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MeaghanRamsey_2014S-_为什么认为自己丑会对你不利_
This is my niece , Stella. 这是我的侄女,斯特拉。
niece:n.外甥女,侄女;
She's just turned one and started to walk. 她刚满一岁并开始学走路了。
And she's walking in that really cool way that one-year-olds do, a kind of teetering , my-body's-moving- too-fast-for-my-legs kind of way. 她正在用一岁的小孩通常使用的非常酷的方式走路, 那种摇摇晃晃、身体比腿移动得快得多的方式。
teetering:vi.摇晃; vt.使…摇摆; n.跷跷板;
It is absolutely gorgeous . 这真的很有意思。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的;
And one of her favorite things to do at the moment is to stare at herself in the mirror. 她最喜欢做的事情之一 就是盯着镜子里的自己。
stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视;
She absolutely loves her reflection . 她非常喜欢自己在镜子里的影像。
reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思;
She giggles and squeals , and gives herself these big, wet kisses. 她边笑边叫,然后给了镜子中的自己一些大大的、湿湿的吻。
giggles:n.笑声;一阵傻笑(giggle的复数);vi.咯咯地笑(giggle的第三人称单数); squeals:vt.告密;长声尖叫;vi.告密;尖声地说;n.尖叫声;
It is beautiful. 很漂亮。
Apparently , all of her friends do this and my mom tells me that I used to do this, and it got me thinking: 很显然,她所有的朋友都这样做,然后我妈说我小时候也是这样的, 这让我想到一个问题:
Apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
When did I stop doing this? 我是什么时候停止这样做的？
When is it suddenly not okay to love the way that we look? 从什么时候开始,突然间我们不再喜欢自己的长相了？
Because apparently we don't. 因为很显然我们不再那样做。
Ten thousand people every month google , "Am I ugly ?" 每个月都有一万人在谷歌上搜索 “我丑吗?“
google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
This is Faye. Faye is 13 and she lives in Denver . 这是法耶,她13岁,住在丹佛。
Denver:n.丹佛(地名,美国城市);
And like any teenager, she just wants to be liked and to fit in. 就像所有的青少年一样,她也想被别人喜欢并与人相处融洽。
It's Sunday night. 这是星期天晚上。
She's getting ready for the week ahead at school. 她正在为下周的学校生活做准备。
And she's slightly dreading it, and she's a bit confused because despite her mom telling her all the time that she's beautiful, every day at school, someone tells her that she's ugly. 她有些害怕,并且有一点困惑,因为 尽管她妈妈一直告诉她说 她很漂亮, 但是每天在学校都会有人说她长得难看。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; dreading:v.非常害怕;极为担心;(dread的现在分词) confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
Because of the difference between what her mom tells her and what her friends at school, or her peers at school are telling her, she doesn't know who to believe. 因为她妈妈告诉她的和她在学校的朋友 或同龄人告诉她的是不同的, 所以她不知道该相信谁。
peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式);
So, she takes a video of herself. She posts it to YouTube and she asks people to please leave a comment: "Am I pretty or am I ugly?" 因此,她为自己拍摄了一个视频并放到了YouTube上, 然后她让大家来评论: “我长得漂亮还是难看？”
Well, so far, Faye has received over 13,000 comments. 截止目前,法耶共收到了超过13000个评论。
Some of them are so nasty , they don't bear thinking about. 它们中的一些很下流,不值一提。
nasty:adj.极差的:令人厌恶的:不友好的:n.令人不愉快的事物:
This is an average, healthy-looking teenage girl receiving this feedback at one of the most emotionally vulnerable times in her life. 这是一个普通的、看起来很健康的少女 在她生命中情感最脆弱的时光收到的回复。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
Thousands of people are posting videos like this, mostly teenage girls, reaching out in this way. 有成千上万的人们上传这样的视频, 他们中大部分都是十几岁的女孩,用这种方式来接触外界。
But what's leading them to do this? 然而是什么导致他们这样做的呢？
Well, today's teenagers are rarely alone. 今天的青少年很少独处。
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
They're under pressure to be online and available at all times, talking, messaging, liking, commenting, sharing, posting — it never ends. 他们被迫上网并随时保持在线, 聊天、发信息、点赞、评论、分享、上传—— 无休无止。
Never before have we been so connected, so continuously , so instantaneously , so young. 我们之前从来没有如此被紧密地联系, 而且是如此地无休无止、如此快速,如此年轻。
continuously:adv.连续不断地; instantaneously:adv.即刻;突如其来地;
And as one mom told me, it's like there's a party in their bedroom every night. 正如一位妈妈跟我说的,似乎每天晚上他们的卧室里都有聚会。
There's simply no privacy . 简直毫无隐私。
privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
And the social pressures that go along with that are relentless . 而由此伴随而来的社会压力也是残酷的。
relentless:adj.无情的;残酷的;不间断的;
This always-on environment is training our kids to value themselves based on the number of likes they get and the types of comments that they receive. 这种永远在线的环境将我们的孩子训练成 要靠通过他们获得的点赞数量 和收到的评论来肯定自己的价值。
There's no separation between online and offline life. 没有线上和线下之分,
separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离; offline:n.脱机;挂线;adj.脱机的;离线的,未连线的;adv.未连线地;
What's real or what isn't is really hard to tell the difference between. 很难区分什么是真实的什么不是真实的,
And it's also really hard to tell the difference between what's authentic and what's digitally manipulated . 也很难区分现实 和虚拟世界。
authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的; digitally:adv.数位; manipulated:v.(暗中)控制,操纵,影响;使用;治疗脱臼;(manipulate的过去式和过去分词)
What's a highlight in someone's life versus what's normal in the context of everyday. 也分不清日常生活和精彩时光。
highlight:vt.突出;强调;使显著;加亮;n.最精彩的部分;最重要的事情;加亮区; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
And where are they looking to for inspiration? 那他们又从哪里去获得灵感呢？
Well, you can see the kinds of images that are covering the newsfeeds of girls today. 你可以看看那些今天出现在各种新闻中 女孩的形象。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
Size zero models still dominate our catwalks . “零号尺寸”模特仍然统治着T形台。
dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位; catwalks:(桥侧的)步行小道(catwalk的名词复数);
Airbrushing is now routine. 修饰照片现在也很常见。
Airbrushing:n.喷枪;气笔;vt.用气笔修(照片等);用喷枪喷;粉饰;
And trends like #thinspiration, #thighgap, 现在的趋势是#励瘦、#大腿间距、
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
#bikinibridge and #proana. #比基尼桥和#安娜运动。
For those who don't know, #proana means pro-anorexia. 要跟那些不明白这些的人提一下,#安娜运动的意思是支持厌食。
These trends are teamed with the stereotyping and flagrant objectification of women in today's popular culture. 这些趋势与今天的流行文化中对女性的刻板印象 和公然物化结合在一起。
stereotyping:n.刻板印象;浇版;v.把…浇铸成铅版;使成为陈规(stereotype的现在分词); flagrant:adj.公然的; objectification:n.客观化;对象化;
It is not hard to see what girls are benchmarking themselves against. 从中不难看出女孩子们是怎样定位自己的。
benchmarking:n.标杆管理;标记;确定基准点;
But boys are not immune to this either. 但是男孩子们对此也不能幸免。
immune:adj.免疫的;免于…的,免除的;n.免疫者;免除者;
Aspiring to the chiseled jaw lines and ripped six packs of superhero-like sports stars and playboy music artists. 他们渴望拥有轮廓分明的下巴线条和像英雄般的体育明星 以及花花公子音乐艺术家所拥有的六块腹肌。
Aspiring:adj.渴望从事…的; v.渴望(成就); (aspire的现在分词) chiseled:adj.轮廓分明的;凿刻的;v.镌刻;用凿子刻(chisel的过去分词); playboy:n.花花公子;寻欢作乐的人;
But, what's the problem with all of this? 但是, 所有的这些表现的问题是什么呢?
Well, surely we want our kids to grow up as healthy, well balanced individuals . 我们当然希望我们的孩子成长为一个健康、均衡发展的个人。
well balanced:adj.匀称的;神智健全的;通情达理的;明智的; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
But in an image-obsessed culture, we are training our kids to spend more time and mental effort on their appearance at the expense of all of the other aspects of their identities . 但是在这样一个对相貌着迷的文化中,我们正将我们的孩子训练成 将更多的时间和精力花在外貌上, 而对于其他方面的身份认同关注更少的人。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; appearance:n.外貌;外观;外表; at the expense of:以…为代价;由…支付费用; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数); identities:n.身份;本身;本体;特征;同一性;相同;(identity的复数)
So, things like their relationships, the development of their physical abilities, and their studies and so on begin to suffer. 因此,他们会在人际关系、体能发展 和学习等方面开始受挫。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Six out of 10 girls are now choosing not to do something because they don't think they look good enough. 现在10个女孩中有6个会因为她们觉得自己不够好看 而不去做某事。
These are not trivial activities. 这些都不是琐事。
trivial:adj.不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的;
These are fundamental activities to their development as humans and as contributors to society and to the workforce . 作为人类以及社会和职场的参与者的发展来说, 这些都是基本的。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; contributors:n.贡献者;参与者;编著者(contributor的复数形式); workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工;
Thirty-one percent, nearly one in three teenagers, are withdrawing from classroom debate . They're failing to engage in classroom debate because they don't want to draw attention to the way that they look. 有31%,也就是说将近三分之一的青少年 会从课堂辩论中退出。 他们退出是因为 不想让别人注意到他们的长相。
withdrawing:v.取出;拆下;后退;回收(withdraw的现在分词); debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; draw attention to:吸引对;吸引注意力;指出;对;
One in five are not showing up to class at all on days when they don't feel good about it. 有五分之一的青少年在感觉不是很好的时候 甚至都不会在班级里露面。
And when it comes to exams, if you don't think you look good enough, specifically if you don't think you are thin enough, you will score a lower grade point average than your peers who are not concerned with this. 考试的时候, 如果你觉得自己不够好看, 特别是如果你觉得自己不够苗条的话, 那么跟那些不关心这些的同学比起来 你可能得到的平均分数要比他们低。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; grade point average:n.(美国教育体制中学生在某一时期内各科成绩的)平均积分点; concerned with:关心;涉及;忙于;与…有关;
And this is consistent across Finland, the U.S. 这一点不管是在芬兰、美国
consistent:adj.始终如一的,一致的;坚持的;
and China, and is true regardless of how much you actually weigh. 还是中国都是一致的,而且不管你真实的体重是多少。
regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
So to be super clear, we're talking about the way you think you look, not how you actually look. 所以非常清楚,我们是在讨论 你所认为的自己的长相,而不是你的真实长相。
Low body confidence is undermining academic achievement. 对身体的信心不足会削弱学业成绩。
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; undermining:v.逐渐削弱;使逐步减少效力;从根基处破坏;(undermine的现在分词) academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者;
But it's also damaging health. 而且也会有损健康。
Teenagers with low body confidence do less physical activity, eat less fruits and vegetables, partake in more unhealthy weight control practices that can lead to eating disorders . 那些对自己身体信心不足的青少年会更少参加体育活动, 吃更少的水果和蔬菜, 而会更多参加那些不健康的可能导致饮食失调的 体重控制训练。
partake:vi.分享;参与;分担;带有某种性质;vt.分担;分享; unhealthy:不健康的 disorders:n.无秩序,混乱; v.[电子]扰乱(disorder的单三形式);
They have lower self-esteem . 他们的自尊心也会更低。
self-esteem:n.自尊;自负;自大;
They're more easily influenced by people around them and they're at greater risk of depression . 他们更容易受到周围人的影响, 并且有更高的抑郁的风险。
influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式) depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
And we think it's for all of these reasons that they take more risks with things like alcohol and drug use; crash dieting; cosmetic surgery; unprotected , earlier sex; and self-harm . 基于以上理由,我们认为他们有更高的风险去做 那些像酗酒、吸毒、 快速减肥、整容、无防护措施以及过早的性交 和自残这样的事情。
alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; cosmetic:adj.美容的;化妆用的;n.化妆品;装饰品; unprotected:adj.无保护的;未设防的;v.无保护;(unprotect的过去式和过去分词); self-harm:n.(故意)自我伤害(常由情感、精神问题所致);
The pursuit of the perfect body is putting pressure on our healthcare systems and costing our governments billions of dollars every year. 对完美身材的追求正使医保系统饱受压力 并且每年要花费政府数十亿美元。
pursuit:n.追求;追赶;追捕;跟踪; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
And we don't grow out of it. 而且我们并不会因为长大而放弃追求完美身材。
grow out of:产生于;因长大而丢弃;长得太高大;
Women who think they're overweight — again, regardless of whether they are or are not — have higher rates of absenteeism . 那些认为自己超重的妇女——不管她们 是否真的超重—— 会有更高的缺勤率。
overweight:adj.超重的;过重的;vt.使负担过重;n.超重; absenteeism:n.旷工;旷课;有计划的怠工;经常无故缺席;
Seventeen percent of women would not show up to a job interview on a day when they weren't feeling confident about the way that they look. 17%的女性会因为 某天感觉对自己的长相不自信 而不去参加那天的面试。
interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈; confident:adj.自信的;确信的;
Have a think about what this is doing to our economy . 想一下这对我们的经济 会有什么影响。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
If we could overcome this, what that opportunity looks like. 如果我们能克服这些,将会带来 哪些机会。
overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
Unlocking this potential is in the interest of every single one of us. 释放这个潜能将有益于 我们每一个人。
Unlocking:v.(用钥匙)开…的锁;发现;揭示;揭开;(unlock的现在分词) potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; in the interest of:adv.为了;为了...的利益;
But how do we do that? 但是我们该如何去做呢？
Well, talking, on its own, only gets you so far. 单独的空谈,也就只能到此为止了。
It's not enough by itself. 它本身是不够的。
If you actually want to make a difference , you have to do something. 如果你真的想有所改变, 你得去做点什么。
make a difference:有影响,有关系;
And we've learned there are three key ways: 而我们了解到这里有三个关键的方法:
The first is we have to educate for body confidence. 首先我们得培养自己对身体充满信心。
We have to help our teenagers develop strategies to overcome image-related pressures and build their self-esteem. 我们得帮助青少年想出 策略去克服跟形象有关的压力 并且建立他们的自尊心。
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
Now, the good news is that there are many programs out there available to do this. 好消息是现在已经有 许多这样的项目。
The bad news is that most of them don't work. 坏消息是大多数这样的项目没有效。
I was shocked to learn that many well-meaning programs are inadvertently actually making the situation worse. 我很震惊地了解到许多善意的 项目却无意中 使得情况更糟糕了。
well-meaning:adj.善意的;好心的; inadvertently:adj.非故意地,无心地;
So we need to make damn sure that the programs that our kids are receiving are not only having a positive impact , but having a lasting impact as well. 因此我们要确保 我们的孩子们正在接受的项目 不仅是对他们有积极影响的, 而且还要有持续的影响。
damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的; positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
And the research shows that the best programs address six key areas: 研究表明最好的项目 跟六个关键领域有关:
The first is the influence of family, friends and relationships. 首先是家人和亲朋好友的影响。
The second is media and celebrity culture, then how to handle teasing and bullying , the way we compete and compare with one another based on looks, talking about appearance — some people call this "body talk" or "fat talk" — and finally , the foundations of respecting and looking after yourself. 其次是媒体和名人文化, 然后是如何处理调侃和欺凌, 同其他人基于长相的 竞争和比较的方式, 对相貌的讨论——有些人 称之为 身材谈话“或”肥胖谈话“—— 最后一点,是你尊重 和看待自己的基础。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; celebrity:n.名人;名声; handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸; teasing:adj.开玩笑的;n.取笑;挑逗;v.取笑;戏弄;招惹;(tease的现在分词) bullying:n.仗势欺人者;横行霸道者;v.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;(bully的现在分词) compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数)
These six things are crucial starting points for anyone serious about delivering body-confidence education that works. 这六件事对于那些 真正想要实现有效的身体信心教育的人来说 是至关重要的起点。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
An education is critical , but tackling this problem is going to require each and everyone of us to step up and be better role models for the women and girls in our own lives. 教育是很重要的, 但是解决这个问题需要 我们所有人 提升自己并且成为 我们生活中的妇女和女孩们更好的榜样。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词);
Challenging the status quo of how women are seen and talked about in our own circles. 挑战我们在圈子中 如何看待和谈论女性的现状。
status quo:n.现状;原来的状况;
It is not okay that we judge the contribution of our politicians by their haircuts or the size of their breasts, or to infer that the determination or the success of an Olympian is down to her not being a looker . 我们不能仅凭 政治家的发型和胸围 去判断她的贡献大小, 或者因为长相不佳而推断 一个奥运会运动员不会成功。
contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) infer:v.推断;推论;暗示;推理; determination:n.测定;确定;决心;计算; looker:n.检查员;观看者;美人(口语);
We need to start judging people by what they do, not what they look like. 我们需要根据人们的所做所为去评判一个人, 而不是他们的长相。
We can all start by taking responsibility for the types of pictures and comments that we post on our own social networks. 我们可以从对我们 发布在社交网络上的图片和评论 担起责任开始做起。
We can compliment people based on their effort and their actions and not on their appearance. 我们可以基于人们的努力 和行动去赞美他们 而不是他们的相貌。
compliment:n.恭维;称赞;问候;致意;道贺;v.恭维;称赞;
And let me ask you, when was the last time that you kissed a mirror? 让我来问问你, 你上一次对着镜子亲吻 是什么时候？
Ultimately , we need to work together as communities , as governments and as businesses to really change this culture of ours so that our kids grow up valuing their whole selves, valuing individuality , diversity , inclusion . 最终,我们需要跟 社区、政府 和企业一起努力去改变我们的这些文化, 这样我们的孩子才能在成长中获得完整的自我, 重视个性、多元和包容。
Ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) individuality:n.个性;个人;个人特征;个人的嗜好(通常复数); diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: inclusion:n.包含;内含物;
We need to put the people that are making a real difference on our pedestals , making a difference in the real world. 我们要让那些正在改变 我们的现状的人去改变 真实的世界。
pedestals:基座;底座;
Giving them the airtime , because only then will we create a different world. 给他们时间,因为只有这样 我们才能创造一个不同的世界,
airtime:n.电影或电视节目开始的时间;
A world where our kids are free to become the best versions of themselves, where the way they think they look never holds them back from being who they are or achieving what they want in life. 一个我们的孩子可以自由地成为 最好的自己的世界, 一个他们不会因自己的长相 而阻碍他们成为自己想要成为的人 或者获得想要的东西的世界。
Think about what this might mean for someone in your life. 想一下这对你生命中的某个人可能意味着什么。
Who have you got in mind? 你脑海中出现了谁？
Is it your wife? 你的妻子？
Your sister? 你妹妹？
Your daughter? 你女儿？
Your niece? 你侄女？
Your friend? It could just be the woman a couple of seats away from you today. 还是你的某个朋友？也可能只是今天 跟你隔着几个座位的某个女性。
What would it mean for her if she were freed from that voice of her inner critic, nagging her to have longer legs, thinner thighs , smaller stomach, shorter feet? 如果她能摆脱内心挑剔的声音 更长更细的大腿,更瘦的肚子 和更短的脚。
inner:n.内部;射中接近靶心部分的一发;adj.里面的;向内的;内部的;接近中心的; nagging:adj.纠缠不休的; v.唠叨; (nag的现在分词) thighs:n.大腿;股;食用的鸡(等的)大腿;(thigh的复数)
What could it mean for her if we overcame this and unlocked her potential in that way? 如果我们能克服这些并打开 她在那方面的潜力,那对她来说又将意味着什么？
overcame:v.克服(overcome的过去式);
Right now, our culture's obsession with image is holding us all back. 现在,我们的文化中对形象的痴迷
obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念;
But let's show our kids the truth. 但是让我们向孩子们展示真相。
Let's show them that the way you look is just one part of your identity and that the truth is we love them for who they are and what they do and how they make us feel. 让我们向他们表明长相 只是身份的一部分, 而事实是我们爱他们是因为 他们是谁 和他们的所做所为 以及他们给我们的感觉。
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
Let's build self-esteem into our school curriculums . 让我们在学校的课程中设置自尊心科目。
curriculums:n.课程(curriculum的复数);
Let's each and every one of us change the way we talk and compare ourselves to other people. 让我们每一个人改变
And let's work together as communities, from grassroots to governments, so that the happy little one-year-olds of today become the confident changemakers of tomorrow. 让我们作为团体一起努力, 从基层到政府, 以便这些今天一岁大的快乐的孩子 明天自信的变革者。
grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的;n.草根;基础; changemakers:变革者;创革者;爱创家;
Let's do this. 让我们这样做吧。
(Applause) （掌声）