|
|
MosheSafdie_2014U-_如何重新创造公寓大楼_
|
| When, in 1960, still a student, |
1960 年我还是学生时, |
| I got a traveling fellowship to study housing in North America . |
拿到出国留学的奖学金, 研究北美的住宅建筑。 |
|
fellowship:n.友谊;奖学金;研究员职位; North America:n.北美洲;
|
| We traveled the country. |
我们游遍美国, |
| We saw public housing high-rise buildings in all major cities: |
看到所有大城市里的公共住宅大楼: |
|
public housing:n.(美国政府为低收入者修建的)公共住房; high-rise:adj.高楼的;超高层的;n.高楼;大厦;
|
| New York, Philadelphia . |
像是纽约、费城。 |
|
Philadelphia:n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市);
|
| Those who have no choice lived there. |
那些人别无选择,只能住在那里。 |
| And then we traveled from suburb to suburb, and I came back thinking, we've got to reinvent the apartment building. |
之后我们参访各个郊区, 回来后我想 我们应该重新创造公寓建筑。 |
|
suburb:n.郊区;城外; reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;
|
| There has to be another way of doing this. |
应该要有其它方式来盖这些房子。 |
| We can't sustain suburbs , so let's design a building which gives the qualities of a house to each unit. |
我们无法做到郊区般的住宅品质, 那就设计一座建筑, 让家家户户都能拥有像一栋房屋般的品质。 |
|
sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实; suburbs:n.郊外(suburb的复数);
|
| Habitat would be all about gardens, contact with nature, streets instead of corridors . |
「栖地」最重要的就是花园, 与自然和街道亲近, 而非面对窄小回廊。 |
|
Habitat:n.[生态]栖息地,产地; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; corridors:n.廊道,[建]走廊(corridor的复数形式);
|
| We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy , and there it is almost 50 years later. |
为了节省经费,我们运用组合屋, 这个地方存在将近 50 年了, |
|
prefabricated:adj.预制构件的;v.预先建造组合(prefabricate的过去分词); economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
|
| It's a very desirable place to live in. |
还是个让人向往入住的地区。 |
|
desirable:adj.令人满意的;值得要的;n.合意的人或事物;
|
| It's now a heritage building, but it did not proliferate . |
现在已经是老建筑了, 但这种建筑并没有扩张出去。 |
|
heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权; proliferate:vi.增殖;扩散;激增;vt.使激增;
|
| In 1973, I made my first trip to China. |
我在 1973 年首次造访中国, |
| It was the Cultural Revolution . |
当时正值文化大革命时期。 |
|
Cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; Revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
|
| We traveled the country, met with architects and planners . |
我们走遍全国, 和一些建筑师、规划师见面。 |
|
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员;
|
| This is Beijing then, not a single high rise building in Beijing or Shanghai. |
这是当时的北京, 没有一栋高楼大厦 存在北京或上海之中。 |
| Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city. |
深圳甚至谈不上是个城市, |
| There were hardly any cars. |
那里连车子都没有。 |
|
hardly any:几乎没有;
|
| Thirty years later, this is Beijing today. |
30 年后, 这是现在的北京。 |
| This is Hong Kong. |
这是香港。 |
| If you're wealthy, you live there, if you're poor, you live there, but high density it is, and it's not just Asia. |
如果你很有钱,就会住在这, 如果你很穷,就会住在这, 但并非只有亚洲的环境如此密集。 |
|
density:n.密度;
|
| S?o Paulo, you can travel in a helicopter 45 minutes seeing those high-rise buildings consume the 19th-century low-rise environment. |
圣保罗也是, 你可以花 45 分钟在直升机上, 看那些高楼大厦吞噬 19 世纪矮房子的环境。 |
|
consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; low-rise:adj.不高的;(建筑物)层数少的;
|
| And with it, comes congestion , and we lose mobility , and so on and so forth. |
结果造成交通壅塞、 城市拥挤等问题。 |
|
congestion:n.拥挤;拥塞;充血; mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率;
|
| So a few years ago, we decided to go back and rethink Habitat. |
因此几年前,我们决定回头重新思考「栖地」。 |
|
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
|
| Could we make it more affordable ? |
我们能让价格更平易近人吗？ |
|
affordable:adj.负担得起的;
|
| Could we actually achieve this quality of life in the densities that are prevailing today? |
我们真能达到这样的生活品质, 即使是在现今普遍稠密的环境吗？ |
|
densities:n.密度(density的复数); prevailing:adj.流行的;一般的;占优势的;v.盛行,流行;获胜;(prevail的现在分词形式)
|
| And we realized, it's basically about light, it's about sun, it's about nature, it's about fractalization. |
我们了解基本上和光源有关, 和太阳有关,和自然有关, 和碎形化有关。 |
|
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
|
| Can we open up the surface of the building so that it has more contact with the exterior ? |
我们能不能展开建筑的表面, 让它和外界有更多接触？ |
|
exterior:n.外观;外表;adj.外面的;外部的;外表的;户外的;
|
| We came up with a number of models: economy models, cheaper to build and more compact; membranes of housing where people could design their own house and create their own gardens. |
我们想出一些模型: 经济实惠的模型,建造的费用更低、更精巧; 大家可以设计自宅的外部, 打造自己的花园。 |
|
membranes:n.细胞膜(membrane的复数);薄膜;膜皮;
|
| And then we decided to take New York as a test case , and we looked at Lower Manhattan. |
后来我们决定拿纽约做实验案例, 研究曼哈顿下城。 |
|
test case:n.(判决同类案件可援用的)判例;
|
| And we mapped all the building area in Manhattan. |
我们画出曼哈顿建筑区的地图。 |
| On the left is Manhattan today: blue for housing, red for office buildings, retail . |
左边是现在的曼哈顿: 蓝色是住宅,红色是办公大楼和商场。 |
|
retail:vt.零售;转述;vi.零售;n.零售;adv.以零售方式;adj.零售的;
|
| On the right, we reconfigured it: the office buildings form the base, and then rising 75 stories above, are apartments. |
右边是我们重新配置的样子: 办公区做为底部, 向上延伸 75 层楼高, 做为公寓。 |
|
reconfigured:vt.重新配置;
|
| There's a street in the air on the 25th level, a community street. |
在 25 楼高的空中有条街, 是社区街道, |
|
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
|
| It's permeable . |
可以通行。 |
|
permeable:adj.能透过的;有渗透性的;
|
| There are gardens and open spaces for the community, almost every unit with its own private garden, and community space all around. |
还有花园和开放空间 供社区使用, 几乎每户都有私家花园, 四周有社区空间环绕。 |
| And most important, permeable, open. |
最重要、方便通行且开放的是, |
| It does not form a wall or an obstruction in the city, and light permeates everywhere. |
城市没有筑起任何围墙或障碍物, 而且阳光能洒在每个角落。 |
|
obstruction:n.障碍;阻碍;妨碍; permeates:v.弥漫(permeate的第三人称单数);
|
| And in the last two or three years, we've actually been, for the first time, realizing the quality of life of Habitat in real-life projects across Asia. |
一直到最近两三年, 我们才首次真的 实现「栖地」的良好生活品质, 透过遍及亚洲的实地计画达成。 |
|
real-life:adj.现实的;实在的;
|
| This in Qinhuangdao in China: middle-income housing, where there is a bylaw that every apartment must receive three hours of sunlight . |
这是中国的秦皇岛市: 中所得家户的住宅, 社区街道和公园…等等。 三小时的日照, |
|
middle-income:adj.中等收入的; bylaw:n.次要法规;细则;地方法则;(社团制定的)内部章程; sunlight:n.日光;
|
| That's measured in the winter solstice . |
以冬至那天为基准测量。 |
|
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) solstice:n.至,至日;至点;
|
| And under construction in Singapore, again middle-income housing, gardens, community streets and parks and so on and so forth. |
这是在新加坡的施工现场, 同样是中所得家户的住宅、花园、 社区街道和公园…等等。 |
|
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
|
| And Colombo. |
接下来是可伦坡。 |
| And I want to touch on one more issue , which is the design of the public realm . |
我想再谈一个议题, 是关于公共空间的设计。 |
|
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
|
| A hundred years after we've begun building with tall buildings, we are yet to understand how the tall high-rise building becomes a building block in making a city, in creating the public realm. |
从百年前我们开始盖高楼大厦至今, 我们还是不了解 高楼大厦要怎么变成组合、堆迭式建筑, 和建立公共空间。 |
|
|
| In Singapore, we had an opportunity: 10 million square feet, extremely high density. |
在新加坡,我们有了机会: 一千万平方英尺,密度非常高。 |
|
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
|
| Taking the concept of outdoor and indoor , promenades and parks integrated with intense urban life. |
以室外与室内的概念来看, 海滨步道和公园融入紧绷的都市生活。 |
|
outdoor:adj.户外的;露天的; indoor:adj.(在)室内的;在户内进行的;在室内用的; promenades:n.散步;骑马;[舞]舞会;阳台(promenade的复数) integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
|
| So they are outdoor spaces and indoor spaces, and you move from one to the other, and there is contact with nature, and most relevantly, at every level of the structure , public gardens and open space. |
那里有室外和室内空间, 你可以在不同的空间移动, 还能亲近自然, 最贴切的是每一层楼都有 公共花园和开放空间。 |
|
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
|
| On the roof of the podium , climbing up the towers, and finally on the roof, the sky park, two and a half acres, jogging paths, restaurants, and the world's longest swimming pool . |
在墩座顶部, 攀上高塔, 最后抵达屋顶上的空中花园, 两英亩半,有跑道、餐厅, 还有世界上最长的游泳池。 |
|
podium:n.乐队指挥台;矮墙;墩座墙; finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; jogging:n.慢跑锻炼;v.慢跑(尤指锻炼);(偶然地)轻击;轻碰;(jog的现在分词) swimming pool:n.游泳池;游泳场;游泳馆;
|
| And that's all I can tell you in five minutes. |
以上就是我在五分钟内能分享的一切。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |