MichaelGreen.2019X-.旗帜如何团结（和分裂）我们.-；TED演讲稿

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MichaelGreen_2019X-_旗帜如何团结（和分裂）我们_-
In 1989, an artist by the name of Dread Scott, who has also graced the TED stage, created a piece of art in Chicago, where he simply placed an American flag on the ground	在 1989 年, 德拉得 · 斯科特（Dread Scott）, 一位也曾在 TED 舞台上亮相过的艺术家, 在芝加哥创造了一件艺术作品。他只是简单地把美国国旗铺在地上,
by the name of:名叫;以…的名义; Dread:n.恐惧;可怕的人(或物);vi.惧怕;担心;vt.惧怕;担心;adj.可怕的; graced:v.为增色;为锦上添花;使荣耀;使生辉;(grace的过去分词和过去式)
and then invited you the viewer to go and stand on that flag and record how it felt in a journal .	随后邀请人们前往参观, 站在那面旗帜上, 并在一本日记本上记录下自己的感受。
journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报;
And to me, one of the most powerful things written in that journal, in essence , says, "Why are we so OK with homeless people, with human beings laying on the ground, but not flags?"	对我来说,那本日记中最强有力的一段文字是: “为什么我们可以接受无家可归的人, 那些有生命的人躺在地上, 而非旗帜？”
in essence:本质上;其实;大体上;
And to some of you, this piece of art is quite disturbing .	这幅作品可能会让你们有些人感到不舒服。
disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
And that's kind of the point of this talk -- not to upset you or to make you mad but to prove to you that flags have an incredible power, and that even if you think you don't care about flags, you do.	不过这似乎是我此次演讲的意义—— 不是为了让你感到不爽或生气, 而是向你证明旗帜有着令人难以置信的力量, 即使你认为自己不在乎它, 但其实你是在乎的,
upset:adj.沮丧; v.打乱; n.苦恼; (意外的)混乱; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
You know you do.	而且你知道这一点。
Alright.	好了。
By the end of it, I hope that you're inspired to go out and harness this power of flags and fight for a better world.	在演讲的最后, 我希望你能受到些许启发, 走出去,驾驭旗帜的力量, 并为更美好的世界而奋斗。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) harness:vt.治理; n.马具;
But before we get there, we're going to start on the opposite end of the spectrum .	但在那之前, 我们需要从其对立面开启这一话题。
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
And before I show you the next stuff , I need to say that anything I show here is not an endorsement , it's usually quite the opposite.	在我展示下一张幻灯片前, 我需要说明: 我在这儿展示的任何东西, 都不代表个人的支持或认可, 通常是相反的情况。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: endorsement:n.赞同,支持,认可;宣传,代言;违章记录;
But more than anything, what I want to do is create a space here where we can look at these flags, these designs, and examine how they make us feel.	但最重要的是, 我想要在这儿创建一个空间—— 我们可以看看那些旗帜、它们的设计, 并且研究它们到底给予了我们什么样的感受。
We're going to talk about our emotions .	我们将要谈论自己的情绪。
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
Is that OK with everybody?	大家没问题吧？
OK.	好。
Are you ready for your first flag?	准备好面对你的第一面旗了吗？
Cool, we'll start with an easy one.	很好,我们先从轻松的开始。
That was a joke. (Laughs)	开个玩笑。（笑声）
So, some of you may be a little bit uneasy sitting in a room with this.	在座有些人和这面旗共处一室, 或许会产生一些不安的情绪。
uneasy:adj.担心的;忧虑的;不安的;不稳定的;
I'm certainly feeling uneasy standing in front of it.	我站在它前面绝对感到了不安。
Some of you may be feeling a little bit of pride.	而你们有些人可能会感到骄傲自豪。
And that's understandable . This is Texas. This is not a rare sight, is it?	这是可以理解的。这是德克萨斯州。这并不罕见,对吧？
understandable:adj.可以理解的;可以了解的;
But let's start with the facts.	不过让我们先明确一些事实。
So this is not the Confederate flag. OK?	首先,这不是联邦旗。
Confederate:n.同盟国,同盟者; adj.同盟的,联合的; vt.使联盟; vi.同盟;
This is the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia led by General Robert E. Lee.	这是由罗伯特 · 李将军（Robert E. Lee）领导的北弗吉尼亚军队的战旗。
Virginia:adj.弗吉尼亚州的;
So next time someone tells you that this is their heritage , unless their family fought for that very specific militia , they're wrong, alright?	所以下次有人告诉你这是他们的文化遗产, 除非他们的家族有人曾加入那只军队,参与过战争, 不然他们的说辞是错误的。
heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; militia:n.民兵组织;自卫队;义勇军;国民军;
And you have a flag expert's permission to tell them so.	你可以这样告诉他们, 因为旗帜专家是这么说的。
This flag rose into prominence during the mid-1950s and '60s as a response to the growing Civil Rights Movement .	在 1950 年代和 60 年代中期, 随着民权运动不断发展, 作为一种回应, 该旗帜的重要性日渐突显。
prominence:n.突出;显著;突出物;卓越; response:n.响应;反应;回答; Civil Rights Movement:n.(美国)民权运动(20世纪50年代和60年代非裔美国人争取平等权利的运动);
And then of course today, it has come to represent the Confederacy to most of us.	当然,到了今天, 这面旗在我们大多数人眼里代表的是南方联盟。
represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; Confederacy:n.联盟;联邦;私党;
But I shouldn't have to remind you what the Confederacy is.	但我应该不用提醒你什么是联盟。
remind:v.提醒;使想起;
It was a rogue nation that rose up against the United States, waged war on the US, and at one point in time, this was one of the most un-American things you could have.	那是一个流氓般的国度, 反对美利坚合众国, 首先发起了战争, 曾在历史的某个时刻, 这是一件绝非美国的人会做的事。
rogue:n.流氓; v.游手好闲; adj.(野兽)凶猛的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) waged:adj.有职业的;有工作的;支付工资的;v.进行;开始(wage的过去分词); un-American:adj.反美的;非美国式的;
But yet, this flag is protected by the same laws that protect the United States flag in the states of Florida, Georgia,	不过,这面旗帜受到了在佛罗里达、佐治亚州、南卡罗来纳州、密西西比州和路易斯安那州
South Carolina , Mississippi and Louisiana .	保护美国国旗的相同法律的保护。
Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部); Louisiana:n.美国路易斯安那州;
But let's pick on Georgia for a second, shall we?	让我们看看佐治亚州,怎么样？
So in 1956, a few years after desegregation was mandated in public schools,	在 1956 年, 在公立学校要求取消种族隔离的几年后,
desegregation:n.废止种族歧视; mandated:adj.托管的; v.强制执行; (mandate的过去分词和过去式)
Georgia changed their state flag to this.	佐治亚州的州旗被换成了这个。
I think everyone watching can agree that this was not meant to be a flag that every Georgian was proud to fly outside of their home, was it?	我想你们每个看着这面旗的人都会同意, 这不是一面每个佐治亚州人会自豪的挂在在门外的旗帜,对吧？
No.	是的。
Just like all of the Confederate statues erected in the mid-1950s and '60s, this was meant to be a symbol of who was in charge and who was not.	这就像在 1950 至 1960 年代中期竖立起的联盟雕像一般, 这象征着谁手握权力, 而谁手中无权。
statues:n.[建]雕像(statue的复数);v.在…处装饰;用雕像装饰(statue的三单形式); erected:adj.直立的;正立的;v.建立;竖立(erect的过去分词); symbol:n.象征;符号;标志;
This remained the flag of Georgia until the year 2001, and in that year, they changed their flag to this.	这面旗帜作为佐治亚州的州旗一直保留到了 2001 年, 在那一年,他们将旗帜换成了这个。
Now, as a flag expert, I can tell you: this is officially ugly .	现在,作为一个旗帜专家, 我能告诉你:这面旗奇丑无比。
ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
OK? It's OK to laugh at this flag.	是吧？你想笑也没关系。
It's ugly, and because it's so ugly, that's one of the reasons they changed it just two years later.	这面旗很丑,因为它太丑了, 所以仅在两年后, 这成为了更改旗帜设计的原因之一。
They had a referendum where they got to choose between that thing and then what is now the current flag of Georgia.	他们进行了一次公投, 要人们从这两面旗帜中选一个。于是这面旗成了现在佐治亚州的州旗。
referendum:n.公民投票权;外交官请示书;
Now some of you might be wondering, "Wait a second, Michael -- if that before wasn't the Confederate flag, what was the Confederate flag?"	在座的有些人可能会想: 等等,迈克尔—— 如果之前的那个不是联盟旗, 那什么是联盟旗？
Georgia flies the first flag of the Confederate States of America to this day .	乔治亚州直至今日依旧悬挂着美利坚联盟国的第一面旗帜。
Confederate States:n.(美国)南部邦联(1860–1861年脱离合众国从而引发南北战争的美国南部11州); to this day:至今;
They just slapped their state seal on it.	他们只是在那上面盖了个代表乔治亚州的章。
slapped:v.(用手掌)打,拍,掴;随意扔放;(slap的过去分词和过去式)
Well, let's go back to our emotions for a second.	让我们平复一下情绪。
That didn't punch you in the gut as much as the other one did, did it?	这并没有像另一面旗帜一样那么令人厌烦,不是吗？
punch:n.冲床; v.拳打; (用打孔器等)打孔; gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的
Right?	对吧？
And that's why I love flags.	这就是我喜欢旗帜的原因。
They are the simplest pieces of design, usually just two or three colors, just some bars or stripes .	它们有着最简单的设计, 通常只是两三种颜色, 外加一些条纹。
stripes:n.条子布;条纹布(stripe复数形式);v.给…加条纹(stripe的三单形式);
But yet, they can invoke the deepest emotions within us.	但它们仍然能唤起我们内心最深处的情感。
invoke:vt.调用;祈求;引起;恳求;
They'll make us swell with pride or burn with hatred .	它们会让我们变得骄傲自满, 或是激发仇恨。
swell:n.海浪的涌动; v.膨胀; adj.很愉快的; hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶;
We will die for a flag or even kill for one.	我们会为了一面旗帜而亡, 甚至是残杀他人。
One of my favorite designers, his name is Wally Olins, they call him the father of nation branding , and he's quoted as saying that "Everyone wants to belong, and then they want to display symbols of belonging."	我最爱的设计师之一名为沃利 · 奥林斯（Wally Olins）, 人们称他为国家品牌之父。他曾说过: “每个人都想要有归属感, 于是他们就会想要展示归属的标志。”
Wally:adj.好的;第一流的;巨大的,高大的;令人喜爱的;n.傻瓜; branding:n.品牌化,品牌术;v.在…上加商标;使显得独一无二(brand的现在分词); quoted:v.引用;引述;举例说明;开价;(quote的过去分词和过去式) display:n.显示;炫耀;vt.显示;表现;陈列;vi.[动]作炫耀行为;adj.展览的;陈列用的; symbols:n.符号;象征;标志;符号表(symbol的复数);
And it's crazy that these pieces of cloth that are just sewn together or dyed come to be such a sacred item , and that's because they become parts of our identity .	这些被缝到一起或是被染上颜色的布料变成了如此神圣的东西, 这真的很疯狂。而这是因为这些经过处理的布料成为了代表我们身份的一部分。
sewn:v.缝纫,缝上;装订(sew的过去分词); dyed:adj.被染色的;v.染色(dye的过去分词形式); item:n.条款,项目;一则;一件商品(或物品);adj.又,同上; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
They are powerful tools to unify but equally powerful tools to divide.	它们是强大的工具—— 可以团结个体,也可以分裂众人。
unify:vt.统一;使相同,使一致;
You ready for the next flag?	你们准备好看下一面旗了吗？
Right.	好,
Take a moment.	花点时间,
Really examine how you felt when this hit the screen.	切实体会一下你在屏幕上看到这面旗时的感受。
I'm going to change the slide pretty quickly so you don't take pictures of me in front of this one.	我会快速地切换这张幻灯片, 防止你们把这面旗当做背景给我拍照。
(Laughter)	（笑声）
Alright?	好吗？
So Germany after World War I, it was in a pretty bad state, and a young Adolf Hitler had a lot of -- let's call them -- "ideas,"	那么,一战后的德国处在一个相当糟糕的状态, 一位名叫阿道夫 · 希特勒的年轻人有很多所谓的“想法”,
of how Germany got to where they'd gotten and how to get them out.	即德国是如何沦落到这个地步的, 以及如何摆脱这个困境。
He spent entire chapters in his book " Mein Kampf,"	他在自传《我的奋斗》中—— 我不是很推荐大家去阅读——
Mein:pron.(德)我的;
which I don't recommend reading, about how Germany lost World War I partially because the British had better graphic design and better propaganda .	用了整个章节详述了德国为何在一战中失利, 部分原因是英国人更善于图形设计以及政治宣传。
recommend:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎; partially:adv.部分地;偏袒地; graphic:adj.形象的;图表的;绘画似的; propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会;
So, as the Nazi Party rose,	所以当纳粹党崛起时,
Hitler created one of the thickest brand guides I've ever seen.	希特勒创作了我所见过的最厚的一本品牌指南——
It's thicker than most company brand guides today, and in it, he details titles and uniforms and lots and lots of flags.	它比如今绝大多数公司的品牌指南都要厚, 而且在其中, 他详细描述了头衔、制服, 以及很多很多旗帜的使用。
uniforms:n.制服;军服;军人;v.使穿制服;(uniform的复数第三人称单词)
Hitler knew the power of flags.	希特勒知道旗帜的力量。
He says in "Mein Kampf,"	他在《我的奋斗》中写道:
'"The new flag ... should prove effective as a large poster ,	“新的旗帜……应该和大尺寸宣传海报一样有效,
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; poster:n.海报;巨幅装饰画;发布消息的人;
[because] in hundreds of thousands of cases a really striking emblem may be the first cause of awakening interest in a movement."	因为在成百上千的情况下, 一个真正醒目的标志可能是人们对一项运动产生兴趣的首要原因。”
emblem:n.象征;徽章;符号;vt.象征;用符号表示;用纹章装饰; awakening:n.醒悟; v.(使)醒来; adj.唤醒的;
He was an artist, after all.	他到底是一名艺术家。
He knew the power of visual identity and uniforms could reignite the German identity.	非常了解视觉识别和制服的力量能够重新激发德国人的身份认同。
visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; reignite:vt.再次点燃;重新激起…;再点火;
And to millions of Germans, this was a welcome sign.	对于上百万德国人来说, 这曾是一个备受欢迎的标志。
But of course, this was also a mark of death to others.	但当然,对于其他人来说, 这也曾是一个死亡的标志。
We don't often think of flags as weapons, but like the Confederate battle flag, the Germans used their flag to make an out-group feel unwelcome and less than.	我们通常不认为旗帜是一种武器, 但是就像联盟国的战旗, 德国人也用他们的旗帜来使外族感到自己不受欢迎, 而且低等。
unwelcome:adj.不受欢迎的;讨厌的;不被接受的;vt.冷淡地对待;n.冷淡;
You see, when you create a flag, you immediately do two things: you create an in-group , a group that's meant to be represented by the symbol, but then, inevitably , you create an out-group.	要知道,当你设计了一面旗, 同时也做了两件事: 你创造了圈内群体, 一个被旗帜所代表的群体, 但不可避免的是, 你也创造了一个圈外群体。
in-group:n.内集团; represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词) inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地;
And usually, that's subtle .	而且通常,这难以发现。
subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的;
It's a byproduct .	这是一个副产物,
byproduct:n.副产品;
It's usually not the intent .	也不是旗帜诞生的意图。
intent:n.意图;目的;含义;adj.专心的;急切的;坚决的;
But the Germans were very clear as to who was represented by the swastika and who was not.	但是德国人非常明确卐代表了哪些人, 谁又被排除在其外。
swastika:纳粹党所用的十字记号(45度°倾斜;代表毁灭的力量);
In 1935, Jewish people were banned from flying German flags.	在 1935 年, 犹太人被禁止悬挂德国国旗。
Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的; banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式)
And in this way, the Germans, maybe more than any other time in history, used the dual power of flags to unite but also to divide.	如此一来, 德国人可能比历史上的任何时候都更能使用旗帜的双重力量来制造团结,同时也制造了分裂。
dual:adj.双的;双重的;n.双数;双数词;
Flags were used as identity weapons.	旗帜被用作了身份武器。
And now, in 2019, the Nazi flag is banned from being flown by anyone in Germany and anyone in Austria , in Hungary, in Russia and in Ukraine .	如今,在 2019 年, 在德国、奥地利、匈牙利、俄罗斯和乌克兰的任何人都被禁止悬挂纳粹旗帜。
Austria:n.奥地利;[国]奥地利;欧洲中南部内陆国家; Ukraine:n.乌克兰(原苏联一加盟共和国,现已独立);
Think about that.	想想看,
It's a piece of cloth, but it's banned.	这只是一块布,却被下了禁令。
On its face, that sounds crazy.	表面上,这听起来很夸张。
But I don't think anyone in this room would disagree that it's probably good.	但我认为我们在座的所有人都会认同说:这可能是件好事。
Sounds a lot like a weapon.	听起来真的很像一种武器。
As a vexillologist, sometimes the most interesting thing about a flag is not so much its design, but it's those laws around the flag.	作为一名旗帜研究人员, 有时候一面旗最有意思的地方并非是其设计, 而是与这面旗相关的法律。
For instance , in India, to create an Indian flag, you must use a hand-spun cloth named " khadi ."	比如, 在印度, 为了制造一面印度国旗, 你必须使用一种名为 khadi 的手纺布。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; hand-spun:手纺纱; khadi:n.印度土布(等于khaddar);
If you make a flag out of anything else, you could go to jail for up to three years.	如果你用其它布料制造国旗, 可能会背叛入狱多达三年。
jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
It's crazy.	这太疯狂了。
Here in Texas, we've all heard that the Texas flag is the only state flag that can fly at the same height as the US, flag, right?	在这里,德克萨斯州, 我们都听说过只有德克萨斯的州旗才能上升至同美国国旗一样的高度,对吧？
Because we were a nation before we were a state.	因为在我们成为一个州之前是一个国家。
Who here has heard that?	在座谁听到过这个说法？
Yeah.	对吧。
Well, I'm here to tell you that is completely false. OK?	而我在这里要说的是, 这个说法完全是错的。
First of all , we were not the only state that was a nation before joining up.	首先,我们并非是唯一一个有着国家历史身份的州。
First of all:adv.首先;
And secondly, all state flags can fly at the same height as the US flag according to the US flag code.	其次,根据美国的国旗法规,
according to:根据,据说;
And I don't have to ask you how you feel about this one, right?	我不需要问你你的感受如何,对吧？
Most of us grew up pledging allegiance to this every morning, knowing we should never let it touch the ground, etc.	我们大多数人成长的过程中, 每日清晨都效忠国旗, 并且知道我们不能让国旗掉到地上,等等。
pledging:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;使保证;典当;(pledge的现在分词) allegiance:n.效忠,忠诚;忠贞;
We take our flag code very seriously here in the United States.	在美国,我们真的非常重视国旗法规。
You remember, recently some NFL players kneeling during the national anthem .	最近一些职业橄榄球大联盟（NFL）运动员在播放国歌时跪下。
recently:adv.最近;新近; kneeling:v.跪;跪着;跪下;(kneel的现在分词) national anthem:n.国歌;
It was a big controversy .	这引发了一场巨大争议。
controversy:n.争论;论战;辩论;
They were breaking the flag code.	因为他们违反了国旗法规。
It states during the national anthem, stand at attention, hand at the heart, etc.	国旗法规定在国歌播放期间, 人们需要立正, 并将手放在心脏上,等等。
But what was fascinating to me as a vexillologist is that I didn't see anyone getting upset when something like this happens.	但对我来说,作为一名旗帜专家, 最令我着迷的是, 我没有看到任何人因运动员此举的发生而不安和生气。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
The flag code says, "The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally , but always aloft and free."	国旗法规同样规定: 国旗永不应该被水平放置, 而始终应该自由悬挂。
horizontally:adv.水平地;地平地; aloft:v.在空中; prep.在…之上; adj.在空中的;
So sometimes during the exact same national anthem, this was being done, and no one's upset.	但有时候, 在播放同一首国歌的时候, 你会看到这样的场景, 然而没有人为此不满。
Or this. This happens all the time.	或是这样,这时常发生。
The flag code is clear: "No part of the flag should ever be used as a costume or on an athletic uniform."	国旗法规明确规定: 国旗不可被用于服装设计或是运动员制服。
costume:n.服装;装束;戏装,服装;v.给(某人)穿上特殊服装; athletic:adj.健壮的;体育运动的;田径运动的
This is Texas A&M baseball, not to get them in trouble, but this happens all the time, especially in November.	这是德克萨斯州 M&A 棒球队, 我不是想给他们招惹麻烦, 但这样的事时常发生, 尤其在 11 月。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
I'm sure, I can almost guarantee when you leave here tonight, you will see on the back of someone's car or truck a black and white American flag with a blue stripe, a thin blue line, right?	我几乎可以保证, 你今晚在离开这里的时候, 会在某人的私家车, 或货车背后看到黑白色的美国国旗, 上面有着一根蓝条, 一根细蓝条。
guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保; black and white:adj.印刷的;黑白混合的;用笔写的;
Blue Lives Matter.	“Blue Lives Matter” （警察的命也是命）。
That breaks the flag code in multiple ways.	这行为在各种程度上都违反了国旗法规。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
But all of these things are done with the best intent.	但是所有这些事情的发生, 都源于人们最美好的初衷。
No one's here to argue that.	我们没有人会反对这点。
But of course they break a section of the flag code titled "Respect for the Flag,"	但当然,他们违反了国旗法中 “尊重国旗”这一章节,
so by putting this on your uniform, you are legally disrespecting the flag.	所以如果你把国旗放在了你的制服上, 在法律上你就是不尊重国旗。
disrespecting:n.无礼,失礼,不敬;
And what I find interesting is that those NFL players kneeling during the anthem and the people who would put Blue Lives Matters stickers on their car are both on the opposite end of a very big issue , but they're both breaking the exact same law, a law that is 100 percent unenforceable .	而我发现,很有意思的是, 那些 NFL 运动员在播放国歌时下跪, 以及那些会把 Blue Lives Matter 贴纸贴在车上的人, 两者在一个很大的问题上意见相左。不过他们同时在违反同样的法律, 一个零执行率的法律。
stickers:n.粘贴标签;贴纸;(sticker的复数) issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; unenforceable:adj.不能强制履行;
In fact, it was Dread Scott's piece of art in 1989 that led the Supreme Court to rule that the flag code is just a guideline .	实际上,正是德拉得 · 斯科特于 1989 年创造那个艺术作品导致最高法院裁定国旗法只是一个准则。
Supreme Court:最高法院; guideline:n.指导方针;参考;
You cannot be prosecuted for breaking the flag code.	如果违反国旗法, 你是不能被起诉的。
prosecuted:v.起诉;控告;检举;(prosecute的过去式和过去分词)
You cannot be forced to be patriotic .	你也不能被强行爱国。
patriotic:adj.爱国的;
So why, then, have all of these little laws around how we use our flag if you can't enforce them?	不过如果你无法执行这些关于国旗的各种法律, 那你为什么要制定它们？
And that's because a nation is a fragile collective idea.	这是因为, 国家是一个脆弱的集体概念,
fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
It only exists in our minds.	仅存在于我们的思想中。
Can I see this? Thank you.	我能看看这个吗？谢谢。
Sometimes a flag is the only tangible symbol of that idea.	有时,一面旗帜是那个概念唯一的可见标志。
tangible:adj.有形的;切实的;可触摸的;n.有形资产;
Right? Our unity is sometimes only held together by literal threads .	对吧？我们的团结有时候真的只是靠旗帜来维系。
unity:n.团结;一致;联合;个体; literal:adj.文字的;逐字的;无夸张的; threads:n.线; v.穿(针); (thread的第三人称单数和复数)
And that's powerful.	那是十分强大的。
The flag code is meant to preserve and protect that fragile idea, while also protecting your right to break it.	国旗法规存在的意义是为了保留并保护那个脆弱的概念, 同时也在保护你违反国旗法规的权力。
preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品;
And that's what's special about the United States, right?	这就是我们美国的特别之处,对吧？
And that's what's unique about our flag.	而且这也是我们国旗的独特之处。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
Our flag is amazing.	我们的国旗真的很棒。
It has changed more than any other flag in the world.	在世界范围内, 其设计外观的变化次数是最多的。
It's the flag code that says when a new state is created, a star shall be added to the union of the flag, and such addition shall take place on the fourth day of July.	这也是国旗法规的规定: 当有一个新州诞生, 应当在国旗的合众群星中, 加入一颗星, 而且这一添星流程应当在七月的第四天进行。
addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; take place:发生;举行;
Our flag is unique because it is meant to grow as we grow.	我们的国旗是独一无二的, 因为随着我们的壮大,它也注定会成长。
By design and by law, it is meant to change with us.	不论依据设计,还是法律, 我们的国旗注定跟随我们的国家命运而改变。
It's a living symbol of our individuality , our diversity in the stars and our unity.	这是代表了众多星星中蕴含的个性、多样性, 还有团结的一个鲜活标志。
individuality:n.个性;个人;个人特征;个人的嗜好(通常复数); diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
We have a gift in the United States to have a flag that is inclusive .	这是一份礼物——我们美国有着这样一面具有包容性的国旗。
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
If the Nazi flag was an identity weapon, the United States flag, by design alone, stands in direct contrast .	如果纳粹旗帜曾是身份武器, 美国国旗,仅就设计而言, 就已经站在前者的对立面了。
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
And I have to say, as a vexillologist in 2019, using this flag as an identity weapon against anyone disrespects it far more than letting it touch the ground or any one of the other little laws that we break every day.	我不得不说, 作为一名旗帜专家,在 2019 年, 使用这面旗作为一种身份武器来对抗任何人都是对这面国旗的不尊重—— 这远比让国旗触地, 或是每天都在发生的任何一种违反法规的情况都要严重。
disrespects:n.无礼,失礼,不敬;
Right?	对吧？
This flag is a symbol of our unity.	这面国旗是我们团结的象征。
We should never use this as a weapon against someone else.	我们永远不应该利用这面旗帜作为武器,来对抗他人。
I resonate so deeply with the person who wrote in Dread Scott's journal, "We should never value the symbol over the thing that it symbolizes .	我与在德拉得 · 斯科特的日记本上写下这段话的人产生了深刻的共鸣: “我们永远不应该视符号的价值高于该符号所象征事物的价值。
resonate:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振; symbolizes:v.象征;是…的象征;代表;(symbolize的第三人称单数)
We should never value a piece of cloth over a human life."	我们永远不应该认为一面旗帜比一个人的生命更重要。”
And if you're ever going to use a piece of cloth as a weapon, you should never use this one, not when it has always had room for more stars.	如果你要将旗帜变成武器, 你永远不应该使用这面（美国）国旗, 更何况这面旗上一直为更多的星星留有空间。
Hopefully by now, you've felt the power of flags, and you can see what they can do.	希望现在你已经感受到了旗帜的力量, 也看到了那些旗帜的可能性。
So what if we harnessed that power, and we used it to fight for something greater?	要是我们能驾驭这股力量, 并为更伟大的共同事业而奋斗会怎样？
what if:如果…怎么办? harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词)
This is the flag of Earth, designed by Oskar Pernefeldt of Sweden.	这是地球的旗帜, 由瑞典人奥斯卡 · 佩内费尔特（Oskar Pernefeldt）设计。
Just imagine with me for a second:	和我一起想象一下:
What if we celebrated our humanity as much if not more than we celebrate our nationalities?	如果我们高歌人类的程度与呼喊我们国家的程度一致,甚至更多呢？
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
As we become a spacefaring civilization and we go off into the stars, what do our nations mean anyway when you're standing on the surface of Mars or any other planet?	当我们变为一种太空文明, 潜入星空, 当你站在火星或其它星球的表面, 我们的国家还代表什么？
spacefaring:航天旅行,外层空间旅行;宇宙旅行; civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明; Mars:n.火星
And then of course, back here on Earth, as our planet is facing a climate crisis , as our climate could be unlivable in our children or grandchildren's lifetime,	当然,回到地球, 当我们的星球面临气候危机, 当我们赖以生存的气候环境在我们的子孙年代变得不宜居住时,
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; unlivable:adj.不适宜于居住的;
I believe we need a strong symbol, a flag, to unite us to fight, not just as nations, but as a species .	我相信我们需要一个强有力的标志,一面旗帜, 团结人类共同奋斗, 不仅作为国家, 而是作为一个物种。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Thank you.	谢谢。
(Applause)	（掌声）

MichaelGreen_2019X-_旗帜如何团结（和分裂）我们_-