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MarahJHardt_2019X-_我们正在干扰鱼类奇怪的性生活吗？_-
Right now, beneath a shimmering blue sea, millions of fish are having sex. 此时此刻, 在波光粼粼的蓝色海面下, 成千上万的鱼儿正在交配。
beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方; shimmering:adj.闪烁的;微微发亮的;v.闪耀(shimmer进行式);
(Cheers) （欢呼）
And the way they're doing it and strategies they're using looks nothing like what we see on land. 而它们交配的方式和策略 跟我们在陆地上看到的完全不同。
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
Take parrotfish . 就拿鹦嘴鱼来说,
parrotfish:n.隆头鱼;鹦嘴鱼;
In this species , all fish are born female , and they look like this. 这种鱼刚孵化出来时全都是雌性, 它们看起来长这样。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
Then later in life, she can transition into a male and she'll look like this. 而长大点后, 她能变成雄性,并且长成这样。
transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
But it's not just a spectacular wardrobe change. 但她不仅仅是在外观上改头换面。
spectacular:adj.壮观的;壮丽的;令人惊叹的;n.壮观的场面;精彩的表演; wardrobe:n.衣柜;衣橱;(英国)放置衣物的壁橱;(一个人的)全部衣物;
Her body can reabsorb her ovaries and grow testes in their place. 她的身体能重新吸收自己的卵巢, 并且在同样的地方长出睾丸。
reabsorb:vi.再吸附;重吸收; ovaries:n.[解剖]卵巢,[植]子房(ovary复数形式); testes:n.睾丸(testis的复数);
In just a few weeks, she'll go from making eggs to producing sperm . 几周之后, 她就从产卵变成了射精。
sperm:n.精子;精液;鲸蜡油;
It's pretty impressive , and in the ocean it's also pretty common. 这种行为令人印象非常深刻, 但在大海中却也非常常见。
impressive:adj.感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的;
In fact, I bet nearly all of you have at some point had a seafood dish made up of an individual that started life as one sex and transitioned to another. 事实上,我敢说几乎你们所有人 都或多或少曾经吃过某种 生下来是一种性别, 后来又变成另一性别的海鲜。
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; seafood:n.海鲜;海味;海产食品; made up of:由…组成,由…构成; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; transitioned:v.过渡;转变;变迁;(transition的过去式和过去分词)
Oysters ? 牡蛎？
Oysters:n.牡蛎:生蚝:
Grouper ? 石斑鱼？
Grouper:n.石斑鱼;鲶科鱼;鲈科之鱼;
Shrimp ? 虾？
Shrimp:n.虾;小虾;矮小的人;vi.捕虾;adj.有虾的;虾制的;
Seeing some heads nodding, yeah. 看到一些人在点头,是吧。
But not all fish that change sex start as females. 但不是所有会变性的鱼类 一孵化出来就都是雌性。
Those clown fish we know from "Finding Nemo "? 比如说《海底总动员》里的小丑鱼？
clown:n.丑角;小丑;笨蛋;vi.(尤指为逗人笑而故意)作出蠢相; Nemo:n.现场转播节目;
They're all born male. 它们一孵化出来就全是雄性。
So in the real world, when Nemo's mother died, 所以在真实的世界里, 当尼莫的妈妈死去后,
Nemo's dad Marlin would have transitioned into Marlene -- 尼莫的爸爸马林会变成玛琳——
Marlin:n.枪鱼,青枪鱼;四鳃旗鱼;
(Laughter) （笑声）
and Nemo would have likely mated with his father turned mother. 而尼莫则很有可能会与 变成了妈妈的爸爸交配。
mated:成双的;成对的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
You can see -- 你可以看到——
(Laughter) （笑声）
Yeah. 是的。
You can see why Pixar took a little creative license with the plotline , right? 你可以看到为什么皮克斯动画 在主要情节上做了些创意突破,是吧？
Pixar:n.皮克斯;皮克斯动画工作室; creative:adj.创造性的; license:v.许可;批准; plotline:un.地基界线;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So sex change in the ocean can happen in either direction and sometimes even back and forth , and that's just one of the many amazing strategies animals use to reproduce in the ocean. 因此大海中的性别转换是双向的, 有时甚至是反反复复的, 而这只是海洋中的动物用于繁殖的 众多策略之一。
sex change:n.变性手术; back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的; reproduce:v.繁殖;复制;再现;生育;
And trust me when I say it's one of the least surprising. 并且请相信我,这还只是它们 最不令人惊讶的行为之一。
Sex in the sea is fascinating , and it's also really important, and not just to nerdy marine biologists like me who are obsessed with understanding these salty affairs. 海中的性事是非常有趣的, 并且也很重要, 这不仅是对像我这样痴迷于 了解这些闲事的海洋生物学家而言,
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) nerdy:adj.书呆子式的;n.令人厌烦的人; marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数); obsessed:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;(obsess的过去式和过去分词)
It matters for all of us. 而且事关我们所有人。
Today, we depend on wild caught fish to help feed over two billion people on the planet. 今天,我们要依赖捕捉野生鱼类 来养活这个星球上 超过 20 亿的人类。
We need millions of oysters and corals to build the giant reefs that protect our shorelines from rising seas and storms. 我们需要数以百万计的牡蛎和珊瑚 来建造出保护我们的海岸线 不受上升的海洋和风暴侵袭的礁体。
corals:n.[无脊椎]珊瑚(coral的复数); giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 reefs:n.礁石(reef的复数形式); v.收帆; shorelines:n.海岸线;海岸线地带;
We depend on medicines that are found in marine animals to fight cancer and other diseases . 我们依赖从海洋动物中发现的药物 来治疗癌症和其它疾病。
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
And for many of us, the diversity and beauty of the oceans is where we turn for recreation and relaxation and our cultural heritage . 对我们许多人来说, 海洋的多样性和美丽使我们得以休闲 和放松,它还是我们的文化遗产。
diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: recreation:n.娱乐;消遣;娱乐活动;游戏; relaxation:n.放松;缓和;消遣; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权;
In order for us to continue to benefit from the abundance that ocean life provides, the fish and coral and shrimp of today have to be able to make fish and shrimp and coral for tomorrow. 为了能让我们继续从海洋生物 所提供的多样性中获利, 必须要让今天的鱼类、珊瑚和虾 在明天还能产出鱼类、珊瑚和虾。
abundance:n.丰度;丰富;大量;富足;
To do that, they have to have lots and lots of sex. 为此,它们需要不停的交配。
And until recently , we really didn't know how sex happened in the sea. 而直到不久之前, 我们都还不知道 大海中的交配是如何发生的,
recently:adv.最近;新近;
It's pretty hard to study. 因为很难去研究它。
But thanks to new science and technology , we now know so much more than even just a few years ago, and these new discoveries are showing two things. 但是受益于新的科学技术, 我们知道的已经比几年前多得多了, 这些新的发现,表明了两件事。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
First, sex in the sea is really funky . 首先,海洋中的交配真的很特别。
funky:adj.时髦的;畏缩的;恶臭的;
Second, our actions are wreaking havoc on the sex lives of everything from shrimp to salmon . 其次,我们的活动正在对 从虾类到鲑鱼一切海洋动物的交配 造成重大破坏。
wreaking:v.造成(巨大的破坏或伤害);(wreak的现在分词) havoc:n.大破坏;浩劫;蹂躏;v.严重破坏;损毁; salmon:n.鲑鱼;大马哈鱼;鲑肉色;鲑鱼肉;橙红色,粉橙色;adj.浅澄色的;
I know. It can be hard to believe. 我知道,这可能令人难以置信。
So today, I'm going to share a few details about how animals do it in the deep, how we may be interrupting these intimate affairs and what we can do to change that. 所以今天,我将分享一些它们 在深海中如何交配的细节, 以及我们会如何干扰到这些亲密行为 并如何去做出改变。
interrupting:v.插嘴;打扰;打岔;使暂停;使中断;阻断,遮挡;(interrupt的现在分词) intimate:n.知己; v.暗示; adj.亲密的;
So, remember those sex-changing fish? 那么,还记得那些变性鱼吗？
In many places in the world, we have fishing rules that set a minimum catch size. 在这个世界上的很多地方, 都有设定了最小捕捞 尺寸的捕鱼规则。
minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的;
Fishers are not allowed to target tiny fish. 渔民不允许捕捞小鱼。
Fishers:渔夫;渔船;食鱼貂(fisher的复数形式);
This allows baby fish to grow and reproduce before they're caught. 这可以让小鱼在被捕捞前 长大并进行繁殖。
That's a good thing. 这是一件好事。
So fishers go after the biggest fish. 因此渔民会捕捞最大的鱼。
But in parrotfish, for example, or any sex changer , targeting the biggest fish means that they're taking out all the males. 但举例来说,对于鹦嘴鱼 或任何会有性别转变的鱼, 捕捞最大的鱼意味着 他们会捞走所有的雄性。
changer:n.转换开关装置;改变者(change的名词形式);
That makes it hard for a female fish to find a mate or it forces her to change sex sooner at a smaller size. 这就使得雌鱼很难 找到交配对象 或者会迫使她在长到更小的尺寸时 就会变性。
Both of these things can result in fewer fish babies in the future. 这两点都会使得未来的 鱼宝宝变得更少。
In order for us to properly care for these species, we have to know if they change sex, how and when. 为了让我们恰当地照顾这些物种, 我们必须知道它们是否变性, 如何变以及何时变。
Only then can we create rules that can support these sexual strategies, such as setting a maximum size limit in addition to a minimum one. 只有这样我们才能制定出 支持这些交配策略的规则, 比如除了设定最小捕捞尺寸以外, 再设定一个最大捕捞尺寸。
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; maximum:n.最大限度;最大量;最高限度;adj.最高的;最多的;最大极限的; in addition to:除…之外;
The challenge isn't that we can't think of these sex-friendly solutions. 但问题不在于我们想不出 这些有利于交配的解决方案。
The challenge is knowing which solutions to apply to which species, because even animals we know really well surprise us when it comes to their sex lives. 问题是如何确定 每个物种所对应的方案, 因为即便是那些我们非常熟悉的动物, 它们的交配方式都会令我们大吃一惊。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
Take Maine lobster . 就拿缅因龙虾来说。
Maine:n.缅因州(美国州名); lobster:n.龙虾;(供食用的)龙虾肉;
They don't look that romantic , or that kinky . 它们看起来不那么浪漫, 或古怪。
romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人; kinky:adj.奇形怪状的,怪癖的;稍微变态的;扭结的,古怪的;
They are both. 它们是两者相结合。
(Laughter) （笑声）
During mating season, female lobsters want to mate with the biggest, baddest males, but these guys are really aggressive , and they'll attack any lobster that approaches , male or female. 在交配季节 雌虾想要跟最大、最坏的雄虾交配, 但是这些雄虾有很强的攻击性, 它们会攻击任接近的龙虾, 不管是雄虾还是雌虾。
mating:n.交尾;交配;v.交配;交尾;使交配;(mate的现在分词) lobsters:n.龙虾;(供食用的)龙虾肉;(lobster的复数) baddest:adj.最坏的; aggressive:adj.侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的; approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度;
Meanwhile , the best time for her to mate with the male is right after she's molted , when she's lost her hard shell . 同时,雌虾的最佳交配时间 恰好是在她脱壳之后, 此时她失去了坚硬的外壳。
Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; molted:vi.脱毛;换毛;n.换毛;脱皮;换毛期;vt.脱毛;换毛; shell:n.壳;炮弹;壳层;骨架;v.脱壳;剥壳;采集贝壳;用壳体包被;short.shewill;
So she has to approach this aggressive guy in her most vulnerable state. 因此她必须在她最脆弱的时候 去接近极具攻击性的雄虾。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
What's a girl to do? 女孩在这时会怎么做呢？
Her answer? 她的答案是？
Spray him in the face repeatedly with her urine . 反复地尿他一脸。
Spray:n.喷雾; v.喷; repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地; urine:n.尿;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Under the sea, pee is a very powerful love potion . 在大海里,尿液是 一剂强大的爱情魔药。
pee:n.小便;撒尿;v.撒尿; potion:n.一剂;一服;饮剂;
Conveniently , lobsters' bladders sit just above their brains, and they have two nozzles under their eye stalks with which they can shoot their urine forward. 非常方便的一点是 龙虾的膀胱就在大脑上, 并且在它们的眼柄下有两个喷嘴, 使它们可以将尿喷向前方。
Conveniently:adv.便利地;合宜地; bladders:n.膀胱;皮囊,气囊(如球胆);(bladder的复数) nozzles:n.[航][机]喷嘴;接管(nozzle的复数); stalks:n.茎秆(stalk的复数形式); v.悄悄接近;
So the female approaches the male's den and as he charges out she lets loose a stream of urine and then gets the hell out of there. 雌虾来到雄虾的窝边, 当雄虾冲出来时, 她喷出一股尿流, 然后离开这个倒霉的地方。
loose:adj.宽松的; v.释放; v.松散地; n.放纵;
Only a few days of this daily dosing is all it takes for her scent to have a transformative effect. 她就是通过在短短几天之内 重复这一行动,使她的气味 产生一个变化性的效果。
dosing:n.定量给料,配量;精密分注; scent:n.香味;香水;气息;察觉;v.嗅出;闻到;觉察出;预感到; transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的;
The male turns from an aggressive to a gentle lover . 雄虾从具有攻击性 变成一个温柔的爱人。
lover:n.爱好者;情侣;热爱者;
By the week's end, he invites her into his den. 一周后,他邀请她进到窝里,
After that, the sex is easy. 然后,交配就很容易发生了。
So how are we interrupting this kind of kinky courtship ? 那么我们是如何打扰到 这种古怪的求爱行为的？
courtship:n.求爱;求婚;求爱期;
Well, the female's urine carries a critical chemical signal that works because it can pass through seawater and lobsters have a smell receptor that can detect and receive the message. 雌虾的尿液携带一种关键的化学信号, 它能通过海水传递, 而龙虾都有一个嗅觉感受器, 可以发现和接受这些信息。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; pass through:穿过;经历;经验;遭受; seawater:n.海水; receptor:n.[生化]受体;接受器;感觉器官; detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测;
Climate change is making our oceans more acidic . 气候变化使得海水的酸性更强,
acidic:adj.酸的,酸性的;产生酸的;
It's the result of too much carbon dioxide entering seawater. 这是海水中溶入太多二氧化碳的结果。
carbon dioxide:二氧化碳;
This changing chemistry could scramble that message, or it could damage the lobsters' smell receptors . 这种变化的化学环境会扰乱信息, 或者破坏龙虾的嗅觉感受器。
scramble:vt.攀登; n.抢夺,争夺; vi.爬行,攀登; receptors:n.[生化]受体;接受器;神经末梢(receptor的复数);
Pollution from land can have similar impacts . 来自陆地的污染也会产生相似的影响。
impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
Just imagine the consequence for that female if her love potion should fail. 想像一下如果雌虾的爱情魔药失灵, 会对她产生什么样的后果。
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论;
These are the kinds of subtle but significant impacts we're having on the love lives of these marine life. 这些都是我们对海洋生物的爱情生活 所产生的微妙, 但非常重要的影响。
subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
And this is a species we know well: lobsters live near shore in the shallows. 而这还是一种我们非常熟悉的物种: 龙虾生活在邻近海岸的浅滩。
Dive deeper, and sex gets even stranger. 海洋更深处, 动物的交配甚至会更奇怪。
Fanfin anglerfish live at about 3,000 feet below the surface in the pitch-black waters, and the males are born without the ability to feed themselves. 大洋长鳍角生活在海面下 3000 英尺 漆黑一片的水域, 它们中的雄性 生来就无法自己养活自己。
anglerfish:n.华脐鱼;[鱼]琵琶鱼; pitch-black:adj.漆黑的;墨黑的;极黑的;
To survive, he has to find a female fast. 为了生存,他必须迅速找到一只雌鱼。
Meanwhile, the female, who is 10 times bigger than the male, 10 times, she lets out a very strong pheromone with which to attract mates to her. 同时,雌鱼 要比雄鱼大 10 倍, 10 倍, 她释放出非常强烈的信息素 去吸引交配对象。
pheromone:n.信息素(用于生化领域);费洛蒙(昆虫分泌以刺激同种昆虫之化合物质); mates:n.朋友; v.交配;
So this tiny male is swimming through the black waters smelling his way to a female, and when he finds her, he gives her a love bite . 这条小小的雄鱼游过漆黑一片的水域 寻着气味找到通向雌鱼的路, 当他找到她时, 他会给她来一个爱情之咬。
love bite:n.吻痕;
And this is when things get really weird . 此后,事情就变得不可思议了。
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
That love bite triggers a chemical reaction whereby his jawbone starts to disintegrate . 他的爱情之咬会引发一个化学反应, 他的颚骨开始碎裂。
triggers:n.[电子]触发器;触发物(trigger的复数);v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用; whereby:adv.凭借;通过…;借以;与…一致; jawbone:n.颚骨;信用;下颚骨;vt.赊买;vi.赊买; disintegrate:vt.使分解;使碎裂;使崩溃;使衰变;vi.瓦解;碎裂;衰变;
His face melts into her flesh , and their two bodies start to fuse . 他的面部融进她的身体, 他俩的身体开始进行融合。
melts:n.[冶]熔体(melt的复数);v.熔化(melt的第三人称单数形式); flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖; fuse:n.保险丝;导火线;v.(使)融合,熔断;熔接;
Their circulatory systems intwine, and all his internal organs start to dissolve except for his testes. 他们的循环系统缠烧在一起, 他所有的内脏开始溶解, 除了睾丸。
circulatory:adj.循环的; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数); dissolve:v.溶;使(固体)溶解;解除;终止;解散;消除;n.(电影、电视等画面的)渐隐
(Laughter) （笑声）
His testes mature just fine and start producing sperm. 他的睾丸刚好成熟并开始产生精子。
mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的;
In the end, he's basically a permanently attached on-demand sperm factory for the female. 最终他基本上成了永久附属于雌鱼的 按需生产的精子工厂。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; permanently:adv.永久地,长期不变地; attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's a very efficient system, but this is not the kind of mating strategy that we see on a farm, right? 这是一个非常高效的系统, 但不是那种我们在农场能够见到的 交配策略,是吗？
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
I mean, this is weird. 我是说,这很不可思议。
It's really strange. 真的非常奇怪。
But if we don't know that these kinds of strategies exist or how they work, we can't know what kind of impacts we may be having, even in the deep sea. 但是如果我们不知道这些策略的存在 或者它们是如何运行的, 我们就无法了解我们的活动会带来 什么影响,即便它们是在深海中。
Just three years ago, we discovered a new species of deep sea octopus where the females lay their eggs on sponges attached to rocks that are over two and a half miles deep. 就在三年前, 我们发现了一种新的深海八爪鱼, 它们中的雌性将卵产在 附着在 2.5 英里深处的 岩石上的海绵动物身上。
octopus:n.章鱼; sponges:n.[无脊椎]海绵(sponge的复数形式); v.用海绵擦拭,吸收掉,抹掉(sponge的第三人称单数形式);
These rocks contain rare earth minerals , and right now there are companies that are building bulldozers that would be capable of mining the deep sea floor for those rocks. 这些岩石中含有稀土矿物, 如今有些公司正在建造推土机 用于在深海中开采这些岩石。
minerals:n.矿物;矿产,矿产品(mineral的复数);矿物质; bulldozers:n.[机]推土机(bulldozer的复数形式); capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
But the bulldozers would scrape up all the sponges and all the eggs with them. 但是这些推土机会把所有 附着在上面的海绵动物刮下来, 并会殃及到上面的卵。
scrape:v.刮掉;削去;擦坏;擦伤;刮坏;n.擦伤;刮擦声;擦痕;
Knowingly, and in many cases unknowingly , we are preventing successful sex and reproduction in the deep. 我们正在有意或者无意地 阻止深海中的成功交配和繁殖。
unknowingly:adv.不知不觉地; reproduction:n.繁殖,生殖;复制;复制品;
And let's be honest, dating and mating is hard enough without somebody coming in and interrupting all the time, right? 老实说, 即便全程都没有第三者出现和打扰, 相遇和交配都已经很艰难了,对吧？
I mean, we know this. 我想说,我们都懂。
So today, while I hope you will leave here with some excellent bar trivia on fish sex -- 所以今天我希望你们能带着一些 关于鱼类交配的美妙的冷知识回去。
trivia:n.琐事;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I also ask that you remember this: we are all far more intimately connected with the oceans than we realize, no matter where we live. 我还想请你们记住: 我们跟大海的联系远比 自己所意识到的要亲密得多, 不管我们是住在哪。
intimately:adv.熟悉地;亲切地;私下地;
And this level of intimacy requires a new kind of relationship with the ocean, one that recognizes and respects the enormous diversity of life and its limitations . 而这种级别的亲密 要求我们跟海洋建立一种新型关系, 它承认并尊重生命的巨大多样性 和局限性。
intimacy:n.亲密;密切;关系密切;性行为; recognizes:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的第三人称单数) enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; limitations:n.局限性;(限制)因素;边界(limitation的复数形式);
We can no longer think of the oceans as just something out there, because every day we depend on them for our food security, our own health and wellness , and every other breath we take. 我们不能再认为海洋 只是一个可有可无的存在, 因为我们每天都要依赖它 来保障我们的食品安全, 我们的健康 和我们的呼吸。
wellness:n.健康;
But it is a two-way relationship, and the oceans can only continue to provide for us if we in turn safeguard that fundamental force of life in the sea: sex and reproduction. 但它是一个双向的关系, 如果想要海洋为我们持续提供利益, 我们就必须保护好 海洋生物的基础力量: 交配和繁殖。
two-way:adj.双向的;相互的;两路的; provide for:供养,供给;规定;为…作准备; safeguard:n.[安全]保护;保卫;保护措施;vt.[安全]保护,护卫; fundamental force:n.基本力(宇宙万物所具有的特性,包括引力和电磁力等四种);
So, like any relationship, we have to embrace some change for the partnership to work. 因此,就像任何关系一样, 我们也必须拥抱一些改变 以便这种关系能顺利运行。
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约;
The next time you're thinking about having seafood, look for sustainably caught or farmed species that are local and low on the food chain . 下次你再想要吃海鲜的时候, 就选那些能可持续捕捞的 或者由人工养殖的种类, 这些都是本地物种, 并处于食物链底端。
sustainably:adv.支撑得住;能保持住地; food chain:n.食物链;
These are animals like oysters, clams , mussels , small fish like mackerel . 像牡蛎、蛤蚌、贻贝这些贝类, 以及马交鱼这样的小鱼。
clams:n.蛤蚌;沉默寡言的人(clam的复数形式); mussels:n.[无脊椎]贻贝(mussel的复数);[水产]淡菜;双壳类; mackerel:n.鲭(产于北大西洋);马鲛鱼;
These all reproduce like crazy , and with good management , they can handle a bit of fishing pressure. 它们都能疯狂的繁殖, 如果管理得好, 它们能够顶住一些捕捞压力。
like crazy:拼命地;发疯似的; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;
We can also rethink what we use to wash our bodies, clean our homes and care for our lawns . 我们也要重新考虑一下用来洗澡、 清理屋子、 以及除草的用品。
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法; lawns:n.[建]草地(lawn的复数形式); v.将地修改成草坪(lawn的第三人称单数);
All of those chemicals eventually wash out to sea and disrupt the natural chemistry of the ocean. 所有这些化学物质都会冲入大海, 并且会破坏海洋中的天然 化学环境。
chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) eventually:adv.最后,终于; disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱;adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的;
Industry also has to play its part and take a precautionary approach, protecting sexual activity where we know it exists and preventing harm in the cases where we just don't yet know enough, like the deep sea. 而工业领域也需要参与其中 并且采取预防性措施, 去保护那些我们已知的交配活动, 对于我们了解有限之处, 像是藏在深海的活动, 则要避免造成侵害。
precautionary:adj.预防的;留心的;预先警戒的;
And in the communities where we live, the places we work and the country in which we vote, we must take bold action on climate change now. 在我们居住的小区、 我们工作的场所, 以及我们拥有投票权的国家, 我们都必须从现在开始 针对气候变化采取大胆的行动。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的;
(Audience: Yeah!) （观众:耶！）
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）