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MichaelHansmeyer_2012G-_塑造不可思议_
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| As an architect , I often ask myself, what is the origin of the forms that we design? |
作为一个建筑师,我经常扣心自问, 我们设计出来的造型的来源是什么？ |
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architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者; origin:n.起源;起因;源头;出身;
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| What kind of forms could we design if we wouldn't work with references anymore? |
如果不去参考别人的作品 那么我们会设计出怎样的造型呢？ |
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references:n.提到; v.查阅; (reference的第三人称单数和复数)
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| If we had no bias , if we had no preconceptions , what kind of forms could we design if we could free ourselves from our experience? |
如果我们没有偏好,没有先入之见, 我们又会设计出怎样的造型呢？ 如果我们将自己从 积累的经验中解锢出来呢？ |
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bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的; preconceptions:n.偏见(preconception的复数);先入之见;先前概念;
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| If we could free ourselves from our education? |
如果我们能挣脱教育的束缚呢？ |
| What would these unseen forms look like? |
这些前所未有的造型会是什么样子的？ |
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unseen:adj.看不见的,未看见的;未经预习的;n.(事前未看过原文的)即席翻译;
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| Would they surprise us? Would they intrigue us? |
会让我们眼前一亮吗？会激起我们的兴趣吗？ |
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intrigue:n.阴谋;诡计;复杂的事;私通;v.用诡计取得;激起...的兴趣;私通;密谋;
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| Would they delight us? |
会让我们感到愉悦吗？ |
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delight:n.高兴;vi.高兴;vt.使高兴;
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| If so, then how can we go about creating something that is truly new? |
如果是这样的话,我们要怎样去创造真正新颖的东西呢？ |
| I propose we look to nature. |
我建议在大自然中找答案 |
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propose:v.建议;提议;求婚;打算;
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| Nature has been called the greatest architect of forms. |
大自然一向被称为是伟大的造型建筑师 |
| And I'm not saying that we should copy nature, |
我意思不是去仿造大自然 |
| I'm not saying we should mimic biology , instead I propose that we can borrow nature's processes . |
也不是去模仿生物 而是借鉴大自然的方法 |
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mimic:vt.模仿,摹拟;n.效颦者,模仿者;仿制品;小丑;adj.模仿的,模拟的;假装的; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
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| We can abstract them and to create something that is new. |
我们能取其精华然后创造出新的东西 |
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abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要;
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| Nature's main process of creation , morphogenesis , is the splitting of one cell into two cells. |
大自然的主要造物方法,所谓的形态建成 就是一个细胞分裂成两个 |
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creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; morphogenesis:n.[胚]形态发生;
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| And these cells can either be identical , or they can be distinct from each other through asymmetric cell division . |
这些细胞或者形态相同 或者通过不对称细胞分裂 而彼此形态各异 |
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identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; asymmetric:adj.不对称的;非对称的; division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧;
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| If we abstract this process, and simplify it as much as possible, then we could start with a single sheet of paper, one surface, and we could make a fold and divide the surface into two surfaces. |
如果我们提取这个过程,并将它尽可能地简化 那么我们可以从一张纸开始入手 在一个面上我们对折 使它形成两个面 |
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simplify:vt.简化;使单纯;使简易; sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕;
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| We're free to choose where we make the fold. |
我们可以随意选择在哪对折 |
| And by doing so, we can differentiate the surfaces. |
这样做后,我们就能制作不同的面 |
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differentiate:vi.区分,区别;vt.区分,区别;
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| Through this very simple process, we can create an astounding variety of forms. |
通过这一简单的过程, 我们就能创造出无数种变化的造型 |
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astounding:adj.令人震惊的;使大吃一惊的;v.使震惊;使大惊;(astound的现在分词) variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化;
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| Now, we can take this form and use the same process to generate three-dimensional structures , but rather than folding things by hand, we'll bring the structure into the computer, and code it as an algorithm. |
现在,我们用这种形式,用相同的过程 来生成一个三维的结构 但不再是手工折叠 我们就在电脑里操作 然后用运算法则写下代码 |
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generate:v.产生;引起; three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
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| And in doing so, we can suddenly fold anything. |
这样做的话,我们就能瞬间对折任何东西了 |
| We can fold a million times faster, we can fold in hundreds and hundreds of variations . |
我们能将速度提升到一百万倍 我们能折出成千上万种变化 |
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variations:n.变奏曲,变更;[生物]变种(variation的复数形式);
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| And as we're seeking to make something three-dimensional, we start not with a single surface, but with a volume . |
正因为我们试图做出一些三维的东西出来 我们没有从单一的平面入手,而是转向立方体 |
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seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
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| A simple volume, the cube. |
一个简单的立方体--正方形 |
| If we take its surfaces and fold them again and again and again and again, then after 16 iterations, 16 steps, we end up with 400,000 s urfaces and a shape that looks, for instance, like this. |
如果我们将它的各平面对折 并且不断地对折 反复进行16次,16个步骤后, 我们得到了400,000个面,和一个这样的形状 比如说,像这样。 |
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again and again:adv.再三地,反复地;
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| And if we change where we make the folds, if we change the folding ratio, then this cube turns into this one. |
如果我们改变一下对折的地方 如果我们改变下对折的比率 那么这个立方体就会变成这样 |
| We can change the folding ratio again to produce this shape, or this shape. |
我们还能通过调节对折比率做出这种造型, 或这种 |
| So we exert control over the form by specifying the position of where we're making the fold, but essentially you're looking at a folded cube. |
所以我们能通过指定对折的位置 从而对造型进行控制 但事实上你们看到的只是一个经过折叠的立方体 |
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exert:v.施加;努力;运用;行使; specifying:v.具体说明;明确规定;详述;详列;(specify的现在分词) essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
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| And we can play with this. |
我们也能这样做 |
| We can apply different folding ratios to different parts of the form to create local conditions. |
我们可以对不同的部位采用不同的对折比率 从而调节出不同部位的特色 |
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apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; ratios:n.比率(ratio的复数); v.以比率表示;
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| We can begin to sculpt the form. |
我们就能开始进行造型了 |
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sculpt:vt.造型;雕刻;vi.造型;雕刻;n.雕刻品;
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| And because we're doing the folding on the computer, we are completely free of any physical constraints . |
由于这些对折是在电脑上进行的 所以我们完全不收任何物理禁锢 |
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physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
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| So that means that surfaces can intersect themselves, they can become impossibly small. |
这也意味着这些面能相互交叉 也能变得极其的微小 |
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intersect:v.相交,交叉;横断,横切;贯穿; impossibly:adv.不可能地;难以置信地;无法可想地;
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| We can make folds that we otherwise could not make. |
我们能摆脱常规进行折叠 |
| Surfaces can become porous . |
表面可以变得多孔 |
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porous:adj.多孔渗水的;能渗透的;有气孔的;
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| They can stretch . They can tear. |
可以延伸,也可以撕扯 |
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stretch:v.伸展;延伸;伸出;舒展;n.伸展;弹性;舒展;一片;adj.有弹力的;
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| And all of this expounds the scope of forms that we can produce. |
所有的这一切都证明了我们造型的范围 |
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scope:n.能力; v.仔细看;
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| But in each case, I didn't design the form. |
但在每个实例中,我并没对造型进行设计。 |
| I designed the process that generated the form. |
我只是设计了创造造型的过程 |
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generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
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| In general , if we make a small change to the folding ratio, which is what you're seeing here, then the form changes correspondingly . |
总之,哪怕我们对对折比例做出小小的调整 正如你目前所见到的 这个造型也会相应做出改变 |
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In general:总之,通常;一般而言; small change:n.小面额硬币;(非正式)无关紧要的人(或事); correspondingly:adv.相应地,相对地;
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| But that's only half of the story -- 99.9 percent of the folding ratios produce not this, but this, the geometric equivalent of noise. |
但故事到这里只不过才进行了一半 99.9%的对折比例产生的不是这种形态, 而是这种形态,在几何学上等同于噪音 |
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geometric:adj.几何学的;[数]几何学图形的; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
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| The forms that I showed before were made actually through very long trial and error. |
那些我刚展示的造型 其实是经过了长时间的试验和挫折 |
| A far more effective way to create forms, I have found, is to use information that is already contained in forms. |
进行造型时,我发现了一种效率极高的方式 就是利用已经包含在造型里的信息 |
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effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
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| A very simple form such as this one actually contains a lot of information that may not be visible to the human eye. |
在一个简单的造型里,比方这个 它就包含了很多我们肉眼看不到的信息 |
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visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目;
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| So, for instance, we can plot the length of the edges. |
所以,我们可以标绘出边缘的长度 |
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plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表);
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| White surfaces have long edges, black ones have short ones. |
白色表面的边缘较长,黑色的则较短 |
| We can plot the planarity of the surfaces, their curvature , how radial they are -- all information that may not be instantly visible to you, but that we can bring out , that we can articulate , and that we can use to control the folding. |
我们能标绘出这些面的平面度和曲率 它们有多放射状--所有的这些信息 不一定立马就能被你看到 但我们能发现它,我们能将之描述出来 我们能运用这些信息来控制如何折叠 |
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planarity:n.[数]平面性;平面化; curvature:n.弯曲,[数]曲率; radial:adj.半径的;放射状的;光线的;光线状的;n.射线,光线; bring out:出版,生产;使显示;说出; articulate:vt.清晰地发(音); vi.发音; adj.发音清晰的;
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| So now I'm not specifying a single ratio anymore to fold it, but instead I'm establishing a rule, |
所以我不再指定一个 单一的折叠率进行对折 相反,我确立了一个规则 |
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establishing:v.建立;创立;设立;使稳固;(establish的现在分词)
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| I'm establishing a link between a property of a surface and how that surface is folded. |
我将一个面的属性和它怎样被折叠 给联系起来 |
| And because I've designed the process and not the form, |
也正因为我设计的是方法而非造型 |
| I can run the process again and again and again to produce a whole family of forms. |
所以我能够一次又一次地使用这种方法 以此得到一个族系的造型 |
| These forms look elaborate , but the process is a very minimal one. |
这些造型看起来很精细,但制作的方法却很简单 |
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elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂; minimal:adj.最低的;最小限度的;
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| There is a simple input , it's always a cube that I start with, and it's a very simple operation -- it's making a fold, and doing this over and over again . |
一个简单的输入 我一直都从立方体着手 而且操作也简单--就对折 不断对折 |
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input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机; over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地;
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| So let's bring this process to architecture . |
所以我们不妨将这个过程引入建筑学 |
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architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
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| How? And at what scale ? |
怎么做？以什么准则？ |
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scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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| I chose to design a column . |
我决定设计一根柱子 |
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column:n.栏目,纵队;
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| Columns are architectural archetypes . |
柱子是建筑的基模 |
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Columns:n.柱:(通常为)圆形石柱:(书,报纸印刷页上的)栏(column的复数) architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的; archetypes:n.[生物]原型(archetyp的复数形式);基模;
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| They've been used throughout history to express ideals about beauty, about technology . |
纵观历史,柱子被用来表达 美感,科技 |
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throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| A challenge to me was how we could express this new algorithmic order in a column. |
我遇到的挑战是我们要怎样 在柱子表达这些新的算法 |
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algorithmic:adj.[数]算法的;规则系统的;
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| I started using four cylinders . |
我一开始用了四根圆柱体 |
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cylinders:n.汽缸;圆筒(cylinder的复数);[数]圆柱体;
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| Through a lot of experimentation , these cylinders eventually evolved into this. |
通过大量的试验,这些圆柱体 最终进化成这个样子 |
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experimentation:n.实验;试验; eventually:adv.最后,终于; evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式)
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| And these columns, they have information at very many scales . |
而且这些柱子蕴含信息的范围很广 |
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scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数)
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| We can begin to zoom into them. |
我们放大来看 |
| The closer one gets, the more new features one discovers. |
你越靠近,就会越发现新特点 |
| Some formations are almost at the threshold of human visibility . |
一些构造几乎就要超出人类的视觉范围 |
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formations:n.形成(formation的复数形式);形态;队形; threshold:n.入口;门槛;开始;极限;临界值; visibility:n.可见性;能见度;能见距离
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| And unlike traditional architecture, it's a single process that creates both the overall form and the microscopic surface detail. |
这不像传统的建筑学 它只需一个简单的方法就能同时获得 整体的造型和显微的表面细节 |
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traditional:传统的,惯例的, overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的; microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的;
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| These forms are undrawable. |
这些造型是画不出来的 |
| An architect who's drawing them with a pen and a paper would probably take months, or it would take even a year to draw all the sections, all of the elevations , you can only create something like this through an algorithm. |
建筑师如果想用笔和纸把他们画出来 可能要画上好几个月 想把各个部分,各个正面图都画出来 甚至得画上一年,你只能通过 运算法则得到这些东西 |
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elevations:n.海拔高度(elevation的复数);高举步;
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| The more interesting question, perhaps, is, are these forms imaginable ? |
更有趣的问题,也许是 这些造型是可以想象出来的吗？ |
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imaginable:adj.可能的;可想像的;
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| Usually, an architect can somehow envision the end state of what he is designing. |
大多数情况,建筑师都能在脑海里浮现自己所设计的 最终效果图 |
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somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; envision:v.想象;预想;
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| In this case, the process is deterministic . |
而在这种情况下,起决定作用的是那个过程 |
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deterministic:adj.确定性的;命运注定论的;
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| There's no randomness involved at all, but it's not entirely predictable . |
毫无随意性的存在 也非完全可预见 |
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randomness:n.随意;无安排;不可测性; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) predictable:adj.可预言的;
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| There's too many surfaces, there's too much detail, one can't see the end state. |
有太多太多的平面 有太多的细节,谁也看不到最终效果 |
| So this leads to a new role for the architect. |
这也就赋予了建筑师新的角色 |
| One needs a new method to explore all of the possibilities that are out there. |
他们需要一种新方法去探索各种可能性 而它们就在那里 |
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explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
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| For one thing , one can design many variants of a form, in parallel , and one can cultivate them. |
一方面,建筑师可以设计出一个造型的不同变体 同时,他又可以让它们发展出其他的形态 |
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For one thing:首先;一则; variants:n.[计]变体;变异型(variant的复数); parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作;
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| And to go back to the analogy with nature, one can begin to think in terms of populations, one can talk about permutations , about generations, about crossing and breeding to come up with a design. |
当回到利用大自然进行类比时 建筑师可以参照种群进行思考 他们可以从种群的变换,世代 相交和繁衍中寻找创意 |
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analogy:n.类比;类推;类似; permutations:n.[数]排列(permutation的复数); breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生;v.生产;培育;使…繁殖;(breed的现在分词) come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
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| And the architect is really, he moves into the position of being an orchestrator of all of these processes. |
而且建筑师真的变身为 整个创作过程的管弦乐演奏家 |
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orchestrator:n.管弦乐演奏家;管弦乐编曲家;
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| But enough of the theory. |
理论说的足够多了 |
| At one point I simply wanted to jump inside this image, so to say, I bought these red and blue 3D glasses, got up very close to the screen, but still that wasn't the same as being able to walk around and touch things. |
我曾一度想跳进这个画面中 打个比方,我买了些红蓝3D眼镜 凑到屏幕前去看 依然得不到那种 漫步其中亲密接触的感觉 |
| So there was only one possibility -- to bring the column out of the computer. |
所以就只有一种做法 把它从电脑里带到现实中来 |
| There's been a lot of talk now about 3D printing. |
其实现在有很多3D印刷的理论 |
| For me, or for my purpose at this moment, there's still too much of an unfavorable tradeoff between scale, on the one hand , and resolution and speed, on the other. |
但对我来说,或就我目前的想法而言, 依旧是有太多在比例上不尽人意的权衡 一方面,是比例,另一方面,则是分辨率和速率 |
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unfavorable:adj.不宜的;令人不快的;不顺利的; tradeoff:n.权衡;折衷;(公平)交易(等于trade-off); on the one hand:一方面; resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议;
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| So instead, we decided to take the column, and we decided to build it as a layered model, made out of very many slices , thinly stacked over each other. |
所以,我们决定把柱子 以层级模式给做出来 以多切割,薄层叠的方式展现出来 |
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layered:adj.分层的;层状的;v.分层堆积;用压条法培植(layer的过去分词); slices:n.切片,切割(slice的复数形式);v.切成薄片(slice的三单形式); thinly:adv.薄;稀疏地;细;瘦; stacked:adj.放有大量…的; v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞、一堆); (stack的过去分词和过去式)
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| What you're looking at here is an X-ray of the column that you just saw, viewed from the top. |
你们目前看到的是刚刚那个柱子 的x射线图,从上往下看的 |
| Unbeknownst to me at the time, because we had only seen the outside, the surfaces were continuing to fold themselves, to grow on the inside of the column, which was quite a surprising discovery. |
我当时感到很新颖 因为以前都是从外面去看 那些面还在不停地对折 而且是在柱子的内部对折 这个发现是个惊喜 |
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Unbeknownst:adv.不知地;adj.不知的;
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| From this shape, we calculated a cutting line, and then we gave this cutting line to a laser cutter to produce -- and you're seeing a segment of it here -- very many thin slices, individually cut, on top of each other. |
从这个模型中我们算出了一条切割线 然后我们用激光切割机进行切割 从而制造--你现在看到的是一个部分 有很多相互堆积而成的很薄的切面 |
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cutter:n.刀具,切割机;切割者;裁剪者; segment:n.段;部分;片;弓形;v.分割;划分; individually:adv.个别地,单独地;
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| And this is a photo now, it's not a rendering , and the column that we ended up with after a lot of work, ended up looking remarkably like the one that we had designed in the computer. |
这是一张照片,不是绘制出来的 在付出很多心血后, 我们得到了这个振奋人心的柱子 就如同我们在电脑中设计的一样 |
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rendering:n.演奏;扮演;表演;翻译作品;v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;(render的现在分词) remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地
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| Almost all of the details, almost all of the surface intricacies were preserved . |
几乎所以的细节 几乎所有的复杂平面都得以保留 |
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intricacies:n.纷繁难懂之处;错综复杂的事物; preserved:v.保护;维护;保留;保存;保养;(preserve的过去式和过去分词)
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| But it was very labor intensive . |
但这相当地耗费劳动力 |
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intensive:adj.加强的;集中的;透彻的;加强语气的;n.加强器;
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| There's a huge disconnect at the moment still between the virtual and the physical. |
目前,虚拟空间和物理存在之间 仍存在巨大的断层 |
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disconnect:vt.拆开,使分离;vi.断开; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认);
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| It took me several months to design the column, but ultimately it takes the computer about 30 seconds to calculate all of the 16 million faces. |
我们花了好几个月去塑造这根柱子 而运算这个1600万个表面 电脑只需简单的30秒就搞定 |
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ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
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| The physical model, on the other hand , is 2,700 layers , one millimeter thick, it weighs 700 kilos, it's made of sheet that can cover this entire auditorium . |
另一方面,这个实体模型 有2700层1毫米厚的叠层 重约700公斤,是用可以覆盖这整个礼堂 的薄板做成的 |
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on the other hand:另一方面; layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数) millimeter:n.毫米; auditorium:n.礼堂,会堂;观众席;
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| And the cutting path that the laser followed goes from here to the airport and back again. |
激光所切割出来的路径 够从这里到机场一个来回 |
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airport:n.机场;航空港;
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| But it is increasingly possible. |
但这一切变得越来越有希望 |
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increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
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| Machines are getting faster, it's getting less expensive, and there's some promising technological developments just on the horizon . |
机器不断地在加速,价格也不断地在下降 一些有希望有前途的高科技发展 也即将面世 |
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technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; horizon:n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围;
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| These are images from the Gwangju Biennale. |
这些是光州艺术展上的图片 |
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images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
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| And in this case, I used ABS plastic to produce the columns, we used the bigger, faster machine, and they have a steel core inside, so they're structural , they can bear loads for once. |
在那里,我用了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料来做原料 我们采用了更大更快的机器 柱子中心都内置钢铁核心,所以不单有结构性 还能负重 |
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core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; structural:adj.结构的;建筑的;
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| Each column is effectively a hybrid of two columns. |
每根柱子都是两根柱子的混合体 |
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hybrid:n.杂种,混血儿;混合物;adj.混合的;杂种的;
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| You can see a different column in the mirror, if there's a mirror behind the column that creates a sort of an optical illusion . |
你能在镜子中看到不同的柱子 这些柱子后面的镜子 能产生一种视觉错觉的效果 |
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optical illusion:n.视错觉;错视;视觉幻象;
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| So where does this leave us? |
这些都说明什么呢？ |
| I think this project gives us a glimpse of the unseen objects that await us if we as architects begin to think about designing not the object, but a process to generate objects. |
我觉得这个项目让我们得以一瞥那些等待我们去发掘的前所未见的东西 作为建筑师的我们不妨思考一下,我们不是要设计物品 而是去设计一种方法来创造物品 |
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glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹; await:v.等候;等待;期待; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
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| I've shown one simple process that was inspired by nature; there's countless other ones. |
我已经展示了受大自然启发的一个方法 但方法是无穷尽的 |
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inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的;
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| In short, we have no constraints. |
简而言之,我们不受约束 |
| Instead, we have processes in our hands right now that allow us to create structures at all scales that we couldn't even have dreamt up. |
相反,此刻我们手中掌握着的是各种方法 能使我们创造出以前不敢想象的 不受任何比例的约束的构造 |
| And, if I may add, at one point we will build them. |
我希望,在某个时候我能将之付诸实践。 |
| Thank you. (Applause) |
谢谢（掌声） |