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MargaretHeffernan_2015W-_这个应用程式知道你的感觉——从你的表情就知道了！_
An evolutionary biologist at Purdue University named William Muir studied chickens. 普渡大学有一位进化生物学家 名叫威廉·缪尔,他研究鸡。
evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的; biologist:n.生物学家; Purdue:n.普杜大学(美国一所大学);
He was interested in productivity -- 他对生产力非常有兴趣──
productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
I think it's something that concerns all of us -- but it's easy to measure in chickens because you just count the eggs. 我想这是大家都关心的问题── 但是要量鸡的生产力很容易,因为你只要算有多少蛋就好。
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式);
(Laughter) （笑声）
He wanted to know what could make his chickens more productive , so he devised a beautiful experiment. 他想知道要怎么做才能让他的鸡增进生产力, 所以他设计了一套很妙的实验。
productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的; devised:v.设计(devise的过去式和过去分词);计划;发明;
Chickens live in groups, so first of all , he selected just an average flock , and he let it alone for six generations. 鸡是群居的动物,所以首先他选了一群很普通的鸡, 任牠们自由生长、繁衍六代。
first of all:adv.首先; flock:v.聚集;群集;蜂拥;n.(羊或鸟)群;(尤指同类人的)一大群;
But then he created a second group of the individually most productive chickens -- you could call them superchickens -- and he put them together in a superflock, and each generation, he selected only the most productive for breeding . 但是之后他弄了第二群鸡, 由最有生产力的鸡只组成, 你可以叫牠们超级王牌鸡, 然后他把牠们组成超级王牌鸡群, 他在每一代中只选出最有生产力的继续繁殖。
individually:adv.个别地,单独地; breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生;v.生产;培育;使…繁殖;(breed的现在分词)
After six generations had passed, what did he find? 经过六代之后, 他发现了什么？
Well, the first group, the average group, was doing just fine. 第一群鸡,很普通的那群,表现良好。
They were all plump and fully feathered and egg production had increased dramatically . 牠们各个胖嘟嘟、羽毛丰盈, 蛋的产量大幅增加。
plump:vt.使丰满; v.沉重地; vi.变丰满; adj.圆胖的,丰满的; n.扑通声; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
What about the second group? 第二群鸡呢？
Well, all but three were dead. 只剩三只,其他都死了。
They'd pecked the rest to death. 这三只把其他的都啄死了。
pecked:v.啄;匆匆地轻吻(peck的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
The individually productive chickens had only achieved their success by suppressing the productivity of the rest. 生产力高的鸡只会成功只是因为 抑制其他鸡只的产能。
suppressing:adj.制止的;v.镇压;禁止(suppress的现在分词);
Now, as I've gone around the world talking about this and telling this story in all sorts of organizations and companies, people have seen the relevance almost instantly, and they come up and they say things to me like, "That superflock, that's my company." 在我环游世界演讲这个主题说这个故事的时候, 各种组织及公司的人 都能马上会意, 他们会走过来对我说: 「那群超级王牌鸡,我的公司就是那样。」
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; relevance:n.关联;适当;中肯;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Or, "That's my country." 或是,「我的国家就是那样。」
Or, "That's my life." 或是,「那就是我的人生写照。」
All my life I've been told that the way we have to get ahead is to compete : get into the right school, get into the right job, get to the top, and I've really never found it very inspiring . 我一生都听到有人说,如果我们要出人头地非得竞争: 去好学校,找好工作,晋升到顶端, 但我从来都不觉得这有什么启发性。
compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词)
I've started and run businesses because invention is a joy, and because working alongside brilliant, creative people is its own reward . 我开始开公司是因为发明是种喜悦, 而且与聪明、有创意的人一同工作 本身就是一种奖励。
creative:adj.创造性的; reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏;
And I've never really felt very motivated by pecking orders or by superchickens or by superstars . 我从不觉得论资排辈或超级王牌鸡 或超级明星员工制度能够激励我。
motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机; pecking:v.啄;鹐;匆匆地轻吻;(peck的现在分词) superstars:n.(影视界等的)超级明星;超星体;(superstar的复数)
But for the past 50 years, we've run most organizations and some societies along the superchicken model. 但是过去 50 年, 我们管理大部分的组织及某些社会 都是用这种超级王牌模式。
We've thought that success is achieved by picking the superstars, the brightest men, or occasionally women, in the room, and giving them all the resources and all the power. 我们都以为成功就是选出超级员工, 选出公司里最聪明的人,偶尔会是女性, 给他们所有的资源及权力。
occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
And the result has been just the same as in William Muir's experiment: aggression , dysfunction and waste. 但结果却和威廉·缪尔的实验一模一样: 侵略、无法发挥功效、浪费。
aggression:n.侵略;侵犯;攻击性;好斗情绪; dysfunction:n.功能紊乱;机能障碍;官能不良;vi.功能失调;出现机能障碍;垮掉;
If the only way the most productive can be successful is by suppressing the productivity of the rest, then we badly need to find a better way to work and a richer way to live. 如果最有生产力的人仅能以 压抑其他人的生产力来取得成功, 那我们真的迫切需要找到更好的工作方式, 及更好的生活方式。
(Applause) （掌声）
So what is it that makes some groups obviously more successful and more productive than others? 所以到底是什么让某些团体 显然比其他团体更成功、更有效率？
Well, that's the question a team at MIT took to research. 那正是麻省理工某个研究团体的主题。
They brought in hundreds of volunteers , they put them into groups, and they gave them very hard problems to solve. 他们找了数百位志愿者, 把他们分成几组,让他们解决非常难的问题。
volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数)
And what happened was exactly what you'd expect, that some groups were very much more successful than others, but what was really interesting was that the high-achieving groups were not those where they had one or two people with spectacularly high I.Q. 结果如你所料, 某些小组就是比其他小组更成功, 但是耐人寻味的是高成就小组 并不是小组里有一两位 超高智商的人,
high-achieving:adj.得高分的; spectacularly:adv.壮观地;引人注目地;
Nor were the most successful groups the ones that had the highest aggregate I.Q. 也不是总体智商 最高的小组。
aggregate:vi.集合; vt.集合; n.合计; adj.聚合的;
Instead, they had three characteristics , the really successful teams. 相反的,最成功的团队有三个特质。
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数)
First of all, they showed high degrees of social sensitivity to each other. 第一,他们对彼此显示出高程度的社会敏感性。
sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏;
This is measured by something called the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. 这是以眼神测验法测出。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
It's broadly considered a test for empathy , and the groups that scored highly on this did better. 它是广为接受的一种同理心测验, 这项测验得分高的小组 表现比较好。
broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地;
Secondly, the successful groups gave roughly equal time to each other, so that no one voice dominated , but neither were there any passengers. 第二,成功的小组里每个人都分到差不多的上场时间, 所以没有谁的声音比较大, 也没有不积极的成员。
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词)
And thirdly, the more successful groups had more women in them. 第三,愈成功的小组 女性成员愈多。
(Applause) （掌声）
Now, was this because women typically score more highly on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, so you're getting a doubling down on the empathy quotient ? 那么,难道这是因为女人通常 在眼神测验中得高分, 所以同情智商也得高分？
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; quotient:n.[数]商;系数;份额;
Or was it because they brought a more diverse perspective ? 或是因为她们看事情的角度更多变？
diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
We don't really know, but the striking thing about this experiment is that it showed what we know, which is some groups do better than others, but what's key to that is their social connectedness to each other. 我们真的不知道答案,但是这项实验惊人之处, 在于它证实了我们所知,即某些群体比其他群体表现更好, 但是要达到如此的关键 是他们彼此之间的社会联结。
connectedness:n.[数]连通性;
So how does this play out in the real world? 所以要怎么运用在现实生活中呢？
Well, it means that what happens between people really counts, because in groups that are highly attuned and sensitive to each other, ideas can flow and grow. 这意味着人与人之间的互动真的很重要, 因为在彼此间契合度及敏感度高的群组, 想法可以自由流动及发展,
attuned:adj.熟悉; v.使协调; (attune的过去分词和过去式) sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人;
People don't get stuck. They don't waste energy down dead ends. 大家不会卡住。他们不会在死角上浪费精力。
An example: Arup is one of the world's most successful engineering firms, and it was commissioned to build the equestrian center for the Beijing Olympics. 举例来说:英商奥雅纳是世界上数一数二的工程顾问公司, 它被委托建设马术中心 给北京奥运使用。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) commissioned:adj.受委任的;v.正式委托;任命…为军官;(commission的过去式和过去分词) equestrian:adj.马的;骑马的;骑术的;n.骑手;骑马者;
Now, this building had to receive two and a half thousand really highly strung thoroughbred horses that were coming off long-haul flights, highly jet-lagged , not feeling their finest. 这座建筑物必须能容纳及照顾 二千五百匹十分紧张的纯种马, 因为牠们历经长途飞行, 时差很严重,不在最佳状态。
highly strung:易激动的; thoroughbred:n.受过严格训练的人;良种动物;adj.良种的;受过严格训练的;优秀的; long-haul:adj.长途的;长运距的;长时间的; jet-lagged:adj.有时差现象的;飞机晚点的;
And the problem the engineer confronted was, what quantity of waste to cater for? 工程师面对的问题是, 要处理多少量的排泄物？
confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式) quantity:n.量;数量;大量;数额; cater:v.提供饮食,承办酒席;迎合;n.(骰子,纸牌的)四点;
Now, you don't get taught this in engineering school -- (Laughter) -- and it's not really the kind of thing you want to get wrong, so he could have spent months talking to vets , doing the research, tweaking the spreadsheet . 工学院不会教你这个,（笑声） 而你也绝不想搞砸这部分, 工程师大可花数个月与兽医讨论、做研究、 在试算表上东改西改。
vets:abbr.退伍军人(veteransadjustmentscale); tweaking:v.捏,扭,拧;对…稍作调整(tweak的现在分词); spreadsheet:n.电子制表软件;电子数据表;试算表;
Instead, he asked for help and he found someone who had designed the Jockey Club in New York. 然而,他却去找人幫忙, 他在纽约找到一位曾设计过北美马会的人。
Jockey:n.赛马骑师;v.运用手段谋取;
The problem was solved in less than a day. 这个问题不到一天的时间就解决了。
Arup believes that the culture of helpfulness is central to their success. 奥雅纳相信乐于助人的文化 是他们成功的核心。
Now, helpfulness sounds really anemic , but it's absolutely core to successful teams, and it routinely outperforms individual intelligence . 乐于助人听起来真的很没力, 但这绝对是团队成功的核心, 而且往往比个人智商还厉害。
anemic:adj.患贫血症的,贫血的; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; routinely:adv.例行公事地;老一套地; outperforms:vt.胜过;做得比…好; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
Helpfulness means I don't have to know everything, 乐于助人意味着我不需要全知全能,
I just have to work among people who are good at getting and giving help. 我只需要与很会求助及善于助人者一起工作就好。
At SAP , they reckon that you can answer any question in 17 minutes. 在德商 SAP,他们算出你可以在 17 分钟内回答任何问题。
SAP:n.[植]树液; vt.使衰竭,使伤元气; vi.挖坑道; reckon:v.认为;想;估计;计算;
But there isn't a single high-tech company I've worked with that imagines for a moment that this is a technology issue , because what drives helpfulness is people getting to know each other. 但是我合作过的高科技公司, 没有一家想过这是科技面的问题, 因为乐于助人的风气,在于大家彼此熟悉。
high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的;n.高科技; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
Now that sounds so obvious , and we think it'll just happen normally , but it doesn't. 这听起来很显而易见,我们都以为这会自然发生, 却并非如此。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
When I was running my first software company, 我开第一家软体公司的时候,
I realized that we were getting stuck. 我意识到我们卡住了。
There was a lot of friction , but not much else, and I gradually realized the brilliant, creative people that I'd hired didn't know each other. 公司里除了有很多摩擦,什么都没有。 我渐渐了解到我雇用这些既聪明又有创意的人 他们并不认识彼此。
friction:n.摩擦,[力]摩擦力; gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地;
They were so focused on their own individual work, they didn't even know who they were sitting next to, and it was only when I insisted that we stop working and invest time in getting to know each other that we achieved real momentum . 他们太专注于自己手上的工作, 以至于他们根本不知道隔壁桌坐的是谁, 直到我坚持我们一定要放下手边的工作、 花时间彼此瞭解认识后, 我们才产生真正的动力。
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力;
Now, that was 20 years ago, and now I visit companies that have banned coffee cups at desks because they want people to hang out around the coffee machines and talk to each other. 那是 20 年前的事了,我现在去几家公司拜访, 看到他们禁止在桌上摆咖啡杯, 因为他们想要大家聚在咖啡机旁混一混, 彼此聊聊天。
banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式)
The Swedes even have a special term for this. 瑞典人甚至还为此发明了一个名词。
Swedes:n.瑞典人(Swede的复数);
They call it fika, which means more than a coffee break . 他们说这叫啡咖,这不仅是指休息时间而已。
coffee break:n.工间喝咖啡休息时间;
It means collective restoration . 这还意味着集体复元。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; restoration:n.恢复;复位;王政复辟;归还;
At Idexx, a company up in Maine , they've created vegetable gardens on campus so that people from different parts of the business can work together and get to know the whole business that way. 爱德士这家位于缅因的公司, 在公司园区辟了几座菜园, 所以不同部门的人可以一起种菜, 藉由互相认识而对公司产生整体概念。
Maine:n.缅因州(美国州名); campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地;
Have they all gone mad? 他们都疯了吗？
Quite the opposite -- they've figured out that when the going gets tough, and it always will get tough if you're doing breakthrough work that really matters, what people need is social support, and they need to know who to ask for help. 恰恰相反。他们明白一个道理: 如果你的工作正面临重大突破, 情况总是很棘手, 大家需要的是社交支援, 而且他们必须知道可以向谁求助。
breakthrough:n.突破;开始取得成功之时;adj.突破性的;
Companies don't have ideas; only people do. 公司本身没有想法;员工才有。
And what motivates people are the bonds and loyalty and trust they develop between each other. 而能激励员工的 是彼此之间建立的关系、忠诚与信任。
motivates:v.促使;刺激;给与动机(motivate的三单形式); loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情;
What matters is the mortar , not just the bricks. 重要的是水泥, 而不只是砖头。
mortar:n.迫击炮;臼,研钵;灰浆;vt.用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥结合;
Now, when you put all of this together, what you get is something called social capital. 你把这些结合在一起, 就会得到所谓的社会资本。
Social capital is the reliance and interdependency that builds trust. 社会资本是建立信任所需的信赖及相互依赖。
reliance:n.信赖;信心;受信赖的人或物; interdependency:n.互相依赖;
The term comes from sociologists who were studying communities that proved particularly resilient in times of stress. 这个名词来自于一群社会学家, 他们研究在逆境下适应力特别好的社群。
sociologists:n.社会学家; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
Social capital is what gives companies momentum, and social capital is what makes companies robust . 社会资本赋予公司动力, 社会资本也让公司健全。
what gives:出了什么事; robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的;
What does this mean in practical terms? 这有什么实际意义呢？
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
It means that time is everything, because social capital compounds with time. 这意味着时间就是一切, 因为社会资本由时间建构。
compounds:n.混合物,化合物;大院(compound的复数形式);
So teams that work together longer get better, because it takes time to develop the trust you need for real candor and openness . 合作愈久的团队表现愈好,因为你需要花时间 才能建立信任感,而有坦率而开放的风气。
candor:n.坦白;直率; openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真;
And time is what builds value. 而且时间能够建立价值。
When Alex Pentland suggested to one company that they synchronize coffee breaks so that people would have time to talk to each other, profits went up 15 million dollars, and employee satisfaction went up 10 percent. 当麻省理工教授潘特兰建议一家公司 把员工的休息时间调整到同步, 让员工有时间彼此聊聊, 公司的利润增加了一千五百万美金, 员工满意度增加了 10%。
synchronize:vt.使…合拍;使…同步;vi.同步;同时发生; profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数) satisfaction:n.满意,满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪;
Not a bad return on social capital, which compounds even as you spend it. 以社会资本的角度看这样的投资报酬率还不错, 即使你花钱还能增值。
Now, this isn't about chumminess, and it's no charter for slackers , because people who work this way tend to be kind of scratchy , impatient , absolutely determined to think for themselves because that's what their contribution is. 这与友好无关,也不是给懒人豁免权, 因为以这种方式做事的人通常讲话很毒、 没耐心、完全只想到为自己打算, 因为那就是他们的贡献。
charter:n.章程; v.包租(飞机、船等); slackers:n.懒虫;混子;偷懒的人,逃避工作的人(slacker的复数形式); scratchy:adj.潦草的;刺痒的;草率的;发刮擦声的; impatient:adj.焦躁的;不耐心的; determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件;
Conflict is frequent because candor is safe. 冲突很正常,因为率直不会被暗算。
Conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处);
And that's how good ideas turn into great ideas, because no idea is born fully formed. 这就是好想法如何变成绝妙的想法, 因为没有什么想法从一开始就是完美的。
It emerges a little bit as a child is born, kind of messy and confused , but full of possibilities. 好点子冒出头来就像孩子出生, 有点混乱、有点迷惑,但是充满了机会。
emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露; messy:adj.肮脏的;凌乱的;不整洁的; confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
And it's only through the generous contribution, faith and challenge that they achieve their potential . 只有透过慷慨的贡献、信念及挑战, 他们才能发挥潜能。
generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
And that's what social capital supports. 而这就是社会资本所支持的。
Now, we aren't really used to talking about this, about talent, about creativity, in this way. 现在这真的已经是老生常谈, 用这种方式谈才能及创意。
We're used to talking about stars. 我们很习惯超级明星的说法。
So I started to wonder, well, if we start working this way, does that mean no more stars? 所以我想知道,如果我们以这种方式做事, 是否意味着超级明星就不复存在？
So I went and I sat in on the auditions at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. 所以我就去位于伦敦的皇家戏剧艺术学院, 坐在里面看他们的甄选会。
auditions:n.试演; v.试演; Royal Academy:n.(英国)皇家美术院(成员为著名艺术家,在伦敦设有艺术学校和展厅);
And what I saw there really surprised me, because the teachers weren't looking for individual pyrotechnics . 而我看到的让我非常吃惊, 因为老师不是在找魅力四射的个人。
pyrotechnics:n.烟火制造术;烟火使用;各种烟火;
They were looking for what happened between the students, because that's where the drama is. 他们在看学生之间的互动, 因为那才是演戏的真正所在。
And when I talked to producers of hit albums, they said, "Oh sure, we have lots of superstars in music. 而且当我与畅销专辑的制作人谈时, 他们说道:「喔当然,音乐界有很多超级巨星,
It's just, they don't last very long. 只是他们都红不久。
It's the outstanding collaborators who enjoy the long careers , because bringing out the best in others is how they found the best in themselves." 只有优秀的合作者才能享有长远的事業, 因为让别人有最好的表现是他们找出自己最佳状态的方法。」
outstanding:adj.优秀的;杰出的;出色的;v.突出;离港;向海上;停留(outstand的现在分词) collaborators:n.[劳经]合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数); careers:n.职业(career的复数);事业;职业生涯;v.全速前进(career的三单形式);
And when I went to visit companies that are renowned for their ingenuity and creativity, 我去拜访几间以独创性 及创意着称的公司时,
renowned:adj.著名的;闻名的;有名的;受尊敬的 ingenuity:n.心灵手巧,独创性;精巧;精巧的装置;
I couldn't even see any superstars, because everybody there really mattered. 我甚至看不到超级巨星, 因为那里的每一个人都很重要。
And when I reflected on my own career, and the extraordinary people I've had the privilege to work with, 我反思自己的事業, 及我有幸合作的那群卓越人才,
reflected:adj.反射的;得自他人的;v.反射;思考;(reflect的过去式和过去分词) extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
I realized how much more we could give each other if we just stopped trying to be superchickens. 我才明瞭我们可以贡献更多东西给彼此的方式很简单, 只要大家试着不当超级明星鸡就可以了。
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（掌声）
Once you appreciate truly how social work is, a lot of things have to change. 一旦你真正体会社交是什么, 很多事都要跟着改变。
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; social work:n.社会工作;
Management by talent contest has routinely pitted employees against each other. 才艺大赛的管理方法就是 一直让员工彼此挖陷阱竞争。
Management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; pitted:adj.表面有小点(或小洞)的; v.使…表面有斑点; (pit的过去分词和过去式)
Now, rivalry has to be replaced by social capital. 现在竞争必须以社会资本取代。
rivalry:n.竞争;对抗;竞赛;
For decades, we've tried to motivate people with money, even though we've got a vast amount of research that shows that money erodes social connectedness. 数十年来,我们试着以金钱激励人, 即使有大量的研究显示 金钱会侵蚀社会联结。
erodes:vt.腐蚀,侵蚀;vi.侵蚀;受腐蚀;
Now, we need to let people motivate each other. 现在我们必须让大家彼此激励。
And for years, we've thought that leaders were heroic soloists who were expected, all by themselves, to solve complex problems. 许多年来,我们以为领导者皆为单打独斗的英雄, 大家期待他们能自己解决复杂的问题。
heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为; soloists:n.独奏者;独唱者; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
Now, we need to redefine leadership as an activity in which conditions are created in which everyone can do their most courageous thinking together. 现在我们需要重新定义领导力 为一种行动,在其中创造条件, 让所有人都能一同实现最勇敢的思维。
redefine:vt.重新定义; courageous:adj.有胆量的,勇敢的;
We know that this works. 我们知道这种方法有用。
When the Montreal Protocol called for the phasing out of CFCs, the chlorofluorocarbons implicated in the hole in the ozone layer , the risks were immense . 当蒙特娄议定书要求大家逐步禁用 CFC, 即可能造成臭氧层破洞的氟氯碳化物时, 风险十分巨大。
Montreal:n.蒙特利尔(加拿大东南部港市); Protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定; phasing:n.定相;调整相位;v.使调整相位;分阶段进行;使同步(phase的ing形式); chlorofluorocarbons:n.[有化]含氯氟烃;氯氟化碳(chlorofluorocarbon的复数); implicated:adj.密切关联的; v.涉及(某人); (implicate的过去分词和过去式) ozone layer:n.臭氧层; immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的;
CFCs were everywhere, and nobody knew if a substitute could be found. 氟氯碳化物到处都是, 而且没有人知道是否能找到替代物。
substitute:v.取代;(以…)代替;n.代用品;代替物;代替者;替补(运动员);
But one team that rose to the challenge adopted three key principles . 但是有个团队勇敢面对挑战,采取了三个主要原则。
adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词); principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
The first was the head of engineering, Frank Maslen, said, there will be no stars in this team. 第一是工程部的主管,法兰克·梅斯兰说, 这个团队里不会有明星。
Frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄;
We need everybody. 我们需要每一个人。
Everybody has a valid perspective. 每一个人的观点都有用。
valid:adj.有效的;有根据的;合法的;正当的;
Second, we work to one standard only: the best imaginable . 第二,我们只有一项标准: 做到最好。
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; imaginable:adj.可能的;可想像的;
And third, he told his boss, Geoff Tudhope, that he had to butt out, because he knew how disruptive power can be. 第三,他告诉老板杰夫·塔德波, 他必须放手不管, 因为他知道老板的破坏力有多强。
butt:n.屁股;烟头;笑柄;靶垛;粗大的一端;v.以头抵撞;碰撞; disruptive:adj.破坏的;分裂性的;制造混乱的;
Now, this didn't mean Tudhope did nothing. 这不是说塔德波没做任何事。
He gave the team air cover , and he listened to ensure that they honored their principles. 他幫这个团队挡下压力, 而且他聆听,确保他们的确遵守原则。
air cover:n.空中掩护; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
And it worked: Ahead of all the other companies tackling this hard problem, this group cracked it first. 这个方法成功了:他们领先其他也在解决这个难题的公司, 这个团队最先找到答案。
tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词); cracked:adj.疯狂;破裂的;有裂纹的;v.破裂;裂开;断裂;(crack的过去分词和过去式)
And to date, the Montreal Protocol is the most successful international environmental agreement ever implemented . 至今,蒙特娄议定书 仍是过去曾签署实施的国际环境协定中
implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
There was a lot at stake then, and there's a lot at stake now, and we won't solve our problems if we expect it to be solved by a few supermen or superwomen. 过去有很多胜败关键, 现在也有很多胜败关键, 我们不可能解决问题,如果我们还在期待这些问题 只能由超人或超女来解决。
stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
Now we need everybody, because it is only when we accept that everybody has value that we will liberate the energy and imagination and momentum we need to create the best beyond measure. 现在我们需要每一个人, 因为只有当我们承认每一个人都有价值, 我们才能释放我们所需的能量、想像力及动力, 共同创造无可估量的最佳状态。
liberate:v.解放;使自由;使摆脱约束(或限制); imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）