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MarcoAnnunziata_2013S-_欢迎来到物联网时代_
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| Einstein said that "I never think about the future — it comes soon enough." |
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| And he was right, of course. |
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| So today, I'm here to ask you to think of how the future is happening now. |
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| Over the past 200 years, the world has experienced two major waves of innovation . |
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innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
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| First, the Industrial Revolution brought us machines and factories, railways, electricity , air travel, and our lives have never been the same. |
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Industrial Revolution:n.工业革命; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
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| Then the Internet revolution brought us computing power, data networks, unprecedented access to information and communication, and our lives have never been the same. |
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computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的;
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| Now we are experiencing another metamorphic change: the industrial Internet. |
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metamorphic:adj.变质的;变性的;变态的;
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| It brings together intelligent machines, advanced analytics , and the creativity of people at work. |
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intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) analytics:n.[化学][数]分析学;解析学;
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| It's the marriage of minds and machines. |
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| And our lives will never be the same. |
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| In my current role, I see up close how technology is beginning to transform industrial sectors that play a huge role in our economy and in our lives: energy, aviation , transportation , health care . |
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technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; aviation:n.航空;飞行术;飞机制造业; transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; health care:n.卫生保健;
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| For an economist, this is highly unusual, and it's extremely exciting, because this is a transformation as powerful as the Industrial Revolution and more, and before the Industrial Revolution, there was no economic growth to speak of. |
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highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
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| So what is this industrial Internet? |
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| Industrial machines are being equipped with a growing number of electronic sensors that allow them to see, hear, feel a lot more than ever before, generating prodigious amounts of data. |
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electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词) prodigious:adj.惊人的,异常的,奇妙的;巨大的;
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| Increasingly sophisticated analytics then sift through the data, providing insights that allow us to operate the machines in entirely new ways, a lot more efficiently . |
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Increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; sift:vt.筛选;撒;过滤;详查;vi.筛;详查;撒下;细究; insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数); efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式);
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| And not just individual machines, but fleets of locomotives , airplanes , entire systems like power grids , hospitals. |
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individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; fleets:n.[军]舰队(fleet的复数);v.掠过(fleet的第三人称单数形式); locomotives:n.[铁路]机车;[铁路]火车头(locomotive的复数); airplanes:n.(美)[航]飞机(airplane的复数); grids:n.[数]网格(grid的复数形式);栅格;
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| It is asset optimization and system optimization. |
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asset:n.资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件;财产;有价值的人或物; optimization:n.最佳化,最优化;
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| Of course, electronic sensors have been around for some time, but something has changed: a sharp decline in the cost of sensors and, thanks to advances in cloud computing, a rapid decrease in the cost of storing and processing data. |
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have been around:见识(很)多;世故(很)深;遍布全球;世故深;遍布各地; sharp:锋利的,尖的 decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置; processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词)
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| So we are moving to a world where the machines we work with are not just intelligent; they are brilliant. |
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| They are self-aware , they are predictive , reactive and social. |
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self-aware:adj.有自知之明的; predictive:adj.预言性的;成为前兆的; reactive:adj.反应的;电抗的;反动的;
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| It's jet engines, locomotives, gas turbines , medical devices , communicating seamlessly with each other and with us. |
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turbines:n.[动力]涡轮;[动力]涡轮机(turbine的复数);[动力]汽轮机; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); seamlessly:adv.无缝地;
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| It's a world where information itself becomes intelligent and comes to us automatically when we need it without having to look for it. |
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automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的;
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| We are beginning to deploy throughout the industrial system embedded virtualization, multi-core processor technology, advanced cloud-based communications, a new software-defined machine infrastructure which allows machine functionality to become virtualized in software, decoupling machine software from hardware , and allowing us to remotely and automatically monitor, manage and upgrade industrial assets . |
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deploy:v.部署;利用;[军事]展开;(使)张开; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); processor:n.[计]处理器;处理程序;加工者; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; functionality:n.功能;[数]泛函性,函数性; decoupling:n.去耦;v.去耦(decouple的现在分词); hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具; remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地; upgrade:v.使升级;提升;改良品种;n.升级;上升;上坡;adv.往上;adj.向上的; assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数)
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| Why does any of this matter at all? |
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| Well first of all , it's already allowing us to shift towards preventive , condition-based maintenance , which means fixing machines just before they break, without wasting time servicing them on a fixed schedule . |
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first of all:adv.首先; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; preventive:n.预防药;预防法;adj.预防的,防止的; maintenance:n.维护,维修;保持;生活费用; schedule:工作计划,日程安排
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| And this, in turn, is pushing us towards zero unplanned downtime , which means there will be no more power outages , no more flight delays. |
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unplanned:adj.意外的;在计划外的;未经筹划的; downtime:n.(工厂等由于检修,待料等的)停工期;[电子]故障停机时间; outages:n.储运损耗;中断供应;运行中断;
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| So let me give you a few examples of how these brilliant machines work, and some of the examples may seem trivial , some are clearly more profound , but all of them are going to have a very powerful impact . |
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trivial:adj.不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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| Let's start with aviation. |
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| Today, 10 percent of all flights cancellations and delays are due to unscheduled maintenance events. |
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cancellations:n.取消;删除; unscheduled:adj.事先未安排的;不按计划的;
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| Something goes wrong unexpectedly . |
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unexpectedly:adv.出乎意料地,意外地;
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| This results in eight billion dollars in costs for the airline industry globally every year, not to mention the impact on all of us: stress, inconvenience , missed meetings as we sit helplessly in an airport terminal . |
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airline:n.航空公司; not to mention:更不必说;不必提及; inconvenience:n.不便;麻烦;困难;带来不便者;;v.给(某人)造成不便(或带来麻烦); helplessly:adv.无助地;无能为力地; airport:n.机场;航空港; terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的;
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| So how can the industrial Internet help here? |
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| We've developed a preventive maintenance system which can be installed on any aircraft . |
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installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式) aircraft:n.飞机,航空器;
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| It's self-learning and able to predict issues that a human operator would miss. |
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issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) operator:n.算子;接线员;操作人员;骗子;
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| The aircraft, while in flight, will communicate with technicians on the ground. |
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technicians:n.[劳经]技术员(technician的复数);工作人员;
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| By the time it lands, they will already know if anything needs to be serviced. |
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| Just in the U.S., a system like this can prevent over 60,000 delays and cancellations every year, helping seven million passengers get to their destinations on time. |
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| Or take healthcare . |
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healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
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| Today, nurses spend an average of 21 minutes per shift looking for medical equipment. |
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| That seems trivial, but it's less time spent caring for patients . |
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patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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| St. Luke's Medical Center in Houston , Texas, which has deployed industrial Internet technology to electronically monitor and connect patients, staff and medical equipment, has reduced bed turnaround times by nearly one hour. |
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Houston:n.休斯顿(美国得克萨斯州港市); deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开; electronically:adv.电子地; turnaround:n.转变;转向;突然好转;回车道;
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| If you need surgery , one hour matters. |
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surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
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| It means more patients can be treated , more lives can be saved. |
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treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
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| Another medical center, in Washington state, is piloting an application that allows medical images from city scanners and MRIs to be analyzed in the cloud, developing better analytics at a lower cost. |
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application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) scanners:n.[电子]扫描器(scanner的复数); analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨;
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| Imagine a patient who has suffered a severe trauma , and needs the attention of several specialists: a neurologist , a cardiologist , an orthopedic surgeon . |
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severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤; neurologist:神经学家;神经科专门医师; cardiologist:n.心脏病学家;心脏病科医师; orthopedic:adj.整形外科的(等于orthopaedic); surgeon:n.外科医生;
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| If all of them can have instantaneous and simultaneous access to scans and images as they are taken, they will be able to deliver better healthcare faster. |
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instantaneous:adj.瞬间的;即时的;猝发的; simultaneous:adj.同时的;联立的;同时发生的;n.同时译员;
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| So all of this translates into better health outcomes , but it can also deliver substantial economic benefits. |
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outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) substantial:adj.大量的;实质的;内容充实的;n.本质;重要材料;
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| Just a one-percent reduction in existing inefficiencies could yield savings of over 60 billion dollars to the healthcare industry worldwide , and that is just a drop in the sea compared to what we need to do to make healthcare affordable on a sustainable basis. |
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reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; inefficiencies:无能; yield:n.产量;产出;利润;v.屈服;让步;放弃;提供; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数) worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) affordable:adj.负担得起的; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
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| Similar advances are happening in energy, including renewable energy. |
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renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
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| Wind farms equipped with new remote monitorings and diagnostics that allow wind turbines to talk to each other and adjust the pitch of their blades in a coordinated way, depending on how the wind is blowing, can now produce electricity at a cost of less than five cents per kilowatt/hour. |
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diagnostics:n.诊断学(用作单数); adjust:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯; pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇: blades:n.刀身;刀片;刀刃;叶片;桨叶;桨身;(blade的复数) coordinated:v.使协调;使相配合;搭配,协调;(coordinate的过去分词和过去式)
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| Ten years ago, that cost was 30 cents, six times as much. |
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| The list goes on, and it will grow fast, because industrial data are now growing exponentially . |
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exponentially:adv.以指数方式;
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| By 2020, they will account for over 50 percent of all digital information. |
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account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
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| But this is not just about data, so let me switch gears and tell you how this is impacting already the jobs we do every day, because this new wave of innovation is bringing about new tools and applications that will allow us to collaborate in a smarter and faster way, making our jobs not just more efficient but more rewarding . |
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gears:n.[机]齿轮,[机]传动装置(gear的复数形式); v.以齿轮连起,安排(gear的三单形式); impacting:[力]冲击;[力]撞击;[物]碰撞(impact的现在分词); collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌; rewarding:adj.有益的;值得做的;报酬高的;v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的现在分词)
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| Imagine a field engineer arriving at the wind farm with a handheld device telling her which turbines need servicing. |
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wind farm:n.风力发电场; handheld:adj.掌上型;手持型;
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| She already has all the spare parts, because the problems were diagnosed in advanced. |
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spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件; diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式)
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| And if she faces an unexpected issue, the same handheld device will allow her to communicate with colleagues at the service center, let them see what she sees, |
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colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
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| transmit data that they can run through diagnostics, and they can stream videos that will guide her, step by step , through whatever complex procedure is needed to get the machines back up and running. |
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transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染; run through:n.贯通;从头到尾读一遍;排练; step by step:adj.按部就班的; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; procedure:n.步骤;手术;(商业、法律或政治上的)程序;
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| And their interaction gets documented and stored in a searchable database. |
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interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; searchable:adj.可被搜查的;透过搜查能找到的;
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| Let's stop and think about this for a minute , because this is a very important point. |
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for a minute:一会儿;
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| This new wave of innovation is fundamentally changing the way we work. |
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fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
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| And I know that many of you will be concerned about the impact that innovation might have on jobs. |
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concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词)
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| Unemployment is already high, and there is always a fear that innovation will destroy jobs. |
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Unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数;
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| And innovation is disruptive . |
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disruptive:adj.破坏的;分裂性的;制造混乱的;
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| But let me stress two things here. |
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| First, we've already lived through mechanization of agriculture, automation of industry, and employment has gone up, because innovation is fundamentally about growth. |
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mechanization:n.机械化;机动化; automation:n.自动化;自动操作;
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| It makes products more affordable. |
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| It creates new demand, new jobs. |
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| Second, there is a concern that in the future, there will only be room for engineers, data scientists, and other highly-specialized workers. |
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| And believe me, as an economist, I am also scared. |
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| But think about it: |
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| Just as a child can easily figure out how to operate an iPad, so a new generation of mobile and intuitive industrial applications will make life easier for workers of all skill levels. |
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mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; intuitive:adj.直觉的;凭直觉获知的;
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| The worker of the future will be more like Iron Man than the Charlie Chaplin of "Modern Times." |
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Chaplin:n.卓别林(喜剧演员);
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| And to be sure , new high-skilled jobs will be created: mechanical digital engineers who understand both the machines and the data; managers who understand their industry and the analytics and can reorganize the business to take full advantage of the technology. |
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to be sure:诚然;的确;哎呀(表惊奇); mechanical:adj.机械的;力学的;呆板的;无意识的;手工操作的; reorganize:v.重新组织;改组;整顿; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点:
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| But now let's take a step back. |
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| Let's look at the big picture. |
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| There are people who argue that today's innovation is all about social media and silly games, with nowhere near the transformational power of the Industrial Revolution. |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的; transformational:adj.转换的;改变的;转换生成的;
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| They say that all the growth-enhancing innovations are behind us. |
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innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革;
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| And every time I hear this, I can't help thinking that even back in the Stone Age , there must have been a group of cavemen sitting around a fire one day looking very grumpy , |
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Stone Age:n.石器时代; cavemen:n.(史)原始人;穴居人;(caveman的复数) grumpy:adj.脾气暴躁的;性情乖戾的;n.脾气坏的人;爱抱怨的人;
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| and looking disapprovingly at another group of cavemen rolling a stone wheel up and down a hill, and saying to each other, "Yeah, this wheel thing, cool toy, sure, but compared to fire, it will have no impact. |
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disapprovingly:adv.不以为然地;非难地;不赞成地; wheel:车轮,转动
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| The big discoveries are all behind us." |
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| (Laughter) |
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| This technological revolution is as inspiring and transformational as anything we have ever seen. |
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technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词)
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| Human creativity and innovation have always propelled us forward. |
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propelled:adj.推进的;v.推动;驱使(propel的过去分词);
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| They've created jobs. |
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| They've raised living standards . |
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standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
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| They've made our lives healthier and more rewarding. |
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| And the new wave of innovation which is beginning to sweep through industry is no different. |
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| In the U.S. alone, the industrial Internet could raise average income by 25 to 40 percent over the next 15 years, boosting growth to rates we haven't seen in a long time, and adding between 10 and 15 trillion dollars to global GDP. |
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boosting:n.助推,局部通风;升压加力;v.推进(boost的现在分词形式); trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
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| That is the size of the entire U.S. economy today. |
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| But this is not a foregone conclusion . |
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foregone conclusion:注定的结果,不可避免的结果;
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| We are just at the beginning of this transformation, and there will be barriers to break, obstacles to overcome . |
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at the beginning of:在…的开始; barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式); obstacles:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;(obstacle的复数形式) overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
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| We will need to invest in the new technologies . |
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invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
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| We will need to adapt organizations and managerial practices. |
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adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; managerial:adj.经理的;管理的;
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| We will need a robust cybersecurity approach that protects sensitive information and intellectual property and safeguards critical infrastructure from cyberattacks. |
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robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的; cybersecurity:网络安全;网络空间安全; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; intellectual property:知识产权; safeguards:n.保障措施; v.[安全]保护; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
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| And the education system will need to evolve to ensure students are equipped with the right skills. |
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evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
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| It's not going to be easy, but it is going to be worth it. |
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| The economic challenges facing us are hard, but when I walk the factory floor , and I see how humans and brilliant machines are becoming interconnected , and I see the difference this makes in a hospital, in an airport, |
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factory floor:n.厂房;车间; interconnected:adj.连通的;有联系的;v.互相连接(interconnect的过去式);
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| in a power generation plant, I'm not just optimistic , |
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optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的;
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| I'm enthusiastic . |
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enthusiastic:adj.热情的;热心的;狂热的;
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| This new technological revolution is upon us. |
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| So think about the future — it will be here soon enough. |
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| Thank you. |
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| (Applause) |
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