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MichaelTubbs_2019-_做一个好邻居的政治力量_-
So I know for sure there's at least one thing I have in common with dentists. 我确定我跟牙医至少有一个共同点。
in common with:与…一样;
I absolutely hate the holiday of Halloween . 我非常讨厌万圣节。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; Halloween:n.万圣节前夕
Now, this hatred stems not from a dislike of cavities , nor was it a lifetime in the making. 这种仇视并非来自对蛀牙的厌恶, 也非与生俱来。
hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶; stems:n.花草的茎或梗; v.阻止; (stem的第三人称单数和复数) cavities:n.腔(cavity的复数形式);[医]空洞;蛀牙;插线孔;
Rather, this hatred stems from a particular incident that happened nine years ago. 相反,这种仇恨始于9年前的 一个特定事件。
Nine years ago, I was even younger, I was 20 years old, and I was an intern in the White House . 9年前,我还很年轻,20岁出头, 我当时在白宫实习。
intern:n.实习医生; v.(战争期间或由于政治原因未经审讯)拘留; White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿);
The other White House. 另一届白宫。
And my job was to work with mayors and councilors nationwide. 我的工作是与全国各地 的市长和议员合作。
mayors:市长; councilors:n.顾问;评议员;参赞;(councilor的复数)
November 1, 2010 began just like any other day. 2010年11月1号就如往常一样,
I turned on the computer, went on Google and prepared to write my news clips . 我打开电脑,打开谷歌 准备写新闻简报。
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; clips:n.夹子; v.夹住;
I was met with a call from my mother, which isn't that out the norm , my mom likes to text, call, email, Facebook, Instagram , all that. 我接到了老妈的电话,这并不常见。 我妈通常喜欢发短信、 发电邮、上各种社交媒体等。
norm:n.规范;标准;定额;常态;v.规范;规定; Instagram:照片分享(一款运行在iPhone平台上的应用程序);
So I answered the phone expecting to hear maybe some church gossip , or maybe something from WorldStarHipHop she had discovered. 所以我接电话时还以为会 听到关于教堂的八卦, 或她在“ WorldStarHipHop”网站上 发现的什么东西。
gossip:n.流言蜚语;闲聊;喜欢传播流言蜚语的人;v.传播流言蜚语;说三道四;
But when I answered the phone, 但当我接起电话时,
I was met with a tone that was unlike anything I had ever heard from my mother. 我老妈的语气跟以往完全不同。
tone:n.语气:风格:特色:声音信号:v.使更结实:与…协调:
My mother's loud. 我老妈平时是个大嗓门。
But she spoke in a hush , still, muffled tone that conveyed a sense of sadness. 但她的声音很轻, 很平静,很低沉, 传达着一种悲伤的感觉。
hush:v.安静;别说话;别叫喊;使安静下来;n.寂静;鸦雀无声; muffled:adj.听不清的; v.使(声音)低沉(muffle的过去式); conveyed:vt.传达;
And as she whispered, she said, "Michael, your cousin Donnell was murdered last night, on Halloween, at a house party in Stockton." 她低声说:“迈克尔, 你堂兄唐纳昨晚被谋杀了, 在万圣节那天, 斯托克顿的一个家庭聚会上。”
Donnell:唐奈; house party:n.乡村府邸聚会;
And like far too many people in this country, particularly from communities like mine, particularly that look like me, 跟这个国家的很多人一样, 尤其是像来自我们社区的人一样, 尤其像我这样的人,
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
I spent the better part of the year dealing with anger, rage , nihilism , and I had a choice to make. 我在接下来一年的大部分时间 都在应对愤怒和迷茫, 并且我没得选。
rage:n.狂怒;暴怒;(某情况引起的)愤怒;v.发怒;怒斥;猛烈地继续;激烈进行; nihilism:n.虚无主义;无政府主义;恐怖行为;
The choice was one between action and apathy . 要在行动和冷漠之间做选择,
apathy:n.冷漠,无兴趣,漠不关心;无感情;
The choice was what could I do to put purpose to this pain. 我能做什么来减轻这种痛苦的选择。
I spent a year dealing with feelings of survivor's guilt. 我花了一年的时间 来应付幸存者的负罪感。
What was the point of me being at Stanford, what was the point of me being at the White House if I was powerless to help my own family? 我上斯坦福又有什么意义, 在白宫实习又有什么意义, 如果我都无力帮助我的家人？
And my own family was dying, quite literally . 我自己的家人在慢慢死去。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
I then began to feel a little selfish and say, what's the point of even trying to make the world a better place? 我然后开始有些自私地说, 试图让这个世界变得更美好 又有什么意义呢？
Maybe that's just the way it is. 也许世界就是如此。
Maybe I would be smart to take advantage of all the opportunities given to me and make as much money as possible, so I'm comfortable, and my immediate family is comfortable. 也许我应该聪明点去抓住 所有面临的机会, 去尽可能地赚更多钱, 这样我会过得舒服, 我的亲人也会满足。
take advantage of:利用;
But finally , towards the end of that year, 但后来,到了年底,
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
I realized I wanted to do something. 我意识到我想做点事情。
So I made the crazy decision, as a senior in college, to run for city council. 作为一名大四学生, 我做了一个疯狂得决定, 去竞选市议会议员。
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人;
That decision was unlikely for a couple of reasons, and not just my age. 这个决定听起来有点不可能, 并且并非只因为我的年龄, 还有其他几个原因。
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的;
You see, my family is far from a political dynasty . 我的家族从来就不是一个政治世家。
dynasty:n.代;王朝;朝代;
More men in my family have been incarcerated than in college. 我家族中进监狱的人比上大学的多。
incarcerated:v.监禁;关押;禁闭;(incarcerate的过去式和过去分词)
In fact, as I speak today, my father is still incarcerated. 其实,就在我演讲的时候, 我父亲仍在监狱。
My mother, she had me as a teenager, and government wasn't something we had warm feelings from. 我母亲,在她十几岁时就怀上了我, 我们对政府也没有什么好感。
You see, it was the government that red-lined the neighborhoods I grew up in. 是政府 给我成长的环境划上了红线。
Full of liquor stores and no grocery stores, there was a lack of opportunity and concentrated poverty . 到处都是卖酒的商店, 没有食品商店, 缺少机会,贫困的状况非常集中。
liquor:n.液;白酒;汤;[药学]溶液; grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货; concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词) poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
It was the government and the politicians that made choices, like the war on drugs and three strikes, that have incarcerated far too many people in our country. 是政府和政客 在做决定, 比如禁毒战争和三振出局, 在我们国家监禁了太多的人。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
It was the government and political actors that made the decisions that created the school funding formulas , that made it so the school I went to receive less per pupil spending than schools in more affluent areas. 是政府和政治官员 决定了学校的资助模式, 使得我就读的学校的人均学生支出 低于富裕地区的学校。
funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) formulas:n.[数]公式;配方;规则(formula的复数); affluent:adj.富裕的;丰富的;流畅的;n.支流;富人;
So there was nothing about that background that made it likely for me to choose to be involved in being a government actor. 所以我并没有这样的背景去选择 成为一名政府工作人员。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
And at the same time , Stockton was a very unlikely place. 同时,这种事发生在 斯托克顿的可能性也很低。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
Stockton is my home town, a city of 320,000 people. 斯托克顿是我家乡, 一个拥有32万人口的城市。
But historically , it's been a place people run from, rather than come back to. 但历史上,这是一个人们 逃离而非涌入的城市。
historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说;
It's a city that's incredibly diverse . 这是一个非常多元化的城市。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的;
Thirty-five percent Latino , 35 percent white, 20 percent Asian, 10 percent African American , the oldest Sikh temple in North America . 35%是拉丁裔,35%是白人, 20%的亚裔,10%的非洲裔美国人, 有着北美最古老的锡克教寺庙。
Latino:adj.拉丁美洲的;拉丁美洲人的;n.拉丁美洲人; African American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); North America:n.北美洲;
But at the time I ran for office, we were also the largest city in the country at that time to declare bankruptcy . 但在我竞选公职的时候, 当时我们也是美国宣布破产 的最大城市。
bankruptcy:n.破产;
At the time I decided to run for office, we also had more murders per capita than Chicago. 我决定竞选公职时, 我们的人均谋杀率也比芝加哥高。
per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
At the time I decided to run for office, we had a 23 percent poverty rate, a 17 percent college attainment rate and a host of challenges and issues beyond the scope of any 21-year-old. 我决定竞选公职的时候, 我们有23%的贫穷率, 17%的大学毕业率 和许多超出了任何21岁的人 能力范围的挑战和问题。
attainment:n.达到;成就;学识; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) scope:n.能力; v.仔细看;
So after I won my election, 所以在我赢得竞选后,
I did what I usually do when I feel overwhelmed , 我做了我感到不知所措时 通常做的事情,
overwhelmed:v.受打击,压倒;淹没;(overwhelm的过去分词和过去式)
I realized the problems of Stockton were far bigger than me and that I might need a little divine intervention . 我意识到斯托克顿 的问题比我大得多, 我可能需要一些神的助力。
divine:adj.神圣的;非凡的;天赐的;极好的;v.占卜;预言;用占卜勘探;n.牧师;神学家; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍;
So as I prepared for my first council meeting, 所以当我准备我的 第一次理事会会议时,
I went back to some wisdom my grandmother taught me. 我回想起祖母教给我的一些智慧。
wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问;
A parable I think we all know, that really constitutes the governing frame we're using to reinvent Stockton today. 一个我们都知道的寓言, 这构成了我们今天用来改造斯托克顿 的管理框架。
parable:n.寓言,比喻;隐晦或谜般的格言; constitutes:v.被算作;组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立;(constitute的第三人称单数) frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;
I remember in Sunday school , my grandmother told me that at one time , a guy asked Jesus , "Who was my neighbor? 我记得在主日学校, 我祖母告诉我, 有一次,有人问耶稣: “谁是我的邻居?
Sunday school:n.主日学校(基督教堂或犹太教堂在星期日为儿童提供宗教教育); at one time:曾经,一度;同时; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督:
Who was my fellow citizen? 谁是我的同胞？
Who am I responsible for?" 我要对谁负责？
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
And instead of a short answer, Jesus replied with a parable. 耶稣没有简单作答, 而是用寓言回答。
He said there was a man on a journey , walking down Jericho Road. 他说曾有一个旅途中的人, 沿着杰里科路走。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
As he was walking down the road , he was beat up, left on the side of the road, stripped of all his clothes, had everything stolen from and left to die. 当他走在路上的时候, 他被打倒在地,被扔在路旁, 衣服被脱光, 东西被偷走,被扔下等死。
down the road:只要沿着这条路;将来;在路上; on the side of:拥护…;站在…一边;赞助; stripped:adj.剥去的;v.剥夺;脱衣;把…剪成条状;(strip的过去式和过去分词)
And then a priest came by, saw the man on the side of the road, maybe said a silent prayer, hopes and prayers, prayers that he gets better. 这时,一位牧师经过, 看见路边的那人, 也许做了默默的祈祷, 希望和祈祷,祈祷他会变好。
priest:n.司祭,神父;教士,祭司,僧侣;v.使成为教士;任命…为祭司;
Maybe saw the man on the side of the road and surmised that it was ordained by God for this particular man, this particular group to be on the side of the road, there's nothing I can do to change it. 也许看到路旁这人, 会猜测这是上帝的安排, 让这个人,这类人 倒在路旁,我什么也改变不了。
surmised:v.推测;猜测;(surmise的过去分词和过去式) ordained:规定;
After the priest walked by, maybe a politician walked by. 牧师走过之后,也许过来一个政客。
A 28-year-old politician, for example. 比如,一个28岁的政客。
Saw the man on the side of the road and saw how beat up the man was, saw that the man was a victim of violence , or fleeing violence. 看到这个倒在路旁的人, 看到这个被打得很惨的人, 看到这个暴力或逃离暴力的受害者。
victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; fleeing:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的现在分词)
And the politician decided, "You know what? 于是政客做了决定,“你知道吗？
Instead of welcoming this man in, let's build a wall. 别让他进来,让我们建一道墙。
Maybe the politician said, "Maybe this man chose to be on the side of the road." 也许这个政客说, “也许躺在路旁是这人的选择。
That if he just pulled himself up by his bootstraps , despite his boots being stolen, and got himself back on the horse, he could be successful, and there's nothing I could do." 即使他的靴子被偷了,他也能 靠自己的力量站起来, 自己骑在马上, 他会成功的,我什么也做不了。”
bootstraps:n.[计]引导程序,辅助程序;解靴带; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
And then finally, my grandmother said, a good Samaritan came by, saw the man on the side of the road and looked and saw not centuries of hatred between Jews and Samaritans, looked and saw not his fears reflected , not economic anxiety , not "what's going to happen to me because things are changing." 最后,我祖母说, 一个好心的撒玛利亚人来了, 看到这个人躺在路旁, 脸上没有表现出 犹太人和撒玛利亚人之间 数百年的仇恨, 脸上也没有任何恐惧, 也不焦虑经济, 不担心“事情若发生变化,我该怎么办？”
good Samaritan:厚道的外人;好撒玛利亚人;仁慈心善的人;好撒马利亚人; reflected:adj.反射的;得自他人的;v.反射;思考;(reflect的过去式和过去分词) economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事;
But looked and saw a reflection of himself. 而是看到了自己的影子。
reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思;
He saw his neighbor, he saw his common humanity . 他看到了他的邻居, 他看到了共同的人性。
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
He didn't just see it, he did something about it, my grandmother said. 他不仅看到了,还行动起来了, 我的祖母说。
He got down on one knee, he made sure the man was OK, and I heard, even gave him a room at that nice Fairmont, the Pan Pacific one. 他单膝跪下, 看这人还活着没, 我听说,他甚至给 他在费尔蒙的高档酒店, 泛太平洋酒店订了间房。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And as I prepared to govern, 当我准备执政时,
I realized that given the diversity of Stockton, the first step to making change will be to again answer the same question: 我意识到,考虑到斯托克顿的多元性, 做出改变的第一步是 再次回答同样的问题。
diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
Who is our neighbor? 谁是我们的邻居？
And realizing that our destiny as a city was tied up in everyone. 并意识到我们作为一个城市 的命运与每个人息息相关,
destiny:n.命运,定数,天命;
Particularly those who are left on the side of the road. 尤其是那些被丢在路边的人。
But then I realized that charity isn't justice , that acts of empathy isn't justice , that being a good neighbor is necessary but not sufficient , and there was more that had to be done. 但后来我意识到,慈善不是正义, 同理心的行为不是正义, 做一个好邻居是必要的,但还不够, 还有更多的事情得做。
charity:n.慈善;施舍;慈善团体;宽容;施舍物; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的;
So looking at the story, 听到了这个故事,
I realized that the road, Jericho Road, has a nickname . 我意识到这条路, 杰里科路,有一个昵称。
nickname:n.绰号;昵称;v.给…取绰号;叫错名字;
It's known as the Bloody Pass, the Ascent of Red, because the road is structured for violence. 这条路被称为血腥之路,红色之路, 因为这条路是结构性暴力的。
Bloody:adj.血腥的;血淋淋的;v.血染; Ascent:n.上升;上坡路;登高; structured:adj.有结构的;有组织的;v.组织;构成(structure的过去分词);建造;
This Jericho Road is narrow , it's conducive for ambushing . 这条杰里科路很窄,很容易埋伏。
narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分; conducive:adj.有益的;有助于…的; ambushing:v.伏击;(ambush的现在分词)
Meaning, a man on the side of the road wasn't abnormal . 意味着,人倒在路边很正常,
abnormal:adj.反常的,不规则的;变态的;
Wasn't strange. 并不奇怪。
And in fact, it was something that was structured to happen, it was supposed to happen. 事实上,这是注定要发生的事情, 这是必然要发生的。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And Johan Galtung, a peace theorist , talks about structural violence in our society. 还有约翰·加尔东,一位和平理论家, 谈到我们社会中的结构性暴力。
theorist:n.理论家; structural:adj.结构的;建筑的;
He says, "Structural violence is the avoidable impairment of basic human needs." 他说,“结构性暴力是对人类基本需求的 可避免伤害。”
avoidable:adj.可避免的;可作为无效的;可回避的; impairment:n.损伤,损害;
Dr. Paul Farmer talks about structural violence and talks about how it's the way our institutions , our policies , our culture creates outcomes that advantage some people and disadvantage others. 保罗·法默博士谈到了结构性暴力 以及我们的制度, 我们的政策,我们的文化 是如何产生对一些人有利而 对另一些人不利的结果的。
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) disadvantage:n.不利因素;障碍;不便之处;
And then I realized, much like the road in Jericho, in many ways, Stockton, our society, has been structured for the outcomes we complain about. 然后我意识到,这很像杰里科路, 在很多方面,斯托克顿,我们的社会, 结构性地产出了饱受诟病的结果。
complain:v.投诉;发牢骚;诉说;
That we should not be surprised when we see that kids in poverty don't do well in school, that we should not be surprised to see wealth gaps by race and ethnicity . 那么我们就不会感到惊讶, 当我们看到贫民区的孩子学业一般时, 我们也不会对不同种族 的贫富差距感到惊讶。
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式); ethnicity:n.种族划分;
We should not be surprised to see income pay disparities between genders , because that's what our society, historically, has been structured to do, and it's working accordingly . 我们也不会对性别收入差距感到惊讶, 因为我们的社会,历史, 就是这样建构的, 这是自然而然发生的。
disparities:不一致(disparity的复数); genders:n.性别;性; accordingly:adv.因此,于是;相应地;照著;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
So taking this wisdom, 于是带着这个智慧,
I rolled up my sleeves and began to work. 我挽起袖子开始干。
sleeves:n.[服装]袖子; v.给…装袖子; (sleeve的单三形式)
And there's three quick stories I want to share, that point to not that we figured everything out, not that we have arrived, but we're trending in the right direction. 有三个简短的故事我想要分享, 这并不是说我们把 所有问题都解决了, 并非我们抵达目标了, 而是说我们的方向正确。
trending:n.[统计]趋势;v.伸向;趋向;(trend的现在分词)
The first story, about the neighbor. 第一个故事,关于邻居。
When I was a city council member, 当我是市议员时,
I was working with one of the most conservative members in our community on opening a health clinic for undocumented people in the south part of the city, and I loved it. 我曾与我们社区中 最保守的一名成员合作, 为城市南部的非法移民 开设一家诊所,我喜欢这个点子。
conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; clinic:n.诊所;临床实习;(医院的)门诊部;门诊时间; undocumented:adj.无事实证明的;无正式文件的;
And as we opened the clinic, we had a resolution to sign, he presented me a gift. 当我们开诊所时, 我们要签署一个决议, 他送给了我一个礼物。
resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议;
It was an O'Reilly Factor lifetime membership pin . 这是一个奥莱利评论秀终身会员胸针。
Factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入; membership:n.成员资格;(统称)会员;会员人数; pin:n.大头针;饰针;旗杆;胸针;v.别上;使不能动弹;按住;钳住;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Mind you, I didn't ask what he did to get such a gift. 实话说,我没有问他是怎么 得到这样一份礼物的。
What blood oath -- I had no idea how he got it. 我不知道他是怎么有的。
oath:n.誓言,誓约;诅咒,咒骂;
But I looked at him and I said, "Well, how are we working together to open a health clinic, to provide free health care for undocumented people, and you're an O'Reilly Factor member?" 但我看着他说, “ 那么,我们如何共同 来开设一家健康诊所, 为非法移民提供免费医疗服务呢？ 还有你是奥莱利评论秀终身会员？”
health care:n.卫生保健;
He looked at me and said, " Councilman Tubbs, this is for my neighbors." 他看着我说, “塔布斯议员,这是给我的邻居们的。”
Councilman:n.议员;委员;
And he's a great example of what it means to be a good neighbor, at least in that instance . 他本人就是个好邻居, 至少在那个案例中, 他证明了这一点。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
The robbers . 再谈谈劫匪。
robbers:n.强盗;盗贼;抢劫犯;(robber的复数)
So after four years on city council, I decided to run for mayor, realizing that being a part-time councilman wasn't enough to enact the structural changes we need to see in Stockton, and I came to that conclusion by looking at the data. 在市议会任职四年后, 我决定竞选市长, 意识到做兼职议员还不足以实现 我们在斯托克顿 需要看到的结构性改革, 我通过研究数据得出了这个结论。
enact:vt.颁布;制定法律;扮演;发生; conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论;
So my old council district, where I grew up, is 10 minutes away from a more affluent district. 以前我住的地方, 我长大的地方, 离一个更富裕的街区10分钟距离。
And 10 minutes away in the same city, the difference between zip code 95205 and 95219 in life expectancy is 10 years. 而城市内部相距10分钟, 邮政编码分别是95205 和95219的两个地区, 人口预期寿命相差10年。
life expectancy:预期寿命;
Ten minutes away, 4.5 miles, 10 years life expectancy difference, and not because of the choices people are making. 10分钟远,4.5英里, 10年预期寿命的差异, 不是因为人们的选择。
Because no one chose to live in an unsafe community where they can't exercise. 因为没人会选择生活在 一个不安全的社区, 他们没法选择。
unsafe:adj.不安全的;危险的;不安稳的;
No one chose to put more liquor stores than grocery stores in the community. 没人会选择一个卖酒的店 多过食品商店的社区。
No one chose these things, but that's the reality. 没人选择这些,但这些是现实。
I realized, as a councilman, to enact a structural change I wanted to see, where between the same zip codes there's a 30 percent difference in the rate of unemployment , 我意识到,作为议员, 要去推动我想要看到的结构改变, 在那里相同的邮编 有30%的失业率差异,
unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数;
there's a 75,000 dollars a year difference in income, that being a councilman was not going to cut it. 有7.5万美元的年收入差异, 作为一个议员起不了什么作用。
So that's when I decided to run for mayor. 所以我决定竞选市长。
And as mayor, we've been focused on the robbers and the road. 作为市长,我一直 在关注劫匪和道路。
So in Stockton, as I mentioned, we have historically had problems with violent crime. 我之前提到过,在斯托克顿, 暴力犯罪是我们的历史问题。
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的;
In fact, that's why I decided to run for office in the first place . 事实上,这也是我 起初竞选公职的原因。
in the first place:首先;起初;
And my first job as mayor was helping our community to see ourselves, our neighbors, not just in the people victimized by violence but also in the perpetrators . 我作为市长的首要任务 就是帮助我们社区 认清自己,认清我们的邻居, 不仅包括那些暴力中的受害者, 也包括犯罪者本身。
victimized:vt.使受害;使牺牲;欺骗; perpetrators:n.作恶者;行凶者;犯罪者;(perpetrator的复数)
We realized that those who enact pain in our society, those who are committing homicides and contributing to gun violence, are oftentimes victims themselves. 我们意识到在社会中制造痛苦的人, 那些杀人,制造枪支暴力的人, 本身也是受害者。
committing:v.做出;犯罪或错等;自杀;承诺,保证;(commit的现在分词) homicides:n.杀人;杀人犯; contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词) oftentimes:adv.时常地;
They have high rates of trauma , they have been shot at, they've known people who have been shot. 他们有很高的创伤率, 自己也被枪击过, 他们也认识被枪杀的人。
trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
That doesn't excuse their behavior, but it helps explain it, and as a community, we have to see these folks as us, too. 这些不是他们行为的借口, 但这有助于解释其行为, 作为一个社区,我们也得 把这些人看作自己人。
That they too are our neighbors. 他们也是我们的邻居。
So for the past three years -- 所以过去三年——
(Applause) （鼓掌）
So for the past three years, we've been working on two strategies : 所以过去三年, 我们执行了两个策略:
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
Ceasefire and Advance Peace, where we give these guys as much attention, as much love from social services , from opportunities, from tattoo removals , in some cases even cash, as a gift from law enforcement . 停火和提倡和平, 我们通过社会服务, 通过提供机会,去掉纹身, 有时候甚至是现金,作为 来自执法部门的礼物, 给予这些人 更多的关注和爱。
Ceasefire:n.停火; social services:n.社会福利制度(由当地政府组织,向困难者提供帮助的制度); tattoo:n.文身;连续急促的敲击;(尤指军事上的)击鼓号;v.将花纹刺在…上;给…文身; removals:n.屏蔽选项设置;效果移除(removal的复数); enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制;
And last year, we saw a 40 percent reduction in homicides and a 30 percent reduction in violent crime. 去年,我们的谋杀率下降了40%, 暴力犯罪下降30%。
reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
And now, the road. 现在,再来说说道路。
I mentioned that my community has a 23 percent poverty rate. 我提过我们的社区贫困比例是23%。
As someone who comes from poverty, it's a personal issue for me. 作为来自贫困区的人, 这对我来说也是个人问题。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
So I decided that we wouldn't just do a program, or we wouldn't just do something to go around the edges, but we would call into question the very structure that produces poverty in the first place. 所以我决定我们不能只做一些项目, 或者只做一些边缘的事情, 而是要对产生贫困 的物理结构提出疑问。
So starting in February, we launched a basic income demonstration , where for the next 18 months, as a pilot, 130 families, randomly selected, who live in zip codes at or below the median income of the city, are given 500 dollars a month. 所以2月份开始, 我们开展了基本收入示范, 在接下来的18个月内, 作为试点,130个随机抽选的家庭, 这些来自城市低收入地区的家庭 每个月被分到500美元。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) demonstration:n.示范;演示;论证;证明; randomly:adv.随便地,任意地;无目的,胡乱地;未加计划地; median:n.n.中值,中位数;三角形中线;梯形中位线;adj.中值的;中央的;
And we're doing this for a couple of reasons. 我们这样做是基于几个原因。
We're doing it because we realize that something is structurally wrong in America, when one in two Americans can't afford one 400-dollar emergency . 我们这样做是因为我们意识到 美国有些问题是结构性的, 每两个美国人中就有一个人负担 不起400美元的紧急情况。
structurally:adv.在结构上; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的;
We're doing it because we realize that something is structurally wrong when wages have only increased six percent between 1979 and 2013. 我们这样做是因为我们意识到 肯定出现了结构性的错误, 当工资在1979年到2013年 只增长了6%时。
wages:n.[劳经]工资; v.开展(运动等)(wage的第三人称单数形式);
We're doing it because we realize something is structurally wrong when people working two and three jobs, doing all the jobs no one in here wants to do, can't pay for necessities, like rent, like lights, like health care, like childcare . 我们这样做是因为我们意识到 一定有什么结构性的问题。 当人们需要同时打2-3份工, 去做那些没人愿意做的工作, 而且还不足以支付诸如房租, 水电,医疗和托儿等费用时。
childcare:n.儿童保育;儿童照管;adj.儿童保育的;托管的;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
So I would say, Stockton again, we have real issues. 所以斯托克顿也是问题重重。
I have constituent emails in my phone now, about the homelessness issue, about some of the violent crime we're still experiencing. 我现在手机里有一些选民的电邮, 关于无家可归的问题, 关于我们仍在遭遇的一些暴力犯罪。
constituent:n.构成要素;选民;成分;adj.组成的;构成的; homelessness:n.无家可归;
But I would say, I think as a society, we would be wise to go back to those old Bible stories we were taught growing up, and understand that number one, we have to begin to see each other as neighbors, that when we see someone different from us, 但我得说,我认为作为一个社会, 我们最好明智地回到 我们从小被教诲的 那些古老的圣经故事上, 要理解,第一点, 我们得开始把彼此视作邻居, 当我们看到不同的人时,
Bible:n.有权威的书;
they should not reflect our fears, our anxieties, our insecurities , the prejudices we've been taught, our biases -- but we should see ourselves. 他们不应该引发 我们的恐惧,焦虑,不安, 我们被教授的偏见—— 而是视做我们自己。
insecurities:n.不安全;不牢靠;无把握;心神不定; prejudices:成见;偏见;歧视(prejudice的复数); biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式);
We should see our common humanity. 我们应该看到我们同有的人性。
Because I think once we do that, we can do the more important work of restructuring the road. 因为我认为一旦我们这样做了, 就可以做更多的改造道路的工作。
restructuring:n.调整;改组;重建;v.重组(restructure的现在分词形式);
Because again, I understand some listening are saying, "Well, Mayor Tubbs, you're talking about structural violence and structural this, but you're on the stage . 我理解一些听众会说, “好的,塔布斯市长,你说的这些 结构性暴力和结构性问题, 但你能在舞台上,
on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员;
That the structures can't be too bad if you could come up from poverty, have a father in jail , go to Stanford, work in the White House and become mayor." 那个结构就不至于太糟糕, 毕竟你在父亲入狱的情况下, 能摆脱贫困,上斯坦福, 在白宫工作并成为市长。”
structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
And I would respond by saying the term for that is exceptionalism . 我的回答是,这叫例外主义。
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; exceptionalism:n.例外论;例外主义;
Meaning that we recognize it's exceptional for people to escape the structures. 这意味着人们逃离 这种结构是不寻常的。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
Meaning by our very language, we understand that the things we're seeing in our world are by design. 用我们的语言来表达, 我们知道我们所看到的世界 都是经过设计的。
And I think that task for us, as TEDsters, and as good people, just people, moral people, is really do the hard work necessary of not just joining hands as neighbors, but using our hands to restructure our road, a road that in this country has been rooted in things like white supremacy . 我认为对于TED人来说, 还有那些好人,正直的人, 有道德的人来说, 我们的任务就是不仅仅作为邻居 携手合作,而且用双手 重建我们的道路的努力工作, 这条路过去根植于白人至上主义。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; restructure:vt.调整;重建;更改结构; supremacy:n.霸权;至高无上;主权;最高地位;
A road like in this country has been rooted in things like misogyny . 这个国家,这样的道路 基于对女性的厌恶。
misogyny:n.厌恶女人;[医]厌女症;
A road that's not working for far too many people. 这条道路不适合很多人。
And I think today, tomorrow and 2020 we have a chance to change that. 我认为今天,明天和2020年, 我们有机会去改变它。
So as I prepare to close, 所以在我准备结束语的时候,
I started with a story from nine years ago and I'll end with one. 就像我从一个九年前的故事开始, 我同样将以一个故事结束演讲。
So after my cousin was murdered, 在我堂兄被谋杀后,
I was lucky enough to go on the Freedom Rides with some of the original freedom riders . 我很幸运能和一些自由骑手 一起参加自由之旅。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; riders:骑手;附文;扶手(rider的复数);
And they taught me a lot about restructuring the road. 他们告诉了我很多重建道路的事情。
And one guy in particular , Bob Singleton , asked me a question 其中有个人,鲍勃·辛格尔顿, 问了我一个
in particular:尤其,特别; Singleton:n.一个;独身;
I'm going to leave with us today. 我今天要留给大家的问题。
We were going to Anniston, Alabama , and he said, "Michael," 当时我们要去阿拉巴马州 的安尼斯顿,他说:“迈克尔,”
Alabama:n.阿拉巴马州(美国州名);
and I said, "Yes, sir." 我说,“怎么了,先生？”
He said, "I was arrested on August 4, 1961. 他说:“我在1961年8月4日被捕。
Now why is that day important?" 为什么这一天很重要？”
And I said, "Well, you were arrested, if you weren't arrested, we wouldn't be on this bus. 我说,“你被逮捕了, 如果你没有被逮捕, 我们也不会在这趟车上。
if we weren't on this bus, we wouldn't have the rights we enjoy." 如果我们不在这车上,我们 也不会拥有我们享受的权利。”
He rolled his eyes and said, "No, son." 他翻了翻白眼说,“不是的,孩子。”
He said, "On that day, Barack Obama was born." 他说道,“就在那天, 巴拉克·奥巴马出生了。”
And then he said he had no idea that the choice he made to restructure the road would pave the way , so a child born as a second class citizen, who wouldn't be able to even get a cup of water at a counter, would have the chance, 50 years later, to be president. 然后他说他没有想到他做的 重建道路的选择 会铺平道路, 让出生时就是一个二等公民的人, 在柜台上连一杯水都拿不到的人, 会拥有机会,在50年后成为总统。
pave the way:为...作准备;为...铺平道路; second class:adj.第二流的;次劣的;adv.坐二等车;作为第二类邮件;
Then he looked at me and he said, "What are you prepared to do today so that 50 years from now a child born has a chance to be president?" 然后他看着我说, “你今天准备做的事情, 能让在50年后 出生的孩子有机会成为总统吗？”
And I think, TED, that's the question before us today. 我想,TED,这是今天摆在 我们面前的问题。
We know things are jacked up. 我知道一切事情都很顺利。
jacked:v.抬高(价格等);用千斤顶顶起(jack的过去分词);
I think what we've seen recently isn't abnormal but a reflection of a system that's been structured to produce such crazy outcomes. 我认为我们今天 看到的情况并不反常, 而是一个注定要产生这些疯狂结果 体制的结果。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
But I think it's also an opportunity. 但我认为这也是一个机遇。
Because these structures we inherit aren't acts of God but acts of men and women, they're policy choices, they're by politicians like me, approved by voters like you. 因为我们继承的这个结构 不是上帝的旨意, 而是男人和女人们,他们的政策选择, 他们得到了像我这样的政客, 像你们这样的选民的支持。
inherit:v.继承;接替(责任等);继任; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式)
And we have the chance and the awesome opportunity to do something about it. 我们有机会和绝好的机遇 去做点事情。
awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
So my question is: What are we prepared to do today, so that a child born today, 50 years from now isn't born in a society rooted in white supremacy; isn't born into a society riddled with misogyny; 所以我的问题是: 我们今天打算做的是, 让今天出生的孩子,在50年后, 不再生于一个白人至上的社会; 不再出生在一个重男轻女的社会;
riddled:adj.布满的;遍布的;到处是…的;v.使布满窟窿;(riddle的过去分词和过去式)
isn't born into a society riddled with homophobia and transphobia and anti-Semitism and Islamophobia and ableism , and all the phobias and -isms? 不再出生在一个充斥着 恐同、恐跨性别、 反犹太主义、恐伊斯兰和体能歧视 以及各种恐惧和主义的社会吗？
homophobia:n.对同性恋的恐惧;对同性恋的憎恶; transphobia:对变性者的恐惧; anti-Semitism:n.反犹太主义; ableism:n.体能歧视(由于对体能或智能较差的人不去作特别照顾所构成的歧视); phobias:n.[内科]恐怖症;憎恶(phobia的复数);
What are we prepared to do today, so that 50 years from now we have a road in our society that's structured to reflect what we hold to be self-evident ? 我们今天打算要做的是, 让现在开始的50年后, 我们的社会道路可以体现哪些 我们认为是不言而喻的东西？
self-evident:adj.不言而喻的;不证自明的;
That all men, that all women, that even all trans people are created equal and are endowed by your Creator with certain unalienable rights, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 那就是所有的男人,所有的女人, 甚至所有跨性别的人, 生来平等, 被你们的造物者赋予 不可剥夺的权利, 包括生命,自由和追求幸福的权利。
endowed:v.赋予;捐赠; unalienable:adj.不可剥夺的(等于inalienable); liberty:n.自由;许可;冒失; pursuit:n.追求;追赶;追捕;跟踪;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）