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MiriamZoilaPerez_2016W-_种族歧视如何伤害孕妇健康及如何应对_
Most of you can probably relate to what I'm feeling right now. 你们肯定能想象我现在感受。
My heart is racing in my chest. 我的心脏砰砰直跳。
My palms are a little bit clammy . 我的手变得黏黏的。
palms:n.手掌,手心;棕榈植物(palm的复数);v.把…藏于手中(palm的第三人称单数); clammy:adj.黏糊糊的;湿漉漉的
I'm sweating. 是有害的,你可能不会感到惊讶。
And my breath is a little bit shallow. 我的呼吸有一点急促。
Now, these familiar sensations are obviously the result of standing up in front of a thousand of you and giving a talk that might be streamed online to perhaps a million more. 这些熟悉的感觉明显是因为 站在近千名观众的舞台上演讲, 而且演讲视频还可能放上网 向上百万人播放。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; sensations:n.感觉;轰动;感动;
But the physical sensations I'm experiencing right now are actually the result of a much more basic mind-body mechanism . 但是我现在身体内正在进行的变化, 实际上比我们感受到的要复杂的多。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧;
My nervous system is sending a flood of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline into my bloodstream . 我的神经系统正在向血管输送大量的荷尔蒙, 比如皮质醇和肾上腺素。
nervous system:n.神经系统; hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数); cortisol:n.[生化]皮质醇;考的索;[药]氢化可的松; adrenaline:n.[生化]肾上腺素; bloodstream:n.[生理]血流,血液的流动;
It's a very old and very necessary response that sends blood and oxygen to the organs and muscles that I might need to respond quickly to a potential threat. 这是一个很古老且很重要的反应, 它令我在有潜在危险的情况下能够快速反应, 把所需的血和氧气送至器官和肌肉。
response:n.响应;反应;回答; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数); muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数); respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
But there's a problem with this response, and that is, it can get over-activated. 但是这个反应有一个问题, 它可能会反应过激。
If I face these kinds of stressors on a daily basis, particularly over an extended period of time, my system can get overloaded . 如果每天我都面对这种压力, 特别是经过很长的一段时间后, 我的身体会超负荷。
stressors:n.压力源(stressor的复数);压力因素; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) overloaded:adj.超载的;超负荷的;超重的;v.使超载;使负担过重(overload的过去分词);
So basically , if this response happens infrequently : super-necessary for my well-being and survival . 所以简单来说,如果这种反应只是偶尔发生—— 对我的健康和生命就极为重要。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; infrequently:adv.很少发生地;稀少地; well-being:n.幸福;康乐; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
But if it happens too much, it can actually make me sick. 但是如果这发生得过于频繁, 会使我生病。
There's a growing body of research examining the relationship between chronic stress and illness. 越来越多的研究开始调查 长期压力与疾病的联系。
chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的;
Things like heart disease and even cancer are being shown to have a relationship to stress. 像心脏病甚至癌症 都被表明和压力有联系。
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
And that's because, over time, too much activation from stress can interfere with my body's processes that keep me healthy. 这是因为,久而久之,由压力所导致的过度兴奋 会妨碍保持我健康的生理过程。
activation:n.[电子][物]激活;活化作用; interfere:v.干涉;干预;介入; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
Now, let's imagine for a moment that I was pregnant . 现在,让我们设想一下,我怀孕了。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
What might this kind of stress, particularly over the length of my pregnancy , what kind of impact might that have on the health of my developing fetus ? 这种压力, 特别是在我怀孕的这段时间里, 会对胎儿的发育 有什么影响呢？
pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; fetus:n.胎儿,胎;
You probably won't be surprised when I tell you that this kind of stress during pregnancy is not good. 当我告诉你时,这种怀孕期间的压力 是有害的,你可能不会感到惊讶。
It can even cause the body to initiate labor too early, because in a basic sense, the stress communicates that the womb is no longer a safe place for the child. 这甚至会引起早产, 原因很简单,压力会提示 子宫对孩子已经不再是一个安全的地方了。
initiate:vt.开始,创始; n.开始; adj.新加入的; womb:n.[解剖]子宫;发源地;vt.容纳;
Stress during pregnancy is linked with things like high blood pressure and low infant birth weight, and it can begin a cascade of health challenges that make birth much more dangerous for both parent and child. 怀孕期间的压力和高血压、婴儿体重过轻这样的 而且它能够引发一系列的健康问题, 让分娩对母亲和孩子 都变得更危险。
blood pressure:n.[医]血压; infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; cascade:n.小瀑布,瀑布状物;串联;vi.像瀑布般大量倾泻下来;vi.像瀑布般悬挂着;
Now of course stress, particularly in our modern lifestyle, is a somewhat universal experience, right? 当然压力,特别是在现代生活中, 是非常普遍的现象,对吧？
somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;
Maybe you've never stood up to give a TED Talk, but you've faced a big presentation at work, a sudden job loss, a big test, a heated conflict with a family member or friend. 可能你没有做过TED演讲, 但是你可能做过重要的工作汇报, 或是突然地被解雇, 面临一场重要的考试, 或是跟家庭成员或朋友有过激烈的冲突。
presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
But it turns out that the kind of stress we experience and whether we're able to stay in a relaxed state long enough to keep our bodies working properly depends a lot on who we are. 但结果是我们所承受的那种压力 和我们是否能够在足够的时间内保持放松状态, 来让我们的身体正常运行, 很大程度上,取决于我们是谁。
relaxed:adj.轻松的;冷静的;v.放松;休息;宽慰;(relax的过去分词和过去式)
There's also a growing body of research showing that people who experience more discrimination are more likely to have poor health. 越来越多的研究表明, 经历较多歧视的人 身体更有可能不健康。
discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力;
Even the threat of discrimination, like worrying you might be stopped by police while driving your car, can have a negative impact on your health. 甚至可能潜存的歧视, 如开车时,你担心会被警察拦下, 都会对你的健康产生不良影响。
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
Harvard Professor Dr. David Williams, the person who pioneered the tools that have proven these linkages , says that the more marginalized groups in our society experience more discrimination and more impacts on their health. 哈佛教授大卫·威廉姆斯博士, 他研发了各种手段来证明这种联系, 他说社会上越被边缘化的人 被歧视越多,对自身健康影响就越大。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; linkages:n.联系(linkage的复数); marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词); impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
I've been interested in these issues for over a decade. 我对这些问题的研究已经有十年多了。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
I became interested in maternal health when a failed premed trajectory instead sent me down a path looking for other ways to help pregnant people. 我开始对母婴健康感兴趣, 虽然我考医学院的努力失败了, 但我找到了帮助孕妇的另一种方式。
maternal:adj.母亲的;母性的;母系的;母体遗传的; premed:n.医学院预科;医学预科生;术前药物处理; trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道;
I became a doula , a lay person trained to provide support to people during pregnancy and childbirth . 我成为了一名“导乐”（孕妇保姆）, 一个接受过训练专门在孕期和分娩时 帮助孕妇的女性。
doula:n.在婴儿生产时候以及后来负责照料的女性; childbirth:n.分娩;
And because I'm Latina and a Spanish speaker, in my first volunteer doula gig at a public hospital in North Carolina , 因为我是拉丁美洲裔,而且会说西班牙语, 我第一个志愿孕妇保姆工作是在北卡罗来纳州的一个公共医院,
volunteer:n.志愿者;志愿兵;adj.志愿的;v.自愿; Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部);
I saw clearly how race and class impacted the experiences of the women that I supported. 我清楚地意识到种族和阶层是如何影响 那些我帮助过的妇女们。
impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的;v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词);
If we take a look at the statistics about the rates of illness during pregnancy and childbirth, we see clearly the pattern outlined by Dr. Williams. 如果我们看看怀孕和分娩期间 得病机率的统计数据, 我们可以清楚地印证威廉姆斯教授的概述。
take a look at:看一看;检查; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数) outlined:v.概述:显示…的轮廓:(outline的过去分词和过去式)
African-American women in particular have an entirely different experience than white women when it comes to whether their babies are born healthy. 当谈到她们的婴儿是否健康时, 特别是非裔美国人,和白人孕妇有着 完全不同的经历。
African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); in particular:尤其,特别;
In certain parts of the country, particularly the Deep South , the rates of mother and infant death for black women actually approximate those rates in Sub-Saharan African. 这个国家的一些地方,特别是南部, 黑人孕妇和婴儿的死亡率 和撒哈拉以南非洲的死亡率差不多。
Deep South:n.美国南部诸州(尤指佐治亚、亚拉巴马、密西西比、路易斯安那和南卡罗来纳州); approximate:v.近似;使…接近;粗略估计;接近于;adj.[数]近似的;大概的; Sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区;
In those same communities , the rates for white women are near zero. 在同样的社区里, 白人孕妇的死亡概率几乎为零。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
Even nationally , black women are four times more likely to die during pregnancy and childbirth than white women. 甚至从全国层面来说,黑人孕妇比起白人孕妇, 在怀孕期及分娩时的死亡率 要高出四倍。
nationally:adv.全国性地;以国民立场地;举国一致地;
Four times more likely to die. 近乎四倍的死亡率。
They're also twice as likely for their ck">> infants to die before the first year of life than white infants, and two to three times more likely to give birth too early or too skinny — a sign of ck">> insufficient development. 她们的婴儿在一岁之前 死亡的可能性 是白人婴儿的两倍, 并且有两到三倍的可能性 出现早产或体重过轻—— 这都是婴儿发育不良的信号。
Native women are also more likely to have higher rates of these problems than white women, as are some groups of Latinas. 印第安女人也比白人更有可能 遭遇这些问题, 拉丁裔女人也是这样的。
Native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民;
For the last decade as a doula turned journalist and blogger , 在过去十年来,作为导乐、记者和博主,
journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; blogger:n.写博客的人;博客使用者;
I've been trying to raise the alarm about just how different the experiences of women of color, but particularly black women, are when it comes to pregnancy and birth in the US. 我一直尝试提高人们对 有色人种非常不同的经历的注意, 特别是黑人妇女, 在美国的怀孕和分娩。
But when I tell people about these appalling statistics, 当我和人们提起这些令人惊讶的数据时,
appalling:adj.可怕的;令人震惊的;v.使惊愕;惊吓;(appal的现在分词)
I'm usually met with an assumption that it's about either poverty or lack of access to care. 我经常假定这和贫困或者 医疗系统不健全有关。
assumption:n.假定;设想;担任;采取; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
But it turns out, neither of these things tell the whole story. 但结果是,这些不是全部的原因。
Even middle-class black women still have much worse outcomes than their middle-class white counterparts . 甚至中产阶级的黑人孕妇也比白人孕妇 有更糟糕的健康状况。
middle-class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人;
The gap actually widens among this group. 差距在这个群组里变大。
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; widens:vt.放宽;vi.变宽;
And while access to care is definitely still a problem, even women of color who receive the recommended prenatal care still suffer from these high rates. 缺少基本医保肯定是问题之一, 但是即使是那些进行产前护理的妇女 也深受这些问题的困扰。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式) prenatal:adj.产前的;胎儿期的;[医]出生以前的;
And so we come back to the path from discrimination to stress to poor health, and it begins to paint a picture that many people of color know to be true: racism is actually making us sick. 所以总结一下就是 歧视导致压力,进而导致健康问题, 由此可以得出一件很多有色人种都知道的事情: 种族歧视真的在让我们生病。
racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见;
Still sound like a stretch ? 还是有点牵强？
stretch:v.伸展;延伸;伸出;舒展;n.伸展;弹性;舒展;一片;adj.有弹力的;
Consider this: immigrants , particularly black and Latina immigrants , actually have better health when they first arrive in the United States. 想想看,移民,特别是黑人和拉丁美洲裔, 在初次到达美国前的健康状况更好。
immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
But the longer they stay in this country, the worse their health becomes. 但是他们呆的越久,他们健康出现的问题越多。
People like me, born in the United States to Cuban immigrant parents, are actually more likely to have worse health than my grandparents did. 像我一样的人,出生在美国,父母是古巴移民, 比祖父母更有可能拥有更多的健康问题。
Cuban:n.古巴人;古巴产雪茄;adj.古巴的;
It's what researchers call "the immigrant paradox ," 这就是研究者所说的“移民的矛盾”,
paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事;
and it further illustrates that there's something in the US environment that is making us sick. 这进一步解释了 美国环境里有些东西 让我们生病。
illustrates:v.阐明;举例说明(illustrate的三单形式);给…加插图;
But here's the thing: this problem, that racism is making people of color, but especially black women and babies, sick, is vast. 但是, 种族歧视让有色人种 特别是黑人女人和婴儿生病的问题很普遍,
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
I could spend all of my time with you talking about it, but I won't, because I want to make sure to tell you about one solution . 这个问题我可以讨论很久,但是 今天我想要跟大家说的是一个解决方案。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And the good news is, it's a solution that isn't particularly expensive, and doesn't require any fancy drug treatments or new technologies . 好消息是,这是一个低成本的解决方案, 而且不需要任何昂贵的药物治疗, 或者新技术。
fancy:n.幻想; adj.想象的; v.想象; treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数) technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
The solution is called, "The JJ Way." 这个方案被称作“简宁的方法”。
Meet Jennie Joseph . 简宁·乔瑟夫,
Joseph:n.连帽大氅;
She's a midwife in the Orlando, Florida area who has been serving pregnant women for over a decade. 她是佛罗里达州奥兰多的一个助产士, 服务怀孕女人超过十年。
midwife:n.助产士;促成因素;vt.助胎儿出生;促成;
In what she calls her easy-access clinics , 在她所说的便捷诊所中,
clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式);
Jennie and her team provide prenatal care to over 600 women per year. 简宁和她的团队每年向超过600名妇女提供产前护理。
Her clients , most of whom are black, Haitian and Latina, deliver at the local hospital. 她的客户,大多数都是黑人、海地人和拉丁美洲裔, 在当地医院分娩。
clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数) Haitian:adj.海地的;海地人的;n.海地人;海地语;
But by providing accessible and respectful prenatal care, 通过提供便宜和高质量的产前护理,
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; respectful:adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的;
Jennie has achieved something remarkable : almost all of her clients give birth to healthy, full-term babies. 简宁实现了一些非凡的成就: 几乎所有的客户都生出了健康的婴儿。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的; give birth to:产生,造成;生孩子; full-term:adj.(怀孕)足月的;
Her method is deceptively simple. 她的方法非常简单。
deceptively:adv.迷惑地,骗人地;虚伪地;
Jennie says that all of her appointments start at the front desk . 简宁说所有预约都从前台开始,
appointments:n.约会;预约;约定;任命;委任;职位;(appointment的复数) front desk:n.总台;
Every member of her team, and every moment a women is at her clinic, is as supportive as possible. 她团队中的每一个人,从每位妇女到诊所的那个时刻 就会尽量的提供帮助。
supportive:adj.支持的;支援的;赞助的;
No one is turned away due to lack of funds . 没人会因为经济原因被拒绝。
funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金;
The JJ Way is to make the finances work no matter what the hurdles . 简宁的方法是抛开任何经济障碍提供帮助。
no matter what:不管什么…; hurdles:n.障碍;跨栏;跨栏跑;障碍赛跑(hurdle的复数);
No one is chastised for showing up late to their appointments. 没人因为预约迟到而被斥责。
chastised:vt.惩罚;严惩;责骂;
No one is talked down to or belittled . 没人被嘲讽或者被蔑视。
belittled:v.贬低;小看(belittle的过去分词和过去式)
Jennie's waiting room feels more like your aunt's living room than a clinic. 简宁的等候室比起一个诊所更像是你姑姑的客厅。
waiting room:na.候车室; living room:n.客厅;起居室;
She calls this space "a classroom in disguise ." 她称其为“有伪装的教室”。
disguise:v.掩饰;假装;隐瞒;n.伪装;假装;用作伪装的东西;
With the plush chairs arranged in a circle, women wait for their appointments in one-on-one chats with a staff educator, or in group prenatal classes. 舒适的椅子围成一圈, 孕妇们等候着跟医护人员 一对一的问诊, 或接受产前小组培训。
plush:adj.豪华的;长毛绒做的;舒服的;n.长毛绒; arranged:adj.安排的;v.安排;计划;准备(arrange的过去式和过去分词); one-on-one:adj.一对一的;直接对立的;adv.一对一;面对面;n.一对一的比赛;
When you finally are called back to your appointment, you are greeted by Alexis or Trina, two of Jennie's medical assistants. 当你的预约结束以后, 亚历克西斯和特瑞纳会向你问候, 她们是简宁的医疗助理。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Both are young, African-American and moms themselves. 她们都是年轻的非裔美籍母亲。
Their approach is casual and friendly. 她们所用的方式非常随意和友善。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
During one visit I observed , 在一次拜访中,我注意到
observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式);
Trina chatted with a young soon-to-be mom while she took her blood pressure. 特瑞纳在测量一位年轻准妈妈的 血压的时候在跟她聊天。
soon-to-be:即将成为…的;
This Latina mom was having trouble keeping food down due to nausea . 这个拉丁美洲裔女人因为恶心而无法进食。
nausea:n.恶心,晕船;极端的憎恶;
As Trina deflated the blood pressure cuff , she said, "We'll see about changing your prescription , OK? 当特瑞纳放开血压计的气闸时, 她说:“我们会看看如何改善你的药方,好吗？
deflated:adj.泄气的;v.抽气;使泄气(deflate的过去式和过去分词); cuff:n.袖口,裤子翻边; vt.给…上袖口; vi.殴斗,拳击; prescription:n.处方;药方;医生开的药;开处方;
We can't have you not eating." 我们不能让你不吃东西。”
That "we" is actually a really crucial aspect of Jennie's model. 那个“我们”是简宁方法的核心。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位;
She sees her staff as part of a team that, alongside the woman and her family, has one goal: get mom to term with a healthy baby. 她和她的员工组成的团队与孕妇及其家庭紧密合作, 为了一个目标而努力: 让这位母亲生出一个健康的宝宝。
Jennie says that Trina and Alexis are actually the center of her care model, and that her role as a provider is just to support their work. 简宁说特瑞纳和亚历克西斯其实是她方法的核心, 然而她的角色是支持她们的工作。
provider:n.供应者;养家者;
Trina spends a lot of her day on her cell phone, texting with clients about all sorts of things. 特瑞纳每天花很多时间在手机上, 她向客户发送各种短信。
One woman texted to ask if a medication she was prescribed at the hospital was OK to take while pregnant. 一位妇女发短信问医院开出的药方 能否在她怀孕的时候服用。
medication:n.药;药物; prescribed:v.给…开(药); (prescribe的过去式和过去分词)
The answer was no. 答案是不能。
Another woman texted with pictures of an infant born under Jennie's care. 另一位妇女向简宁发送婴儿的照片,是在简宁照料下的出生的婴儿。
Lastly, when you finally are called back to see the provider, you've already taken your own weight in the waiting room, and done your own pee test in the bathroom. 最后,当你（孕妇）去见医生的时候, 你已经在等候室测好了体重, 在卫生间做完了小便测试。
pee:n.小便;撒尿;v.撒尿;
This is a big departure from the traditional medical model, because it places responsibility and information back in the woman's hands. 这和传统医疗模型很不一样, 因为它将责任和数据 都交还给了孕妇。
departure:n.离开;出发;违背; traditional:传统的,惯例的,
So rather than a medical setting where you might be chastised for not keeping up with provider recommendations — the kind of settings often available to low-income women — 所以当你没有能够遵守医生的医嘱时, 在简宁这里你不会因此被斥责—— 这在低收入女性中很常见——
recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
Jennie's model is to be as supportive as possible. 简宁的模型是尽可能的支持。
And that support provides a crucial buffer to the stress of racism and discrimination facing these women every day. 这种支持提供了一个关键性的缓冲, 减缓了这些妇女因每天面对的种族歧视而获得的压力。
buffer:n.[计]缓冲区;缓冲器,[车辆]减震器;vt.缓冲;
But here's the best thing about Jennie's model: it's been incredibly successful. 但是简宁模型最出色的部分是 它出乎意料的非常成功。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
Remember those statistics I told you, that black women are more likely to give birth too early, to give birth to low birth weight babies, to even die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth? 还记得我告诉你的那些数据, 黑人妇女更有可能早产, 更有可能生出体重不达标的婴儿, 甚至更有可能因为怀孕与分娩而死亡？
Well, The JJ Way has almost entirely eliminated those problems, starting with what Jennie calls "skinny babies." 简宁的方法几乎可以解决所有这些问题, 从简宁称之为“瘦弱的婴儿”开始。
eliminated:v.排除;清除;消除;(比赛中)淘汰;消灭;(eliminate的过去式和过去分词)
She's been able to get almost all her clients to term with healthy, chunky babies like this one. 她已经能够解决几乎所有客户的健康问题 并生出像这样可爱的宝宝。
chunky:adj.矮胖的;粗短的;厚实的;
Audience: Aw! 观众:噢！
Miriam Zoila Pérez: This is a baby girl born to a client of Jennie's this past June. 米里亚姆·佐伊拉·佩亚雷斯:这一个女孩是 上个六月在简宁的诊所里出生。
A similar demographic of women in Jennie's area who gave birth at the same hospital her clients did were three times more likely to give birth to a baby below a healthy weight. 在简宁所在地区的同样条件的女人, 在同一个医院里分娩, 生出低于健康标准体重的婴儿的可能性比 简宁的诊所照料过的高出三倍。
demographic:adj.人口统计学的;人口学的;
Jennie is making headway into what has been seen for decades as an almost intractable problem. 简宁被认为是在几十年来最复杂的问题中 找到了解决方法。
headway:n.前进;进步;航行速度;间隔时间; intractable:adj.棘手的;难治的;倔强的;不听话的;
Some of you might be thinking, all this one-on-one attention that The JJ Way requires must be too expensive to scale . 你们可能会想, 简宁的这种一对一的关注 一定太昂贵而不能大范围运用。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
Well, you'd be wrong. 那你可错了。
The visit with the provider is not the center of Jennie's model, and for good reason. 一对一拜访并不是简宁模型的核心, 原因很简单。
Those visits are expensive, and in order to maintain her model, she's got to see a lot of clients to cover costs. 这些拜访很昂贵,为了维持她的模型, 她要见很多客户来平衡成本。
maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见);
But Jennie doesn't have to spend a ton of time with each woman, if all of the members of her team can provide the support, information and care that her clients need. 但是简宁并不需要在每个女人上花很多时间, 如果她团队的所有人都能够提供客户需要的 支持、信息和照顾。
The beauty of Jennie's model is that she actually believes it can be implemented in pretty much any health care setting. 简宁模型的优势是她真的相信 这能够推广到所有医疗保健中。
implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词) health care:n.卫生保健;
It's a revolution in care just waiting to happen. 这是一个未来医疗保健的革命。
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
These problems I've been sharing with you are big. 我分享给你们的这些问题复杂而又庞大。
They come from long histories of racism, classism , a society based on race and class stratification . 这些源于历史中的种族歧视、阶级歧视, 一个基于种族和阶级的社会。
classism:n.阶级歧视;阶级优越论; stratification:n.层理;成层;
They involve elaborate physiological mechanisms meant to protect us, that, when overstimulated, actually make us sick. 它们和用来保护我们的 系统有关, 但过度情况下,会让我们生病。
involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加; elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂; physiological:adj.生理学的,生理的; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
But if there's one thing I've learned from my work as a doula, it's that a little bit of unconditional support can go a really long way. 但是我从当孕妇保姆中学到一件事, 微小的无条件的支持可以带来巨大的改变。
unconditional:adj.无条件的;绝对的;无限制的;
History has shown that people are incredibly resilient , and while we can't eradicate racism or the stress that results from it overnight , we might just be able to create environments that provide a buffer to what people of color experience on a daily basis. 历史告诉我们人类的适应能力很强, 当我们无法解决种族歧视, 或者种族歧视产生的压力时, 我们也许能够创造一个缓冲的环境, 缓冲有色人种每天面对的困境。
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的; eradicate:vt.根除,根绝;消灭; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上;
And during pregnancy, that buffer can be an incredible tool towards shifting the impact of racism for generations to come. 在怀孕期间,这种缓冲可以非常有用, 能够有效的降低种族因素 对下一代的影响。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）