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MargaretStewart_2010U-_youtube如何看待版权问题_
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| So, if you're in the audience today, or maybe you're watching this talk in some other time or place, you are a participant in the digital rights ecosystem . |
好,如果你今天是一名现场观众, 或者你在其他时间或地点观看这段讲话, 你正在处在数字版权生态系统之中。 |
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participant:adj.参与的;有关系的;n.参与者;关系者; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; ecosystem:n.生态系统;
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| Whether you're an artist, a technologist , a lawyer or a fan, the handling of copyright directly impacts your life. |
无论你是一名艺人,一名技师, 或是一名律师或一名粉丝, 如何处理版权问题直接影响了你的生活。 |
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technologist:n.技术专家;工艺学家; copyright:n.版权;著作权;adj.受版权保护的;未经准许不得复制的;v.获得…的版权; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
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| Rights management is no longer simply a question of ownership, it's a complex web of relationships and a critical part of our cultural landscape . |
现在,版权管理已不再 是一个简单的拥有权问题。 而是一个充满了各种关系的复杂网络 也是我们文化景观的重要组成部分。 |
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management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
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| YouTube cares deeply about the rights of content owners, but in order to give them choices about what they can do with copies, mashups and more, we need to first identify when copyrighted material is uploaded to our site . |
YouTube 深切关注内容所有者的各项权益。 但是,为了给他们选择如何 处理副本,混搭以及其他更多的情况, 我们需要首先确认 当有版权保护的材料被上传到我们的网站上。 |
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content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: copyrighted:adj.有版权的;受版权保护的; uploaded:vt.上传; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
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| Let's look at a specific video so you can see how it works. |
让我们来看这段视频,这样你就可以理解这是怎样工作的。 |
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specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
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| Two years ago, recording artist Chris Brown released the official video of his single "Forever." |
两年前,唱片艺术家克里斯布朗, 发行了他的单曲,“FOREVER”的官方视频。 |
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released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
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| A fan saw it on TV, recorded it with her camera phone, and uploaded it to YouTube. |
一名粉丝在电视上看到后, 用她自己的摄像手机录制了下来, 并上传到Youtube。 |
| Because Sony Music had registered Chris Brown's video in our Content ID system, within seconds of attempting to upload the video, the copy was detected , giving Sony the choice of what to do next. |
现在,因为索尼音乐公司已经在我们内容身份识别系统中 注册了克里斯 布朗的音乐视频, 就在她试图上传该视频的几秒钟内, 这个副本就被检测出来, 然后由索尼音乐公司来决定下一步该怎么办。 |
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registered:adj.登记过的;记名的;挂号的;v.登记;注册;(register的过去式和过去分词) attempting:v.努力;尝试;试图;(attempt的现在分词) detected:v.发现;查明;侦察出;(detect的过去分词和过去式)
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| But how do we know that the user's video was a copy? |
但是我们是如何知道用户的视频是副本的呢？ |
| Well, it starts with content owners delivering assets into our database, along with a usage policy that tells us what to do when we find a match. |
它始于内容所有者 将资产交付到我们的数据库中, 一并随同的还有使用协定, 使用协定告诉我们当我们发现一个匹配时,我们该怎样做。 |
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assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数) usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
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| We compare each upload against all of the reference files in our database. |
我们将每一个上传的文件 同数据库中所有参考文件进行比对。 |
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compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用;
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| This heat map is going to show you how the brain of the system works. |
这张热图向你们展示了 这个系统的大脑是如何工作的。 |
| Here we can see the original reference file being compared to the user generated content. |
这里,我们看到原始的参考文件 正与用户生成的内容相比较。 |
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original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
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| The system compares every moment of one to the other to see if there's a match. |
系统将文件的每分每秒同另一个进行比对, 来决定两者是否匹配。 |
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compares:v.比较;对比;(compare的第三人称单数)
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| This means that we can identify a match even if the copy used is just a portion of the original file, plays it in slow motion and has degraded audio and video quality. |
这意味着我们能决定一个匹配, 即便副本仅使用了原文件的一部分, 用慢动作播放, 降低了音频和视频的质量。 |
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portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); slow motion:adj.缓慢的;慢动作的;高速度摄影的; degraded:adj.退化的; v.分解; (degrade的过去分词和过去式) audio:adj.声音的;录音的;
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| And we do this every time that a video is uploaded to YouTube. |
当一个视频被上传到Youtube上来, 我们每次都要进行比对。 |
| And that's over 20 hours of video every minute. |
每分钟比对超过20个小时的视频。 |
| When we find a match, we apply the policy that the rights owner has set down. |
当我们发现了一个匹配, 我们就应用版权所有者所制定的条例。 |
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apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
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| And the scale and the speed of this system is truly breathtaking . |
这个系统的规模和速度 着实惊人。 |
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scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; breathtaking:adj.惊险的;惊人的;激动人心的
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| We're not just talking about a few videos, we're talking about over 100 years of video every day, between new uploads and the legacy scans we regularly do across all of the content on the site. |
我们不是在说少量的视频。 我们说的是每天 处理长达一百多年的视频, 在新上传的视频和我们 定期将网站上所有内容进行的维护性扫描之间。 |
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uploads:vt.上传; legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; regularly:adv.经常地;有规律地;定期的
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| When we compare those hundred years of video, we're comparing it against millions of reference files in our database. |
当我们比对了那些长达百年的视频时, 我们将他们同我们数据库中 成百上千万的参考视频做对比。 |
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comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词)
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| It would be like 36,000 people staring at 36,000 monitors each and every day, without so much as a coffee break . |
这就好比36000个人 每人每天不停地盯着36000个显示器, 连喝咖啡的时间都没有。 |
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staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词) without so much as:甚至于不;连…都没有; coffee break:n.工间喝咖啡休息时间;
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| Now, what do we do when we find a match? |
那当我们找到一个匹配后,我们做些什么呢？ |
| Well, most rights owners, instead of blocking, will allow the copy to be published. |
大多数版权拥有者,不是禁止, 反而允许发行副本。 |
| And then they benefit through the exposure , advertising and linked sales. |
这样他们从曝光率, 广告和链接销售中获利。 |
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exposure:n.暴露;显露;揭露;面临; advertising:n.做广告;广告业;广告活动;v.做广告;(advertise的现在分词)
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| Remember Chris Brown's video "Forever"? |
记得克里斯 布朗的视频,“Forever 吗？ |
| Well, it had its day in the sun and then it dropped off the charts, and that looked like the end of the story, but sometime last year, a young couple got married. |
它经历了它的光辉岁月后就退出了排行榜。 看起来这就是故事的结局。 但去年的某个时候,一对年轻夫妇结婚了。 |
| This is their wedding video. |
这是他们的婚礼视频。 |
| You may have seen it. |
你可能看过了。 |
| (Music) |
(?音乐?) |
| What's amazing about this is, if the processional of the wedding was this much fun, can you imagine how much fun the reception must have been? |
这就是这个令人惊叹的地方 如果婚礼列队是这样的有趣, 你能想象接待处那里该会是多么的有趣吗？ |
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processional:adj.游行的;列队行进的;n.游行圣歌;
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| I mean, who are these people? |
我的意思是说,这些人是谁？ |
| I totally want to go to that wedding. |
我真是想参加那个婚礼。 |
| So their little wedding video went on to get over 40 million views. |
所以他们这个小小的婚礼视频 有超过4000万次的浏览。 |
| And instead of Sony blocking, they allowed the upload to occur . |
索尼公司没有禁止, 相反他们允许上传这个视频。 |
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occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
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| And they put advertising against it and linked from it to iTunes . |
他们打广告, 将它链接到iTunes中。 |
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iTunes:n.苹果公司最热门音乐软件(苹果公司开发的与iPod搭配的在电脑上使用的音乐播放器和音乐管理器);
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| And the song, 18 months old, went back to number four on the iTunes charts. |
这首歌,发行18个月后, 又重新回到了iTune榜单的第四名。 |
| So Sony is generating revenue from both of these. |
所以,索尼公司从两方面赚了钱。 |
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generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词) revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署;
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| And Jill and Kevin, the happy couple, they came back from their honeymoon and found that their video had gone crazy viral . |
吉尔和凯文,这对快乐的夫妇, 当他们从蜜月回来时 发现他们的视频已经在网络上疯传。 |
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honeymoon:n.蜜月;(新活动之初的)和谐时期;v.(去某处)度蜜月 viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的;
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| And they've ended up on a bunch of talk shows, and they've used it as an opportunity to make a difference . |
最后他们上了几个脱口秀。 他们将这个变成一个可以创造不同的机会。 |
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a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; make a difference:有影响,有关系;
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| The video's inspired over 26,000 dollars in donations to end domestic violence . |
这个视频激发了26000美元的捐赠 用于结束家庭暴力。 |
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inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) donations:n.捐赠物;捐赠;赠送;(donation的复数) domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
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| The "JK Wedding [Entrance] Dance" became so popular that NBC parodied it on the season finale of "The Office," |
“JK婚礼入场舞蹈”大受欢迎以至于 NBC在当季的”The Office 的结局中模仿它。 |
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parodied:n.拙劣的模仿;诙谐的改编诗文;vt.拙劣模仿; finale:n.结局;终曲;最后一场;最后乐章;尾声;
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| which just goes to show, it's truly an ecosystem of culture. |
这表明了 这是个真正的文化生态系统。 |
| Because it's not just amateurs borrowing from big studios , but sometimes big studios borrowing back. |
因为它不只是业余爱好者从大制片厂借点子, 而是大制片厂（从业余爱好者那里）借。 |
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amateurs:n.业余爱好者;业余运动员;生手;外行;(amateur的复数) studios:n.工作室(studio的复数);
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| By empowering choice, we can create a culture of opportunity. |
赋予选择以权利,我们能创造出一个富于机会的文化。 |
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empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
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| And all it took to change things around was to allow for choice through rights identification . |
改变周围的事情仅仅靠 允许通过版权鉴定的选择权。 |
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identification:n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明;
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| So why has no one ever solved this problem before? |
为什么以前从来没有人解决这个问题呢？ |
| It's because it's a big problem, and it's complicated and messy . |
因为这是一个大问题, 很复杂也很凌乱。 |
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complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) messy:adj.肮脏的;凌乱的;不整洁的;
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| It's not uncommon for a single video to have multiple rights owners. |
一个视频属于多个版权所有者的现象 一点也不稀奇。 |
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uncommon:adj.不寻常的;罕有的;adv.非常地; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
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| There's musical labels . |
还有音乐商标。 |
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labels:n.标签;分类(label的复数形式);v.贴标签于;把…称为(label的三单形式);
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| There's multiple music publishers . |
我们有多个音乐出版商。 |
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publishers:n.出版商,出版公司;出版社(publisher的复数);
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| And each of these can vary by country. |
每个都随国家的不同而改变。 |
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vary:vi.变化;变异;违反;vt.改变;使多样化;变奏;
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| There's lots of cases where we have more than one work mashed together. |
很多情况下 不止一个作品组成在一起。 |
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mashed:v.捣烂,捣碎(食物);(mash的过去分词和过去式)
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| So we have to manage many claims to the same video. |
所以我们需要应付针对同一个视频的 多种说法。 |
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claims:v.宣称; n.声明; (claim的第三人称单数和复数)
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| YouTube's Content ID system addresses all of these cases. |
Youtube内容识别系统解决了所有的这些情况。 |
| But the system only works through the participation of rights owners. |
但是系统仅仅适用于 参与了的版权所有者。 |
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participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
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| If you have content that others are uploading to YouTube, you should register in the Content ID system, and then you'll have the choice about how your content is used. |
如果你的内容被其他用户上传到Youtube, 你应该注册到内容识别系统中, 这样当属于你的内容被使用, 你有权作出选择。 |
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uploading:v.上载;上传;(upload的现在分词)
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| And think carefully about the policies that you attach to that content. |
要仔细想清楚附在内容中的条款。 |
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policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) attach:v.贴上;重视;把…固定,把…附(在…上);参加;与…有联系;
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| By simply blocking all reuse, you'll miss out on new art forms, new audiences, new distribution channels and new revenue streams. |
仅仅是禁止所有的重新使用, 你就失去了新的艺术形式, 新的观众, 新的分销渠道 和新的收入来源。 |
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distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
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| But it's not just about dollars and impressions . |
但这不仅仅是美元和大众印象。 |
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impressions:n.印象;观感;(impression的复数)
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| Just look at all the joy that was spread through progressive rights management and new technology . |
仅是看那些快乐, 通过进步的版权管理和新技术 所传播的快乐。 |
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progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| And I think we can all agree that joy is definitely an idea worth spreading. |
我认为我们都同意快乐绝对是一个值得传播的好点子。 |
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definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢大家。 |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌） |