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MarilynWaring_2019X-_被_gdp_忽视的无偿劳动——以及它为何重要_-
(In Maori : My mountain is Taupiri.) （毛利语:陶皮里是我的山。）
Maori:n.(新西兰)毛利人;毛利语;adj.毛利人[语]的;
(Waikato is my river.) （怀卡托是我的河。）
(My name is Marilyn.) （我的名字是玛丽琳。）
(Hello.) （你好。）
As you've heard, when I was very young, 正如各位听说过的, 我在很年轻的时候
I was elected to the New Zealand Parliament . 就被选举进入新西兰议会。
Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛) Parliament:n.议会,国会;
And at that age, you learn mostly by listening to others' stories. 在那个年纪,你大多数时候 都通过聆听他人的故事学习。
I remember a woman who'd been injured in a farm accident, and it was coming up to shearing time on the farm, and she had to be replaced by a shepherd , by a rousie in the woolshed , 我记得一位在农场事故中 受伤的女性, 那时候快到了农场 剪羊毛的时节, 于是她不得不由一位牧羊人, 由一位剪毛棚里的杂工取代, 【注:新西兰俗语】
injured:adj.受伤的:委屈的: v.伤害,使受伤: n.伤员; shearing:n.剪羊毛;剪取的羊毛;v.剪羊毛(shear的现在分词);修剪; shepherd:vt.牧羊;带领;指导;看管;n.牧羊人;牧师;指导者; woolshed:na.剪毛和打包工棚;
and of course there was still someone needed to manage the household and to prepare the food for the shearing gangs . 当然了,还需要有人 管理家庭起居, 并为剪羊毛的伙计们准备食物。
household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的; gangs:n.帮派(gang的复数);v.成帮结伙;合伙行动(gang的三单形式);
And her mother came to help with that. 她的母亲过来帮忙了。
But the family got no compensation for the mother, because that's what mothers and family members are supposed to do. 但是这家人并没有给 这位母亲报酬, 因为这是母亲和家庭成员 理所应当做的。
compensation:n.补偿;报酬;赔偿金; supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
One year, a company called Gold Mines New Zealand applied for a prospecting license on our beautiful Mt. Pirongia. 有一年,一个叫做 “新西兰金矿”的公司 申请了在我们美丽的皮隆亚山上 进行勘探的许可证。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) prospecting:n.探矿; license:v.许可;批准;
It is a mountain full of extraordinary ecosystems , of verdant , virgin native forests. 这座山拥有 非凡的生态系统, 葱郁的原始森林。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); verdant:adj.青翠的;翠绿的;没有经验的;不老练的; virgin:n.处女;童男;无…经验的人;新手; native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民;
It produced oxygen, it was a carbon sink, it was a home for endangered species and for pollinating species in the farmland around. 它制造氧气,它是天然碳汇, 【注:吸收二氧化碳的自然环境】 它是濒危物种以及 周围农田的传粉物种 的家园。
carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式) species:n.[生物]物种;种类; pollinating:vt.对...授粉; farmland:n.农田;
And the mining company put up this great economic prospectus that was about how much money could be made from mining our mountain, about all the growth and development 而采矿公司公布的 这份出色的经济计划书, 讲的全是开采我们的山 能够赚到多少钱, 能够为新西兰的财政预算
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; prospectus:n.内容说明书;样张;创办计划书;学校的入学简介;
that would show in New Zealand's budgetary forecasts , and we were just left with the language of all that we valued about our mountain. 带来多少增长与发展, 而只留给了我们 关于我们所珍视的山的语言。
budgetary:adj.预算的; forecasts:n.[气象][通信]预测; v.预言;
Fortunately , we stopped. 所幸的是,他们及时停手了。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
And then I remembered a woman who had three children under five who was caring for her elderly parents, and nobody seemed to think that at some stage she might actually need some assistance with childcare , because she wasn't in the paid workforce . 然后我又记起了 一位既要抚养三个 不到五岁的孩子, 又要照顾年迈双亲的女性, 似乎没人考虑过, 在某个阶段 她可能需要育儿方面的帮助, 因为她不属于有偿的劳动力。
elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; childcare:n.儿童保育;儿童照管;adj.儿童保育的;托管的; workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工;
And there began to be a pattern in all of these stories I was being told. 在我听说的这些故事中 渐渐浮现出某种规律。
And I started to ask enough questions to try and track to the core of this pattern of values that was part of all of these stories. 于是我开始问各种问题, 试图追溯到在这些故事中 均有所体现的 这种价值规律的核心。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; to the core:到心;彻底;彻底地;透顶的;
And I found it in an economic formula called the " gross domestic product ," 我在一个 被称为“国内生产总值”, 或者 GDP 的经济学公式中
formula:n.公式; adj.(赛车)方程式的(指赛车要符合规定的体积,重量及汽缸容量等); gross domestic product:na.国内生产总值;
or the GDP. 找到了它。
Most of you will have heard of it. 你们大部分人应该听说过这个词。
Many of you won't have any idea what it actually means. 你们很多人可能完全不明白 这个词到底是什么意思。
The rules were drawn up by Western-educated men in 1953. 规则是在 1953 年 由接受了西方教育的男人们制订的。
They established a boundary of production in drawing up these rules. 他们在制订这些规则时,
established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线;
What they were keen to measure was everything that involved a market transaction . 他们热衷衡量的是 涉及到市场交换的一切。
keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) transaction:n.处理;业务;办理;
So on one side of the boundary, everything where there was a market exchange was counted. 于是在界线的一侧, 所有包含了市场交换 的行为都计算在内,
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换;
It doesn't matter whether the exchange is legal or illegal . 不管该交换是否合法。
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
Market exchange in the illegal trade in armaments , [munitions], drugs, endangered species, trafficking of people -- all of this is great for growth and it all counts. 非法贸易中的市场交换, 包括走私军火弹药、 毒品、濒危物种、 贩卖人口—— 这些对于经济增长都很好, 都可以计算在内。
armaments:n.[军]军备;[军]武器(armament的复数);
On the other side of the boundary of production, there was this extraordinary phrase in the rules that the work done by the people they called "nonprimary producers" 在生产范畴的另一侧, 在规则中有这么一句 神奇的话, 说是被他们称作“非主要生产者” 的人完成的工作
On the other side:另一面;在另一边;
was "of little or no value." 是“价值很小或毫无价值的”。
So I thought, let's see how many nonprimary producers we have here today. 于是我就想,让我们看看 今天在座有多少非主要生产者吧。
So in the last week or so, how many of you have transported members of your household or their goods without payment ? 在上个星期之内, 你们有多少人曾经 无偿运送过你的家庭成员 或他们的物品？
transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式) payment:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答;
How many of you have done a bit of cleaning, a bit of vacuuming , a bit of sweeping , a bit of tidying up the kitchen? 你们有多少人搞过一点卫生, 吸过一点尘, 扫过一点地, 清理了一下厨房？
vacuuming:v.用真空吸尘器清扫;(vacuum的现在分词) sweeping:n.扫除; adj.影响广泛的; v.打扫; (sweep的现在分词) tidying:v.使整洁;使整齐;整理(tidy的现在分词)
Yeah? 嗯？
How about going shopping for members of the household? 那么为家庭成员购物呢？
Preparing food? Cleaning up afterwards? 准备食物？餐后收拾？
Laundry ? Ironing? 洗衣物？熨衣服？
Laundry:n.洗衣店,洗衣房;要洗的衣服;洗熨;洗好的衣服;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Well, as far as economics is concerned , you were at leisure . 而就经济学而言, 你们都是逍遥自在的无产出者。
as far as:至于…; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) leisure:n.休闲;闲暇;空闲;adj.闲暇的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause and cheers) （掌声与喝彩）
Now, how about the women who have been pregnant and who have had children? 那么,有哪些女士 曾经怀孕、生过孩子？
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
Yes. 好的。
Now, I really hate to tell you this, because it might well have been hard labor, but at that moment, you were unproductive . 我实在不愿意这么告诉你们, 因为你的生产过程可能很艰难, 但在那一刻,你毫无生产性。
unproductive:adj.非生产性的;徒劳的;不毛的;不生产的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And some of you may have breastfed your infant . 另外你们中有些人 可能母乳哺育过你的婴儿。
breastfed:v.用母乳喂养;用母奶喂养;(breastfeed的过去式) infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的;
Now, in the New Zealand national accounts -- that's what the figures are called, that's where we get the GDP -- in the New Zealand national accounts, the milk of buffalo , goats, sheep and cows is of value but not human breast milk. 在新西兰的国民经济核算里—— 这是那些数额的名字, 也是 GDP 的来源—— 在新西兰的国民经济核算里, 水牛奶、山羊奶、绵羊奶和牛奶 都有价值, 但是人类母乳并没有价值。
buffalo:n.[畜牧][脊椎]水牛;[脊椎]野牛(产于北美);水陆两用坦克;
(Laughter) （笑声）
It is the very best food on the planet. 这是地球上最好的食物。
It is the very best investment that we can make in the future health and education of that child. 这是我们能为那个孩子 未来的健康与教育 做出的最好投资。
investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
It doesn't count at all. 但它完全不算数。
All of those activities are on the wrong side of the production boundary. 所有这些活动都在 生产范畴错误的一侧。
on the wrong side of:过了…岁;已过…岁;亏欠;
And something that's very important to know about this accounting framework: they call it "accounts," 关于这个会计制度 需要清楚很重要的一件事: 它叫做“（会计）核算”,
but there's no debit side. 但并没有“借方”一栏。
debit:v.记入借方,登入借方;n.借方;
We just keep market exchanges going, and it's all good for growth. 我们只需让市场交换继续下去, 一切都对经济增长有好处。
We're in Christchurch, where people have lived through a devastating natural disaster and recovered. 我们身处基督城, 这里的居民刚刚撑过 一场毁灭性的自然灾害, 并重振旗鼓。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸;
And ever since that time, 自从那时开始,
New Zealand has been told our growth figures are great, because we're rebuilding Christchurch. 新西兰的人民就被告知 我们的经济增长数字很棒, 因为我们在重建基督城。
Nothing was ever lost from the national accounting framework because of the loss of lives, the loss of land, the loss of buildings, the loss of special spaces. 国民经济会计制度里 不曾有过任何损失, 哪怕我们失去了生命, 失去了土地, 失去了建筑, 失去了特别的场所。
Now, it might also be becoming obvious to you that this boundary of production works in terms of our environment. 你们或许已经注意到 这个生产范畴 对我们的环境也是同理。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
When we're mining it, when we're deforesting , when we're deleting our environment, when we're fishing out our marine resources , legal or illegal, as long as market is exchanged, it's all good for growth. 当我们开采矿物, 当我们砍伐森林, 当我们抛弃环境, 当我们以合法或非法的途径 捕捞我们的海洋资源, 只要市场上发生交换, 一切对增长都好。
deforesting:v.砍伐森林;去掉树木;(deforest的现在分词) marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
To leave our natural environment alone, to sustain it, to protect it, is apparently worth nothing. 让我们的自然环境保持原样、 维持它、保护它, 显然是一文不值的。
sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实; apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
Now, how and what can we do about this? 那么,我们对此能做什么, 又该怎么做？
Well, I wrote first about it 30 years ago. 我在三十年前就第一次 写过这个话题。
Then in 2008, after the global financial crisis , 然后在 2008 年, 在全球金融危机之后,
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
President Sarkozy of France asked three men who had all won Nobel Prizes in Economics -- 法国总统萨科齐 请求三位曾荣获 诺贝尔经济学奖的男人,
Sarkozy:n.萨科齐(法国总统);
Sen, Fitoussi and Stiglitz -- to discover what I'd written about 30 years ago. 森,菲图西和斯蒂格利茨, 去发现我早在三十年前 就论述过的东西。
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
'" Relying on per capita GDP, relying on these growth figures," they said, "doesn't appear to be the best way to proceed to make public policy." 他们说:“依靠人均 GDP, 依靠这些增长数字, 看上去并不是制定公共政策 的最佳标准。”
Relying:v.依赖;信任;指望(rely的现在分词); per capita:adj.每人的;人均的; proceed:n.收入;卖得金额;收益;v.继续;接着做;行进;前往;
And I totally agree with them. 我完全赞同他们的结论。
(Laughter) （笑声）
One of the things that you notice about these rules -- they are revised; 1968 they were revised , 1993, 2008 -- is that the revisions are mostly done by statisticians , 关于这些规则,值得注意的是, 它们被修订过—— 这些修订多数由统计学家进行,
revised:v.改变;修改;复习;温习;(revise的过去分词和过去式) revisions:n.校订,[印刷]修正;复习(revision的复数形式); statisticians:n.统计学家,统计员;
and the statisticians do know what is wrong with the data, but hardly any of the economists ever stop to ask that same question. 统计学家们的确知道 数据有什么问题, 但是几乎没有经济学家 曾停下来问同样的问题。
hardly any:几乎没有;
So, in 2019, the GDP is in even worse shape. 于是,在 2019 年, GDP 的现状变得更加糟糕。
You see, to measure GDP, you have to assume that some kind of production or service delivery or consumption occurs inside a nation-state , and you know where that is. 为了测量 GDP, 你不得不假设某种生产 或服务提供或消费 是发生在一个国家里的, 并且你知道这个国家在哪里。
assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数); nation-state:n.单一民族国家;
But trillions of dollars are circling the globe in mini-part from our Googles , our Facebooks, our Twitters , siphoned through a number of tax shelters, so that when we click on our computer and go to download some software, we don't know where it was produced, and frankly, no one knows where we are as we're consuming it, either. 但来自我们的谷歌、Facebook 和推特账号的点点滴滴 这些钱通过无数个避税所, 从而使得我们在电脑上点击鼠标 下载某个软件时, 我们并不知道它由哪里生产, 而且说实在的,也没有人知道 我们是在何处消费它的。
trillions:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; Googles:n.[网]谷歌; v.[网]用谷歌搜索; (Google的第三人称单数) Twitters:n.微博客,鸟叫声;vt.吱吱叫;嘁嘁喳喳地讲; siphoned:n.虹吸管;vi.通过虹吸管;vt.用虹吸管吸出;抽取; consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的;v.消耗(consume的ing形式);
These tax-free havens distort the GDP to such an extent that about three years ago, 这些免税天堂 让 GDP 发生了严重的扭曲, 以至于约三年前,
tax-free:adj.免税的;无税的; havens:避难所;港口(haven的复数);安置…于港中;庇护; distort:v.使变形;扭曲;使失真;歪曲; extent:n.程度;范围;长度;
Europe looked askance at Ireland and said, "We don't think you're reporting correctly," 欧盟斜眼看着爱尔兰, 说:“我们觉得你没有如实汇报,”
askance:adv.怀疑地;斜视地;
and in the next year, their GDP went up 35 percent. 第二年,他们的 GDP 就增长了 35%。
Now, all that work that you're doing when you were at leisure and unproductive, we can measure this, and we can measure this in time use surveys . 我们可以测量 你在逍遥散漫、无所事事时 做的所有工作—— 通过“时间利用”调查。
surveys:n.调查(survey的复数);
When we look at the amount of time that's taken in the unpaid sector , what we find is that in almost every country where I've ever seen the data, it is the single largest sector of the nation's economy . 我们研究无偿劳动 所占去的时间时, 我们发现在几乎每一个 提供了数据的国家中, 无偿劳动都是那个国家 经济的最大单一部门。
unpaid:adj.未付款的;[税收]未缴纳的;无报酬的; sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
In the last three years, for example, the UK statistician has declared that all of that unpaid work is the equivalent of all manufacturing and all retailing in the UK. 比如说,在过去三年内, 英国统计学家宣称, 英国的全部无偿劳动 等价于制造业和 零售业的总和。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); retailing:n.零售业;v.零售(retail的ing形式);
In Australia, the single largest sector of Australia's economy is unpaid childcare, and the second-largest sector is all the rest of the unpaid work, before banking and insurance and financial intermediation services clock in at the largest part of the market sector. 在澳大利亚的经济中, 最大的单一部门 是无偿儿童保育, 而第二大的部门是 剩余的所有无偿劳动, 排在占去市场部门最大头的 银行、保险以及金融中介服务之前。
all the rest:其他所有相关信息; insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的; intermediation:n.调解;
Just last year, the Premier of the Victoria state of Australia declared that half of that state's GDP was, in fact, the value of all the unpaid work. 就在去年,澳大利亚 维多利亚州州长 宣布该州 GDP 的一半 事实上等同于 所有无偿劳动的价值。
Premier:adj.第一的;最初的;n.总理,首相;
Now, as a policy maker, you cannot make good policy if the single largest sector of your nation's economy is not visible . 作为政策制定者, 你不可能在国家经济 最大的单一部门 被隐形的情况下
visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目;
You can't presume to know where the needs are. 你不能假定自己知道 大众的需求在哪里。
presume:v.假定;推测;擅自;意味着;
You can't locate time poverty . 你无法定位时间匮乏的地方。
locate:v.确定…的准确地点;把…安置在(或建造于);创办于(某地); poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
You can't address the most critical issues of need. 你无法解决最为迫切的需求。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
So what can go in the place of GDP? 那么什么指标能够取代 GDP？
in the place of:在…的地方;
Well, GDP has got many other problems, OK? GDP 还有很多别的问题。
We don't behave in a way that assists GDP. 我们的行为方式并不支持 GDP。
behave:v.表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用;
Large numbers of people around the planet are now using household assets -- their cars, their homes, themselves -- for Uber , for Airbnb . 现在全球有很多人 正在使用他们的家庭资产—— 他们的车、房子、他们自身—— 提供优步（Uber）和 爱彼迎（Airbnb）服务。
assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数) Uber:adj.最好的;?超级的;n.Uber(公司品牌名)优步; Airbnb:寻找奇居;爱本卜(一个网站);
And no, we're not supposed to use assets from the unpaid sector to make money in the market sector. 不对,我们理应不能 使用无偿劳动部门的资产 在市场部门赚钱。
This is confusing ! 这实在是太混乱了！
confusing:adj.令人困惑; v.使糊涂; (confuse的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
And very difficult to measure. 并且也很难测量。
So economists don't want to know what's wrong with their most important GDP, and I think they've got so many problems, they can just move off to a quiet corner and continue to publish that and not come anywhere near the rest of us with this talk of capitals and natural assets and other ways in which to colonize the rest of our lives. 经济学家们并不想知道 他们最重要的 GDP 出了什么问题, 而且我觉得他们的课题那么多, 他们应该乖乖挪到一个安静的角落 继续发表那些论文, 而不要带着资本 和自然资产的言论 以及其它用来殖民 我们剩余人生的手段 靠近我们其他人哪怕一步。
publish:v.出版;发表;公布; colonize:vt.将…开拓为殖民地; vi.开拓殖民地;
I think time use is the most important indicator going forward. 我觉得以后最重要的指标 是时间利用。
indicator:n.指示器;[试剂]指示剂;[计]指示符;压力计;
Every one of us has exactly the same amount of it. 我们每一个人都有完全等量的时间。
If there are going to be critical issues as we move forward, we need a solid database, because whatever we change away from the GDP, we're going to be stuck with it for about 50 years, and we need something that's solid and immutable and that everybody understands, because if I put time use data in front of you, you'll immediately start nodding. 如果要说在未来 会有什么至关重要的议题, 我们需要一个牢靠的数据库, 因为不管我们把 GDP 换成什么, 我们都将和它共处近 50 年, 于是我们需要某样坚实不变的、 所有人都能理解的东西, 因为如果我把时间利用数据 摆在你面前, 你会马上开始点头。
immutable:adj.不变的;不可变的;不能变的;
You'll immediately start recognizing what it means. 你会马上开始认识到 它意味着什么。
recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词)
And, honestly, if I put the GDP data in front of you, a lot of you would prefer to leave for morning tea. 另外,说实话, 如果我把 GDP 数据 摆在你的面前, 你们很多人大概 宁可离席去喝茶。
prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
(Laughter) （笑声）
We also need to be looking at the quality of our environment. 我们还需要监控我们的环境质量。
As every year goes past, we get much better at measuring the devastation of it, of measuring how little we protect anymore. 随着时间一年年过去, 我们变得更加善于 衡量它受到的破坏, 衡量我们还在保护的东西 变得多么稀少。
devastation:n.毁坏,荒废;
And yet, with climate change, we don't all have to be scientists to see, to feel, to know what is happening to our beautiful planet. 然而,随着气候变化, 我们即使不是科学家, 也能看到、感受到、知道 我们美丽的星球正在遭受什么。
We need, in this country, the paramountcy of what we can learn from kaitiakitanga, from whanaungatanaga, from what Maori, who have been here for centuries, can teach us. 在这个国家里,我们需要 能从 kaitiakitanga（守护环境的职责）、 【注:毛利语】 从 whanaungatanaga（家族的维系）、 【注:毛利语】 从在这里生活了许多世纪的毛利人 那里学到的至高无上的准则。
paramountcy:n.至上;最高权力;
When you're in parliament, and you're not in an economist's frame of mind , you make decisions across a range of data. 当你身在议会, 并且没有经济学家 的思维框架时, 你会通过各种各样 的数据做出决策。
frame of mind:n.心态;心绪;
You look at the trade-offs . 你会进行权衡考量。
trade-offs:n.权衡(trade-off的复数);交易;物物交换;
You think deeply about implications way beyond whether or not GDP is up or down. 你会深深地思考 远比GDP 是涨是跌 更加深远的涵义。
implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数); whether or not:是否…;
Economists want to turn everything into a monetary exchange, even time use data, so that they can carry on trying to decide whether GDP is up or down. 经济学家想把一切, 甚至包括时间利用数据, 变成金钱交换, 这样他们就能继续试图判断 GDP 是涨了还是跌了。
monetary:adj.货币的;财政的;
That's not a great way to go. 这并不是很好的前进方式。
And others have said to me, "Marilyn, why don't you just work on a system that includes all the unpaid work and the pregnancy and the birth and the lactation in the GDP?" 别人曾经对我说过, “玛丽琳,你为什么不干脆开发一个 把所有无偿劳动、 怀孕、生子、哺乳
pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长; lactation:n.哺乳;哺乳期;授乳(形容词lactational);分泌乳汁;
There's a very important moral and ethical answer to that, and it is that I do not want the most valuable things on earth, the things I treasure, sitting in an accounting framework that thinks that war is great for growth. 对此,我有一个很重要 的伦理道德的回答, 那就是我并不想让 这世界上最珍贵的东西, 那些我珍视的事物, 躺在一个认为战争有利于发展 的会计制度里。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品;
(Applause and cheers) （掌声与喝彩）
So from now on , whenever you listen to the news, you're not going to go blank when they say GDP. 那么从今以后, 每当你听新闻时, 在他们提到 GDP 时, 你将不再头脑一片空白。
from now on:从今以后;从现在起;
You're going to think, "I know what they're talking about, and it's not good." 你将会想到, “我知道他们在说什么, 它并不是什么好东西。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
I know that there are alternatives , and I'm going to spend my time correcting people, talking to them about this value base and talking to them about what the alternatives can be, because humankind and our planet need anothe r way. 我知道有别的替代方法, 我将花时间纠正人们, 跟他们讲述这个价值基础, 并且告诉他们有什么替代方式, 因为人类 与我们的地球 需要别的衡量方式。
alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数)
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause and cheers) （掌声与喝彩）