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MikedeGruy_2010Z-_我的章鱼情结_
I first became fascinated with octopus at an early age. 我第一次着迷于章鱼是在我童年的时候。
octopus:n.章鱼;
I grew up in Mobile , Alabama -- somebody's got to be from Mobile , right? -- and Mobile sits at the confluence of five rivers, forming this beautiful delta. 我在阿拉巴马州的莫比尔县长大。 我想在座的各位中也有人去过那里,是吗？ 莫比尔县位于五条河流的交汇处, 这就形成了这个美丽的三角洲。
Mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; Alabama:n.阿拉巴马州(美国州名); confluence:n.(河流的)汇合,汇流点;(人或物的)聚集;
And the delta has alligators crawling in and out of rivers filled with fish and cypress trees dripping with snakes, birds of every flavor . 短吻鳄在这个三角洲里 鱼儿丰富的河流中游荡 蛇从柏树的枝头垂下, 各种各样的鸟儿在枝头歌唱。
alligators:短吻鳄;短吻鳄皮革;鳄口式工具(alligator的复数); crawling:v.爬行;匍匐行进;(crawl的现在分词) cypress:n.[林]柏树,柏木属植物(原产北美,欧,亚);柏树枝(用作哀悼的标志); dripping:adj.湿淋淋的; n.(烤肉时渗出的)油; v.滴下; (drip的现在分词) flavor:n.情味,风味;香料;滋味;v.加味于;
It's an absolute magical wonderland to live in -- if you're a kid interested in animals, to grow up in. 这里绝对是一个充满魔力的仙境 如果你是一个喜爱野生动物的孩子的话。
wonderland:n.奇境,仙境;非常奇妙的地方;
And this delta water flows to Mobile Bay, and finally into the Gulf of Mexico. 这个三角洲的水流进莫比尔湾,最终汇入墨西哥湾。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; Gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没;
And I remember my first real contact with octopus was probably at age five or six. 我记得当我第一次接触章鱼 大约是在我五,六岁的时候。
contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
I was in the gulf, and I was swimming around and saw a little octopus on the bottom. 那时我正在海湾里游泳,看海底发现了一只小章鱼。
And I reached down and picked him up, and immediately became fascinated and impressed by its speed and its strength and agility . 我于是潜到海底捉住了它,刹那间 我就被它的速度,力量以及敏捷性所迷住了。
impressed:adj.印象深刻; v.使钦佩; (impress的过去分词和过去式) agility:n.敏捷;灵活;机敏;
It was prying my fingers apart and moving to the back of my hand. 它在我的指尖小心窥探,还爬到了我的手背上。
prying:adj.窥探的;爱刺探的;v.探听,打听,探查(隐私);(pry的现在分词)
It was all I could do to hold onto this amazing creature . 当时我完全被这个神奇的生物所镇住了。
hold onto:抓紧 creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人;
Then it sort of calmed down in the palms of my hands and started flashing colors, just pulsing all of these colors. 接着,它在我的掌心稍稍放松了一些 开始闪烁出不同的颜色, 就像是自身会发光一样,
palms:n.手掌,手心;棕榈植物(palm的复数);v.把…藏于手中(palm的第三人称单数); flashing:n.防雨板,盖片; v.闪光; (flash的现在分词) pulsing:adj.脉冲的;n.脉动;v.使跳动;搏动(pulse的ing形式);
And as I looked at it, it kind of tucked its arms under it, raised into a spherical shape and turned chocolate brown with two white stripes . 当我注视着它的时候,它将触角收缩到身体下面, 整个身体形成一个球形, 呈巧克力色,上面还有两条白色的花纹。
tucked:v.塞进,折叠,卷起;把…藏入;收藏;(tuck的过去分词和过去式) spherical:adj.球形的,球面的;天体的; stripes:n.条子布;条纹布(stripe复数形式);v.给…加条纹(stripe的三单形式);
I'm going, "My gosh!" I had never seen anything like this in my life! 我在心里想:“天哪！”,我还从未见过如此有意思的东西！
So I marveled for a moment, and then decided it was time to release him, so I put him down. 惊叹之余,我决定是时候将其放生了, 于是我将它放回水中。
marveled:n.奇迹;vt.对…感到惊异;vi.感到惊讶; release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与;
The octopus left my hands and then did the damnedest thing: 这只章鱼离开了我的手掌,做出了一件最令人惊叹的事情。
damnedest:n.最大努力;
It landed on the bottom in the rubble and -- fwoosh! -- vanished right before my eyes. 它停在碎石之上 然后--“呼”的一声--消失了！ 就在我的眼前。
rubble:n.碎石,碎砖;粗石堆; vanished:v.消失了;突然消失;消亡;绝迹;(vanish的过去分词和过去式)
And I knew, right then, at age six, that is an animal that I want to learn more about. So I did. 在那一刻,六岁的我意识到 那就是我想要了解更多的生物。我也确实那样做了。
And I went off to college and got a degree in marine zoology , and then moved to Hawaii and entered graduate school at the University of Hawaii. 我后来进了大学,取得了一个海洋生物学的学位, 来到夏威夷继续攻读研究生学位 在夏威夷大学。
marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; zoology:n.动物学;动物区系; graduate school:研究所,研究院;
And while a student at Hawaii, I worked at the Waikiki Aquarium . 作为一名学生,我同时在夏威夷的威基寄水族馆里兼职。
Waikiki:n.威基基海滩(美国夏威夷州); Aquarium:n.水族馆;养鱼池;玻璃缸;
And the aquarium had a lot of big fish tanks but not a lot of invertebrate displays , and being the spineless guy, I thought, well 这个水族馆里面有许多巨大的水族箱, 但是所展示的无脊椎动物并不多, 所以作为一名无脊椎动物的粉丝,我想,
invertebrate:adj.无脊椎的;无骨气的;n.无脊椎动物;无骨气的人; displays:v.陈列; n.陈列; spineless:adj.没有骨气的;无脊椎的;懦弱的;
I'll just go out in the field and collect these wonderful animals 我应该自己出去收集这些神奇的生物
I had been learning about as a student and bring them in, and I built these elaborate sets and put them on display . 它们是我在学生时期长期研究的东西 并且把它们带到这里,透过这些精美的水族箱展现给大家。
elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂; on display:展览,公开展出;
Now, the fish in the tanks were gorgeous to look at, but they didn't really interact with people. 虽然目前那些水族箱里面的鱼儿们看上去美极了, 但是它们与我们人类并没有真正的交流。
gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
But the octopus did. 但是章鱼就有。
If you walked up to an octopus tank, especially early in the morning before anyone arrived, the octopus would rise up and look at you and you're thinking, "Is that guy really looking at me? He is looking at me!" 如果你走向一个养着章鱼的水族箱, 特别是在还没有人来的清晨, 章鱼就会浮起来看着你 你会猜测,“它真的是在看我吗？原来它确实是在盯着我！”
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
And you walk up to the front of the tank. Then you realize that these animals all have different personalities : 当你走到水族箱前面,你就会发现 这些章鱼们的性格各不相同。
personalities:n.性格;个性;人格;气质;名人;(personality的复数)
Some of them would hold their ground, others would slink into the back of the tank and disappear in the rocks, and one in particular , this amazing animal ... 其中的一些喜欢守着自己的地盘, 其他的一些会潜到水族箱的背面,隐藏在岩石之中。 其中有一只最为特别,
slink:vi.溜走;偷偷摸摸地走;n.早产的小牛;鬼鬼祟祟的人;adj.不足月的(小牛等) disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在; in particular:尤其,特别;
I went up to the front of the tank, and he's just staring at me, and he had little horns come up above his eyes. 当我走到水族箱前面的时候,他正在凝视着我。 章鱼的眼睛结构特殊,
staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词) horns:n.喇叭; v.截锯…的角;
So I went right up to the front of the tank -- 所以当我出现在水族箱前面的时候,
I was three or four inches from the front glass -- and the octopus was sitting on a perch , a little rock, and he came off the rock and he also came down right to the front of the glass. 在它看来我离它只有三到四英寸远。 这只章鱼当时正栖息在一块小岩石上, 它滑下岩石并且游到水族箱的玻璃前面
perch:n.鲈鱼;高处;(鸟的)栖息处;高座;v.栖息;停留;置于(顶上或边上);
So I was staring at this animal about six or seven inches away, and at that time I could actually focus that close; now as I look at my fuzzy fingers I realize those days are long gone. 所以我得以在离它六到七英寸的地方近距离观察这只动物, 那时我离它是如此的近, 直到今天,当我注视自己手掌的时候,我还能够回忆起当时的情景。
fuzzy:adj.模糊的;失真的;有绒毛的;
Anyway, there we were, staring at each other, and he reaches down and grabs an armful of gravel and releases it in the jet of water entering the tank from the filtration system, and -- chk chk chk chk chk! -- this gravel hits the front of the glass and falls down. 当时我们相互凝视着对方, 它沉到池底捧起一捧碎石 把它们撒到水族箱的出水口处 这个出水口通向水族箱的过滤系统, 碎石被弹起,撞上前面的玻璃并滑落下来,发出“哧,哧,哧”的声音。
grabs:n.链钩(grab的复数);v.抓取;捕获(grab的第三人称单数); armful:n.一抱之量;双手合抱量; gravel:n.碎石;砂砾;vt.用碎石铺;使船搁浅在沙滩上;使困惑; releases:n.释放; vt.释放; filtration:n.过滤;筛选;
He reaches up, takes another armful of gravel, releases it -- chk chk chk chk chk! -- same thing. 接着它又抬起身,捧起另一捧碎石,把它们撒了下去... 同样又发出了“哧,哧,哧”的声音。
Then he lifts another arm and I lift an arm. 然后它抬起一只触须,于是我也抬起一只臂膀。
Then he lifts another arm and I lift another arm. 接着它又抬起另一只,我也抬起了另一只胳膊。
And then I realize the octopus won the arms race , because I was out and he had six left. (Laughter) 我忽然意识到在这样一场比赛中我永远不是章鱼的对手, 因为我一共只有两只胳膊,而它还剩下六只呢。
arms race:n.军备竞赛;
But the only way I can describe what I was seeing that day was that this octopus was playing, which is a pretty sophisticated behavior for a mere invertebrate. 但是我想通过这件事告诉你们的就是 这只章鱼当时正在玩耍, 这对于无脊椎动物而言是一种相当复杂的行为。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘;
So, about three years into my degree, a funny thing happened on the way to the office, which actually changed the course of my life. 受此启发,在我攻读学位的三年期间, 一件有趣的事情发生了, 它大大的改变了我的人生轨迹。
A man came into the aquarium. It's a long story, but essentially he sent me and a couple of friends of mine to the South Pacific to collect animals for him, and as we left, he gave us two 16-millimeter movie cameras. 水族馆里来了一位客人。 他让我和我的几个朋友们去南太平洋, 为他收集一些动物, 当我们准备动身的时候,他交给我们两台16毫米镜头的摄像机。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
He said, "Make a movie about this expedition ." 他说:“把这次的探险拍摄成电影吧。”
expedition:n.远征;探险队;迅速;
'"OK, a couple of biologists making a movie -- this'll be interesting," 那好吧,几个生物学家来拍摄一部电影-- 这一定会非常有趣的。
biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数);
and off we went. And we did, we made a movie, which had to be the worst movie ever made in the history of movie making, but it was a blast . I had so much fun. 之后我们也确实这样做了,我们拍摄了一部电影, 虽然它也许算得上是一部最差的电影了 在电影史上。 但是对我而言却非常的震撼,我觉得这太有趣了。
blast:n.爆炸; v.爆破;
And I remember that proverbial light going off in my head, thinking, "Wait a minute. 我记得当时脑海中灵光一闪, 我想:“等一下,
proverbial:adj.谚语的;众所周知的;谚语式的;
Maybe I can do this all the time. 也许我可以永远从事这个职业。
Yeah, I'll be a filmmaker ." 对,我想要成为一名摄影师。”
filmmaker:n.电影制作人;电影摄制者;
So I literally came back from that job, quit school , hung my filmmaking shingle and just never told anyone that I didn't know what I was doing. 所以我在完成这次的探险之后, 就离开了学校,干起了摄影师这一行 我从来没有告诉过别人其实当时连我自己都不知道我在做什么。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: quit school:休学,退学; filmmaking:n.制片,电影摄制; shingle:n.墙面板; vt.用盖板覆盖;
It's been a good ride. 这是一段美好的经历。
And what I learned in school though was really beneficial . 当然,我在学校里所学习的东西真的让我受益匪浅。
beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的;
If you're a wildlife filmmaker and you're going out into the field to film animals, especially behavior, it helps to have a fundamental background on who these animals are, how they work and, you know, a bit about their behaviors. 作为一名野生动物摄影师 你需要去野外拍摄野生动物, 特别是它们的生活习性, 学校里学习的知识给我打下了基础 涉及到如何辨别动物的种类, 以及它们的一些生活习性。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
But where I really learned about octopus was in the field, as a filmmaker making films with them, where you're allowed to spend large periods of time with the animals, seeing octopus being octopus in their ocean homes. 但是我开始真正了解章鱼 是在成为一名摄影师之后, 当你拍摄它们的时候, 你需要花费大量的时间 与它们呆在一起,仔细的观察它们 在它们的世界里。
I remember I took a trip to Australia, went to an island called One Tree Island. 我记得我有一次去澳大利亚, 到了一个被称为一树岛的岛屿。
And apparently , evolution had occurred at a pretty rapid rate on One Tree, between the time they named it and the time I arrived, because I'm sure there were at least three trees on that island when we were there. 其实, 这个岛屿上生物的进化速度还是相当快的, 如果按照它的名字来推断的话, 因为我可以肯定岛上至少有三棵树 当我们到达那里的时候。
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式)
Anyway, one tree is situated right next to a beautiful coral reef . 一树岛坐落于 一块美丽的珊瑚礁附近。
situated:adj.位于…的;处于…境遇的;v.使位于;使处于;(situate的过去分词和过去式) coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的; reef:礁,礁脉
In fact, there's a surge channel where the tide is moving back and forth , twice a day, pretty rapidly. 事实上那里有一条汹涌的海峡 一天涨潮两次,相当的频繁,
surge:n.汹涌;大浪,波涛;汹涌澎湃;巨涌;v.汹涌;起大浪,蜂拥而来; tide:n.潮汐; v.顺应潮水航行; back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的;
And there's a beautiful reef, very complex reef, with lots of animals, including a lot of octopus. 那里有美丽的珊瑚礁 结构复杂,是许多动物的栖息之地, 包括许多的章鱼。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
And not uniquely but certainly, the octopus in Australia are masters at camouflage . 并且, 澳大利亚的章鱼种类虽然不独特, 但是它们无疑是伪装高手。
uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地; camouflage:n.伪装,掩饰;vt.伪装,掩饰;vi.伪装起来;
As a matter of fact , there's one right there. 事实上, 那里就有一只。
As a matter of fact:事实上;
So our first challenge was to find these things, and that was a challenge, indeed. 所以我们的第一个任务就是去找到它们, 这确实是一个挑战。
But the idea is, we were there for a month and I wanted to acclimate the animals to us so that we could see behaviors without disturbing them. 我们的想法是:我们才刚刚到这里一个月的时间, 我希望让这些动物适应我们的存在。 这样我们就可以在不打扰它们的前提下观察到它们的行为。
acclimate:v.使适应新环境;顺应,驯化;使逐步变得耐寒; disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
So the first week was pretty much spent just getting as close as we could, every day a little closer, a little closer, a little closer. 所以我们第一个星期花费了比较多的时间 去尽可能的接近它们, 每天一点点,一点点,一点点,
And you knew what the limit was: they would start getting twitchy and you'd back up, come back in a few hours. 这样你就可以知道它们会觉得紧张的边界在哪里, 这时你就得退回来,呆上几个小时,
twitchy:adj.焦急的;焦躁不安的,神经紧张的;痉挛的;
And after the first week, they ignored us. 第一个星期之后,它们就已经无视我们的存在了。
ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式)
It was like, "I don't know what that thing is, but he's no threat to me." 它们可能会想:“我虽然搞不清那些是什么东西,但是它们不会伤害到我。”
So they went on about their business and from a foot away, we're watching mating and courting and fighting and it is just an unbelievable experience. 所以章鱼们就开始做自己的事情了。 我们得以近距离的观察它们交配 求偶和搏斗 这是一次令人难以置信的经历。
mating:n.交尾;交配;v.交配;交尾;使交配;(mate的现在分词) unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
And one of the most fantastic displays that I remember, or at least visually , was a foraging behavior. 我记得其中一个最神奇的景象 至少是可见的景象, 是它们的觅食行为。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地; foraging:n.觅食(forage的ing形式);觅食力;
And they had a lot of different techniques that they would use for foraging, but this particular one used vision . 它们利用各种不同的技巧 来帮助它们觅食。 特别是它们敏锐的视力。
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
And they would see a coral head, maybe 10 feet away, and start moving over toward that coral head. 它们注意到一块珊瑚礁 差不多有十英尺远 并且开始向那里移动。
And I don't know whether they actually saw crab in it, or imagined that one might be, but whatever the case, they would leap off the bottom and go through the water and land right on top of this coral head, and then the web between the arms would completely engulf the coral head, and they would fish out, swim for crabs . 我不知道它们是否看到了一只藏匿其中的螃蟹,或者是猜测到其中可能有一只, 但是无论如何,它们会浮起来 顺着水流稳稳地停在那块珊瑚礁上面, 接着触须之间的网状物 会完全包裹住这块珊瑚礁, 然后摸索出里面的螃蟹。
leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲; engulf:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽; crabs:n.蟹类;吊钳;脾气坏的人(crab的复数);v.捕蟹;抱怨;侧航(crab的三单形式);
And as soon as the crabs touched the arm, it was lights out. 只要螃蟹一旦碰到这些触须,它就难逃一死了。
as soon as:一…就;
And I always wondered what happened under that web. 我一直想知道在那张网的里面究竟发生了什么。
So we created a way to find out, (Laughter) 所以我们想出了一种方法来查明真相。
and I got my first look at that famous beak in action. 这是我第一次观察到它们利用那著名的钩型嘴捕食的样子。
beak:n.[鸟]鸟嘴;鹰钩鼻子;地方执法官;男教师;
It was fantastic. 实在是太神奇了。
If you're going to make a lot of films about a particular group of animals, you might as well pick one that's fairly common. 如果你想要拍摄一系列关于不同动物的纪录片, 你可能也需要首先选择一种相当常见的动物。
might as well:不妨,何妨;还是…的好; fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直;
And octopus are, they live in all the oceans. 章鱼就是一种:它们的分布面积广,
They also live deep. 并且居住在深水区。
And I can't say octopus are responsible for my really strong interest in getting in subs and going deep, but whatever the case, I like that. 我虽然不想承认 观察章鱼是我渴望 潜入大海的原因, 但是无论如何,我喜欢潜水。
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; subs:n.潜艇;地铁;替补队员(sub的复数);v.替代(sub的三单形式);
It's like nothing you've ever done. 这就像开始了一段全新的旅程。
If you ever really want to get away from it all and see something that you have never seen, and have an excellent chance of seeing something no one has ever seen, get in a sub. 如果你愿意抛开一切 去见识一些你从未见识过的东西, 得到一次绝好的机会去认识 一些从未被人认识过的东西,那就去潜水吧。
You climb in, seal the hatch , turn on a little oxygen, turn on the scrubber , which removes the CO2 in the air you breathe, and they chuck you overboard . 你穿上潜水服,把自己密封起来,打开一点点氧气, 打开过滤器, 它可以清除掉你呼出的二氧化碳,为你带来保护。
hatch:n.孵化;舱口;v.孵;策划;孵化; scrubber:n.[化工]洗涤器;洗刷者;刷子; chuck:n.卡盘;夹头;辞退;(牛等的)颈肉;v.放弃;[机]用卡盘夹紧;(口语)抛出,逐出; overboard:adv.自船上落下;向船外;adj.极其热心的;全身心投入的;
Down you go. There's no connection to the surface apart from a pretty funky radio. 潜下去吧,那是一个和地面没有关联的世界 除了相当特别的无线电信号。
funky:adj.时髦的;畏缩的;恶臭的;
And as you go down, the washing machine at the surface calms down. 当你潜入大海的时候, 水面上的清洗装置安静下来了。
washing machine:洗衣机,洗涤机;
And it gets quiet. 四周非常的宁静。
And it starts getting really nice. 你会感觉非常的棒。
And as you go deeper, that lovely, blue water you were launched in gives way to darker and darker blue. 随着你越潜越深, 海水的蓝色也变得越来越深。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词)
And finally, it's a rich lavender , and after a couple of thousand feet, it's ink black. 最终变成一种饱满的淡紫色, 几千英尺深之后,已经变成墨黑色了。
lavender:n.薰衣草;淡紫色;adj.淡紫色的;vt.用熏衣草熏;
And now you've entered the realm of the mid-water community . 此时你已经潜入了 大海的中部。
realm:n.领域,范围;王国; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
You could give an entire talk about the creatures that live in the mid-water. 你可以举出很多例子 关于那些栖息在海洋中部的生物。
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
Suffice to say though, as far as I'm concerned , without question , the most bizarre designs and outrageous behaviors are in the animals that live in the mid-water community. 足够可以说明 虽然毫无疑问,世界上最怪诞的 以及最骇人的动物 大都生活在这里,
Suffice:vt.使满足;足够…用;合格;vi.足够;有能力; as far as:至于…; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) without question:毫无疑问; bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等); outrageous:adj.粗暴的;可恶的;令人吃惊的;
But we're just going to zip right past this area, this area that includes about 95 percent of the living space on our planet and go to the mid-ocean ridge , which I think is even more extraordinary . 但是我们所认识到的远远不止这些, 这里包含了我们地球上 大约百分之九十五的生存空间 那里我认为更为特别的海脊。
mid-ocean:adj.海洋中部的;n.海中央; ridge:n.山脊;山脉;屋脊;vt.使成脊状;作垄;vi.成脊状; extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
The mid-ocean ridge is a huge mountain range, 40,000 miles long, snaking around the entire globe. 海洋中部的海脊是一条巨大的山脉, 有4000英里长,蜿蜒环绕整个地球。
And they're big mountains, thousands of feet tall, some of which are tens of thousands of feet and bust through the surface, creating islands like Hawaii. 它们是庞大的山峦,有几千英尺高, 其中的一些甚至高达成千上万英尺 穿出了水面, 夏威夷岛就是这样形成的。
bust:n.(石或金属的)半身像; v.打破; adj.破碎;
And the top of this mountain range is splitting apart, creating a rift valley . 这个山脉的顶端 炸裂开来,形成了一个地堑。
rift valley:n.地堑;裂谷;
And when you dive into that rift valley, that's where the action is because literally thousands of active volcanoes are going off at any point in time all along this 40,000 mile range. 当你潜入那个地堑中,你将来到一个非常刺激的地方 因为理论上讲,数以千计的活火山 在任何时候都有可能爆发, 所有这4000英尺的范围。
dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动); volcanoes:n.火山爆发,火山;火山群(volcano复数);
And as these tectonic plates are spreading apart, magma , lava is coming up and filling those gaps , and you're looking land -- new land -- being created right before your eyes. 当这些构造板块分裂开来的时候, 岩浆,熔岩会涌上来填满这些裂缝。 所以你就可以亲眼目睹 新大陆在你眼前生成。
tectonic:adj.[地质]构造的;建筑的;地壳构造上的; magma:n.[地质]岩浆;糊剂; lava:n.火山岩浆;火山所喷出的熔岩; gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式);
And over the tops of them is 3,000 to 4,000 meters of water creating enormous pressure, forcing water down through the cracks toward the center of the earth, until it hits a magma chamber where it becomes superheated and supersaturated with minerals , 在它们的顶端是三到四千米深的水, 这形成的巨大的压力 会使水流沿着裂缝流向地球的中心, 直到遇到岩浆储源, 在那里它会被加热 充分的被矿物质所浸透,
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; water down:在…中搀水冲淡;稀释; cracks:n.裂纹; v.破裂; (crack的第三人称单数和复数) chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛; adj.室内的; vt.把…关在室内; superheated:adj.过热的,过热蒸汽;v.过热化(superheat的过去分词); supersaturated:adj.[化学]过饱和的;v.使过饱和(supersaturate的过去分词); minerals:n.矿物;矿产,矿产品(mineral的复数);矿物质;
reverses its flow and starts shooting back to the surface and is ejected out of the earth like a geyser at Yellowstone. 开始逆流并且向地面喷射, 被喷出地表,就像是黄石公园的地热喷泉。
reverses:n.相反的情况(或事物); v.颠倒; (reverse的第三人称单数和复数) ejected:adj.射出的;被驱逐的;被放出的;v.喷射;驱逐(eject的过去分词); geyser:n.喷泉;[水文]间歇泉;(英)烧水锅炉;
In fact, this whole area is like a Yellowstone National Park with all of the trimmings . 事实上,这整块地区 就像是整个的黄石国家森林公园。
National Park:n.国家公园; trimmings:n.香肠原料肉(trimming复数形式);
And this vent fluid is about 600 or 700 degrees F. 喷出的水流大约有600到700华氏温度。
vent:n.(感情的)发泄; vt.发泄感情; vi.放出; (通过排泄等)减轻压力; fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体;
The surrounding water is just a couple of degrees above freezing. 而周围的水温只有零上几度。
So it immediately cools, and it can no longer hold in suspension all of the material that it's dissolved , and it precipitates out, forming black smoke. 所以它立刻就被冷却了, 不再蒸发 其中所溶解的所有物质, 以及所沉淀的东西,都形成了黑烟。
suspension:n.悬浮;暂停;停职; dissolved:v.溶;使(固体)溶解;解除;终止;(dissolve的过去式和过去分词) precipitates:n.[化学]沉淀物(precipitate的复数);v.使…沉淀(precipitate的单三形式);
And it forms these towers, these chimneys that are 10, 20, 30 feet tall. 这就形成了一些塔型和烟囱型的东西 它们有10,20甚至30英尺高。
chimneys:n.烟囱;烟囱型;灯罩(chimney的复数形式);
And all along the sides of these chimneys is shimmering with heat and loaded with life. 并且沿着这些烟柱的边缘 微微发出热量,孕育着生命。
shimmering:adj.闪烁的;微微发亮的;v.闪耀(shimmer进行式);
You've got black smokers going all over the place and chimneys that have tube worms that might be eight to 10 feet long. 你已经了解所有地方的海底黑烟柱附近 都生活着管状蠕虫 它们可能有八到十英尺长。
worms:n.蠕虫;寄生虫;幼虫;v.蠕动,曲折行进;(worm的第三人称单数和复数)
And out of the tops of these tube worms are these beautiful red plumes . 在这些管状蠕虫的上面 是美丽的红色烟缕。
plumes:羽状物;
And living amongst the tangle of tube worms is an entire community of animals: shrimp , fish, lobsters , crab, clams and swarms of arthropods that are playing that dangerous game between over here is scalding hot and freezing cold. 生活在管状蠕虫周围的 是一个完整的动物群落, 例如虾,鱼,龙虾,螃蟹, 蛤蜊以及大群的浮游生物 它们在进行十分危险的游戏 在沸水和冷水之间徘徊。
amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among); tangle:n.纠纷;混乱状态;vt.使纠缠;处于混乱状态;vi.缠结;乱作一团; shrimp:n.虾;小虾;矮小的人;vi.捕虾;adj.有虾的;虾制的; lobsters:n.龙虾;(供食用的)龙虾肉;(lobster的复数) clams:n.蛤蚌;沉默寡言的人(clam的复数形式); swarms:n.(昆虫等)群;[蜂]蜂群(swarm的复数);v.蜂拥;云集(swarm的第三人称单数); arthropods:n.[无脊椎]节肢动物(arthropod的复数); scalding:adj.滚烫的;灼热的;v.烫伤;(scald的现在分词)
And this whole ecosystem wasn't even known about until 33 years ago. 整个这个生态系统 尚未被人所知 直到33年之前。
ecosystem:n.生态系统;
And it completely threw science on its head. 它的存在完全推翻了之前的科学依据。
It made scientists rethink where life on Earth might have actually begun. 促使科学家们反思 地球上生命的起源究竟是在哪里。
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
And before the discovery of these vents , all life on Earth, the key to life on Earth, was believed to be the sun and photosynthesis . 在发现这些深海热泉以前, 地球上所有生命的核心, 都被认为依赖于太阳,依赖于光合作用,
vents:n.[矿业]通风孔(vent的复数);排空(气)阀;通风管;管乐类; photosynthesis:n.光合作用;
But down there, there is no sun, there is no photosynthesis; it's chemosynthetic environment down there driving it, and it's all so ephemeral . 但是在大海深处,那里没有阳光, 所以也不存在着光合作用。 那里是一个化学合成的环境, 生命是如此的短暂。
chemosynthetic:adj.化学合成的; ephemeral:adj.短暂的;朝生暮死的;n.只生存一天的事物;
You might film this unbelievable hydrothermal vent, which you think at the time has to be on another planet. 当你拍摄下这个 令人难以置信的深海热液喷口的时候, 你会觉得仿佛置身于另一个星球之上。
hydrothermal:adj.[地质]热液的;热水的;
It's amazing to think that this is actually on earth; it looks like aliens in an alien environment. 但是它却存在于地球,这真是太神奇了。 就像是在一个陌生的环境中看到了外星生物。
But you go back to the same vent eight years later and it can be completely dead. 但是如果你八年后再次回到这个热液喷口, 它可能已经彻底死亡了。
There's no hot water. 不再有热水涌出。
All of the animals are gone, they're dead, and the chimneys are still there creating a really nice ghost town , an eerie , spooky ghost town , but essentially devoid of animals, of course. 所有的生物都消失了。 但是烟囱型的喷口还留在那里 形成了一个非常神奇的鬼镇, 一个怪诞的,幽灵般的鬼镇, 没有任何生命的存在。
ghost town:鬼镇;废弃的城市; eerie:adj.可怕的;怪异的; spooky:adj.幽灵般的;有鬼般的;令人毛骨悚然的; devoid:adj.缺乏的;全无的;
But 10 miles down the ridge... 但是在这条海脊10英里以下的地方...
pshhh! There's another volcano going. 天哪！那有有另一个火山在喷发。
And there's a whole new hydrothermal vent community that has been formed. 并且已经形成了一整个新的热液喷口生命群落。
And this kind of life and death of hydrothermal vent communities is going on every 30 or 40 years all along the ridge. 这种生命群落的生命周期 约为30到40年 在所有这些海脊中。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And that ephemeral nature of the hydrothermal vent community isn't really different from some of the areas that I've seen in 35 years of traveling around, making films. 在那个朝生暮死的自然环境里 那些热液喷口生命群落 与我之前看到的 并没有真正的区别 在我35年周游世界的拍摄生涯之中。
Where you go and film a really nice sequence at a bay. 当你出去拍摄一个非常棒的海湾
sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
And you go back, and I'm at home, and I'm thinking, "Okay, what can I shoot ... 结束之后,回到家里, 你就会想:“很好,我看到它们了。
Ah! I know where I can shoot that. 啊,我知道在哪儿我可以拍摄到它们。
There's this beautiful bay, lots of soft corals and stomatopods." 这真是一个美丽的海湾,有着许多软体珊瑚和甲壳类生物。”
corals:n.[无脊椎]珊瑚(coral的复数);
And you show up, and it's dead. 而当你再次出现的时候,它们已经死了
There's no coral, algae growing on it, and the water's pea soup. 没有珊瑚,没有藻类,海水变得浑浊。
algae:n.[植]藻类;[植]海藻;
You think, "Well, what happened?" 你会思考:“到底发生了什么？”
And you turn around, and there's a hillside behind you with a neighborhood going in, and bulldozers are pushing piles of soil back and forth. 当你转过身, 看见身后有一个山坡,上面是住宅区, 推土机正在来回的推土。
hillside:n.山坡,山腹;山腰; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的; bulldozers:n.[机]推土机(bulldozer的复数形式); piles:n.痔疮;痔;
And over here there's a golf course going in. 在那里 即将兴建一座高尔夫球场。
golf course:n.高尔夫球场;
And this is the tropics . 这里是热带
tropics:n.热带地区;
It's raining like crazy here. 经常会有暴雨降临。
like crazy:拼命地;发疯似的;
So this rainwater is flooding down the hillside, carrying with it sediments from the construction site , smothering the coral and killing it. 所以雨水淹没了山坡, 夹带着建筑工地里的沉积物, 让让珊瑚礁窒息,置它们于死地。
rainwater:n.雨水;软水; sediments:n.[地质]沉积物,[化学]沉淀物(sediment的复数); v.沉积(sediment的第三人称单数); construction site:na.建筑工地; smothering:n.窒息;v.窒息(smother的现在分词);
And fertilizers and pesticides are flowing into the bay from the golf course -- the pesticides killing all the larvae and little animals, fertilizer creating this beautiful plankton bloom -- and there's your pea soup. 化肥和农药 从高尔夫球场流入这个海湾。 杀虫剂杀死了所有的幼虫和小动物, 化肥造成了浮游生物的大量繁殖。 使得海水呈现出浓豌豆汤似的浑浊状态。
fertilizers:n.[肥料]肥料(fertilizer的复数形式);化肥;底肥; pesticides:n.[农药]农药;[农药]杀虫剂(pesticide的复数); larvae:n.幼虫;幼体(larva的复数形式); plankton:n.浮游生物(总称); bloom:v.盛开;开花;繁殖;繁盛;n.水华;风华正茂;霜;青春;
But, encouragingly , I've seen just the opposite. 但是,令人鼓舞的是,我也注意到了一些好的现象。
encouragingly:adv.鼓励地;勉励人地;
I've been to a place that was a pretty trashed bay. 我曾经去过一个被人为破坏了的海湾。
trashed:v.损坏;抨击;谴责;丢弃;(trash的过去分词和过去式)
And I looked at it, just said, " Yuck ," 我当时看着它,叹了一口气“太糟糕了”
Yuck:难吃;讨厌;恶心
and go and work on the other side of the island. 就去了岛屿的另一边进行工作。
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
Five years later, come back, and that same bay is now gorgeous. It's beautiful. 五年之后,我又回到了这个地方, 就是当初那一个海滩,她变得棒极了,非常漂亮。
It's got living coral, fish all over the place, crystal clear water, and you go, "How did that happen?" 到处都是活着的珊瑚礁和鱼儿, 和清澈的海水,你不禁会问:“究竟发生过什么？”
crystal clear:adj.透明如水晶的;易懂的;非常清楚的;
Well, how it happened is the local community galvanized . 这一切都要归功于 当地社区所付出的努力。
galvanized:adj.镀锌的,电镀的;v.电镀;刺激(galvanize的过去式和过去分词形式);
They recognized what was happening on the hillside and put a stop to it; enacted laws and made permits required to do responsible construction and golf course maintenance and stopped the sediments flowing into the bay, and stopped the chemicals flowing into the bay, and the bay recovered. 他们意识到了发生在山坡上的一切,并且进行了阻止, 颁布了法令并且进行执照许可 进行负责任的重建工作 以及高尔夫球场的维修保养 同时阻止了沉淀物不断流入海湾, 还堵住了流入海湾的化学品, 所以这个海湾获得了重生。
recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) enacted:n.制定,颁布; maintenance:n.维护,维修;保持;生活费用; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数)
The ocean has an amazing ability to recover, if we'll just leave it alone. 海洋拥有神奇的能力 进行自我修复,如果我们给它这样的机会。
I think Margaret Mead said it best. 我认为Margaret Mead的话 让我感触很深。
Mead:n.蜂蜜酒;草地;
She said that a small group of thoughtful people could change the world. 她说一小部分有思想的人们 能够有能力改变这个世界。
thoughtful:adj.深思的;体贴的;关切的;
Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has. 的确,这是一个真理。
And a small group of thoughtful people changed that bay. 正是有了那一小部分有思想的民众 改变了那个海湾。
I'm a big fan of grassroots organizations . 我十分坚信普通民众们的力量。
grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的;n.草根;基础; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
I've been to a lot of lectures where, at the end of it, inevitably , one of the first questions that comes up is, "But, but what can I do? 我参加过许多的演讲 在每次演讲结束时 人们首先提出的几个问题之一就是 “但是,我可以做些什么呢？
inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地;
I'm an individual . I'm one person. 我只是一个个体,我只有一个人。
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
And these problems are so large and global , and it's just overwhelming ." 而这些问题是如此的大和全球性,并且看上去势不可挡。”
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; overwhelming:adj.势不可挡的; v.压倒; (overwhelm的现在分词)
Fair enough question. 这是一个非常好的问题。
Fair enough:同意或接受但有所保留;
My answer to that is don't look at the big, overwhelming issues of the world. 我的回答就是 不要把它们看做是巨大而难以解决的全球性问题。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Look in your own backyard . 可以站在你自己的立场来看待它们。
backyard:n.后院;后庭;
Look in your heart, actually. 认真的审视你的内心。
What do you really care about that isn't right where you live? 你所真正关心的事情并不仅仅局限于你所居住的地方。
And fix it. 开始去实践他。
Create a healing zone in your neighborhood and encourage others to do the same. 在你生活的周围创造出一个可以循环利用的环境 并且鼓励别人也这样做。
healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词)
And maybe these healing zones can sprinkle a map, little dots on a map. 也许这些得以循环的小环境 能够在地图上形成一些小的点。
sprinkle:v.撒;洒;把…撒(或洒)在…上;用…点缀;下小雨;n.小雨;
And in fact, the way that we can communicate today -- where Alaska is instantly knowing what's going on in China, and the Kiwis did this, and then over in England they tried to ... 事实上,当今世界的通讯技术如此发达, 身在阿拉斯加,就能立刻知道发生在中国的事情, 新西兰人正在做什么以及在英国人们正在打算干什么...
Kiwis:n.猕猴桃(kiwi的复数);
and everybody is talking to everyone else -- it's not isolated points on a map anymore, it's a network we've created. 每一个人都可以与身在别处的人们交谈。 我们不再是地图上面孤立的点, 我们已经建立起来了一个网络。
isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
And maybe these healing zones can start growing, and possibly even overlap , and good things can happen. 这样这些可循环的系统就能够开始成长, 甚至可能重叠起来,成就一番事业。
overlap:n.重叠;重复;v.部分重叠;与…同时发生;
So that's how I answer that question. 这就是我对这个问题的回答。
Look in your own backyard, in fact, look in the mirror. 站在你自己的立场上面想一想,换句话说,审视你自己。
What can you do that is more responsible than what you're doing now? 你究竟能够负起什么样的责任 对于你正在从事的事情？
And do that, and spread the word. 就这样做下去,并且把它传播开来。
The vent community animals can't really do much about the life and death that's going on where they live, but up here we can. 那些在热液喷口生活着的动物们 无能为力 对于自己的生死 所以它们别无选择,但是我们可以。
In theory, we're thinking, rational human beings. 从理论上说,我们能够思考,我们是理性的人类。
rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的;
And we can make changes to our behavior that will influence and affect the environment, like those people changed the health of that bay. 我们可以改变我们自身的行为方式 最终影响周围的环境, 正如那些让海湾重获新生的人们。
influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
Now, Sylvia's TED Prize wish was to beseech us to do anything we could, everything we could, to set aside not pin pricks , but significant expanses of the ocean for preservation , "hope spots," she calls them. Sylvia的TED演讲获奖感言 是恳请我们尽自己所能, 做任何可以做的事情, 去阻止,而非加剧, 并且大力传播 保护海洋的意识, 她称他们为“希望之点”,
beseech:vt.恳求,哀求;乞求,急切地要求得到; pricks:vt.刺,戳; n.刺,扎; vi.刺; adj.竖起的; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; expanses:n.宽阔;广阔的区域;苍天;膨胀扩张; preservation:n.保存,保留;
And I applaud that. I loudly applaud that. 我为这个提议鼓掌,大声的鼓掌。
applaud:v.欢呼;赞成;
And it's my hope that some of these "hope spots" 我希望这些“希望之点”
can be in the deep ocean, an area that has historically been seriously neglected , if not abused . 能够注意到大海的深处, 那一个在历史上, 被我们长时间所忽视的地方--
historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; neglected:adj.被忽略的; v.忽略; (neglect的过去分词和过去式) abused:v.滥用(以致危害健康); (abuse的过去分词和过去式)
The term "deep six" comes to mind: "If it's too big or too toxic for a landfill , deep six it!" 我想到一个俚语,抛入大海。 如果有一堆巨大并且有毒的垃圾, 那就把它们扔进大海吧。
toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; landfill:n.垃圾填埋地;垃圾堆;
So, I hope that we can also keep some of these "hope spots" in the deep sea. 但是如今,我希望我们也可以 真正的关心一下我们的深海。
Now, I don't get a wish, but I certainly can say that I will do anything I can to support Sylvia Earle's wish. 我并不是在发表感言, 但是我许诺 我会尽我所能 去支持Sylvia Earle的愿望。
And that I do. 我会这样做的。
Thank you very much. (Applause) 谢谢大家。（掌声）