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MaryRobinson_2015W-_为什么气候变化对人权是个威胁？_
A question I'm often asked is, where did I get my passion for human rights and justice ? 我经常被问到的一个问题是, 我为什么热衷于人权和公正问题？
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
It started early. 这和我早期经历有关。
I grew up in the west of Ireland, wedged between four brothers, two older than me and two younger than me. 我成长在爱尔兰的西部, 有4个兄弟, 两个哥哥和两个弟弟。
wedged:adj.楔形的;v.锲入(wedge的过去式和过去分词);
So of course I had to be interested in human rights, and equality and justice, and using my elbows ! 所以我当然对人权, 平等, 公正, 和使用拳头感兴趣。
elbows:n.弯头; v.用肘推; (elbow的第三人称单数和复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
And those issues stayed with me and guided me, and in particular , when I was elected the first woman President of Ireland, from 1990 to 1997. 这些问题一直伴随着我,引导我。 特别是 当我被选为爱尔兰第一位女总统的时候, （从1990年到1997年）
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) in particular:尤其,特别;
I dedicated my presidency to having a space for those who felt marginalized on the island of Ireland, and bringing together communities from Northern Ireland with those from the Republic, trying to build peace. 在我的任期内, 我关注那些觉得在爱尔兰岛上被边缘化的人们,致力于给他们一个空间 并且把北爱尔兰的人们 和爱尔兰共和国的人们集合到一起, 力求建立和平。
dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) presidency:n.总统(或董事长,会长,大学校长等)的职位(任期);管辖;支配; marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And I went as the first Irish president to the United Kingdom and met with Queen Elizabeth II, and also welcomed to my official residence -- which we call "áras an Uachtaráin," the house of the president -- members of the royal family, including, notably , the Prince of Wales. 我是第一位拜访英国(United Kingdom) 并会见了女王伊丽莎白二世的爱尔兰总统, 一些人还被邀请到我的官邸-- 我们称之为“áras an Uachtaráin”总统府-- 一些皇室成员 尤其还包括威尔士亲王。
United Kingdom:n.英国; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员; residence:n.住宅,住处;居住; royal:adj.国王的;女王的;皇家的;n.王室成员; notably:adv.显著地;尤其;
And I was aware that at the time of my presidency, 我意识到在我的任期内,
Ireland was a country beginning a rapid economic progress. 爱尔兰是一个经济快速发展的国家。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
We were a country that was benefiting from the solidarity of the European Union . 我们的国家受益于欧盟的团结。
solidarity:n.团结,团结一致; European Union:n.欧洲联盟;
Indeed, when Ireland first joined the European Union in 1973, there were parts of the country that were considered developing, including my own beloved native county , County Mayo. 事实上,当爱尔兰在1973年第一次加入欧盟的时候, 这里的一些地区还被视为发展中地区, 包括我心爱的家乡梅奥郡。
beloved:adj.心爱的;挚爱的;n.心爱的人;亲爱的教友; native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民; county:n.郡,县;
I led trade delegations here to the United States, to Japan, to India, to encourage investment , to help to create jobs, to build up our economy , to build up our health system, our education -- our development. 我带领贸易代表团去美国, 去日本,去印度, 鼓励投资,创造就业, 建立我们的经济。 建立我们的卫生系统和我们的教育-- 促进我们的发展。
delegations:委托;代表团; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
What I didn't have to do as president was buy land on mainland Europe, so that Irish citizens could go there because our island was going underwater . 在当时,作为总统的我不必做的事情是 在欧洲大陆上买土地, 不必担心爱尔兰岛被淹没,让我的人民迁移到另外的土地上。
underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下;
What I didn't have to think about, either as president or as a constitutional lawyer, was the implications for the sovereignty of the territory because of the impact of climate change. 不管我是作为一个总统 还是作为一个宪法律师, 我都不需要考虑 领土主权的问题会受气候变化的影响。
constitutional:adj.宪法的;本质的;体质上的;保健的;n.保健散步;保健运动; implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数); sovereignty:n.主权;主权国家;君主;独立国; territory:n.领土,领域;范围;地域;版图; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
But that is what President Tong , of the Republic of Kiribati, has to wake up every morning thinking about. 但这是基里巴斯共和国总统TONG（汤） 每天早上起床需要思考的问题。
Tong:n.帮会,堂;钳子;vi.用钳子钳起;vt.用钳子钳起;
He has bought land in Fiji as an insurance policy , what he calls, " migration with dignity ," 他在斐济买了土地作为一种保险政策, 这被他称为“有尊严地迁移”。
insurance policy:n.保险单; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居; dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
because he knows that his people may have to leave their islands. 因为他知道他的人民必须离开他们的岛屿。
As I listened to President Tong describing the situation, 当我听到汤总统描述这个情况,
describing:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的现在分词)
I really felt that this was a problem that no leader should have to face. 我真的觉得这是个总统不应该面对的问题。
And as I heard him speak about the pain of his problems, 当我听到他谈起这些问题的痛苦,
I thought about Eleanor Roosevelt. 我想到了埃莉诺?罗斯福,
I thought about her and those who worked with her on the Commission on Human Rights, which she chaired in 1948, and drew up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 想到她以及那些曾经与她一起在人权委员会工作的人, 她在1948年担任人权委员会的主席, 并起草了《世界人权宣言》。
Universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; Declaration:n.宣言;宣告;宣布;公告;
For them, it would have been unimaginable that a whole country could go out of existence because of human-induced climate change. 对于他们来说,难以想象的是 整个国家可能因为人类活动 导致的气候变化而消失,
unimaginable:adj.不可思议的;难以想像的;
I came to climate change not as a scientist or an environmental lawyer, and I wasn't really impressed by the images of polar bears or melting glaciers . 我来关注气候变化,不是因为我是一名科学家或环境法律师, 我对北极熊或冰川融化的景象也没有 特别深刻的印象。
impressed:adj.印象深刻; v.使钦佩; (impress的过去分词和过去式) images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) polar:adj.极地的;南极(或北极)的;n.极线;极面; melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词) glaciers:n.[地理][水文]冰川(glacier的复数);[地理][水文]冰河;
It was because of the impact on people, and the impact on their rights -- their rights to food and safe water, health, education and shelter. 我来这里是因为它影响了人, 影响了人们的权利--- 对享有食物,安全用水,健康,教育和避难所的权利。
And I say this with humility , because I came late to the issue of climate change. 我现在谦卑地说这些, 是因为在关注气候变化问题上我来晚了。
humility:n.谦卑,谦逊;
When I served as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002, climate change wasn't at the front of my mind. 当我作为 联合国人权事务高级专员的时候, （从1997到2002年） 气候变化不是我首要考虑的问题。
High Commissioner:n.(英联邦国家之间互派的)高级专员;重大国际项目负责人;
I don't remember making a single speech on climate change. 我不记得我曾做过专门关于气候变化的演讲。
I knew that there was another part of the United Nations -- the UN Convention on Climate Change -- that was dealing with the issue of climate change. 我知道联合国有另外的机构--- 联合国气候变化大会 负责气候变化的事情
United Nations:n.联合国; Convention:n.习俗;惯例;协定;常规;
It was later when I started to work in African countries on issues of development and human rights. 后来当我开始在非洲国家 进行国家发展和人权方面的工作,
And I kept hearing this pervasive sentence: "Oh, but things are so much worse now, things are so much worse." 我总是听到这样的话: “哦,但现在严重多了,情况严重多了”。
pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
And then I explored what was behind that; it was about changes in the climate -- climate shocks, changes in the weather. 然后我开始探索这背后意味着什么; 这是关于气候变化的问题--- 气候巨变,以及天气的变化。
explored:v.探索;勘探;考察;探险;(explore的过去式和过去分词)
I met Constance Okollet, who had formed a women's group in Eastern Uganda , and she told me that when she was growing up, she had a very normal life in her village and they didn't go hungry, 在那里我遇到Constance Okollet, 她在乌干达东部建立了一个妇女组织, 她告诉我,她小时候 过着非常普通的乡村生活,他们不会挨饿,
Constance:n.康士坦茨湖(位于瑞士,德国和奥地利交界处); Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家);
they knew that the seasons would come as they were predicted to come, they knew when to sow and they knew when to harvest, and so they had enough food. 当特定的季节到来时他们可以预测到, 他们知道何时播种何时收获, 所以他们有充足的食物。
predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) sow:n.母猪; v.播种; adj.(美)雌的;
But, in recent years, at the time of this conversation, they had nothing but long periods of drought , and then flash flooding, and then more drought. 但是,近年来, 就在我们谈话的当时, 她们一无所有,只有长时间的干旱, 接着洪水, 然后更多的干旱。
drought:n.干旱;缺乏; flash:n.闪光; v.闪光; adj.庞大的;
The school had been destroyed, livelihoods had been destroyed, their harvest had been destroyed. 学校被摧毁, 生计被摧毁, 他们的收获被摧毁。
livelihoods:n.赚钱謀生的手段;生计;(livelihood的复数)
She forms this women's group to try to keep her community together. 她建立这个妇女组织是为了让她的社区团结起来。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And this was a reality that really struck me, because of course, Constance Okollet wasn't responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions that were causing this problem. 这件事真的打动了我, 为温室气体排放问题负责。
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
Indeed, I was very struck about the situation in Malawi in January of this year. 还有让我痛心的是今年一月 在马拉维发生的情况。
Malawi:n.马拉维(非洲国家);
There was an unprecedented flooding in the country, it covered about a third of the country, over 300 people were killed, and hundreds of thousands lost their livelihoods. 那里发生了前所未有的洪水, 大约三分之一的国家被淹没, 超过300人死亡, 成千上万的人丢失了生计。
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的;
And the average person in Malawi emits about 80 kg of CO2 a year. 马拉维的人均二氧化碳年排放量 是80千克,
emits:发出;放射;发行(emit的动词单数第三人称形式);
The average US citizen emits about 17.5 metric tons. 而美国的人均二氧化碳年排放量是17.5吨。
metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的;
So those who are suffering disproportionately don't drive cars, don't have electricity , don't consume very significantly , and yet they are feeling more and more the impacts of the changes in the climate, 正在遭受苦难的那些人 不开车,不用电,不过度消费, 却受到越来越多 气候变化的影响,
disproportionately:adv.不成比例地; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
the changes that are preventing them from knowing how to grow food properly, and knowing how to look after their future. 这些变化让他们不知道如何恰当地种植粮食, 不知如何照顾他们的未来。
I think it was really the importance of the injustice that really struck me very forcibly . 我想这真的非常不公正, 强烈地打击了我。
injustice:n.不公正;不讲道义; forcibly:adv.用力地;强制地;有说服力地;
And I know that we're not able to address some of that injustice because we're not on course for a safe world. 我知道我们没办法解决一些不公正, 因为我们没有在走向一个安全的世界。
Governments around the world agreed at the conference in Copenhagen , and have repeated it at every conference on climate, that we have to stay below two degrees Celsius of warming above pre-Industrial standards . 世界各国政府在哥本哈根举行的会议上达成共识, 并在每次气候大会上都重复的事情是: 比起前工业时期的标准, 全球变暖必须控制在2摄氏度以内,
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都); Celsius:adj.摄氏的;n.摄氏度; pre-Industrial:adj.工业化以前的; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
But we're on course for about four degrees. 但是全球变暖正接近于大约4摄氏度。
So we face an existential threat to the future of our planet. 所以我们星球的未来面临着生存的威胁。
existential:adj.存在主义的;有关存在的;存在判断的;
And that made me realize that climate change is the greatest threat to human rights in the 21st century. 这使我意识到 在21世纪气候变化是对人权的最大威胁。
And that brought me then to climate justice. 这使得我开始关注气候公正。
Climate justice responds to the moral argument -- both sides of the moral argument -- to address climate change. 气候公正涉及到道德论证-- 包括道德论证的双方-- 应该如何应对气候变化问题。
responds:v.(口头或书面)回答,回应;作出反应;响应;(respond的第三人称单数) moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的;
First of all , to be on the side of those who are suffering most and are most effected. 首先, 我们需要站在那些遭受最多痛苦,受影响最多的人们的一边。
First of all:adv.首先; on the side of:拥护…;站在…一边;赞助;
And secondly, to make sure that they're not left behind again, when we start to move and start to address climate change with climate action, as we are doing. 其次, 当我们开始行动的时候要确保他们不再被落下, 我们要开始行动应对气候变化, 正如我们正在做的那样。
In our very unequal world today, it's very striking how many people are left behind. 在今天这个非常不平等的世界, 被落下的人多得让人震惊。
unequal:adj.不平等的;不规则的;不胜任的;n.不等同的事物;
In our world of 7.2 billion people, about 3 billion are left behind. 世界上一共72亿人,大约30亿人被落下。
1.3 billion don't have access to electricity, and they light their homes with kerosene and candles, both of which are dangerous. 13亿人用不了电, 他们用煤油和蜡烛照明, 这是非常危险的。
kerosene:n.煤油,火油;
And in fact they spend a lot of their tiny income on that form of lighting. 事实上,他们已经用了微少收入的很大一部分来照明。
2.6 billion people cook on open fires -- on coal, wood and animal dung . 26亿人还在使用由煤、木头或动物粪便 产生的明火做饭,
dung:vt.施粪肥于;n.粪;
And this causes about 4 million deaths a year from indoor smoke inhalation , and of course, most of those who die are women. 这导致每年400万人 死于室内烟雾吸入, 当然,其中大部分是女性。
indoor:adj.(在)室内的;在户内进行的;在室内用的; inhalation:n.吸入;吸入药剂;
So we have a very unequal world, and we need to change from " business as usual ." 所以这是一个非常不平等的世界, 我们需要改变。
business as usual:na.照常营业;
And we shouldn't underestimate the scale and the transformative nature of the change which will be needed, because we have to go to zero carbon emissions by about 2050, if we're going to stay below two degrees Celsius of warming. 我们不应低估需要改变的程度, 需要改变的方式, 因为我们必须在2050年之前实现碳的零排放。 才能把全球变暖控制在2度以内,
underestimate:v.低估;看轻;n.低估; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的;
And that means we have to leave about two-thirds of the known resources of fossil fuels in the ground. 这意味着我们必须不再使用 2/3已知的地下化石燃料资源。
two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的;
It's a very big change, and it means that obviously, industrialized countries must cut their emissions, must become much more energy-efficient , and must move as quickly as possible to renewable energy. 这是一个非常大的变化, 这意味着 发达国家必须削减排放, 必须更加节能, 必须尽快使用可再生能源。
industrialized:adj.工业化的;v.使工业化;将…组成产业(industrialize的过去分词); energy-efficient:adj.节能的,节约能源的;高能效的; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
For developing countries and emerging economies , the problem and the challenge is to grow without emissions, because they must develop; they have very poor populations. 对于发展中国家和新兴经济体, 它们的问题和挑战是如何在不排放的情况下获得发展, 因为他们必须发展,他们还有很多贫困人口。
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
So they must develop without emissions, and that is a different kind of problem. 所以他们必须在不排放的情况下发展,这是另外一个不同的问题。
Indeed, no country in the world has actually grown without emissions. 确实,世界上没有一个国家可以真正实现零排放发展。
All the countries have developed with fossil fuels, and then may be moving to renewable energy. 所有国家都通过使用化石燃料发展, 然后可能再转向可再生能源。
So it is a very big challenge, and it requires the total support of the international community, with the necessary finance and technology , and systems and support, because no country can make itself safe from the dangers of climate change. 所以这是一个非常大的挑战, 它需要国际社会的全力支持, 必要的财务支持,技术支持,系统支持。 因为没有国家可以逃脱气候变化带来的危险。
finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
This is an issue that requires complete human solidarity. 解决这个问题需要全人类团结起来。
Human solidarity, if you like, based on self-interest -- because we are all in this together, and we have to work together to ensure that we reach zero carbon by 2050. 让我们团结起来,如果你愿意,可以基于自身利益-- 因为我们是一起的, 我们必须一起努力 以确保在2015年前实现碳的零排放。
self-interest:n.私利;利己主义; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
The good news is that change is happening, and it's happening very fast. 好消息是改变正在发生, 并且发生得非常快。
Here in California, there's a very ambitious emissions target to cut emissions. 在加州这里, 有一个非常雄心勃勃的削减排放的目标。
ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的;
In Hawaii, they're passing legislation to have 100 percent renewable energy by 2045. 在夏威夷,他们通过了一个法案, 在2045年之前夏威夷将100%使用可再生能源。
legislation:n.立法;法律;
And governments are very ambitious around the world. 各国政府志在必得。
In Costa Rica, they have committed to being carbon-neutral by 2021. 在哥斯达黎加,人们致力于在2021年前实现碳中和。
Costa:n.[解剖]肋骨;叶脉;[昆]前缘脉; committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) carbon-neutral:adj.碳平衡的(指碳排放量减低为零,或通过环保措施抵消排放)
In Ethiopia , the commitment is to be carbon-neutral by 2027. 在埃塞尔比亚,人们承诺在2027年前实现碳中和。
Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
Apple have pledged that their factories in China will use renewable energy. 苹果承诺他们在中国的工厂将使用可再生能源。
pledged:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;抵押(pledge的过去分词和过去式)
And there is a race on at the moment to convert electricity from tidal and wave power, in order that we can leave the coal in the ground. 同时,正在进行还有 利用潮汐和波浪发电的项目, 目标是让我们不再使用地下的煤。
convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人; tidal:adj.潮汐的;潮的,有关潮水的;定时涨落的; in order that:为了;以便;
And that change is both welcome and is happening very rapidly. 这些改变是受欢迎的并且在迅速发生。
But it's still not enough, and the political will is still not enough. 但这些还不够, 政治决心还不够。
Let me come back to President Tong and his people in Kiribati. 让我们再看回汤总统和他在基里巴斯的人民。
They actually could be able to live on their island and have a solution , but it would take a lot of political will. 实际上有一个解决方案可以让他们继续住在岛上, 但这需要强大的政治决心。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
President Tong told me about his ambitious idea to either build up or even float the little islands where his people live. 汤告诉我,他的想法是 建立一座岛屿甚至是使一座岛屿漂浮,这样他的人民就可以住在上面。
This, of course, is beyond the resources of Kiribati itself. 当然,这超出了基里巴斯本身的能力和拥有的资源。
It would require great solidarity and support from other countries, and it would require the kind of imaginative idea that we bring together when we want to have a space station in the air. 它需要其他国家的团结和大力支持, 就像我们要在太空建立空间站的时候, 我们需要联合起来制定出一个富有想象力的方案。
imaginative:adj.虚构的;富于想象的;有创造力的; space station:n.太空站;航天站;宇宙空间站;
But wouldn't it be wonderful to have this engineering wonder and to allow a people to remain in their sovereign territory, and be part of the community of nations? 但那将是一件极好的事情,如果这个工程奇迹 可以让那里的人们继续住在他们的领土里, 并且成为国际社会的一部分。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
That is the kind of idea that we should be thinking about. 那是我们需要思考的问题。
Yes, the challenges of the transformation we need are big, but they can be solved. 是的,改变的挑战是巨大的, 但它们是可以解决的。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
We are actually, as a people, very capable of coming together to solve problems. 实际上,我们人类, 可以团结起来去解决问题。
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
I was very conscious of this as I took part this year in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1945. 我清醒地意识到这一点,尤其是今年我参加 世界反法西斯战争胜利 70周年纪念活动的时候。
conscious of:意识到; commemoration:n.纪念;庆典;纪念会;
1945 was an extraordinary year. 1945年是不平凡的一年。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
It was a year when the world faced what must have seemed almost insoluble problems -- the devastation of the world wars, particularly the Second World War; the fragile peace that had been brought about; the need for a whole economic regeneration . 那一年全世界必须面对 许多棘手的问题-- 世界大战尤其是第二次世界大战造成的破坏, 脆弱的和平局势, 整个经济需要复苏。
insoluble:adj.不能解决的;[化学]不能溶解的;难以解释的; devastation:n.毁坏,荒废; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; regeneration:n.[生物][化学][物]再生,重生;重建;
But the leaders of that time didn't flinch from this. 但当时的领导人并没有退缩。
flinch:v.(突然)退缩;畏缩;n.退缩;
They had the capacity , they had a sense of being driven by never again must the world have this kind of problem. 他们有能力,有信心, 让世界不再遭受这类问题。
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
And they had to build structures for peace and security. 他们必须为世界的和平和安全建立架构。
structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
And what did we get? What did they achieve? 我们从中获得了什么？他们实现了什么？
The Charter of the United Nations, the Bretton Woods institutions , as they're called, The World Bank , and the International Monetary Fund . 联合国宪章, 布列敦森林机构,或者他们说的世界银行 和国际货币基金组织。
Charter:n.章程; v.包租(飞机、船等); institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); Monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; Fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助;
A Marshall Plan for Europe, a devastated Europe, to reconstruct it. 以及为了重建欧洲而制定的 马歇尔计划。
devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式) reconstruct:vt.重建;改造;修复;重现;
And indeed a few years later, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 当然还有几年之后发布的 《世界人权宣言》。
2015 is a year that is similar in its importance to 1945, with similar challenges and similar potential . 2015年是和1945年类似的一年, 类似的挑战和类似的可能性。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
There will be two big summits this year: the first one, in September in New York, is the summit for the sustainable development goals. 今年将有2个大的峰会: 一个将于9月份在纽约举行, 这是关于可持续发展的峰会。
summits:n.顶点;最高级会议;最高阶层;adj.最高级的;政府首脑的; sustainable development:可持续发展;
And then the summit in Paris in December, to give us a climate agreement. 另一个将于11月在巴黎举行,气候协议将在这个峰会上达成。
The sustainable development goals are intended to help countries to live sustainably , in tune with Mother Earth, not to take out of Mother Earth and destroy ecosystems , but rather, to live in harmony with Mother Earth, by living under sustainable development. 可持续发展目标旨在帮助各国 进行可持续发展,和地球母亲和谐共处, 不忽视地球母亲,不破坏生态系统。 更确切地说,通过可持续发展的生活方式 和地球母亲和谐共处。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) sustainably:adv.支撑得住;能保持住地; tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐; ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和;
And the sustainable development goals will come into operation for all countries on January 1, 2016. 这个可持续发展目标 将从2016年1月1日开始 在世界各国实施。
The climate agreement -- a binding climate agreement -- is needed because of the scientific evidence that we're on a trajectory for about a four-degree world and we have to change course to stay below two degrees. 而气候协议-- 是对各国有约束力的协议-- 这是非常有必要的,因为有科学证据表明, 我们的全球变暖正接近4摄氏度, 而我们必须将其控制在2度以内。
binding:v.结合; n.(书籍的)封皮; adj.必须遵守的; (bind的现在分词) scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道;
So we need to take steps that will be monitored and reviewed , so that we can keep increasing the ambition of how we cut emissions, and how we move more rapidly to renewable energy, so that we have a safe world. 所以我们需要采取可以监控和审查的措施, 增强减少排放的决心, 增强尽快使用可再生能源的决心, 这样我们才会有一个安全的世界。
take steps:采取措施;采取步骤; reviewed:v.复习;评估;评论;检讨;(review的过去分词形式) ambition:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;
The reality is that this issue is much too important to be left to politicians and to the United Nations. 事实上,这个问题太重要了, 不能把它留给政客或联合国决定。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's an issue for all of us, and it's an issue where we need more and more momentum . 这是我们所有人的问题, 我们需要更多的动力去应对它。
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力;
Indeed, the face of the environmentalist has changed, because of the justice dimension . 这已不仅仅是环保人士的问题, 因为它已涉及到公正维度。
environmentalist:n.环保人士;环境论者;研究环境问题的专家; dimension:n.方面;[数]维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸;adj.规格的;
It's now an issue for faith-based organizations , under very good leadership from Pope Francis, and indeed, the Church of England , which is divesting from fossil fuels. 现在,它还是一个罗马教皇弗朗西斯领导的 宗教组织的问题。 英国的教会 确实已经不再使用化石燃料。
faith-based:基于信仰; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; Pope:n.教皇,罗马教皇;权威,大师; Church of England:n.英国国教会;英格兰圣公会; divesting:剥夺;
It's an issue for the business community, and the good news is that the business community is changing very rapidly -- except for the fossil fuel industries -- 这还是一个商界的问题, 好消息是 商界的改变非常迅速-- 除了化石燃料行业外。
fossil fuel:n.化石燃料(如煤或石油);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Even they are beginning to slightly change their language -- but only slightly. 他们正在开始一点点地改变他们的说法和做法, 虽然只是一点点,
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
But business is not only moving rapidly to the benefits of renewable energy, but is urging politicians to give them more signals, so that they can move even more rapidly. 但是商业不仅能迅速推动可再生能源的好处, 而且还推动政客们给他们更多的信号, 这样他们可以改变得更快一些。
It's an issue for the trade union movement. 这是一个贸易联盟运动的问题,
trade union:n.工会;
It's an issue for the women's movement. 一个妇女运动的问题,
It's an issue for young people. 一个年轻人们的问题。
I was very struck when I learned that Jibreel Khazan, one of the Greensboro Four who had taken part in the Woolworth sit-ins , said quite recently that climate change is the lunch counter moment for young people. Jibreel Khazan说的一句话触动了我, 他是参加1960年格林斯伯勒伍尔沃斯店静坐抗议活动的4个成员中的一员。 他说, 气候变化是当下年轻人的“午餐柜台时刻”。
sit-ins:n.静坐抗议;静坐罢工; recently:adv.最近;新近;
So, lunch counter moment for young people of the 21st century -- the sort of real human rights issue of the 21st century, because he said it is the greatest challenge to humanity and justice in our world. 所以,这是21世纪年轻人的“午餐柜台时刻”-- 21世纪真正的人权问题, 因为他说气候变化是 对当今世界人权和公正的最大挑战。
rights issue:n.有购股权的证券发行(公司以优惠价格向现有股东发售新股); humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
I recall very much the Climate March last September, and that was a huge momentum, not just in New York, but all around the world. 我清楚地记得去年9月的气候示威游行, 那是一个非常大的运动, 不仅在纽约,全世界都在参与,
recall:v.记起;回想起;使想到;勾起;召回;n.记忆力;记性;回归请求;回收令;
and we have to build on that. 我们必须进行这样的游行。
I was marching with some of The Elders family, and I saw a placard a little bit away from me, but we were wedged so closely together -- because after all, there were 400,000 people out in the streets of New York -- so I couldn't quite get to that placard, 我跟着一些老年人家庭游行的时候, 看到一个靠近我的标语牌, 但是我们被人群挤开-- 毕竟,在纽约街道那里有40万人-- 所以我不能完全靠近到那个标语牌。
placard:n.海报,标语牌;招贴;vt.张贴,悬挂;公布;张贴公告于;vi.张贴公告;
I would have just liked to have been able to step behind it, because it said, "Angry Grannies!" 我只是希望能跟随它前进, 因为它上面写着:“愤怒的奶奶！”
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's what I felt. 这正是我现在的感受。
And I have five grandchildren now, 我现在有五个孙儿,
I feel very happy as an Irish grandmother to have five grandchildren, and I think about their world, and what it will be like when they will share that world with about 9 billion other people in 2050. 我非常开心我是一个有5个孙儿的爱尔兰祖母, 并且我在考虑他们的世界。 到2050年他们将和其他的90亿人 生活在怎样的世界里。
We know that inevitably it will be a climate-constrained world, because of the emissions we've already put up there, but it could be a world that is much more equal and much fairer, and much better for health, and better for jobs and better for energy security, than the world we have now, 我知道,不可避免地,未来的世界将是气候约束的世界。 因为我们今天产生的排放, 但它也可以是一个比现在这个世界 更平等,更公平, 更健康,能更好工作, 能源更安全的世界。
inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地;
if we have switched sufficiently and early enough to renewable energy, and no one is left behind. 如果我们能有效地转变,并尽早使用可再生能源, 不落下任何人。
sufficiently:adv.充分地;足够地;
No one is left behind. 那么就没有人会被落下。
And just as we've been looking back this year -- in 2015 to 1945, looking back 70 years -- 正如我们今年的回顾-- 从2015年回顾到1945年,回顾70年--
I would like to think that they will look back, that world will look back 35 years from 2050, 35 years to 2015, and that they will say, "Weren't they good to do what they did in 2015? 我想我们的后代也会回顾, 他们在2050年会回顾之前的35年, 回顾35年前的2015年 他们会说: “我们的前辈在2015年不是做得很好吗？
We really appreciate that they took the decisions that made a difference, and that put the world on the right pathway , and we benefit now from that pathway ," 我们真的很感激他们在当时做的决策,这改变了我们的未来, 把世界引向了正确的道路, 并使我们现在得益于那正确的道路。”
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径;
that they will feel that somehow we took our responsibilities, we did what was done in 1945 in similar terms, we didn't miss the opportunity, we lived up to our responsibilities. 他们会觉得我们尽了我们的责任, 我们做了和1945年类似的事情, 我们没有错过这个机会, 我们无愧于我们的责任。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
That's what this year is about. 这就是今年要做的。
And somehow for me, it's captured in words of somebody that I admired very much. 对我而言, 一个我非常钦佩的人的话语打动了我。
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
She was a mentor of mine, she was a friend, she died much too young, she was an extraordinary personality , a great champion of the environment: 她是我的导师,一个朋友, 她死的时候很年轻, 她是不平凡的人, 一个环保卫士:
mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导; personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色;
Wangari Maathai. 旺加里·马塔伊。
Wangari said once, " In the course of history, there comes a time when humanity is called upon to shift to a new level of consciousness , to reach a higher moral ground." 她曾说: “在历史的进程中, 在某一时刻,人类需要 进入一个新的意识水平, 达到一个更高的道德立场。”
In the course of:在…过程中;在…期间; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉;
And that's what we have to do. 这是我们必须做的。
We have to reach a new level of consciousness, a higher moral ground. 我们必须进入一个新的意识水平, 达到一个更高的道德立场。
And we have to do it this year in those two big summits. 我们必须在今年的两个大峰会上做到这点,
And that won't happen unless we have the momentum from people around the world who say: "We want action now, we want to change course, we want a safe world, a safe world for future generations, 这需要来自世界各地的人们聚在一起, 并且说: “我们要现在行动, 我们要改变, 我们要一个安全的世界, 一个给后代的安全世界,
a safe world for our children and our grandchildren, and we're all in this together." 一个给我们孩子孙儿的安全世界, 让我们一起共同面对！”
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）