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MonicaAraya_2020T-_城市是如何为交通“排毒”的？_-
We have known for a long time that air pollution kills people. 我们早就知道, 空气污染会危及生命。
We also know that a climate emergency is happening. 我们也知道,气候危机已迫在眉睫。
These are hardly motivating facts to start a conversation, but I'm actually here to share good news. 这样负面的陈述 通常不适合开启一场对话, 但我其实有一些好消息要分享。
For the first time in our lifetimes, a big detox of transportation is possible, despite the many problems we have, or perhaps because of them. 这是我们有生以来, 第一次有可能 对交通进行大规模的排污, 尽管我们还面临着很多问题, 或者也正因为这些问题的存在。
emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; motivating:v.激励;刺激;调动…的积极性(motivate的ing形式); detox:n.戒瘾病房;戒瘾诊所;adj.用以解毒的;用以去毒的;vt.使戒去毒瘾(或酒瘾); transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
The lockdowns of 2020 have been tough, but they also give us a glimpse of life without the usual noise, congestion and pollution, confronting us with questions about the way we live. 2020 年的各种疫情封锁措施 为所有人带来了不便, 但也让我们看到了 没有噪音、拥堵和污染的生活, 让我们得以直面 关于我们生活方式的问题。
The tailpipe is a symbol of our worst habits -- habits that we have normalized for too long: the burning of 100 million barrels of oil every 24 hours and the extraction behind that oil, the fumes choking our cities, the greenhouse gases going up in the atmosphere and overheating our planet. 排气管代表了我们最不堪, 却早已习以为常的习惯之一: 每 24 小时烧掉1 亿桶石油, 以及石油背后的提炼过程—— 产生的烟雾让我们的城市窒息了, 温室气体不断上升进入大气中, 导致我们的星球不断升温。
lockdowns:n.一级防范禁闭(期); glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹; congestion:n.拥挤;拥塞;充血; confronting:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗;(confront的现在分词) tailpipe:n.排气管; symbol:n.象征;符号;标志; normalized:adj.标准化的; v.使规范化(normalize的过去分词); barrels:n.机筒; v.把…装桶; extraction:n.取出;抽出;拔出;抽出物;出身; fumes:n.烟气;激动;空想的事物(fume的复数);v.蒸发;冒烟;发怒(fume的三单形式); choking:adj.窒息的;闭紧的;v.(使)窒息;使停止呼吸;说不出话来;(choke的现在分词) greenhouse:n.温室;暖房; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; overheating:n.[热]过热;v.[热]过热(overheat的ing形式);
None of that is normal, nor is air pollution, which can shorten life expectancy by up to 10 years, depending on where you live. 这些都不正常, 空气污染也不应该成为常态, 它会导致预期寿命缩短长达 10 年, 这取决于你住在哪里。
This is also a matter of environmental justice because air pollution hurts everyone, but it hurts the poor and minorities disproportionately . 这同时也是一个环境正义的问题, 因为空气污染会伤害每个人, 尤其是穷人和少数族裔。
The good news is that things are changing. 好消息是,事情正在发生变化。
shorten:vt.缩短;减少;变短;vi.缩短;变短; life expectancy:预期寿命; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; minorities:n.少数(minority的复数形式);少数民族;少数族裔; disproportionately:adv.不成比例地;
Take cities. 以城市为例。
First, people around the world are demanding clean air and cities are responding by banning petrol and diesel cars, mostly by 2030 and 2040; over 30 cities and regions are already doing this. 首先,世界各地的人们 都在要求清洁的空气, 各大城市也纷纷采取措施, 要求到 2030 年或 2040 年 禁止使用汽油和柴油汽车, 30 多个城市和地区已经在这么做了。
Second, the city space is going through an overhaul . 第二,城市空间 正在经历一场大变革。
Too much space was given to cars, and cities are reversing this by blocking traffic from certain streets, by giving the streets back to pedestrians , by making the streets greener and safer, especially for children. 我们给了汽车太多的空间, 很多城市正在扭转这种局面—— 在某些街道禁止机动车通行, 把道路还给行人, 让街道更加绿色和安全, 尤其为了我们的孩子。
responding:v.响应;作出反应;反应灵敏;(respond的现在分词) banning:n.禁止;禁令;v.禁止;取缔;限制(ban的ing形式);adj.禁止的; petrol:n.(英)汽油; diesel:n.柴油机;柴油;柴油车;内燃机车 regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) overhaul:vt.分解检查,大修;追上并超过;n.彻底检修,详细检查; reversing:v.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反;(reverse的现在分词) pedestrians:n.行人(pedestrian的复数); especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
And third, cities are also prioritizing active mobility , such as biking and walking. 第三,城市也更加重视 积极的流动性, 如骑自行车和步行。
And the pandemic accelerated many of these decisions. 疫情大流行催生了许多这样的政策。
From Barcelona to Bogotá, cities are opening spaces for bike lanes , for commuters . 从巴塞罗那到波哥大, 城市正在为通勤者和自行车爱好者 开辟更多空间。
Sales of bikes and e-bikes are booming in many places. 自行车和电动自行车的销售 在许多地方如雨后春笋般增长。
prioritizing:v.按重要性排列;划分优先顺序;优先处理;(prioritize的现在分词) mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式) Barcelona:n.巴塞罗纳(西班牙); lanes:n.线路,跑道(lane复数形式); commuters:n.通勤者;每日往返上班者(commuter的复数); booming:adj.兴旺的,繁荣的;大受欢迎的;v.兴旺(boom的现在分词);发出隆隆声;
Paris is pioneering the 15-minute city to put essentials within a walk or a bike ride, all within 15 minutes. 巴黎开创了“15分钟城市”的理念, 所有关键的服务只需要 步行或骑车 15 分钟 都可以获得。
I live in Amsterdam , where a profound transformation is underway . 我住在阿姆斯特丹, 那里正在发生深刻的变革。
Amsterdam already promotes biking, public transit , walking. 阿姆斯特丹早就开始 提倡骑自行车、公共交通和步行。
So you might be surprised to hear that even in Amsterdam there is a problem with air pollution because of road transportation. 所以,听到下面的话你可能会感到惊讶—— 即使在阿姆斯特丹,由于道路运输, 空气污染也同样是 一个无可避免的问题,
essentials:n.要素;要点;必需品;(essential的复数) Amsterdam:n.阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都);阿姆斯特丹(美国纽约东部城市); profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; underway:adj.进行中的;起步的;航行中的;n.[公路]水底通道; promotes:v.促进;推动;促销;推销;提升;晋升;(promote的第三人称单数) transit:n.运输;经过;v.运送;经过;
That is why the city of Amsterdam has a plan to go emissions-free by 2030. 这就是为什么阿姆斯特丹市计划 到 2030 年实现零排放。
And the plan builds on the idea of an expanding zero-emission zone going from the center outwards in three phases . 这个计划建立在 从中心向外扩张零排放区的想法上, 并分为三个阶段。
By 2022, all buses and coaches circulating in the city center must be emissions-free. 到 2022 年,所有在市中心行驶的 公共汽车和长途汽车都必须实现零排放。
By 2025, the zone expands and all public and commercial traffic must be emissions-free. 到 2025 年, 该计划的覆盖范围将会扩大, 所有的公共和商业交通 都必须做到零排放——
expanding:v.扩大,增加,增强细谈;详述;(expand的现在分词) zero-emission:零排放; outwards:adv.向外地; phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式); circulating:adj.运行的; v.(液体或气体)环流,循环; (circulate的现在分词) expands:v.展开; (expand的第三人称单数) commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
Public buses, coaches, taxis, vans , small, medium and large trucks. 公共汽车、长途汽车、出租车、货车、 小型、中型和大型卡车,
That also includes mopeds , ferries and boats. 其中也包括 轻便摩托车、渡船和船只。
By 2030, the zone expands further, and by then all transportation must be emissions-free, including personal cars and motorcycles. 到 2030 年, 这个范围还会进一步扩大, 届时,所有交通工具都将实现零排放, 包括个人汽车和摩托车。
vans:n.先锋;前卫;大蓬货车(van的复数); medium:n.(传播信息的)媒介;手段;工具;方法;adj.中等的;中号的; mopeds:n.轻型摩托车胎;轻便摩托车; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
No more tailpipes . 没有排气管了,
And that is just nine years away. 只需要九年的时间。
Living here and witnessing firsthand how Amsterdam becomes a front-runner of electric mobility is a powerful reminder that the big societal imperative of halving carbon emissions by 2030 goes beyond nudging people away from personal cars. 住在这里,亲眼目睹 阿姆斯特丹如何成为 交通工具电动化的领跑者, 有力的提醒了我们, 到 2030 年 不仅仅是促使人们远离私人汽车。
tailpipes:n.排气管; witnessing:v.当场看到,目击;是发生…的地点;见证;(witness的现在分词) firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; front-runner:n.竞争中的领先者;赛跑中跑在前头的人; electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; societal:adj.社会的; imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事; halving:n.二等分;[数]对分;v.二等分;把…减半(halve的ing形式); carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) nudging:v.(用肘)轻推,轻触;(朝某方向)轻推,渐渐推动;(nudge的现在分词)
The systemic change we need requires that all modes of transportation go emissions-free powered by renewables , and we have to achieve that while making sure that our needs are met as citizens and as business. 我们需要的系统性变革 要求所有交通方式都实现零排放。 以可再生能源为动力, 我们必须实现这一目标,同时确保 我们作为公民和企业的需求 也能得到满足。
And to do this, we need to electrify pretty much everything. 要做到这一点, 我们需要实现全面电动化。
Cities cannot do this alone, so we need national governments to play a fundamental role too. 城市无法单独做到这一点, 我们也需要国家政府 发挥一些最基本的作用。
systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的; modes:n.模式(mode的复数形式);方法;分辨率; renewables:n.可再生能源(renewable的复数); electrify:v.使电气化;使通电;使兴奋; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
The European Union , for example, has CO2 emission standards for vehicle manufacturers , and over a dozen of European countries have set up plans to phase out petrol and diesel cars -- 例如,欧盟为汽车制造商 制定了二氧化碳排放标准, 十几个欧洲国家也已经制定了 逐步淘汰汽油和柴油汽车的计划——
France by 2040, the United Kingdom by 2035. 法国,到 2040 年; 英国, 到 2035 年;
China and California have mandates to accelerate the manufacturing of zero-emission models. 中国和加州已要求 加快零排放车型的制造。
California just passed a rule that requires that 50 percent of the sales of trucks in the state are zero-emissions by 2035 and all of them must be zero-emission by 2045. 加州刚刚通过了一项规定, 要求到 2035 年, 在州内新投入使用的卡车中, 50% 要能够实现零排放, 到 2045 年, 所有卡车都必须实现零排放。
European Union:n.欧洲联盟; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数) vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; manufacturers:n.生产者;制造者;生产商;(manufacturer的复数) phase out:逐步淘汰;停止; United Kingdom:n.英国; mandates:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
This is a game changer for the trucking industry. 这对卡车运输行业来说 是一个颠覆性的变革。
Vehicle manufacturing is shifting towards electrification . 汽车制造业正转向电动化。
Look at some of the milestones , which were unthinkable a few years back. 很多标志性的里程碑 在几年前甚至还是不可想象的。
Volkswagen has converted a traditional plant into one that will produce only electric vehicles . 大众已经将一家传统工厂 改造成一家只生产电动汽车的工厂。
changer:n.转换开关装置;改变者(change的名词形式); shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词) electrification:n.电气化;带电;充电; milestones:n.里程碑;时间表; unthinkable:adj.不能想象的;过分的; Volkswagen:n.大众汽车(财富500强公司之一); converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式); traditional:传统的,惯例的, vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
Daimler is halting all the development of internal combustion engines. 戴姆勒停止了内燃机的所有开发工作。
And Tesla is more valuable today than ExxonMobil. 而在今天,特斯拉 比埃克森美孚更有价值。
This year, public charging plugs hit the one million mark around the world. 今年,全球公共充电插头 达到了 100 万个。
Fleet owners are shifting towards zero-emission models. 车队的拥有者也开始 更加青睐零排放车型。
halting:adj.犹豫的;蹒跚的;跛的;v.停止;蹒跚;犹豫(halt的ing形式); internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; combustion:n.燃烧,氧化;骚动; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; plugs:n.[电]插头; v.插入,塞住; Fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的;
Amazon alone has ordered 100,000 electric delivery vans and nearly 90 global companies have joined EV100, an international initiative to electrify fleets by 2030 starting now. 仅亚马逊就订购了 10 万辆电动送货车, 近 90 家全球公司加入了 EV100—— 一项从现在开始到 2030 年, 使车队逐步实现电动化的国际倡议。
These are still small steps compared to the scale of our oil addiction , but they signal a new direction of travel. 与我们对石油的依赖程度相比, 这些进步可能显得微不足道, 但它们标志着一个新的趋势。
What's really exciting is that the technologies we need for this transformation are here today, commercially available, getting cheaper and getting better. 真正令人兴奋的是, 我们进行这一转变所需的技术 如今已经出现在了市场上, 而且正在变得更加优质、廉价。
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; fleets:n.[军]舰队(fleet的复数);v.掠过(fleet的第三人称单数形式); compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); commercially:adv.商业上;通商上;
Look at batteries . 比如,
Their cost went down 90 percent in 10 years, and there are new opportunities to repurpose these batteries for energy storage or to recycle them once they wear down . 电池的成本在 10 年内下降了 90%, 并且出现了新的用途, 比如能量存储, 或者能够在它们的性能下降时 进行安全回收。
batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数) repurpose:vt.改换意图;重新目的化; recycle:v.回收利用;再利用; wear down:v.磨损;使疲劳;使厌烦;损耗;由于坚持而克服…的反对,逐渐克服;说服;
The race to zero needs capital. 快速全面的实现零排放 需要大量资本的支持。
So we need more urgency and directionality in the financial industry because it is heavily invested in fossil fuels. 因此,金融行业需要认识到 其紧迫性和方向性, 因为该行业一直 大量投资于化石燃料。
To reach scale and speed, we will need clever combinations of finance and policy . 为了达到足够的规模和速度, 我们需要金融和政策的巧妙结合。
Look at what's going on with electric buses. 我们来看一下电动公交车。
China has a fleet of 420,000 electric buses compared to 600 in the entire United States. 中国有 42 万辆 电动公交车, 而整个美国只有 600 辆。
urgency:n.紧急;催促;紧急的事; directionality:n.定向性,方向性;方向感知; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式) fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的; combinations:n.[数]组合;制品(combination的复数);合谱; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
To put that into perspective , 对比之下, 由于巧妙的金融扶持,
Santiago de Chile alone has 455 electric buses, and growing, thanks to an ingenious financial arrangement . 仅智利的圣地亚哥 就有 455 辆电动公交车, 并且这个数字还在增长。
Africa now has its first manufacturing plant of electric buses. 而非洲现在也已经有了第一家 电动公交车制造厂。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; Santiago:n.圣地亚哥(智利首都); ingenious:adj.有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的; arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲;
And P4G, a global initiative, is working with emerging economies that want to scale up the electrification of buses. P4G,另一项全球倡议, 正在与希望扩大 公车电动化规模的新兴经济体合作。
Colombia is first in line, designing a fund of 2.2 billion dollars to electrify 6,000 buses over time. 哥伦比亚率先设计了 一项 22 亿美元的基金, 用于逐步实现 6000 台公车的电动化转型。
There is, and there will be, resistance to change. 然而同时,改变的阻力始终都会存在。
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力;
There is even an inability to imagine that change is possible. 很多人甚至无法想象改变是可能的。
In reality, change happens exponentially . 事实上,变化可以是指数级的。
Look at what happened to solar energy. 可以参考太阳能技术的进展。
Exponential change can bring turmoil if the decline of old industries is not managed. 如果无法管理好各个行业潜在的衰退, 指数变化则可能带来动荡,
inability:n.无能力;无才能; exponentially:adv.以指数方式; turmoil:n.混乱,骚动; decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
It can bring economic dislocation and job disruption . 比如经济失调和就业困难。
So wouldn't it be wiser to prepare and design just transitions now rather than later? 那么,是不是应该 提早准备和设计这种过渡呢？
Here's the bottom line . 最低要求应该是这样的:
The end of internal combustion engine is within sight. 内燃机的淘汰之日就在眼前。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; dislocation:n.转位;混乱;[医]脱臼; disruption:n.破坏,毁坏;分裂,瓦解; transitions:n.过渡,转变(transition的复数形式);转场效果;转换滤镜; the bottom line:底线;本质内容;最底线;
The question is no longer whether this will happen, but when. 问题不再是这会不会发生, 而是什么时候发生。
Ten years? 10 年后？
Twenty years? 20 年后？
It depends on us and the choices that we make this decade. 这取决于我们和 我们在这十年中做出的选择。
So now is the time to go bigger and faster towards a future without a tailpipe, a future where we can meet our transportation needs and have people-friendly streets, a future with a thriving economy and clean air, a future we choose for the climate and for our health. 因此,现在是时候 一个我们可以满足交通需求、 拥有人性化街道的未来, 一个经济繁荣、空气清洁的未来, 一个我们为气候和人类健康 所选择的未来。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
thriving:v.兴旺发达;繁荣;旺盛;茁壮成长;(thrive的现在分词) economy:n.经济;节约;理财;