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MichaelTilsonThomas_2012-_音乐和情感的传承_
Well when I was asked to do this TEDTalk, I was really chuckled , because, you see, my father's name was Ted, and much of my life, especially my musical life, is really a talk that I'm still having with him, or the part of me that he continues to be. 当我接到邀请来给TED做这个演讲的时候,我真的笑了。 因为,你知道,我父亲的名字就叫Ted, 而且我生命的大部分,特别是我的音乐生涯, 或者一部分的我,还在继续。
chuckled:vi.咯咯的笑,轻声地笑;n.轻笑,窃笑;vt.轻声笑着表示; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Now Ted was a New Yorker, an all-around theater guy, and he was a self-taught illustrator and musician. 现在,Ted住在纽约,奔波于不同的剧场,
all-around:adj.全面的;综合性的; self-taught:adj.自学的;自修的; illustrator:n.插图画家;说明者;图解者;
He didn't read a note, and he was profoundly hearing impaired . 他不识乐谱,
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; impaired:adj.受损的;v.损害(impair的过去式和过去分词);
Yet, he was my greatest teacher. 他还是我最好的老师。
Because even through the squeaks of his hearing aids, his understanding of music was profound.
squeaks:vi.告密;吱吱叫;侥幸成功;n.吱吱声;机会;vt.以短促尖声发出;
And for him, it wasn't so much the way the music goes as about what it witnesses and where it can take you. 而且对于他来说,重要的不只是音乐的形式,
witnesses:n.[法]证人; v.作证;
And he did a painting of this experience, which he called "In the Realm of Music." 他把它命名为,在“音乐的世界”。
Realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
Now Ted entered this realm every day by improvising in a sort of Tin Pan Alley style like this. 有点像在叮砰巷听到的音乐的风格（叮砰巷:美国纽约市第28街为中心的音乐出版商和作曲家聚集地）。
improvising:vt.即兴创作;即兴表演;临时做;临时提供;vi.即兴创作;即兴表演;临时凑合; Tin Pan Alley:n.流行歌曲作者和发行人;
(Music)
But he was tough when it came to music. 但是对于音乐本身,他是异常严肃认真的。
He said, "There are only two things that matter in music: what and how.
And the thing about classical music, that what and how, it's inexhaustible ." ”对于古典音乐来说, 内容和表现形式,永无止境。
classical:adj.古典的;经典的;传统的;第一流的;n.古典音乐; inexhaustible:adj.用不完的;不知疲倦的;
That was his passion for the music. 这就是他对于音乐的激情。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
Both my parents really loved it.
They didn't know all that much about it, but they gave me the opportunity to discover it together with them. 他们并不是无所不知, 但是他们给了我一个机会,去发现音乐, ——和他们一起。
And I think inspired by that memory, it's been my desire to try and bring it to as many other people as I can, sort of pass it on through whatever means. 我认为正是那些受那些记忆的启发, 带给尽可能多的人,
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
And how people get this music, how it comes into their lives, really fascinates me. 而且人们从哪里接触到某种音乐,它如何融入他们的生活,
fascinates:vt.使着迷,使神魂颠倒;vi.入迷;
One day in New York, I was on the street and I saw some kids playing baseball between stoops and cars and fire hydrants . 我看到一些小孩子在门廊,汽车和消防栓之间打棒球。
stoops:n.两侧有可坐的低矮栏杆的门前露台; v.屈从; (stoop的第三人称单数) hydrants:[安全]消防龙头;给水栓;
And a tough, slouchy kid got up to bat, and he took a swing and really connected. 他甩开球棒,真的击到了球。
slouchy:adj.懒散的;没精打采的;
And he watched the ball fly for a second, and then he went, "Dah dadaratatatah. 然后他看着球飞了一会儿,
Brah dada dadadadah."
And he ran around the bases. 然后他绕着球场跑起来。
And I thought, go figure. 我就想,试着猜猜看吧。
How did this piece of 18th century Austrian aristocratic entertainment turn into the victory crow of this New York kid?
aristocratic:adj.贵族的;贵族政治的;有贵族气派的; crow:vi.啼叫;报晓;n.[鸟]乌鸦;鸡鸣;撬棍;
How was that passed on? How did he get to hear Mozart? 这首曲子是怎么样流传下来的？那个孩子是怎么样听到莫扎特的曲子的？
Well when it comes to classical music, there's an awful lot to pass on, much more than Mozart, Beethoven or Tchiakovsky. 当说到古典音乐的时候, 有太多的东西被传承, 比莫扎特,贝多芬,或者柴可夫斯基多得多。
Beethoven:n.贝多芬(德国作曲家);
Because classical music is an unbroken living tradition that goes back over 1,000 years. 因为古典音乐 已经有超过1000年的历史。
unbroken:adj.未破损的,完整的;继续的;未被阻断的;
And every one of those years has had something unique and powerful to say to us about what it's like to be alive. 这其中的每一年 都有一些独特的,强大的事情启发着我们 去体验活着是什么样子。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
Now the raw material of it, of course, is just the music of everyday life. 现在,那些原始的素材,当然, 就是那些和日常生活有关的音乐。
raw material:n.原料;
It's all the anthems and dance crazes and ballads and marches. 还有歌谣,还有进行曲。
anthems:n.圣歌(anthem的复数);颂歌; crazes:n.狂热;vi.发狂;产生纹裂;vt.使发狂;使产生纹裂; ballads:n.民歌; v.创作叙事曲;
But what classical music does is to distill all of these musics down, to condense them to their absolute essence , and from that essence create a new language, 就是把所有的这些音乐进行提炼, 从这种精华里,创造了一种新的语言,
distill:vt.提取;蒸馏;使滴下;vi.蒸馏;滴下;作为精华产生(等于distil); condense:vi.浓缩;凝结;vt.使浓缩;使压缩; essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精;
a language that speaks very lovingly and unflinchingly about who we really are. 这种语言深情地,原原本本地
lovingly:adv.亲切地;钟爱地;
It's a language that's still evolving .
evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词)
Now over the centuries it grew into the big pieces we always think of, like concertos and symphonies , but even the most ambitious masterpiece can have as its central mission 在数个世纪的时间里,它成为了我们平时所熟知的形式, 比如协奏曲和交响乐, 但是即使是最充满雄心的经典乐曲
concertos:n.协奏曲(concert的复数形式); symphonies:n.交响曲(symphony的复数); ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; masterpiece:n.杰作;名著;代表作 mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
to bring you back to a fragile and personal moment -- like this one from the Beethoven Violin Concerto. 是把你带到那个脆弱的私人空间 就像是贝多芬的小提琴协奏曲。
fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
(Music) （音乐）
It's so simple, so evocative . 它如此简单,如此的能唤起人们的遐想。
evocative:adj.唤起的;唤出的;
So many emotions seem to be inside of it.
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
Yet, of course, like all music, it's essentially not about anything. 当然,就像所有的音乐, 它本身并不是在阐述所有的事情。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
It's just a design of pitches and silence and time. 它只是一连串设计出来的音调,静止和时间节拍。
pitches:pitch的变形;
And the pitches, the notes, as you know, are just vibrations .
vibrations:n.[力]振动;共鸣;动摇(vibration的复数);
They're locations in the spectrum of sound. 它们是音域中的位置。
locations:n.地方;地点;位置;定位(location的复数) spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
And whether we call them 440 per second, A, or 3,729, B flat -- trust me, that's right -- they're just phenomena . 还是3729,降B大调——相信我,都是对的——
phenomena:n.现象(phenomenon的复数);
But the way we react to different combinations of these phenomena is complex and emotional and not totally understood. 很复杂,而且情绪化,并且不完全能被理解。
react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应; combinations:n.[数]组合;制品(combination的复数);合谱; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
And the way we react to them has changed radically over the centuries, as have our preferences for them. 而且我们对于他们的反应,在几个世纪的时间里发生着急剧的变化, 就像我们对于它们的喜好的变化。
radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; preferences:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;(preference的复数)
So for example, in the 11th century, people liked pieces that ended like this. 例如,在11世纪, 人们喜欢结尾是这样的曲子。
(Music) （音乐）
And in the 17th century, it was more like this. 到了17世纪,就更倾向于这样的。
(Music)
And in the 21st century ... 在21世纪……
(Music) （音乐）
Now your 21st century ears are quite happy with this last chord , even though a while back it would have puzzled or annoyed you or sent some of you running from the room. 你们生活的21世纪非常喜欢像是刚才这个和弦, 或者能让你们中的一些人赶紧逃离这个房间。
chord:n.弦;和弦; puzzled:adj.困惑的;茫然的;搞糊涂的; annoyed:adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;v.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰(annoy的过去分词和过去式)
And the reason you like it is because you've inherited , whether you knew it or not, centuries-worth of changes in musical theory, practice and fashion. 你喜欢它的原因 是因为你继承了,不管你知道与否, 几个世纪以来的变化 在音乐理论,实践和流行趋势当中。
inherited:v.继承(金钱、财产等);接替(责任等);继任;(inherit的过去式和过去分词)
And in classical music we can follow these changes very, very accurately because of the music's powerful silent partner , the way it's been passed on: notation . 在古典音乐中,我们可以非常准确的寻找这些变化的轨迹 这是音乐有一个默默无闻,但是很强大的伙伴, 这就是音乐得以流传的方式:乐谱。
accurately:adv.精确地,准确地; silent partner:n.隐名合伙人; notation:n.符号;乐谱;注释;记号法;
Now the impulse to notate , or, more exactly I should say, encode music has been with us for a very long time. 或者,用更确切地表达方式,我要说,给音乐编码 已经伴随我们很长一段历史了。
impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动; notate:vt.以符号表示; encode:vt.(将文字材料)译成密码;编码,编制成计算机语言;
In 200 B.C., a man named Sekulos wrote this song for his departed wife and inscribed it on her gravestone in the notational system of the Greeks. 为他过世了的妻子写了一首歌 然后把它刻在了她的墓碑上 用希腊的记谱系统。
departed:adj.过去的;死去的;以往的;n.死者;v.离去;去世(depart的过去分词); inscribed:v.在…上写(词语、名字等);题;刻;(inscribe的过去分词和过去式) gravestone:n.墓碑,墓石; notational:adj.记数的(notation的形容词);
(Music) （音乐）
And a thousand years later, this impulse to notate took an entirely different form. 这种记录的方式采用了一种完全不同的方式。
And you can see how this happened in these excerpts from the Christmas mass "Puer Natus est nobis ," 在那些圣诞弥撒曲 Puer Natus est nobis,
excerpts:n.摘由,节选(excerpt复数形式); mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; nobis:(拉)对我们来说;
'"For Us is Born." 为我们而生
(Music) （音乐）
In the 10th century, little squiggles were used just to indicate the general shape of the tune . 表示音符的几号。
squiggles:v.作蜿曲线;蠕动;n.潦草的笔迹;(squiggle的第三人称单数和复数) indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示; tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐;
And in the 12th century, a line was drawn, like a musical horizon line, to better pinpoint the pitch's location. 在12世纪,加了一条线,有点儿像是音乐的地平线, 用来定位音高。
horizon:n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围; pinpoint:vt.查明; adj.精确的; n.针尖;
And then in the 13th century, more lines and new shapes of notes locked in the concept of the tune exactly, and that led to the kind of notation we have today. 被确定下来准确的表达音阶, 这就发展成了我们今天的记谱方式。
Well notation not only passed the music on, notating and encoding the music changed its priorities entirely, because it enabled the musicians to imagine music on a much vaster scale . 记谱并不仅仅把音乐传承了下来, 记录和给音乐编码的作用也整个发生了改变, 在更大的范围内,想象构思音乐。
encoding:n.[计]编码;v.[计]编码(encode的ing形式); priorities:n.优先事项;优先权;重点;(priority的复数) enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
Now inspired moves of improvisation could be recorded, saved, considered, prioritized , made into intricate designs. 可以被记录,保存,考虑,重新区分优先次序, 处理成复杂的设计。
improvisation:n.即兴创作;即兴演奏; prioritized:v.优先化(prioritize的过去分词); intricate:adj.复杂的;错综的,缠结的;
And from this moment, classical music became what it most essentially is, a dialogue between the two powerful sides of our nature: instinct and intelligence . 从这一刻起,古典音乐变成 它本质上的意义所在, 一种自然界两个强大的两极的对话:
instinct:n.本能;天性;直觉;adj.充满的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
And there began to be a real difference at this point between the art of improvisation and the art of composition . 作曲的艺术之间。
composition:n.成分;作文;构成;创作;
Now an improviser senses and plays the next cool move, but a composer is considering all possible moves, testing them out, prioritizing them out, until he sees how they can form a powerful and coherent design of ultimate and enduring coolness . 一个即兴演奏着,感受,并且演奏（众多旋律的可能性中）很酷的一种方式, 试验它们,把它们排列顺序, 直到找到一种强大的,和谐的设计 这是一种最终的,有生命力的伟大延续。
improviser:n.即兴诗人;即席演奏者;即兴创作者; composer:n.作曲家;作家,著作者;设计者; prioritizing:v.按重要性排列;划分优先顺序;优先处理;(prioritize的现在分词) coherent:adj.连贯的,一致的;明了的;清晰的;凝聚性的;互相耦合的;粘在一起的; ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; enduring:adj.持久的;耐久的;v.忍耐;忍受;持续;持久;(endure的现在分词) coolness:n.冷;凉爽;冷静;
Now some of the greatest composers , like Bach, were combinations of these two things. 一些最伟大作曲家,比如巴赫, 是两种事物的结合。
composers:n.作曲家;作曲者(composer的复数形式);
Bach was like a great improviser with a mind of a chess master.
Mozart was the same way. 莫扎特也是一样。
But every musician strikes a different balance between faith and reason, instinct and intelligence. 但是每个音乐家在 真实和推理,本能和智慧之间的平衡点不一样。
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
And every musical era had different priorities of these things, different things to pass on, different 'whats' and 'hows'. 每一个音乐时代,都有不同的突出特点,
era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
So in the first eight centuries or so of this tradition the big 'what' was to praise God. 所以在这个传统的前八个世纪
And by the 1400s, music was being written that tried to mirror God's mind as could be seen in the design of the night sky. 到了15世纪,音乐用来 被反应神的意志 比如在夜空中可以看到他的显现。
The 'how' was a style called polyphony , music of many independently moving voices that suggested the way the planets seemed to move in Ptolemy's geocentric universe. 这里的“怎么样”是一种叫做复位音乐的形式, 一种很多种各自独立的,不同的声音 被用来阐释行星看起来运动的方式 ——在托勒密（古希腊天文学家、地理学家、数学家, 地心说的创立者)的地球为中心的宇宙中。
polyphony:n.复调;复调音乐;多音; independently:adv.独立地;自立地; geocentric:adj.以地球为中心的;由地心开始测量的;
This was truly the music of the spheres .
spheres:n.[数]球体(sphere的复数); v.把…放在球体内(sphere的第三人称单数形式);
(Music)
This is the kind of music that Leonardo DaVinci would have known. 这是一种莱奥纳多 达芬奇应该知道的音乐。
And perhaps its tremendous intellectual perfection and serenity meant that something new had to happen -- a radical new move, which in 1600 is what did happen. 也许它的高度的智慧的完美性和纯粹性 预示着有些什么事情即将发生—— 一种激进的变化,真的在十七世纪发生了。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的; perfection:n.完善;完美; serenity:n.平静,宁静;晴朗,风和日丽;
(Music) Singer: Ah, bitter blow! （音乐）
bitter:adj.苦的; n.苦味; v.激烈地; v.使变苦;
Ah, wicked , cruel fate! 啊,邪恶的,残酷的命运！
wicked:adj.邪恶的;缺德的;调皮的;n.恶人;邪恶的人;
Ah, baleful stars! 啊,凶兆星！
baleful:adj.恶意的;有害的;
Ah, avaricious heaven! 啊,贪婪的天堂！
avaricious:adj.贪婪的;贪得无厌的;
MTT: This, of course, was the birth of opera , and its development put music on a radical new course. 这,当然,就是歌剧的起源, 它的发展,把音乐送上了快速发展的轨道。
opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本;
The what now was not to mirror the mind of God, but to follow the emotion turbulence of man. 而是表达人的情绪的变化。
turbulence:n.骚乱,动荡;[流]湍流;狂暴;
And the how was harmony , stacking up the pitches to form chords . 而这里的“如何”,就是和声, 也就是把音高叠加起来,组成和弦。
harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和; stacking:n.[交]堆垛;v.堆叠,堆积(stack的现在分词); chords:n.[数]弦(乐器上的,chord的复数);和弦;
And the chords, it turned out, were capable of representing incredible varieties of emotions. 而和弦,正好 可以代表令人吃惊的各种情绪。
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词) incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
And the basic chords were the ones we still have with us, the triads , either the major one, which we think is happy, or the minor one, which we perceive as sad. 基本的和旋,就是现在我们还可以看到的, 我们认为它代表愉快,
triads:n.三元;[数]三元组(triad的复数形式); minor:adj.未成年的; n.未成年人; vi.副修; perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为;
But what's the actual difference between these two chords? 但是这两种和弦之间究竟是有什么差别？
It's just these two notes in the middle.
It's either E natural, and 659 vibrations per second, or E flat, at 622. 或者是每秒659次振动,
So the big difference between human happiness and sadness? 所以人类愉快和悲伤之间的巨大差异？
37 freakin' vibrations. 只是37个奇异的振动。
So you can see in a system like this there was enormous subtle potential of representing human emotions. 所以,你看在这个系统里, 有巨大的微妙的潜力,来
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
And in fact, as man began to understand more his complex and ambivalent nature, harmony grew more complex to reflect it. 事实上,随着人们越来越多的理解 人的复杂和摇摆不定的天性, 和声也变得越来越复杂。
ambivalent:adj.矛盾的;好恶相克的; reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;
Turns out it was capable of expressing emotions beyond the ability of words. 的情感。
expressing:v.表示;表达;表露;显而易见;(express的现在分词)
Now with all this possibility, classical music really took off. 有了这个可能性, 古典音乐开始真的腾飞了。
It's the time in which the big forms began to arise . 这是大的形式开始上升的时代。
arise:v.出现;发生;产生;起身;
And the effects of technology began to be felt also, because printing put music, the scores, the codebooks of music, into the hands of performers everywhere. 技术的进步也开始起作用, 因为乐谱的印刷品 可以被各地的演奏者得到了。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
And new and improved instruments made the age of the virtuoso possible. 使得这成为一个演绎精湛的人们的时代。
improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) instruments:n.器械;仪器;器具;手段(instrument的复数) virtuoso:n.艺术品鉴赏家;古董收藏家;艺术大师;adj.行家里手的;艺术爱好者的;
This is when those big forms arose -- the symphonies, the sonatas, the concertos. 这就是那些大的形式出现的时代—— 交响乐,奏鸣曲,协奏曲
arose:vi.出现(arise的过去式);引发;
And in these big architectures of time, composers like Beethoven could share the insights of a lifetime. 在这些时间组成的框架中, 像是贝多芬这样的作曲家分享他们对于一生的真知灼见。
architectures:n.建筑;架构(architecture的复数); insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数);
A piece like Beethoven's Fifth basically witnessing how it was possible for him to go from sorrow and anger, over the course of a half an hour, step by exacting step of his route , to the moment when he could make it across to joy. 一首像贝多芬第五交响乐的曲子 一步一步严格地沿着他的路线, 知道他简直的最后一刻,跨向了喜悦。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; witnessing:v.当场看到,目击;是发生…的地点;见证;(witness的现在分词) route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
(Music) （音乐）
And it turned out the symphony could be used for more complex issues , like gripping ones of culture, such as nationalism or quest for freedom or the frontiers of sensuality . 碰巧这些交响乐可以用于更复杂的事物, 比如文化中扣人心弦的那些事情, 或者感官享受的前沿。
symphony:n.交响乐;谐声,和声; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) gripping:adj.激动人心的; v.紧抓; (grip的现在分词) nationalism:n.民族主义;国家主义;民族特性; quest:n.追求;寻找;vi.追求;寻找;vt.探索; sensuality:n.好色;淫荡;喜爱感官享受;
But whatever direction the music took, one thing until recently was always the same, and that was when the musicians stopped playing, the music stopped. 但是不管音乐朝这其中的那个方向走, 那就是当音乐家停止演奏的时候, 音乐就停止了。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
Now this moment so fascinates me. 这个时刻让我觉得非常有意思。
I find it such a profound one. 我觉得它如此深刻。
What happens when the music stops?
Where does it go? What's left? 它去那儿了？留下了什么？
What sticks with people in the audience at the end of a performance ? 在演出结束的时候,留给观众的是什么？
performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
Is it a melody or a rhythm or a mood or an attitude ? 是一个旋律还是一组节奏
melody:n.旋律;歌曲;美妙的音乐; rhythm:n.节奏;韵律; mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛; attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
And how might that change their lives? 那又是如何改变他们的生活的？
To me this is the intimate , personal side of music. 对我来说,这是音乐的私密,私人的一面。
intimate:n.知己; v.暗示; adj.亲密的;
It's the passing on part. It's the 'why' part of it. 这是传承的那部分,是“为什么”那部分。
And to me that's the most essential of all. 在我看来,这是所有的概念中最核心的部分。
Mostly it's been a person-to-person thing, a teacher-student, performer-audience thing, and then around 1880 came this new technology that first mechanically then through analogs then digitally 而到了1880年出现了一种新技术 开始是机械的,然后是模拟电路,然后是数字电路
person-to-person:adj.私人间的; v.面对面地; mechanically:adv.机械地;呆板地;物理上地; analogs:n.类似物(analog的复数);同型物; digitally:adv.数位;
created a new and miraculous way of passing things on, albeit an impersonal one. 开创了新的,奇迹般的方式,传承事物
miraculous:adj.不可思议的,奇迹的; albeit:conj.虽然;即使; impersonal:adj.客观的; n.非人称动词;
People could now hear music all the time, even though it wasn't necessary for them to play an instrument, read music or even go to concerts. 人们可以一直听音乐, 即使他们不不一定 要演奏乐器,读乐谱或者甚至到音乐会去。
And technology democratized music by making everything available. 技术让一切都成为可能,让音乐更大众化。
democratized:vt.使民主化;使大众化;vi.民主化;大众化;
It spearheaded a cultural revolution in which artists like Caruso and Bessie Smith were on the same footing. 在这场革命里,Caruso（1873 – 1921意大利男高音）和Bessie Smith （1894 – 1937最著名的蓝调音乐歌手）站在同一个起跑线上。
spearheaded:v.做…的先锋;带头做;领先突击;(spearhead的过去分词和过去式) cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
And technology pushed composers to tremendous extremes , using computers and synthesizers to create works of intellectually impenetrable complexity beyond the means of performers and audiences. 技术把作曲家推向了惊人的极致, 超越了表演者和观众的所见到过的手法。
extremes:n.极端不同的感情;极端;极度;极限;(extreme的复数) synthesizers:n.合成者;[电]合成器;(synthesizers是synthesizer的复数); intellectually:adv.智力上;理智地;知性上; impenetrable:adj.不能通过的;顽固的;费解的;不接纳的; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
At the same time technology, by taking over the role that notation had always played, shifted the balance within music between instinct and intelligence way over to the instinctive side. 同时,技术 通过取代记谱一直以来所起的作用, 把本能和智慧之间的平衡倾斜到 本能的那一面。
At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); instinctive:adj.本能的;直觉的;天生的;
The culture in which we live now is awash with music of improvisation that's been sliced , diced , layered and, God knows, distributed and sold. 我们现在所生活在其中的文化 被即兴表演的音乐所淹没 那些音乐被分成片,切割成小块,分出层次 并且,天知道,传播并且出售。
awash:adj.被浪冲打的;与水面齐平的;充斥的; sliced:adj.(食物)已切成薄片的;v.切成薄片;分配(slice的过去式和过去分词); diced:adj.切粒的;v.掷骰子;切成小方块;碎成细粒(dice的过去分词); layered:adj.分层的;层状的;v.分层堆积;用压条法培植(layer的过去分词); distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式)
What's the long-term effect of this on us or on music? 这种情况长期下去对于我们,或者对于音乐的影响是什么？
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
Nobody knows.
The question remains: What happens when the music stops? 问题依然是:当音乐停止的时候,会怎么样？
What sticks with people?
Now that we have unlimited access to music, what does stick with us? 现在我们随时随地都可以听的音乐,它们带给我们的是什么？
unlimited:adj.无限制的;无限量的;无条件的;
Well let me show you a story of what I mean by "really sticking with us." 我用一个小故事来解释我的意思
I was visiting a cousin of mine in an old age home, and I spied a very shaky old man making his way across the room on a walker. 我看到一个颤抖的老人
shaky:adj.摇晃的;不可靠的;不坚定的;
He came over to a piano that was there, and he balanced himself and began playing something like this. 他来到那里放着的一架钢琴跟前,
(Music) （音乐）
And he said something like, "Me ... boy ... symphony ... Beethoven."
And I suddenly got it, and I said, "Friend, by any chance are you trying to play this?" 然后我说,“朋友,你是不是偶尔会弹这个？”
(Music)
And he said, "Yes, yes. I was a little boy. 然后他说,“是的,是的,当时我还是个小孩子。
The symphony: Isaac Stern , the concerto, I heard it." 交响乐,Issac Stern, 协奏曲,我听到了。“
Stern:n.船尾;末端;adj.严厉的;坚定的;
And I thought, my God, how much must this music mean to this man that he would get himself out of his bed, across the room to recover the memory of this music 然后我想,上帝啊, 音乐对这个人到底意味着什么 能让这个人从床上起来,穿过房间 重新开启他关于这首曲子的记忆
that, after everything else in his life is sloughing away, still means so much to him? 在他生命里其他所有的事情都离他远去之后, 依然对于他意味着这么多？
sloughing:v.在泥浆中艰难行进;使陷入泥坑;脱落;崩塌(slough的ing形式);n.蜕皮;
Well, that's why I take every performance so seriously, why it matters to me so much. 这就是为什么我对待每次演出都如此的认真,
I never know who might be there, who might be absorbing it and what will happen to it in their life. 在他们的生活里会发生什么。
absorbing:adj.引人入胜的;精彩的;v.吸收;吞并;同化;理解;(absorb的现在分词)
But now I'm excited that there's more chance than ever before possible of sharing this music. 但是现在,我非常兴奋的是,和以往任何时候相比,我们分享
That's what drives my interest in projects like the TV series "Keeping Score" with the San Francisco Symphony that looks at the backstories of music, and working with the young musicians at the New World Symphony on projects that explore the potential of the new performing arts centers for both entertainment and education. 讲述音乐背后的故事, 并且和新世界交响乐团的年轻音乐家一起 尝试寻找潜在的 信表演场所 服务于娱乐界和教育。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; backstories:背景事件; explore:v.探索:探测:探险: performing arts:n.表演艺术;
And of course, the New World Symphony led to the YouTube Symphony and projects on the internet that reach out to musicians and audiences all over the world. 影响到全世界各个角落的音乐家和观众。
And the exciting thing is all this is just a prototype .
prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态;
There's just a role here for so many people -- teachers, parents, performers -- to be explorers together. 它们为那么多人都提供了一个机会…… 一起探索。
explorers:n.探险者;勘探者;考察者;(explorer的复数)
Sure, the big events attract a lot of attention, but what really matters is what goes on every single day.
We need your perspectives , your curiosity , your voices. 我们需要你们的眼光,你们的好奇心,你们的声音。
perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式); curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
And it excites me now to meet people who are hikers , chefs, code writers, taxi drivers, people I never would have guessed who loved the music and who are passing it on. 那些我从没有想过会喜欢音乐的人 那些传承音乐的人。
hikers:n.背包客;徙步旅行者(hiker的复数);
You don't need to worry about knowing anything. 你不用担心自己知道的不多。
If you're curious , if you have a capacity for wonder, if you're alive, you know all that you need to know. 你就知道你所需要知道的一切。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
You can start anywhere. Ramble a bit.
Ramble:n.漫步;漫游;随笔;vt.漫步于…;vi.漫步;漫游;闲逛;漫谈;蔓延;
Follow traces . Get lost. Be surprised, amused inspired.
traces:v.跟踪;探索;n.痕迹;踪迹;(trace的复数和第三人单数) amused:adj.好笑的;逗乐的;v.逗乐;逗笑;(使)娱乐;(amuse的过去分词和过去式)
All that 'what', all that 'how' is out there waiting for you to discover its 'why', to dive in and pass it on. 等着你去发现背后的”为什么“,
dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动);
Thank you.
(Applause) （鼓掌）