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MichaelBodekaer_2015X-_虚拟实验室将彻底改革科学教育_
Today, I am going to show you how this tablet and this virtual-reality headset that I'm wearing are going to completely revolutionize science education. 今天,我要给大家展示 这台平板电脑和我戴的这个虚拟现实头盔 将如何彻底改革科学教育。
I am going to:我将要做什么事情 tablet:n.碑;药片;写字板;小块; headset:n.耳机;头戴式受话器; revolutionize:vt.发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命;vi.革命化;从事革命;
And I'm also going to show you how it can make any science teacher more than twice as effective . 我还会给大家展示 它如何让所有科学教师的教学效率翻倍。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
But before I show you how all of this is possible, let's talk briefly about why improving the quality of science education is so vitally important. 但是在我向大家展示这些之前, 我们先来简要谈一谈为什么提高科学教育质量 是如此的重要。
briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) vitally:adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地;
If you think about it, the world is growing incredibly fast. 你仔细想一想, 当今世界发展速度快得惊人。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
And with that growth comes a whole list of growing challenges, challenges such as dealing with global warming , solving starvation and water shortages and curing diseases , to name just a few. 但伴随着发展,一系列的挑战也层出不穷 这些挑战包括应对全球变暖, 解决温饱和水资源短缺问题, 还要治疗疾病, 这些只是几个例子。
global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; starvation:n.饿死;挨饿;绝食; shortages:n.不足,缺乏(shortage的复数形式); diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
And who, exactly, is going to help us solve all of these great challenges? 那么,究竟谁能帮助我们应对这些巨大的挑战呢？
Well, to a very last degree, it is these young students. 其实很大程度上,这些人会是年轻的学生们。
This is the next generation of young, bright scientists. 这些人是下一代年轻聪慧的科学家。
And in many ways, we all rely on them for coming up with new, great innovations to help us solve all these challenges ahead of us. 在很多方面,我们都得靠他们 提出崭新的、伟大的创新观点, 来帮助我们解决人类面临的种种挑战。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革;
And so a couple of years back, my cofounder and I were teaching university students just like these, only the students we were teaching looked a little bit more like this here. 就在几年之前, 我和我的合伙人正是这样教导着大学生们, 只是我们所教的这些学生看上去更像是这样。
cofounder:n.共同创办人;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And yes, this is really the reality out there in way too many universities around the world: students that are bored , disengaged and sometimes not even sure why they're learning about a topic in the first place . 是的,这真的是目前的现状, 在世界上太多的大学都是如此: 学生们很无聊,很散漫, 有时甚至不确定最初为什么要去学某项东西。
bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式) disengaged:adj.空闲的;自由的;已脱离的;v.脱离(disengage的过去分词); in the first place:首先;起初;
So we started looking around for new, innovative teaching methods, but what we found was quite disappointing . 所以我们开始探索新的创新性教学方式, 但是得到的结果却很令人失望。
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; disappointing:adj.令人失望的;v.使失望;使破灭;使落空(disappoint的现在分词)
We saw that books were being turned into e-books, blackboards were being turned into YouTube videos and lecture hall monologues were being turned into MOOCs -- massive online open courses. 只见纸质书慢慢转变为电子书, 黑板渐渐被YouTube视频替代, 讲堂里的讲座变成了慕课—— 大规模的网络公开课。
lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫 monologues:独白; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
And if you think about it, all we're really doing here is taking the same content and the same format, and bringing it out to more students -- which is great, don't get me wrong, that is really great -- 如果你仔细想一想, 我们所做的一切就是把相同的内容, 还有相同的格式, 传递给更多的学生—— 其实这挺好的,别误会,我觉得这非常好——
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
but the teaching method is still more or less the same, no real innovation there. 但是教学方式或多或少都是相同的, 这一点没有真正的创新。
more or less:或多或少;
So we started looking elsewhere . 所以我们开始探索新思路。
elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
What we found was that flight simulators had been proven over and over again to be far more effective when used in combination with real, in-flight training to train the pilots. 我们发现的是,当与真正的飞行训练相结合时, 飞行模拟器在训练飞行员方面一直以来都非常有效。
simulators:n.模拟器;假装者,模拟者; over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地; combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; in-flight:adj.在飞行中的;
And so we thought to ourselves: 于是我们就思考:
Why not just apply that to science? 何不将其应用到科学领域呢？
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
Why not build a virtual laboratory simulator? 为什么不建一台虚拟的实验室模拟器呢？
virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认); laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
Well, we did it. 我们就这么做了。
We basically set out to create a fully simulated , one-to-one , virtual reality laboratory simulator, where the students could perform experiments with mathematical equations that would simulate what would happen in a real-world lab. 我们开始创造 一个完全模拟的,一对一的虚拟现实的实验室模拟器, 在这里学生们可以做实验, 让数学公式来模拟现实实验室中会发生的事情。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; simulated:adj.假装的; v.假装; (simulate的过去式和过去分词) one-to-one:adj.一对一的;一一对应的; virtual reality:n.(计算机创造的)虚拟现实; perform:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好); mathematical:adj.数学的,数学上的;精确的; equations:n.方程式;等式;均等;均势(equation的复数形式); real-world:adj.现实生活的;工作的;
But not just simple simulations -- we would also create advanced simulations with top universities like MIT, to bring out cutting-edge cancer research to these students. 但是又不只是简单的模拟, 我们也可以与麻省理工这样的顶尖大学合作 创造更高级的模拟效果, 把顶尖的癌症治疗成果分享给学生。
simulations:n.[计]模拟(simulation的复数);[计]仿真; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) bring out:出版,生产;使显示;说出; cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
And suddenly, the universities could save millions of dollars by letting the students perform virtual experiments before they go into the real laboratory. 这样,大学就可以一下子省下上百万美金, 只需让学生们在进真正实验室之前 先做一遍虚拟的实验。
And not only that; now, they could also understand -- even on a molecular level inside the machine -- what is happening to the machines. 不仅如此;现在他们同样可以搞懂 机器内部正在发生着什么, 即使小至分子水平。
molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的;
And then they could suddenly perform dangerous experiments in the labs as well. 他们也可以一下子 就能在实验室里做更危险的实验了。
labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数)
For instance also here, learning about salmonella bacteria , which is an important topic that many schools cannot teach for good safety reasons. 比如说这里, 我们可以教授一个重要内容:沙门氏菌, 目前很多学校基于安全考虑是不开设这门课程的。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; salmonella:n.沙门氏菌; bacteria:n.[微]细菌;
And we, of course, quiz the students and then give the teachers a full dashboard , so they fully understand where the students are at. 我们当然也可以给学生小测, 然后给老师们一个完整的反馈, 这样他们可以清晰地了解学生们学得如何。
quiz:n.小测验;知识竞赛;v.盘问;查问;询问; dashboard:n.汽车等的仪表板;马车等前部的挡泥板;
But we didn't stop there, because we had seen just how important meaning is for the students' engagement in the class. 但是我们没有就此停止, 因为我们才刚看到学生在课程中的投入度 有多么深远的意义。
engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
So we brought in game designers to create fun and engaging stories. 于是我们找来游戏设计师, 写一些有趣、有吸引力的故事。
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
For instance, here in this case, where the students have to solve a mysterious CSI murder case using their core science skills. 比如在这个例子中, 学生们需要运用核心科学知识 解决神秘的犯罪现场谋杀案。
mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
And the feedback we got when we launched all of this was quite overwhelmingly positive . 我们在发布这些之后所得到的反馈, 简直是铺天盖地的好评。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) overwhelmingly:adv.压倒性地;不可抵抗地; positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
Here we have 300 students, all passionately solving CSI murder cases while learning core science skills. 这里的300名学生, 都无比投入地解决谋杀案件, 与此同时还学习了核心科学技能。
passionately:adv.热情地;强烈地;激昂地;
And what I love the most about this is really when the students come up to me sometimes afterwards, all surprised and a little confused , and say, "I just spent two hours in this virtual lab, and ... and I didn't check Facebook." 我对此最爱的一点 就是有时候学生们在玩过这些之后找到我, 很惊讶、很疑惑地看着我说: “我刚刚在虚拟实验室里待了两个钟头, 而且……我一直都没刷Facebook。”
come up to:v.达到;等于; confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's how engaging and immersive this really is for the students. 对于学生来说,它就是如此迷人、令人沉浸其中。
immersive:n.沉浸式;沉浸感;增加沉浸感;
And so, to investigate whether this really worked, a learning psychologist did a study with 160 students -- that was from Stanford University and Technical University of Denmark. 于是为了探究这是否有实效, 一个教育心理学家对160名学生做了研究—— 这些学生们来自斯坦福大学和丹麦技术大学。
investigate:v.调查;研究;审查; psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; Technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
And what they did is split the students into two groups. 他们所做的是,把学生们分成两个小组。
split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的;
One group would only use the virtual laboratory simulations, the other group would only use traditional teaching methods, and they had the same amount of time. 一个小组只使用虚拟的模拟实验室, 另外一组只使用传统的教学方式, 然后给他们相同的时间。
traditional:传统的,惯例的,
Then, interestingly , they gave the students a test before and after the experiment, so they could clearly measure the learning impact of the students. 十分有趣的是, 他们在实验之前和之后都对学生进行测试, 这样他们就可以量化教学过程对学生的影响。
interestingly:adv.有趣地; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
And what they found was a surprisingly high 76 percent increase in the learning effectiveness when using virtual laboratories over traditional teaching methods. 他们发现, 虚拟实验室方法相比传统教学方法, 教学有效性提高了惊人的76%！
surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地 effectiveness:n.效力; laboratories:n.实验室;(laboratory的复数)
But even more interestingly, the second part of this study investigated what the teacher's impact was on the learning. 但是更有趣的是, 这个研究的第二部分调查了 教师对教学过程的影响。
investigated:v.侦查;调查;研究;(investigate的过去分词和过去式)
And what they found was that when you combined the virtual laboratories with teacher-led coaching and mentoring , then we saw a total 101 percent increase in the learning effectiveness, 他们发现, 当你把虚拟实验室方法 与教师的教学辅导相结合, 我们可以看到101%的教学有效性增长,
mentoring:n.导师;顾问;v.指导;做…的良师;(mentor的现在分词)
which effectively doubles the science teacher's impact with the same amount of time spent. 这从效率上相当于在相同的一段时间里 把科学教师的影响翻了一番。
So a couple of months back, we started asking ourselves -- we have a wonderful team now of learning psychologists and teachers and scientists and game developers -- and we started asking ourselves: 几个月前, 我们开始问自己—— 我们有一个超棒的团队,有教育心理学家, 有教师和科学家,还有游戏设计师—— 我们就在扪心自问:
psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数);
How can we keep ourselves to our promise of constantly reimagining education? 我们怎么才能信守承诺, 不断地重构教育方式？
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; reimagining:重新想象;再回味(reimagine的现在分词)
And today, I am really excited to be presenting what we came up with and have been working incredibly hard to create. 而今天,能向大家展示我们的研究成果,我感到非常兴奋, 这是我们花了很大的努力创造出来的。
I will explain briefly what this is. 我简单介绍一下这个是什么。
Basically, I take my mobile phone -- most students already have these, smartphones -- and I plug it into this virtual-reality headset, a low-cost headset. 基本上,我只用我的手机—— 大多数学生都有这种智能手机, 然后把它接到这个低成本的虚拟现实头盔上。
mobile phone:移动电话 smartphones:智能手机(smartphone的复数); plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通; low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的;
And now what I can effectively do is, 那么现在我完全可以做到的就是,
I can literally step into this virtual world. 我可以直接走进这个虚拟世界里。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
We'll have some of you in the audience also get to try this, because it is really something that you have to try to fully feel how immersive it really is. 我们等下会让一些观众来尝试, 因为这个东西你们必须得尝试过, 才能体会到沉浸式体验的强大。
It literally feels like I just stepped inside this virtual lab. 这感觉上就好像我直接踏进了这个虚拟实验室！
Do you see me up on the screen? 你们在屏幕上看到我了吗？
Audience: Yes. 观众:看到了。
Michael Bodekaer: Great! Awesome . Michael Bodekaer:好的！棒极了！
Awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
So basically, I have just turned my mobile phone into a fully simulated, million-dollar Ivy League laboratory with all this amazing equipment that I can interact with. 那么,我刚刚把我的手机变成了 一个全模拟的,百万美元级的常青藤大学实验室, 里面满是我可以操作的神奇仪器。
Ivy League:n.[教]常春藤联盟; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
I can, for instance, pick up the pipette and do experiments with it. 比如说,我可以用移液管来做实验,
pipette:n.移液管;吸移管;vt.用移液器吸取;
I have my E-Ggel, my PCR and -- oh, look there, 还有有电泳仪、PCR仪······哦,看那边,
I have my next-generation sequencing machine, and there I even have my electron microscope . 那是下一代的基因测序仪, 这里还有一台电子显微镜。
sequencing:n.[计]排序; v.[计]定序(sequence的ing形式); electron microscope:n.电子显微镜;
I mean, who's carrying around an electron microscope in their pocket? 我在想,谁会在裤子口袋里放一台电子显微镜呢？
And here I have my machine, 这里有一台电脑,
I can do different experiments on the machine. 我可以在电脑上做各种实验。
And over here I have the door, 这里还有扇门,
I can go into other experiments, 我可以到其它的实验室,
I can perform in the laboratories. 去做其它的实验。
And here, I have my learning tablet. 在这里我有一台学习电脑。
This is an intelligent tablet that allows me to read about relevant theory. 这是一台智能的平板电脑, 可以让我阅读相关的理论知识。
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
As you can see , I can interact with it. 你们可以看到,我可以与之互动。
As you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
I can watch videos and see content that is relevant to the experiment that I'm performing right now. 我可以看视频,学习一些 跟我正在做的实验密切相关的东西。
performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
Then over here, I have Marie. 然后来到这儿,这位是玛丽。
She is my teacher -- my lab assistant -- and what she does is guides me through this whole laboratory. 她是我的老师,也是我在实验室的助手—— 她所做的就是引导我使用整个实验室的仪器。
lab assistant:实验室助理;实验员;实验助手;
And very soon, the teachers will be able to literally teleport themselves into this virtual world that I'm in right now and help me, guide me, through this whole experiment. 很快地, 老师们就真正可以传送到 我所在的这个虚拟世界里, 然后帮助我,引导我完成整个实验。
teleport:vt.(心灵学用语)心灵运输(物体,人);
And now before I finalize this, 现在,在我结束之前,
finalize:v.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来;定案;
I want to show you an even cooler thing, I think -- something you cannot even do in real laboratories. 我想给你们看一个更酷炫的东西, 在真实实验室里根本做不到的事。
This is a PCR machine. 这是一台PCR仪。
I'm now going to start this experiment. 我要开始做实验了。
And what I just did is literally shrunk myself a million times into the size of a molecule -- and it really feels like it, you have to try this. 我刚刚做的就是把自己缩小了一百万倍, 变成分子的大小—— 感觉就像是这样,你们必须得试试！
shrunk:v.收缩(shrink的过去分词); molecule:n.[化学]分子;微小颗粒,微粒;
So now it feels like I'm standing inside the machine and I'm seeing all the DNA, and I see the molecules . 现在感觉像是我站在机器里, 我看到这里所有的DNA,还有分子,
molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数);
I see the polymerase and the enzymes and so forth. 我看到聚合酶还有生化酶等等。
polymerase:n.[生化]聚合酶; enzymes:n.[生化]酶(enzyme的复数);酶类,酵素;
And I can see how in this case, 在这种情况下,
DNA is being replicated millions of times, just like it's happening inside your body right now. 我看到DNA是如何被复制上百万次的, 就像现在你的身体里正在进行的那样。
replicated:重复的;
And I can really feel and understand how all of this works. 我真的可以感受、理解这些原理了。
Now, I hope that gives you a little bit of a sense of the possibilities in these new teaching methods. 我希望这些能够给你们一点概念, 就是这种全新教学方式的可能性。
a little bit of a:一点点了;
And I want to also emphasize that everything you just saw also works on iPads and laptops without the headsets . 此外我还想强调一下, 刚刚你们看到的一切也可以在iPad和笔记本电脑上实现, 而完全不需要这个头盔。
emphasize:v.强调;重视;着重;使突出; laptops:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;(laptop的复数) headsets:耳机;
I say that for a very important reason. 我讲这个是有很重要原因的。
In order for us to really empower and inspire the next generation of scientists, we really need teachers to drive the adoption of new technologies in the classroom. 为了让我们真正地 我们迫切需要教师们推动 这些课堂新科技的推广。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; adoption:n.采用;收养;接受; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
And so in many ways, 从很多角度来看,
I believe that the next big, quantum leap in science education lies no longer with the technology , but rather with the teachers' decision to push forward and adopt these technologies inside the classrooms. 我相信科学教育的下一个伟大的、质的飞跃, 已不在于科技发展本身, 而在于教师们的作为, 将这些新科技推广及采用, 带到课堂上去。
quantum leap:n.突变;巨变;飞跃; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; push forward:推进;抓紧进行;
And so it is our hope that more universities and schools and teachers will collaborate with technology companies to realize this full potential . 我们的期望是让更多的大学、学校和老师, 都与科技公司合作, 来实现它全部的潜能。
collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
And so, lastly, I'd like to leave you with a little story that really inspires me. 讲到这里, 最后,我想告诉大家一个 特别鼓舞我的小故事。
inspires:激励;赋予灵感(inspire的第三人称单数);
And that is the story of Jack Andraka. 是关于杰克·安德拉卡的故事。
Some of you might already know him. 你们有些人可能知道他。
Jack invented a new, groundbreaking low-cost test for pancreatic cancer at the age 15. 杰克研究出了一种全新的、突破性的、低成本的胰腺癌检测法, 那时他只有15岁。
groundbreaking:adj.开创性的;创新的;革新的 pancreatic:adj.胰的;胰腺的;
And when Jack shares his story of how he did this huge breakthrough , he also explains that one thing almost prevented him from making this breakthrough. 当杰克分享自己做出这个伟大突破的经历时, 他也讲述了一件 几乎阻止了他取得这项突破的事。
breakthrough:n.突破;开始取得成功之时;adj.突破性的;
And that was that he did not have access to real laboratories, because he was too inexperienced to be allowed in. 那就是他没办法进入真正的实验室里, 因为他经验非常不足, 不被允许进入。
inexperienced:adj.无经验的;不熟练的;
Now, imagine if we could bring 那么想象一下,如果我们能把
Ivy League, million-dollar virtual laboratories out to all these students just like Jack, all over the world, and give them the latest, greatest, most fancy machines you can imagine 常青藤名校,百万美元级的虚拟实验室 带给像杰克一样的所有学生, 在全世界范围推广, 把你能想象到的最新、最棒、最花哨的仪器都给他们,
fancy:n.幻想; adj.想象的; v.想象;
that would quite literally make any scientist in here jump up and down out of pure excitement . 那就真的会让这里的所有科学家 都兴奋得活蹦乱跳了。
excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物;
And then imagine how that would empower and inspire a whole new generation of young and bright scientists, ready to innovate and change the world. 再想象一下,这样定会激励和启迪 全新一代的年轻聪慧的科学家, 准备好做出创新,改变世界。
innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新;vt.改变;创立;创始;引人;
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （掌声）