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MaryNorris_2016-_纽约客逗号女王的挑剔荣耀_
I have spent the past 38 years trying to be invisible . 在过去38年的时间里,我都试图做一个隐形人
invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
I'm a copy editor . 我是一名审稿员
copy editor:n.文字编辑;
I work at The New Yorker, and copyediting for The New Yorker is like playing shortstop for a Major League Baseball team: every little movement gets picked over by the critics -- 我在纽约客工作（美国知名杂志） 为纽约客改稿子 就像是为职业棒球联盟打游击手一样 每一个微小的动作,都会被批评家们挑出刺儿来
shortstop:n.游击手;速显液; Major League:adj.第一流的;职业体育总会的; critics:n.评论家;批评者;吹毛求疵的人(critic的复数);
God forbid you should commit an error. 上帝禁止你出任何差错
forbid:v.禁止;不准;不允许;(正式)严禁; commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处;
Just to clarify : copy editors don't choose what goes into the magazine. 先澄清一点:审稿人并没有权利选择可以被发表的文章
clarify:v.澄清;阐明;得到澄清;得到净化;
We work at the level of the sentence, maybe the paragraph, the words, the punctuation . 我们在句子层面工作 也兼顾篇章 我们看的是字词、标点
punctuation:n.标点;标点符号;
Our business is in the details. 我们的工作主要集中于细节
We put the diaeresis , the double dot, over the "i" in "na?ve." 我们加入分音符,就是在 na?ve 中字母i上面的两个点
diaeresis:n.分音符;分音符号(等于dieresis);
We impose house style . 我们做独特的印刷风格
impose:v.推行;迫使;强制实行;把…强加于; house style:n.(出版社等书面材料的)特有样式;
Every publication has a house style. 每一份出版刊物都有自己的印刷风格
publication:n.出版物;发表;公布;发行;
The New Yorker's is particularly distinctive . 纽约客的风格更是别具一格
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; distinctive:adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的;
We sometimes get teased for our style. 我们有时候会因为独特的风格而遭到嘲笑
teased:v.取笑;戏弄;寻开心;招惹;挑逗;(tease的过去分词和过去式)
Imagine -- we still spell " teen-ager " with a hyphen , as if that word had just been coined. 设想一下,我们仍然在拼写“teen-ager”的时候加上连字符 就像这词才刚刚被造出来似的
teen-ager:n.青少年(十几岁的少年); hyphen:vt.以连字号连接;n.连字号;
But you see that hyphen in "teen-age" 但是你一看到在“teen-age”里面的连字符
and that diaeresis over "co?perate," 和在“c?operate”上面的分音符
and you know you're reading The New Yorker. 你就知道你正在读的是纽约客了
Copyediting at The New Yorker is a mechanical process . 在纽约客做编辑是一个机械的过程
mechanical:adj.机械的;力学的;呆板的;无意识的;手工操作的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
There is a related role called query proofreading , or page-OK'ing. 有一个与此相关的环节叫做查询校对 或者叫“让这一页OK”
query:n.疑问,质问;疑问号;[计]查询;vt.询问;对…表示疑问;vi.询问;表示怀疑; proofreading:n.(美)校对;校正;v.校对(proofread的ing形式);
Whereas copyediting is mechanical, query proofreading is interpretive . 与机械性的编辑工作形成对照的是 查询校对起到解释说明的作用
Whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; interpretive:adj.解释的;作为说明的;
We make suggestions to the author through the editor to improve the emphasis of a sentence or point out unintentional repetitions and supply compelling alternatives . 我们通过编者来对作者提出建议 以便能够加强句子语气 或者指出无意识的重复 也会提出更有力的替代选项
improve:v.改进;改善; emphasis:n.强调;重视;重要性;(对某个词或短语的)强调; unintentional:adj.非故意的;无意识的; repetitions:n.重复;重做;重说;重做的事;重说的话(repetition的复数) compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词) alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数)
Our purpose is to make the author look good. 我们的目的是让作者看起来更完美
Note that we give our proofs not directly to the author, but to the editor. 既然我们不是把校对意见直接告诉作者 而是告诉编辑
proofs:n.证明;证据(proof的复数);校稿; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
This often creates a good cop/bad cop dynamic in which the copy editor -- I'll use that as an umbrella term -- is invariably the bad cop. 这就会造成好人/坏人的动态转换 在这个过程中,审稿员-我来解释一下- 是永恒不变的坏人
dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; invariably:adv.总是;不变地;一定地;
If we do our job well, we're invisible, but as soon as we make a mistake, we copy editors become glaringly visible. 如果我们把工作做好了,我们就能继续隐形 可是一旦我们犯了错 我们审稿员就会成为众矢之的
as soon as:一…就; glaringly:adv.耀目地;显目地;
Here is the most recent mistake that was laid at my door. 这是我最近犯的错误
[Last Tuesday, Sarah Palin, the pre-Trump embodiment of populist no-nothingism in the Republican Party , endorsed Trump .] 【上周二,在共和党集会上 Sarah Palin在Trump之前已经成为no-nothingism无可知论的化身（应为“不可知论”） 支持Trump】
embodiment:n.体现;化身;具体化; populist:n.平民主义者; adj.民粹主义的(等于populistic); Republican Party:n.(美国)共和党; endorsed:v.(公开)赞同,支持,认可; (endorse的过去分词和过去式) Trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败;
'"Where were The New Yorker's fabled copy editors?" a reader wrote. 有读者问,“纽约客传说中的审稿员都干嘛去了”
fabled:adj.寓言中的,虚构的;v.虚构(fable的过去分词);
'"Didn't the writer mean 'know-nothingism'?" “难道作者想说的不是know-knowingism(不可知论)吗？”
Ouch. 哦==
There's no excuse for this mistake. 犯这种错误是没有任何借口的
But I like it: "no-nothingism." 但是我喜欢no-nothingism
It might be American vernacular for " nihilism ." 这有可能是美国版的“虚无主义”呀
vernacular:adj.本国的;地方的;用本地语写成的;n.本地话,方言;动植物的俗名; nihilism:n.虚无主义;无政府主义;恐怖行为;
(Laughter) （笑）
Here, another reader quotes a passage from the magazine: 另一个读者引用杂志里的一段话
quotes:n.引用,引号;报价(quote的复数);v.报价(quote的第三人称单数);引用;复述;
[Ruby was seventy-six, but she retained her authoritative bearing; only her unsteady gait belied her age.] 【Ruby已经76岁了,但她仍然保持权威的姿态 只有她蹒跚的步态与她的年龄不相符】
retained:v.保持;持有;保留;聘请(律师等);(retain的过去分词和过去式) authoritative:adj.有权威的;命令式的;当局的; unsteady:adj.不稳定的;不规则的;摇摆的;无常的;vt.使不稳定;动摇; gait:n.步法,步态;v.训练步法; belied:vt.掩饰;与…不符;使失望;证明…虚假错误;
He added: "Surely, someone at The New Yorker knows the meaning of 'belied,' and that it is the opposite of how it is used in this sentence. 他说 “当然了,纽约客里的人知道“belied（与...不相符）”的意思 但在这个句子里却完全把这个单词用反了
Come on! Get it together ." 别闹了！认真点行么！”
Get it together:振作起来;打起精神;
Belie: to give a false impression . Belie的意思是,给别人以错误的印象
impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想;
It should have been " betrayed ." 在这儿应该用“暴露”这个词更加合适
betrayed:v.出卖;泄露机密;辜负;对…不忠;(betray的过去分词和过去式)
E.B. White once wrote of commas in The New Yorker: "They fall with the precision of knives outlining a body." E.B. White有一次写到纽约客里的逗号,他说 “他们像用刀去描绘人体轮廓一样,精准的分毫不差”
commas:n.[语]逗号(comma的复数); precision:n.精度,[数]精密度;精确;adj.精密的,精确的; outlining:v.概述;略述;勾勒…的外形;(outline的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑）
And it's true -- we get a lot of complaints about commas. 这是事实,我们收到了好多关于逗号的投诉
complaints:n.不满;抱怨;投诉;控告;(complaint的复数)
'"Are there really two commas in 'Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard'?" “在*Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard*里真的有两个逗号吗？”
There may not be on the sign, but yes, that is New Yorker style for "Jr." 也许没有明确的说明,但是没错,这就是纽约客写 Jr. 的风格
One wag wrote: 有个爱开玩笑的人说
wag:v.摇摆;摇动;喋喋不休;蹒跚而行;n.摇摆;爱说笑打趣的人;
["Please, could you expel , or, at least, restrain , the comma-maniac, on your editorial staff?"] 【“拜托,你们可不可以杜绝,或者,至少,限制,一下 在你们的编辑中间那一股逗号狂热症,的存在？”】
expel:v.把…开除(或除名);驱逐出境;排出;喷出; restrain:v.抑制;阻止;控制;约束(自己); editorial:adj.编辑的;社论的;n.社论;
(Laughter) （笑）
Ah, well. 恩,好吧
In this case, those commas are well-placed , except that there should not be one between " maniac " and "on." 在这句话里,别的逗号放的都合情合理 只是有一点 在maniac和on之间,不应该有逗号出现
well-placed:adj.置于适当地点的;瞄得准的;有良好的职位或社会地位的; maniac:n.疯子,躁狂者;adj.发狂的;狂热的;癫狂的;
(Laughter) （笑）
Also, if we must have commas around "at least," 同样,如果在“at least (至少)”这个短语周围需要逗号的话
we might change it up by using dashes around that phrase: "... -- or, at least, restrain --" 我们通常会改用破折号 “...--或者,至少,限制--”
Perfect. 完美
(Applause) （掌声）
Then there's this: "Love you, love your magazine, but can you please stop writing massive numbers as text?" 还有这种: “爱你们,也爱你们的杂志, 但是能不能不要在文章里写出巨额数字了？”
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
[two and a half million ...] 【二百五十万...三百八十五万...】
(Laughter) （笑）
One last cri de coeur from a spelling stickler : 最后的强烈抗议是针对拼写的细节
cri de coeur:na.衷心的呼喊;强烈抗议;满腹牢骚; stickler:n.坚持细节的人;顽固的人;费解的事物;
["Those long stringy things are vocal cords , not chords ."] 【“那些细长的像绳子一样的东西是声带(cord),不是和弦(chord)”】
stringy:adj.绳的;纤维的;线;多筋的; vocal cords:n.声带; chords:n.[数]弦(乐器上的,chord的复数);和弦;
The outraged reader added, "I'm sure I'm not the first to write regarding this egregious proofreading error, but I'm equally sure I won't be the last. 愤怒的读者说 “我确信我肯定不是第一个 来指出这些超乎寻常的审阅纰漏的人, 但我可以肯定,我也不是最后一个,
outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的;v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词); regarding:prep.关于;至于;v.将…认为;把…视为;看待;(regard的现在分词) egregious:adj.惊人的;过分的;恶名昭彰的;
Fie!" 呸！”
(Laughter) （笑）
I used to like getting mail. 我是真喜欢收信呐！
There is a pact between writers and editors. 在作者和编辑之间有一种契约
pact:n.协定;公约;条约;契约;
The editor never sells out the writer, never goes public about bad jokes that had to be cut or stories that went on too long. 编辑从来不会出卖作者 也不会把剪掉的不好玩的笑话 和冗长的故事告诉别人
A great editor saves a writer from her excesses . 伟大的编辑通过适当的删减来拯救作者
excesses:n.过份荒淫的行为; v.暂不聘任;
Copy editors, too, have a code; we don't advertise our oversights . 审稿人也有我们的执业准则 我们不会到处宣讲我们对文章的监管
advertise:v.做广告;登广告;(在报纸、公共场所公告牌、互联网等上)公布;展现; oversights:n.疏忽;忽略;失察;负责;照管;(oversight的复数)
I feel disloyal divulging them here, so let's have look at what we do right. 在这儿泄露这些秘密,我觉得自己不太忠诚 所以来一起看看我们做的合适的事儿
disloyal:adj.不忠的;不忠诚的;背叛的; divulging:泄露;
Somehow , I've gotten a reputation for sternness . 不知为啥,我这个人以严厉着名
Somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; sternness:n.严厉;严格;
But I work with writers who know how to have their way with me. 但是跟我一起共事的作者都知道该怎么跟我相处
I've known Ian Frazier, or "Sandy," since the early 80s. 我在八十年代初就认识了Ian Frazier,我也叫他 Sandy
And he's one of my favorites, even though he sometimes writes a sentence that gives a copy editor pause. 他是我最喜欢的作者之一 尽管有时候他写出来的句子 会让审稿员头疼
Here is one from a story about Staten Island after Hurricane Sandy: 这是风暴Sandy过后 他写的关于斯塔恩岛的文字
Staten:n.斯塔恩(岛); Hurricane:n.飓风,暴风;
[A dock that had been broken in the middle and lost its other half sloped down toward the water, its support pipes and wires leaning forward like when you open a box of linguine and it slides out.] 【一个从中间部分折断,塌了一半的码头 朝水面倾斜 支撑它的管道和线缆向前倾 就像你打开一盒意大利扁面,而面条滑出来的样子】
dock:n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分;vt.使靠码头;剪短;vi.入船坞; other half:n.另一半(指配偶或男友,女友); sloped:adj.倾斜的;v.倾斜;使倾斜(slope的过去式); leaning:n.倾向;偏向;爱好;v.前俯(或后仰);倾斜;倚靠;(lean的现在分词) linguine:n.意大利扁面条;
(Laughter) （笑）
This would never have got past the grammarian in the days of yore . 这要是放在从前,文法老师才不会允许这么写东西呢
grammarian:n.文法学者,文法家;文法教师; yore:n.昔时,从前;
But what could I do? 但是我能做什么呢？
Technically, the "like" should be an "as," 事实上,“like（像）”这个单词应该被替换为“as（当...时）”
but it sounds ridiculous , as if the author were about to embark on an extended Homeric simile -- "as when you open a box of linguine." 但是听上去很滑稽 就像作者即将登上荷马时期明喻的巨轮 “当你打开一盒意大利扁面”
ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的; were about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将; embark:vi.从事,着手;上船或飞机;vt.使从事;使上船; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) simile:n.明喻;直喻;
(Laughter) （笑）
I decided that the hurricane conferred poetic justice on Sandy and let the sentence stand. 我决定让暴风授予Sandy以诗歌上的公正 然后让句子保持原样
conferred:v.商讨;协商;交换意见;授予;(confer的过去分词和过去式) poetic justice:n.报应;应得的惩罚;
(Laughter) （笑）
Generally , if I think something is wrong, 通常情况下,我如果觉得什么地方不太对
Generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地;
I query it three times. 我都会看三遍
I told Sandy that not long ago in a moment of indiscretion and he said, "Only three?" 不久之前有一次我跟Sandy聊到关于严谨的话题时我把这事儿告诉了他 “只有三次？”
in a moment:立刻; indiscretion:n.不慎的言行;不检点的言行;轻率;鲁莽;
So, he has learned to hold out. 所以,他学会了坚持
Recently , he wrote a story for " Talk of the Town ," 最近,他给“城镇说”写了个故事
Recently:adv.最近;新近; Talk of the Town:街谈巷议;
that's the section at the front of the magazine with short pieces on subjects ranging from Ricky Jay's exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum to the introduction of doggie bags in France. 故事被放到杂志首页 首页上还有其他主题 从Ricky Jay在大都市博物馆的展品 到对于法国食品袋（用于顾客打包带走）的介绍
exhibit:v.展览;表现;展出;n.陈列品;(在法庭上出示的)物证; Metropolitan:adj.大都市的;大主教辖区的;宗主国的;n.大城市人;大主教;宗主国的公民; doggie:小狗,狗
Sandy's story was about the return to the Bronx of Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor. Sandy写的是关于最高法院法官Sonia Sotomayor 回到布朗克斯的故事
Bronx:n.布朗克斯(纽约市最北端的一区);布朗克斯鸡尾酒; Supreme Court:最高法院;
There were three things in it that I had to challenge. 在文章里有三个地方我觉得需要改进
First, a grammar query. 第一个疑问是关于语法的
The justice was wearing black and Sandy wrote, 法官穿了黑衣服,所以Sandy写到
[Her face and hands stood out like in an old, mostly dark painting.] 【她的脸和手很突出,好像在古老的,全黑的画作里】
Now, unlike with the hurricane, with this "like," the author didn't have the excuse of describing hurricane damage. 不像是描述风暴时使用的“like” 这一次,作者没什么理由 使用“like（好像）”这个词
describing:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的现在分词)
'"Like" in this sense is a preposition , and a preposition takes an object, which is a noun. “like”在这儿是个介词,介词后面得是一个物体 也就是个名词
preposition:n.介词;
This "like" had to be an "as." 这里的“like”得换成“as”
'"As in an old, mostly dark painting." “如同存在于古老的,黑色的画作之中”
Second, a spelling issue . 第二个是拼写问题
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
The author was quoting someone who was assisting the justice: 作者引用了某个助手的一句话
quoting:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;(quote的现在分词)
["It will be just a minute. 【“马上就好,
We are getting the justice mic'ed,"] 我们即将扩音（mic*ed）正义”】
Mic'ed?
The music industry spells it "mic" 音乐人把话筒（microphone）拼写成“mic”
because that's how it's spelled on the equipment. 因为在设备上印的就是“mic”三个字母
I'd never seen it used as a verb with this spelling, and I was distraught to think that "mic'ed" 但是我从来没见过这个单词被用作动词 一想到 mic*ed 要出现在我审阅过的杂志里
distraught:adj.发狂的;心烦意乱的;
would get into the magazine on my watch. 我真的会抓狂
(Laughter) （笑）
New Yorker style for " microphone " in its abbreviated form is "mike." 纽约客把“microphone”简写成“mike”
microphone:n.麦克风;传声器;话筒; abbreviated:adj.简短的;小型的;服装超短的;v.缩写;节略(abbreviate的过去分词);
Finally , there was a sticky grammar and usage issue in which the pronoun has to have the same grammatical number as its antecedent . 最后,还有一个很麻烦的语法和使用问题 代词跟先行词要在语法数量上 保持一致
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; sticky:adj.粘的;粘性的; usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; pronoun:n.代词(代替名词或名词词组的单词); grammatical:adj.文法的;符合语法规则的; antecedent:n.前情;先行词;祖先;adj.先行的;前驱的;先前的;
[everyone in the vicinity held their breath] 【每一个在附近的人,都屏住了他们的呼吸】
vicinity:n.邻近,附近;近处;
'"Their" is plural and "everyone," its antecedent, is singular . “他们的”是复数形式,而作为先行词的“每个人”是单数
plural:n.复数形式;adj.复数的;复数形式的;多样的;多元的; singular:adj.单数的;单一的;非凡的;异常的;n.单数;
You would never say, "Everyone were there." 你永远不会说“每个人一起在”
Everyone was there. Everyone is here. 每个人曾经在,每个人现在在
But people say things like, "Everyone held their breath" all the time. 但是人们总在说“每个人屏住他们的呼吸”
To give it legitimacy , copy editors call it "the singular 'their,'" 为了让这些句子看起来更合理 审稿员给它们取了个名字,叫做“单数的他们”
legitimacy:n.合法;合理;正统;
as if calling it singular makes it no longer plural. 就好像把它叫做单数,这个词就不再是复数了一样
(Laughter) （笑）
It is my job when I see it in print to do my best to eliminate it. 我的工作就是当我看到这种句子被印出来的时候尽可能的去消除它们
eliminate:v.消除;排除;
I couldn't make it, "Everyone held her breath," 我不能把句子改成“每个人都屏住她的呼吸”
or "Everyone held his breath," 或者是“每个人都屏住他的呼吸”
or "Everyone held his or her breath." 或者“每个人都屏住他的或她的呼吸”
Whatever I suggested had to blend in. 我提的建议得让句子融到一起
blend:v.混合;融合;加入;相称;n.混合;混合物;混合种;混合色;
I asked, through the editor, if the author would consider changing it to "All in the vicinity held their breath," 我通过编辑来询问 作者愿不愿意把句子改成 “所有在附近的人都屏住了他们的呼吸”
because "all" is plural. 因为“所有人”是复数
Nope. 不行
I tried again: "All those present held their breath?" 我再问“所有出席的人都屏住了他们的呼吸？”
I thought this sounded vaguely judicial . 我觉得这个听起来模模糊糊还算公正
vaguely:adv.含糊地;暧昧地;茫然地; judicial:adj.公正的,明断的;法庭的;审判上的;
But the editor pointed out that we could not have "present" and " presence " 但是编辑说 我们不能把“出席的(present)”和“出席(presence)”
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
in the same sentence. 放到一个句子里
When the final proof came back, the author had accepted "as" for "like," 校对过的最后版本出来时 作者接受了把“like”换成“as”
and " miked " for "mic'ed."
miked:v.用扩音器传送;用窃听器窃听;(mike的过去分词和过去式)
But on "Everyone held their breath," he stood his ground. 但是在“每个人都屏住了他们的呼吸”这个句子上作者维持原状
Two out of three isn't bad. 三个改了两个,也还不错吧
In the same issue, in that piece on doggie bags in France, there was the gratuitous use of the f-word by a Frenchman. 同样的 在那个讲法国食品袋的文章里 法国人无缘无故的说了好多脏话
gratuitous:adj.无理由的,无端的;免费的; f-word:n.粗话(那个以f开头的词,指fuck性交);
I wonder, when the mail comes in, which will have offended the readers more. 我很好奇,再次受到来信的时候, 到底是哪一个会让读者更加愤怒
offended:v.得罪;冒犯;犯罪;犯法;(offend的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑）
Thank you. 谢谢大家
(Applause) （掌声）