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MelissaWalker_2015P-_艺术能够治疗创伤后应激障碍的无形伤痕_
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| You are a high-ranking military service member deployed to Afghanistan . |
你是一个高级军官, 现服役于阿富汗。 |
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high-ranking:adj.职位高的;阶级高的; military service:n.兵役;服役期; deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开; Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲);
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| You are responsible for the lives of hundreds of men and women, and your base is under attack. |
你要对上百个 男兵女兵的生命负责。 你的基地遭到袭击。 |
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responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
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| Incoming mortar rounds are exploding all around you. |
散落的炮弹在你的身边爆炸。 |
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Incoming:n.进来;收入;adj.新当选的;新任的; mortar:n.迫击炮;臼,研钵;灰浆;vt.用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥结合; exploding:v.爆炸;爆裂;勃然(大怒);突然发生(危险);(explode的现在分词)
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| Struggling to see through the dust and the smoke, you do your best to assist the wounded and then crawl to a nearby bunker . |
在尘埃和烟雾中,你挣扎着想看清, 去尽最大努力帮助伤者, 并爬到附近的掩体。 |
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see through:adj.透明的;穿透的; wounded:adj.受伤的; n.伤员; v.使受伤; (wound的过去分词和过去式) crawl:v.爬;匍匐行进;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进;n.爬泳;缓慢的速度;自由泳; nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; bunker:n.沙坑;煤仓;燃料库;vt.使陷入困境;把球击入沙坑;
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| Conscious but dazed by the blasts , you lay on your side and attempt to process what has just happened. |
时而有意识,时而为爆炸所迷茫, 你躺下,尝试思考刚刚发什么了。 |
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Conscious:adj.意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的; dazed:adj.(由于震惊或打击)神志不清的,茫然的 blasts:[力]爆炸;一阵; attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
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| As you regain your vision , you see a bloody face staring back at you. |
当你重新获得你的视觉的时候, 你看到了一个流血的脸庞, 盯着你。 |
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regain:vt.再次得到;重新获得,恢复;返回;n.恢复;收复;收回 vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; bloody:adj.血腥的;血淋淋的;v.血染; staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词)
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| The image is terrifying , but you quickly come to understand it's not real. |
这个画面让人恐惧, 但是你很快明白, 这不是真的。 |
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terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词)
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| This vision continues to visit you multiple times a day and in your sleep. |
这个画面在白天和夜里多次出现,并持续侵扰着你, |
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multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
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| You choose not to tell anyone for fear of losing your job or being seen as weak. |
你决定闭口不谈,害怕会失去工作, 或被当成弱者。 |
| You give the vision a name, |
你给这个画面取了一个名字, |
| Bloody Face in Bunker, and call it BFIB for short. |
掩体下血腥的脸, 简称“掩体血脸”。 |
| You keep BFIB locked away in your mind, secretly haunting you, for the next seven years. |
你把“掩体血脸”封锁在你的脑海里, 不为人知地侵扰着你, 整整七年。 |
| Now close your eyes. |
现在闭上你的眼睛, |
| Can you see BFIB? |
你能看到“掩体血脸”吗？ |
| If you can, you're beginning to see the face of the invisible wounds of war, commonly known as post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury . |
如果你可以,你就能够看到 战争无形创伤的样子, 称作“创伤后应激障碍” 或者创伤性脑损伤。 |
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invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; wounds:n.(身体上的)伤,伤口; v.使(身体)受伤; (wound的第三人称单数和复数) post-traumatic stress disorder:n.创伤后精神紧张性障碍; injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处;
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| While I can't say I have post-traumatic stress disorder, |
虽然我没有得过创伤后应激障碍, |
| I've never been a stranger to it. |
但是我对它并不陌生。 |
| When I was a little girl, I would visit my grandparents every summer. |
当我还是个小女孩的时候,我会在每个夏天拜访祖父母, |
| It was my grandfather who introduced me to the effects of combat on the psyche . |
我的祖父, 他告诉我了战争的心理影响。 |
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combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; psyche:n.灵魂;心智;
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| While my grandfather was serving as a Marine in the Korean War, a bullet pierced his neck and rendered him unable to cry out. |
当我祖父在朝鲜战争服役海军的时候, 一颗子弹穿过他的脖子,让他无法叫出声。 |
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Marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; Korean:n.朝鲜族;韩国人;朝鲜话;adj.朝鲜的;朝鲜族的;朝鲜话的; bullet:n.子弹;只选某党全部候选人的投票;豆子;vi.射出;迅速行进; pierced:v.扎;刺破;穿透;穿过;透入;冲破;突破;(pierce的过去分词和过去式) rendered:v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;递交;(render的过去分词和过去式)
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| He watched as a corpsman passed him over, declaring him a goner , and then leaving him to die. |
他看见医护兵从他身边走过, 以为他已经无药可治, 把他留下等待死亡。 |
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corpsman:n.海军看护兵;陆军医护兵;战地医护兵; goner:n.已死者;无望的人,无法挽救的人;落魄的人;
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| Years later, after his physical wounds had healed and he'd returned home, he rarely spoke of his experiences in waking life. |
几年过后,当身体的伤痊愈, 他回到家, 他却很少在清醒的时候说过自己的经历, |
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physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; healed:v.(使)康复,复原;治愈(病人);(使)结束;(heal的过去分词和过去式) rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
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| But at night I would hear him shouting obscenities from his room down the hall. |
但是晚上,我能够听到他的怒号 从走廊尽头的房间里传来。 |
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obscenities:n.猥亵,淫秽;猥亵的言语(或行为);
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| And during the day I would announce myself as I entered the room, careful not to startle or agitate him. |
白天我会提醒他,然后进入房间, 小心翼翼地,生怕惊吓或激怒他。 |
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startle:v.使惊吓;使吓一跳;n.惊愕;惊恐;吃惊; agitate:vt.摇动;骚动;使…激动;vi.煽动;
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| He lived out the remainder of his days isolated and tight-lipped , never finding a way to express himself, and I didn't yet have the tools to guide him. |
他就这样,度过了剩下的日子, 孤独和紧张的, 找不到一个表达自己的方式, 那时候我还没有找到能够引导他的方式。 |
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remainder:n.[数]余数,残余; adj.剩余的; vt.廉价出售; vi.廉价出售; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离; tight-lipped:adj.守口如瓶的;紧闭嘴巴的;寡言的; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
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| I wouldn't have a name for my grandfather's condition until I was in my 20s. |
我也不知道他那种疾病的名字, 直到我20岁的时候。 |
| Seeking a graduate degree in art therapy , |
攻读艺术治疗的学位, |
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Seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) art therapy:n.艺术治疗(通过艺术形式表达自我以达到治疗效果的心理疗法);
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| I naturally gravitated towards the study of trauma. |
我自然而然地倾向创伤的研究, |
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naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; gravitated:v.被吸引到;受吸引而参加(gravitate的过去分词和过去式)
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| And while sitting in class learning about post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD for short, my mission to help service members who suffered like my grandfather began to take form. |
当我在教室学习创伤后应激障碍时, 帮助像我祖父一样的军人的目标 开始在我心中确立。 |
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PTSD:abbr.创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍(post-traumaticstressdisorder); mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
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| We've had various names for post-traumatic stress throughout the history of war: homesickness , soldier's heart, shell shock , thousand-yard stare , for instance . |
创伤后应激障碍有很多名字, 在战争历史上: 乡愁, 神经性循环衰弱, 炮弹休克症, 目光呆滞等等。 |
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throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; homesickness:n.乡愁; shell shock:n.弹震症; stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视; instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
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| And while I was pursuing my degree, a new war was raging , and thanks to modern body armor and military vehicles , service members were surviving blast injuries they wouldn't have before. |
在我攻读学位的时候,一场战争爆发, 感谢现代装备和军用交通工具, 军人爆炸受伤的存活率达到历史新高。 |
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pursuing:v.追求;致力于;贯彻;跟踪;追赶;(pursue的现在分词) raging:adj.愤怒的,狂暴的;v.发怒,恼火(rage的现在分词); armor:n.[军]装甲;盔甲;v.为…装甲; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) injuries:n.伤害,损伤;挫伤;(injury的复数)
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| But the invisible wounds were reaching new levels, and this pushed military doctors and researchers to try and truly understand the effects that traumatic brain injury, or TBI, and PTSD have on the brain. |
但是无形伤疤也达到新高, 这使得军医和研究人员 尝试真正理解创伤性脑损伤,也就是TBI, 和PTSD对脑的影响。 |
| Due to advances in technology and neuroimaging , we now know there's an actual shutdown in the Broca's, or the speech-language area of the brain, after an individual experiences trauma. |
因为科技的进步和神经影像的发展, 我们现在知道脑部的布罗卡氏区,就是大脑语言部分 会在个人创伤经历后停止工作。 |
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technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; neuroimaging:神经影像; shutdown:n.关机;停工;关门;停播; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
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| This physiological change, or speechless terror as it's often called, coupled with mental health stigma , the fear of being judged or misunderstood , possibly even removed from their current duties, has led to the invisible struggles of our servicemen and women. |
这个生理变化, 就是经常被称作的失语症, 伴随心理创伤, 怕被歧视和误解 的那种恐惧感, 即使调离了军人岗位, 都有可能造成的无形的痛苦。 |
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physiological:adj.生理学的,生理的; speechless:adj.说不出话的;哑的;非言语所能表达的; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; stigma:n.[植]柱头;耻辱;污名;烙印;特征; misunderstood:adj.被误解的;v.误解,误会(misunderstand的过去式); servicemen:n.技工(军人);
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| Generation after generation of veterans have chosen not to talk about their experiences, and suffer in solitude . |
一代一代的退伍军人 都选择对他们的经历闭口不谈, 一个人受苦。 |
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veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式); solitude:n.孤独;隐居;荒僻的地方;
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| I had my work cut out for me when I got my first job as an art therapist at the nation's largest military medical center, |
我的第一份工作非常适合我, 是在国家最大的军用医疗中心,沃尔特-里德陆军医疗中心, |
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therapist:n.临床医学家;治疗学家;
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| Walter Reed . |
担任一名艺术治疗医师。 |
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Reed:n.芦笛;[植]芦苇;芦苇杆;[乐]舌簧;
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| After working for a few years on a locked-in patient psychiatric unit, |
在一个心理疾病部门工作几年后, |
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locked-in:adj.牢固的,锁定的; patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; psychiatric:adj.精神病学的;精神病治疗的;
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| I eventually transferred to the National Intrepid Center of Excellence , NICoE, which leads TBI care for active duty service members. |
我被调到国家优秀勇士中心,NICoE, NICoE在军人TBI看护有领先地位。 |
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eventually:adv.最后,终于; transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式) Intrepid:adj.无畏的;勇敢的;勇猛的; Excellence:n.优秀;美德;长处;
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| Now, I believed in art therapy, but I was going to have to convince service members, big, tough, strong, manly military men, and some women too, to give art-making as a psychotherapeutic intervention a try. |
我相信艺术治疗, 但是我需要说服一些军人, 强壮的男子气概的军人, 和一些女兵, 让他们尝试把艺术当作心理治疗。 |
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convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; manly:adj.男子气概的;强壮的;适于男人的;adv.雄赳赳地; psychotherapeutic:adj.精神病医疗; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍;
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| The results have been nothing short of spectacular . |
结果非常可观。 |
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spectacular:adj.壮观的;壮丽的;令人惊叹的;n.壮观的场面;精彩的表演;
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| Vivid , symbolic artwork is being created by our servicemen and women, and every work of art tells a story. |
被我们的军人创造了 那些生动,具有象征性的作品。 每一件作品讲述着一个故事。 |
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Vivid:adj.生动的;鲜明的;鲜艳的; symbolic:adj.象征的;符号的;使用符号的; work of art:艺术品;
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| We've observed that the process of art therapy bypasses the speech-language issue with the brain. |
我们发现艺术治疗的过程 绕过了脑部的失语症。 |
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observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); bypasses:旁通;绕过; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
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| Art-making accesses the same sensory areas of the brain that encode trauma. |
艺术创作接触到了被封锁的大脑创伤。 |
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sensory:adj.感觉的;知觉的;传递感觉的; encode:vt.(将文字材料)译成密码;编码,编制成计算机语言;
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| Service members can use the art-making to work through their experiences in a nonthreatening way. |
军人能够用艺术创作表达他们的经历 通过一个无害的方式。 |
| They can then apply words to their physical creations , reintegrating the left and the right hemispheres of the brain. |
他们能够把文字用在创作上, 重新连接左半边和右半边大脑。 |
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apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; creations:n.创作;创造物(creation的复数形式); reintegrating:vt.重建;恢复;使重新完整; hemispheres:n.[天]半球(hemisphere的复数形式);
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| Now, we've seen this can work with all forms of art — drawing, painting, collage — but what seems to have the most impact is mask-making . |
我们发现各种形式的艺术都可以, 绘画,素描,拼贴, 但是似乎影响最大的 是面具制作。 |
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collage:n.抽象拚贴画(用报纸,布,压平的花等碎片拼合而成的); vt.把…创作成拼贴画,拼贴; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; mask-making:[电子]掩模制备;
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| Finally , these invisible wounds don't just have a name, they have a face. |
最终,这些无形的伤疤不仅仅有了一个名字, 还有了脸。 |
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Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
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| And when service members create these masks, it allows them to come to grips , literally , with their trauma. |
当军人创造这些面具的时候, 真的,他们能够抓住创伤。 |
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grips:vbl.抓爪; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
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| And it's amazing how often that enables them to break through the trauma and start to heal. |
他们能够打破和开始修复创伤, 真令人惊奇。 |
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enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) break through:突破;突围;有重要创见;
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| Remember BFIB? |
记得“掩体血脸”吗？ |
| That was a real experience for one of my patients , and when he created his mask, he was able to let go of that haunting image. |
那是一位我的病人的真实经历, 当他创作面具的时候, 他能够摆脱画面的困扰。 |
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patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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| Initially , it was a daunting process for the service member, but eventually he began to think of BFIB as the mask, not his internal wound, and he would go to leave each session , he would hand me the mask, and say, "Melissa, take care of him." |
刚开始,对军人来说,这是一个吓人的过程, 但是最后,他开始把“掩体血脸”当成面具, 而不是他的内心世界。 他离开治疗时, 他给我那个面具,并说:“梅丽莎,照顾好他。” |
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Initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; daunting:adj.令人生畏的:令人胆怯的:v.使胆怯:使失去信心;(daunt的现在分词) internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会;
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| Eventually, we placed BFIB in a box to further contain him, and when the service member went to leave the NICoE, he chose to leave BFIB behind. |
最后,我们把“掩体血脸”放在盒子里, 当那个军人离开NICoE的时候, 他选择留下“掩体血脸”。 |
| A year later, he had only seen BFIB twice, and both times BFIB was smiling and the service member didn't feel anxious. |
一年后,他只见到“掩体血脸”两次, 而且“掩体血脸”在笑, 军人不再感到紧张。 |
| Now, whenever that service member is haunted by some traumatic memory, he continues to paint. |
现在,当那个军人被创伤记忆所侵扰时, 他会继续绘画。 |
| Every time he paints these disturbing images , he sees them less or not at all . |
每一次他画这些令人不安的画面时, 他很少或者不会看到它们。 |
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disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词) images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) not at all:毫无;一点也不;不用谢;
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| Philosophers have told us for thousands of years that the power to create is very closely linked to the power to destroy. |
哲学家告诉我们上千年来, 创造的力量, 是和摧毁的力量紧紧相关的。 |
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Philosophers:n.哲学家(philosopher的复数);
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| Now science is showing us that the part of the brain that registers a traumatic wound can be the part of the brain where healing happens too. |
现在科学告诉我们 造成创伤的大脑部分 也是发生修复的部分。 |
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registers:n.登记; v.登记; healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词)
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| And art therapy is showing us how to make that connection. |
艺术治疗展示我们如何将它们连接起来。 |
| We asked one of our service members to describe how mask-making impacted his treatment , and this is what he had to say. |
我们让一个军人 去形容面具制作是怎样影响他的治疗的, 这是他的回复－ |
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describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的;v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词); treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
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| (Video) Service Member: You sort of just zone out into the mask. |
（音频）军人:你好像进入了面具中, |
| You zone out into the drawing, and for me, it just released the block, so I was able to do it. |
你进入了绘画中, 对于我来说,它释放了积压, 所以我能够做下去。 |
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released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式)
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| And then when I looked at it after two days, I was like, "Holy crap , here's the picture, here's the key, here's the puzzle ," |
然后当我在两天后看着它的时候,我说: “我的天哪,这就是那个画面,就是那个钥匙,就是那个谜团,” |
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crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎; puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑;
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| and then from there it just soared . |
然后它就这样离开。 |
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soared:v.飙升(soar的过去分词);骤然上升;
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| I mean, from there my treatment just when out of sight , because they were like, Kurt, explain this, explain this. |
我的意思是,治疗就这样结束了, 因为他们让我解释一下这些, |
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out of sight:看不见;在视野之外;在看不见的地方;
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| And for the first time in 23 years, |
然后23年来第一次, |
| I could actually talk about stuff openly to, like, anybody. |
我能够像普通人一样谈论这些事情。 |
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stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
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| I could talk to you about it right now if I wanted to, because it unlocked it. |
如果我想,我现在就能够告诉你们, 因为它的封锁被解除了。 |
| It's just amazing. |
太神奇了。 |
| And it allowed me to put 23 years of PTSD and TBI stuff together in one place that has never happened before. |
它能够把我23年的PTSD 和TBI抛之脑后, 从来没有过。 |
| Sorry. |
不好意思。 |
| Melissa Walker: Over the past five years, we've had over 1,000 masks made. |
梅丽莎 沃尔克:过去的五年里, 我们制作了一千个面具。 |
| It's pretty amazing, isn't it? |
很神奇,对吗？ |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌） |
| I wish I could have shared this process with my grandfather, but I know that he would be thrilled that we are finding ways to help today's and tomorrow's service members heal, and finding the resources within them that they can call upon to heal themselves. |
我希望我能够跟我的祖父分享这个过程, 我知道他会很激动, 因为我们发现了 帮助现在和未来军人治愈 和找到内心痛苦的源头的方法, 让他们能够自省 并自我治愈。 |
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thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); call upon:号召;要求;拜访;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌） |