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NehaNarula_2016S-_未来的货币_
I want to tell you about the future of money. 这就像之前提到的石灰岩石币不是吗？
Let's start with a story about this culture that lived in Micronesia in the early 1900s, called the Yap . 我们先从一个20世纪早期的故事开始 这个故事发生在密克罗尼西亚联邦里一个叫做雅浦（Yap）的小岛上
Micronesia:n.密克罗尼西亚(西太平洋岛群); Yap:vi.狂吠;哇啦哇啦地瞎说;vt.瞎讲;n.狂吠声;废话;笨蛋;
Now, I want to tell you about the Yap because their form of money is really interesting. 我提到这个雅浦岛的原因是 他们使用的货币非常有趣
They use these limestone discs called Rai stones. 他们使用的货币是由石灰岩凿刻出来的圆盘
limestone:n.[岩]石灰岩;
Now, the Yap don't actually move these Rai stones around or exchange them the way we do with our coins, because Rai stones can get to be pretty massive . 不同于我们平时花钱的方式 雅浦人并不随身带着“拉伊”也不像我们这样兑换硬币 因为他们的“拉伊石币”实在太重了！
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
The largest is about four tons and 12 feet across. 最大的石币可重达4吨,直径达到3.6米
So the Yap just keep track of who owns part of what stone. 所以雅浦人只是记录下谁拥有哪些石币的哪个部分
keep track of:记录;与…保持联系;
There's a story about these sailors that were transporting a stone across the ocean when they ran into some trouble and the stone actually fell in. 有一个关于雅浦岛船员的故事 他们在运输一块石币回到岛上的途中 遇上海难而石沉大海
transporting:v.运输,运送,输送;传播;(transport的现在分词)
The sailors got back to the main island and they told everyone what had happened. 当船员们回到岛上 海上所发生的事告诉了大家
And everyone decided that, actually, yes, the sailors had the stone and -- why not? -- it still counted. 最后大家一致决定,那些船员丢失的石币仍然是他们财产的一部分 他们确实拥有过那块石币,为什么不算数呢？
Even though it was at the bottom of the ocean, it was still part of the Yap economy . 即使那块石币已经沉入海底 它仍然是雅浦经济的一部分
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
You might think that this was just a small culture a hundred years ago. 你可能会觉得这只是一百多年前, 你可能会觉得这只是一百多年前,
But things like this happen in the Western world as well, and the Yap actually still use a form of these stones. 但类似的经济文化也存在于欧洲 即使现如今,雅浦人也仍然把石币作为一种交易货币
In 1932, the Bank of France asked the United States to convert their holdings from dollars into gold. 1932年时,法兰西银行向美国提出申请—— 希望把银行中的美元兑换成黄金
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人; holdings:n.股份;私有财产;馆藏;租种的土地;(holding的复数)
But it was too inconvenient to think about actually shipping all of that gold over to Europe. 但想想看,要把数额巨大的黄金运回欧洲, 这是件多么困难的事
inconvenient:adj.不便的;打扰的;
So instead, someone went to where that gold was being stored and they just labeled it as belonging to France now. 最后有人想出了一个方法——法兰西银行派出工作人员飞往美国黄金储备处 把属于法国的黄金打上标记
labeled:adj.有标签的; v.示踪; (label的过去分词和过去式)
And everyone agreed that France owned the gold. 所有人都承认这些黄金是属于法国的
It's just like those Rai stones. 这就像之前提到的石灰岩石币不是吗？
The point I want to make with these two examples is that there's nothing inherently valuable about a dollar or a stone or a coin. 我提到这两个例子的原因是 没有东西是存在固有价值的 不论是美元、石头还是硬币
inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品;
The only reason these things have any value is because we've all decided they should. 这些东西拥有价值只是因为 我们赋予了它们价值
And because we've decided that, they do. 也正是因为我们这样定义, 它们才有价值
Money is about the exchanges and the transactions that we have with each other. 金钱是存在我们之间, 用于交换和交易的东西
transactions:n.处理,[图情]会报;汇报(transaction复数);
Money isn't anything objective . 钱并不是客观具体存在的事物
objective:n.目标; adj.客观的;
It's about a collective story that we tell each other about value. 它是关于价值的故事的集合
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
A collective fiction. 也是虚构的集合
And that's a really powerful concept. 这是一种很强大的概念
In the past two decades, we've begun to use digital money. 在过去二十年里 我们才刚开始使用数字货币
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
So I get paid via direct deposit , 我的工资直接存入我的储蓄账户
via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道; direct deposit:n.直接将工资转入银行账户;
I pay my rent via bank transfer , 我通过银行转账来支付房租、
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
I pay my taxes online. 网上缴税
And every month,a small amount of money is deducted from my paycheck and invested in mutual funds in my retirement account. 每个月我薪水中的一小部分 都会存入我退休账户里的互惠基金名下
deducted:扣除; paycheck:n.工资;薪金;工资支票; invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式) mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; retirement:n.退休;退职;退休年龄;退休生活;
All of these interactions are literally just changing 1's and 0's on computers. 毫不夸张的说 所有这些交易行为只是电脑程序中1和0的改变
interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
There's not even anything physical , like a stone or a coin. 甚至都没有像石头或者硬币那样的实实在在的物质存在
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Digital money makes it so that I can pay someone around the world in seconds. 数字货币的使用可以让遥远之外的某人在几秒之内就收到钱
Now when this works, it's because there are large institutions underwriting every 1 or 0 that changes on a computer. 这是因为有庞大的机构来保障 电脑程序里1、0之间变化的可靠性
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) underwriting:v.承担经济责任; n.保险业; (underwrite的现在分词)
And when it doesn't, it's often the fault of those large institutions. 如果不能顺利进行 说明那些庞大机构们出现了故障
Or at least, it's up to them to fix the problem. 或者至少说,他们需要去解决这个问题
And a lot of times, they don't. 但大多数时,他们并不这样做
There's a lot of friction in the system. 在这个系统中存在很多的摩擦
friction:n.摩擦,[力]摩擦力;
How long did it take the US credit card companies to implement chip and pin ? 美国信用卡公司花了多久才让芯片技术和密码得到应用？
credit card:n.[经]信用卡; implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具; chip and pin:n.智能卡付款系统
Half my credit cards still don't work in Europe. 我仍然有一半的信用卡不能在欧洲使用
That's friction. 这就是摩擦
Transferring money across borders and across currencies is really expensive: friction. 跨境和跨货币汇款可是需要收取高昂的手续费的 这也是摩擦
Transferring:n.[计]转移,传递;v.移动,[计]转移(transfer的现在分词形式); currencies:n.货币;货币流通(currency的复数);
An entrepreneur in India can set up an online business in minutes, but it's hard for her to get loans and to get paid: friction. 印度的企业家可以在很短的时间内建立一个网络在线业务 但她却很难获得贷款和付款 另外一种摩擦
entrepreneur:n.企业家;承包人;主办者;
Our access to digital money and our ability to freely transact is being held captive by these gatekeepers . 数字货币的使用和自由交易 被这些交换服务器们所控制
captive:adj.被俘虏的;被迷住的;n.俘虏;迷恋者; gatekeepers:n.门卫;信息传递者(gatekeeper的复数);
And there's a lot of impediments in the system slowing things down. 并且系统中存在很多的阻碍减缓了这流程
impediments:n.障碍(impediment的复数);妨碍,困难;
That's because digital money isn't really mine, it's entries in databases that belong to my bank, my credit card company or my investment firm. 这是因为数字货币并不像矿产 它只是数据库的入口 存在于我的银行、信用卡公司或是投资公司
investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
And these companies have the right to say "no." 而这些公司有权说“不”
If I'm a PayPal merchant and PayPal wrongly flags me for fraud , that's it. 假设我是一个贝宝（PayPal:全球最大的在线支付平台）上的卖家 那么我的账户便会被冻结
merchant:n.商人;批发商;(尤指)进出口批发商;(某活动的)爱好者;adj.海上货运的; wrongly:adv.错误地;不恰当地;不公正地; fraud:n.欺骗;骗子;诡计;
My account gets frozen, and I can't get paid. 我也收不到付款
These institutions are standing in the way of innovation . 这些机构急需变革
in the way of:妨碍;关于…方面; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
How many of you use Facebook photos, Google Photos, Instagram ? 你们有多少人在用脸书相册、谷歌照片、Instagram呢？
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; Instagram:照片分享(一款运行在iPhone平台上的应用程序);
My photos are everywhere. 我的照片到处都是
They are on my phone, they're on my laptop , they're on my old phone, they're in Dropbox. 比如手机、笔记本电脑、 旧手机、Dropbox
laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
They're on all these different websites and services. 从这些各种各样的网站、服务器上,
And most of these services don't work together. 都可以找到我的照片
They don't inter-operate. 更不存在交互操作
And as a result , my photo library is a mess . 结果可想而知 我的相册全是乱糟糟的
as a result:结果; mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
The same thing happens when institutions control the money supply . 同样的情况也发生在货币控制机构 很多这些服务商并没有进行互相合作
money supply:n.货币供应量;
A lot of these services don't inter-operate, and as a result, this blocks what we can do with payment . 很多这些服务商并没有进行互相合作 这限制了我们付款行为
payment:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答;
And it makes transaction costs go up. 这也使得交易费用的上涨
So far, we've been through two phases of money. 截至到现在,我们已经经历了两种货币形式
phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式);
In an analog world, we had to deal with these physical objects, and money moved at a certain speed -- the speed of humans. 在模拟世界里 货币移动的速度也就是人们的速度
analog:n.[自]模拟;类似物;adj.[自]模拟的;有长短针的;
In a digital world, money can reach much farther and is much faster, but we're at the mercy of these gatekeeper institutions. 我们不得不处理客观物品 货币移动的速度也就是人们的速度
mercy:n.仁慈,宽容;怜悯;幸运;善行;
Money only moves at the speed of banks. 转移速度只能靠银行的速度
We're about to enter a new phase of money. 一种新的货币模式正在逐渐形成
The future of money is programmable . 未来的货币是可以程序化的
programmable:adj.[计]可编程的;可设计的;
When we combine software and currency , money becomes more than just a static unit of value, and we don't have to rely on institutions for security. 当我们把软件和货币结合在一起 货币不仅仅是一种静态的价值单位 我们也不需要再依赖于各大机构的安全系统
currency:n.货币;通货; static:adj.静止的; n.[物]静电(干扰); rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
In a programmable world, we remove humans and institutions from the loop . 在可编程的世界里 人类和机构不再参与到金钱交易的圈子里
loop:n.循环;回路;环路;圈;v.使成环;使绕成圈;成环形移动;
And when this happens, we won't even feel like we're transacting anymore. 当这样的情况发生后 我们甚至感受不到我们正在进行交易
transacting:v.(与人或组织)做业务,做交易;(transact的现在分词)
Money will be directed by software, and it will just safely and securely flow. 资金将会在软件的运行指导下 安全放心地进行交易
securely:adv.安全地;牢固地;安心地;有把握地;
Cryptocurrencies are the first step of this evolution . 加密货币将是货币革新的第一步
evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进;
Cryptocurrencies are digital money that isn't run by any government or bank. 加密货币是一种不需要政府机构或者银行参与的数字货币
It's money designed to work in a world without intermediaries . 是一种不需要媒介也能实现其功能的货币
intermediaries:n.中介机构;中间商;仲裁者,调解者(intermediary的复数);
Bitcoin is the most ubiquitous cryptocurrency, but there are hundreds of them. 比特币便是一种如今最广泛应用的加密货币 而且它有几百种存在形式
Bitcoin:比特币(电子货币的一种形式,是专为互联网交易而创造的货币); ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的;
There's Ethereum, Litecoin, Stellar , Dogecoin, and those are just a few of the more popular ones. 比如其中一些比较流行的币种—— 以太币,莱特币,恒星币,多吉币
Stellar:adj.星的;星球的;主要的;一流的;
And these things are real money. 它们也都是真实的货币
The sushi restaurant down my street takes Bitcoin. 我住的那条街上的寿司店也可以用比特币结账
I have an app on my phone that I can use to buy sashimi . 我可以用我手机上的一个应用程序给生鱼片付款
sashimi:n.(日)生鱼片;
But it's not just for small transactions. 但比特币不仅仅应用于小额付款
In March, there was a transaction that moved around 100,000 bitcoins. 今年三月份 有一笔交易高达10万比特币
That's the equivalent of 40 million US dollars. 近似于4千万美元
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
Cryptocurrencies are based on a special field of mathematics called cryptography . 加密货币是基于一种特殊的数学算法 称为密码学
mathematics:n.数学;数学运算; cryptography:n.密码学;密码使用法;
Cryptography is the study of how to secure communication, and it's about two really important things: masking information so it can be hidden in plain sight, and verifying a piece of information's source . 密码学是一门关于保障通信安全的学科 其中有两件特别重要的事—— 1. 为信息加密,使之能隐藏在简单的形式下 2. 核实一小部分的信息来源
verifying:v.验证;核查(verify的ing形式); source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
Cryptography underpins so many of the systems around us. 密码学是存在于我们周围很多系统的基础
underpins:v.加强,巩固,构成;加固(墙)基;(underpin的第三人称单数)
And it's so powerful that at times the US government has actually classified it as a weapon. 由于密码学是如此的有用, 美国政府甚至把它列为一种武器
classified:adj.机密的; v.将…分类; (classify的过去分词和过去式)
During World War II, breaking cryptosystems like Enigma was critical to decoding enemy transmissions and turning the tide of the war. 在二战时期,破译类似恩尼格码的密码 在解译敌方通信中起着至关重要的作用 甚至改变了战争的大潮
Enigma:n.谜,不可思议的东西; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; decoding:v.解码;破译(尤指密码);译解,理解(外文);(decode的现在分词) transmissions:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置(transmission的复数) tide:n.潮汐; v.顺应潮水航行;
Today, anyone with a modern web browser is running a pretty sophisticated cryptosystem. 如今任何人都在用的浏览器 也是由一套复杂的密码系统支持运行的
browser:n.[计]浏览器;吃嫩叶的动物;浏览书本的人; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
It's what we use to secure our interactions on the Internet. 它保障了我们在使用网络、
It's what makes it safe for us to type our passwords in and to send financial information to websites. 输入密码以及 发送金融信息的安全性
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
So what the banks used to give us -- trustworthy digital money transfer -- we can now get with a clever application of cryptography. 那我们熟知的银行提供了什么服务呢？ ——可靠的数字货币交易 当密码学投入使用后
trustworthy:adj.可靠的;可信赖的; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
And this means that we don't have to rely on the banks anymore to secure our transactions. 这意味着我们不再需要依赖于银行去确保我们交易的安全性
We can do it ourselves. 我们自己也可以保障我们的交易安全
Bitcoin is based on the very same idea that the Yap used, this collective global knowledge of transfers . 比特币的概念和雅浦币类似 全球交易认知的集合
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; transfers:n.[电子][计]传输(tansfer的复数); v.[计]转移;
In Bitcoin, I spend by transferring Bitcoin, and I get paid when someone transfers Bitcoin to me. 在比特币世界里,我花费的是比特币 收入也以比特币的形式获得
Imagine that we had this magic paper. 假设这是张有魔法的纸
So the way that this paper works is I can give you a sheet of it and if you write something on it,it will magically appear on my piece as well. 当我把这张纸给你后 你在纸上写的任何东西都会出现在我的这张纸上
sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; magically:adv.用魔法地;如魔法般地;
Let's say we just give everyone this paper and everyone writes down the transfers that they're doing in the Bitcoin system. 假设每个人都有这张神奇的纸 当每个人都写下他们在比特币系统里的交易
All of these transfers get copied around to everyone else's pieces of paper. 那每个人的纸上都会同时显示这些交易信息
And I can look at mine and I'll have a list of all of the transfers that are happening in the entire Bitcoin economy. 而我的纸上, 也会有在整个比特币系统里发生的所有交易流程
This is actually what's happening with the Bitcoin blockchain, which is a list of all of the transactions in Bitcoin. 实际上 在比特币区块链里发生的所有交易 就是以这种方式进行
Except, it's not done through paper. 只是交易方式不是在纸上进行的
It's done through computer code, running on thousands of networked computers around the world. 而是在整个世界的互联网内, 成千上万计算机里的程序里运行
All of these computers are collectively confirming who owns what Bitcoin. 所有这些计算机都共同记录了, 谁拥有多少比特币
collectively:adv.共同地,全体地;
So the Bitcoin blockchain is core to how Bitcoin works. 所以比特币区块链是比特币能顺利运行的关键
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
But where do bitcoins actually come from? 但这些比特币从哪儿来呢？
Well, the code is designed to create new Bitcoin according to a schedule . 比特币来源于计划好的编译程序
according to:根据,据说; schedule:工作计划,日程安排
And the way that it works is that to get those Bitcoin, 想要获得比特币
I have to solve a puzzle -- a random cryptographic puzzle. 则必须解开谜题
puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑; random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; cryptographic:adj.关于暗号的,用密码写的;
Imagine that we had 15 dice , and we were throwing these dice over and over again . 假如我们有15个骰子 我们不停地投掷这些骰子
dice:n.骰子;色子;掷骰游戏;掷骰赌博;v.将(肉、菜等)切成小方块;将…切成丁; over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地;
Whenever the dice come up all sixes,we say that we win. 当所有的骰子都是六时,设定为我们赢
This is very close to what these computers are all actually doing. 这近似于所有计算机的工作模式
They're trying over and over again to land on the right number. 计算机不停地进行运算
And when they do, we say that they've solved the puzzle. 以得到正确的数字 当正确的数字被计算出来,
The computer that solves the puzzle publishes its solution to the rest of the network and collects its reward : new bitcoins. 解开了谜题的计算机便把结果发布到互联网上 并获得新的比特币作为奖励
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏;
And in the act of solving this puzzle, these computers are actually helping to secure the Bitcoin blockchain and add to the list of transactions. 在解开谜题的过程中 这些计算机也在逐渐加强比特币区块链的安全性 并把它添加入交易列表中
There are actually people all over the world running this software, and we call them Bitcoin miners . 而在全球范围内 确实有人运行这样的程序 他们被称之为比特币矿工
miners:n.[矿业]矿工(miner的复数);煤矿工人;
Anyone can become a Bitcoin miner. 每个人都能成为比特币矿工
You can go download the software right now and run it in your computer and try to collect some bitcoins. 你现在就可以从网上下载这个程序 在计算机上运行来赚取比特币
I can't say that I would recommend it, because right now, the puzzle is so hard and the network is so powerful, that if I tried to mine Bitcoin on my laptop, 但我并不建议大家这样做 因为现在随着谜题越来越难, 我曾经试过用我自己的电脑挖取比特币
recommend:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎;
I probably wouldn't see any for about two million years. 但我想我要在两百万年后才能挖到一个比特币
The miners, professional miners, use this special hardware that's designed to solve the puzzle really fast. 特殊的硬件被设计出来 因为它们可以提供非常快的计算能力
professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具;
Now, the Bitcoin network and all of this special hardware, there are estimates that the amount of energy it uses is equivalent to that of a small country. 据估计,现如今比特币网络以及所有的专用硬件所消耗的总能源 接近于一个小国家所使用的能源
estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数)
So, the first set of cryptocurrencies are a little bit slow and a little bit cumbersome . 第一代加密货币的运行速度比较慢, 效率也比较低
cumbersome:adj.笨重的;累赘的;难处理的;
But the next generation is going to be so much better and so much faster. 但它也在渐渐变得更快更好
Cryptocurrencies are the first step to a world with a global programmable money. 要想进入一个全球性程序化货币的世界
And in a world with programmable money, 在程序化货币的世界里
I can pay anyone else securely without having to sign up or ask permission, or do a conversion or worry about my money getting stuck. 我可以放心的把钱支付给任何人 而不用我的签名或是得到相关机构的许可 也不需要兑换货币或者担忧上当受骗
conversion:n.转换;变换;[金融]兑换;改变信仰;
And I can send money around the world. 我的钱在全世界范围都可以使用
This is a really amazing thing. 这是件多棒的事呢！
It's the idea of permission-less innovation. 这个想法是一个不需要授予权限的革新
The Internet caused an explosion of innovation, because it was built upon an open architecture . 互联网促成了改革爆炸 因为它是建立在一个开发的空间架构
explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
And just like the Internet changed the way we communicate, programmable money is going to change the way we pay, allocate and decide on value. 正如互联网改变了我们的交流方式 程序化货币将会改变我们的支付方式, 对价值的分配以及确定
allocate:vt.分配;拨出;使坐落于;vi.分配;指定;
So what kind of world does programmable money create? 所以程序化货币能建立一个怎样的世界？
Imagine a world where I can rent out my healthcare data to a pharmaceutical company. 想象一下这样的世界—— 我可以把我的健康数据租用给制药公司
healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健; pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的;n.药物;
They can run large-scale data analysis and provide me with a cryptographic proof that shows they're only using my data in a way that we agreed. 他们能进行基于大范围的数据分析 随后我将会收到一个验证密码 只有通过我的验证,制药公司才有权使用我的数据
large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护;
And they can pay me for what they find out. 如果他们发现了什么有用的信息
Instead of signing up for streaming services and getting a cable bill, what if my television analyzed my watching habits and recommended well-priced content that fit within my budget that I would enjoy? 我们将不用先去申请流媒体服务, 然后交纳有线电视费 取而代之的是,电视程序能分析出我的喜好 推荐一个价位合适,又符合我喜好的节目目录
cable:n.电缆; v.打电报; (用锚链,缆索等)系住; what if:如果…怎么办? analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨; recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式) content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
Imagine an Internet without ads, because instead of paying with our attention when we view content, we just pay. 想象一下没有任何广告的网络 我们不再需要关注于节目目录 我们只要付钱就可以
Interestingly , things like micro-payments are actually going to change the way security works in our world, because once we're better able to allocate value, people will use their money and their energies for more constructive things. 有趣的是 能改变现在所使用的安全保障方式 因为一旦我们能更好的分配价值 我们会把金钱和能源都利用在 更加有建设性的事情上
Interestingly:adv.有趣地; micro-payments:n.小额付款;微额交易; constructive:adj.建设性的;推定的;构造上的;有助益的;
If it cost a fraction of a cent to send an email, would we still have spam ? 如果发送一封邮件需要支付零点几美分 那还会有垃圾邮件吗？
fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量; spam:n.垃圾邮件;罐头猪肉;
We're not at this world yet, but it's coming. 那样的世界还未到来 但很快就能实现
Right now, it's like we're in a world that is seeing the first automobile . 现在的状况就类似于当初汽车的首次亮相
automobile:n.汽车;v.开汽车;坐汽车;adj.自动的;
The first cryptocurrency, like the first car, is slow and hard to understand and hard to use. 首次出现的加密货币就像那第一辆汽车 速度慢、令人费解,也不好操作
Digital money, like the horse and carriage , works pretty well, and the whole world economy is built on it. 数字货币就像马匹和马车 现如今依旧运行得很好 整个世界的经济也基于数字货币
carriage:n.运输;运费;四轮马车;举止;客车厢;
If you were the first person on your block to get a car with an internal combustion engine, your neighbors would probably think you were crazy: "Why would you want this large, clunky machine 如果你是你们街区第一个拥有内燃发动机的汽车的人 周围的邻居可能都会认为你疯了 为什么你会用那样庞大笨重的机器
internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; combustion:n.燃烧,氧化;骚动; clunky:adj.沉重的;影响不好的;
that breaks down all the time, that lights on fire, and is still slower than a horse?" 还总是出现故障或者着起火来 速度也不如马车快
But we all know how that story turns out. 但我们都知道后面发生了什么
We're entering a new era of programmable money. 我们正步入一个程序化货币的时代
And it's very exciting, but it's also a little bit scary. 这很振奋人心,但也有点令人惊慌
Cryptocurrencies can be used for illegal transactions, just like cash is used for crime in the world today. 加密货币也能够用于非法交易 就像现在的现金犯罪一样
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
When all of our transactions are online, what does that mean for surveillance -- who can see what we do? 如果我们所有的交易都在网上进行 谁能成为监管者呢？
surveillance:n.监督;监视;
Who's advantaged in this new world and who isn't? 在那样的新世界,谁能获利,谁又不能呢？
advantaged:adj.得天独厚的;有利的;占有利位置的;v.有利于(advantage的过去式);
Will I have to start to pay for things that I didn't have to pay for before? 我需要支付一些我现在并不需要支付的项目吗？
Will we all become slaves to algorithms and utility functions? 我们都会成为算法和应用函数的奴隶吗？
utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
All new technology comes with trade-offs . 新技术的应用都需要我们舍弃一些东西
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; trade-offs:n.权衡(trade-off的复数);交易;物物交换;
The Internet brought us a lot of ways to waste time. 互联网提供了各种各样浪费时间的方式
But it also greatly increased productivity . 但它同时也大幅度提高了生产率
greatly:adv.很,大大地;非常; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
Mobile phones are annoying because they make me feel like I have to stay connected to work all the time. 手机也有利弊 我不得不无时无刻地关注外面的状况
annoying:adj.烦人的;使生气的;使烦恼的;v.使生气;打扰;骚扰;(annoy的现在分词)
But they also help me stay connected to friends and family. 但它同时也让我和家人朋友保持联系
The new sharing economy is going to eliminate some jobs. 新的共享经济也会限制一些工种
eliminate:v.消除;排除;
But it's also going to create new, flexible forms of employment . 但它也会建立起一个新兴灵活的雇佣形式
flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; employment:n.使用;职业;雇用;
With programmable money, we decouple the need for large, trusted institutions from the architecture of the network. 程序货币 打破了我们和庞大的网络安全保障机构之间的联系 也能推动货币革新
decouple:vt.减弱震波;n.[电]去耦;
And this pushes innovation in money out to the edges, where it belongs. 突破它的范围限制
Programmable money democratizes money. 程序货币使得货币变得民主化
democratizes:vt.使民主化;使大众化;vi.民主化;大众化;
And because of this, things are going to change and unfold in ways that we can't even predict . 事物甚至会以我们不能预测的方式, 改变和呈现出来
unfold:v.(使)展开;打开;展示;透露; predict:v.预报;预言;预告;
Thank you. 谢谢大家！
(Applause)