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MaraMintzer_2017X-_孩子们如何帮助设计城市_
Our society routinely makes decisions without consulting a quarter of the population. 我们的社会常常 在忽略1/4人口的情况下 擅自做决定。
routinely:adv.例行公事地;老一套地; consulting:adj.咨询的,商议的;v.咨询,请教;商议;(consult的现在分词形式)
We're making choices about land use, energy production and natural resources without the ideas and experiences of the full community . 我们决定土地的使用权、 能源生产以及自然资源, 却不考虑所有群体的想法和体验。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
The car, an inanimate object, has more say over public policy than this group of citizens. 像汽车这种无生命的物体, 在公共政策决定上 都比这群公民更有发言权。
inanimate:adj.无生命的;无生气的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
Can you guess which group I'm talking about? 你们能猜到是哪个群体吗？
It's children. 是孩子们！
I work in urban design, and not surprisingly , most cities are designed by adults. 我从事城市设计工作, 并不奇怪的是, 大部分城市城市设计者都是成人。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地
Urban planners , architects , developers , politicians , and occasionally , a few loud citizens. 城市规划师,建筑师,开发商,政客 偶尔也会有一些热心的公民。
planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然;
Rarely do you consider the voices of a group of four-year-olds, barely tall enough to reach the podium at city council chambers . 你很少会考虑一群四岁孩子的想法 那些孩子的身高勉强能 够到市议会厅的演讲台。
Rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地; podium:n.乐队指挥台;矮墙;墩座墙; council:n.(市、郡等的)政务委员会;市政(或地方管理)服务机构; chambers:n.内庭(chamber的复数);
But today, I want to ask you this: 但是今天,我想问你这个问题:
What would happen if we asked children to design our cities? 如果让我们的孩子 设计城市会发生什么呢？
(Laughter) （笑声）
Back in 2009, I was introduced to a small group of people who wanted to start a child-friendly city initiative in Boulder , Colorado . 在2009年的时候, 我被介绍给一组人, 他们想要
child-friendly:方便儿童使用的; initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; Boulder:n.卵石,大圆石;巨砾; Colorado:n.科罗拉多;[城]科罗拉多州;科罗拉多河;
I come from a family of civil rights advocates , and I had spent my career until that point working with low-income children and families. 我来自一个倡导民权的家庭, 在那时,我的职业是 与低收入的家庭和孩子一起工作,
civil rights:na.公民权; advocates:n.拥护者; vt.主张(advocate的第三人称单数); career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
But I had never heard of a child-friendly city initiative before. 但我从没听说过关爱儿童的 城市倡议。
So I figured its purpose would be to address some of the frustrations 所以我想他们的目的将是解决一些
frustrations:n.沮丧;受阻;阻止;挫败;(frustration的复数)
I had encountered as the parent of a young child. 像我这样的家长在照顾小孩子时 所遇到的疑惑。
encountered:v.遭遇,遇到;偶然碰到;意外地遇见;(encounter的过去分词和过去式)
Perhaps we would advocate for more changing tables in restaurants. 也许我们会提倡在餐厅厕所里 设更多的换尿布台,
Or create indoor play spaces for those cold and rainy days. 或者在那些寒冷多雨的日子 建立室内游戏空间。
indoor:adj.(在)室内的;在户内进行的;在室内用的;
In other words, make the city more hospitable to children and families. 换而言之,让城市对孩子和家庭来说 更舒适。
hospitable:adj.热情友好的;(环境)舒适的;
It wasn't until after I committed to this project that I realized I had it all wrong. 直到我投身到这个项目, 我才意识到自己完全错了。
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
We wouldn't be designing better cities for children. 我们不能给孩子设计更好的城市,
Children would be designing better cities for themselves, and for the rest of us, too. 孩子可以更好地 为他们自己设计城市, 同时也造福我们。
Now, I bet you're skeptical about this idea. 我猜你们一定会怀疑这个想法。
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; skeptical:adj.怀疑的;怀疑论的,不可知论的;
And honestly, I was, too. 说真的,我以前也不相信。
I mean, there must be a reason the voting age is 18. 投票年龄设为18岁 肯定是有原因的。
(Laughter) （笑声)
How could children possibly understand complex ideas such as the affordable housing crisis or how to develop a transportation master plan ? 孩子怎么可能理解那些复杂的 设计概念？ 像经济适用房危机, 或者如何发展交通整体规划。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; affordable:adj.负担得起的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; master plan:n.总体规划;总计划;
And even if they had ideas, wouldn't they be childish ? 即使他们有想法, 他们的想法难道不是幼稚的
childish:adj.幼稚的,孩子气的;
Or unreasonable ? 或是不切实际的吗？
unreasonable:adj.不合理的;过度的;不切实际的;非理智的;
Do our cities really need a park made out of candy? 我们的城市真的需要 用糖果建成的公园吗？
(Laughter) （笑声)
Or a bridge with water cannons that fire water onto unsuspecting kayakers below? 或是装有水炮的大桥？ 向那些桥下不知情的皮艇射水？
cannons:n.大炮; v.炮击; unsuspecting:adj.不怀疑的;未猜想到…的; kayakers:n.皮船;爱斯基摩小艇(kayak的变形);
(Laughter) （笑声)
While these concerns sound legitimate , 虽然这些担忧貌似合理,
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize);
I realized that not including children in city planning was a bigger design problem. 但是我意识到 不让孩子参与城市设计, 将成为设计中更大的问题。
city planning:城市规划;
After all, shouldn't we include end users in the design process ? 毕竟,我们应该将最终使用者 考虑进设计过程中。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
If we're building a park to be largely used by kids, then kids should have a say in the park's design. 如果我们建一个主要 供孩子使用的公园, 那么孩子应该在公园设计上 有发言权。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地;
So with all of this in mind, we formed a program called "Growing Up Boulder," 所以把这些都考虑进去, 我们创建了一个项目叫做 “成长博尔德”。
and my job is to work with children ages zero through 18 to come up with innovative city-design solutions. 我的工作就是和 一群0岁到18岁的孩子们一起, 想出有创意的城市规划解决方法。
come up with:提出;想出;赶上; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
How do we do this, you might ask? 你也许会问我们怎么实现这些？
Let me give you a real example. 让我给你举一个实际例子:
In 2012, the city of Boulder decided to redesign a large downtown park, known as the Civic Area. 在2012年,博尔德市决定重新设计 一个大型的市中心公园 叫做市民区。
redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计; downtown:n.市区;闹市区;adv.在市区;在热闹街上;到闹市区;adj.闹市区的; Civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的;
This space is bounded by a farmers' market on one end, 这个地方的一端是农产品市场,
Boulder Public Library on the other end, and by Boulder Creek , which runs through the middle. 另一端是博尔德公共图书馆, 还有博尔德溪,贯穿中间。
Creek:n.小溪;小湾;
The space needed a new design to better handle the creek's inevitable flash floods, restore a sense of safety to the area and support an expanded farmers' market. 这个地方需要一个新的设计 来更好的处理小溪 不可避免的洪水, 从而恢复这个地方的安全性, 以及扩大农产品市场。
handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; flash:n.闪光; v.闪光; adj.庞大的; restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原; expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式);
we engaged more than 200 young people in the process, ranging from preschool through high school students. 超过200位年轻人参与到这个过程中 从学前班到高中生。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) preschool:adj.未满学龄的;就学前的,入学前的;n.幼儿园,育幼院;
Now, how did we do this? 我们是怎么做的呢？
Let me explain. 让我来告诉你。
First, we visited children in their classrooms and presented the project: what it was, why their ideas mattered and what would happen with their recommendations . 首先,我们去找了教室里的孩子 并且展示了我们项目。 它是什么,为什么他们的想法 很重要 以及有了他们的建议会发生什么。
recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
Before we could influence them, we asked children to record their ideas, based on their own lived experiences. 在我们影响他们之前, 我们让孩子们根据 他们自己的生活经验
influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
Then we asked children to go on a field trip with us, to document what they liked and didn't like about the space, using photography . 然后我们让孩子们 和我们一起去实地考察 用摄影去记录他们对于空间的喜欢和不喜欢。
field trip:n.(常指学生进行的)野外考察; photography:n.摄影;摄影术;
Through green picture frames , students highlighted what they liked about the space, such as college students, tubing down the creek. 通过绿色相框 学生们突出了他们对空间的喜爱 例如大学生在小溪里顺流嬉戏。
frames:n.[计][电子][通信]帧,[电影]画面;[建][计]框架;眼镜架(frame的复数); highlighted:adj.突出的;v.使显著;照亮(highlight的过去分词);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Then they flipped those frames over and used the red side to highlight things they didn't like, such as trash . 然后他们把相框反过来, 用红色的那面 去表示他们不喜欢的东西, 比如说垃圾。
flipped:v.(使)快速翻转;按(开关);轻掷;(flip的过去分词和过去式) trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
Our sixth-grade students studied the Civic Area by researching sites with similar challenges from around the world. 六年级学生学习公民区 通过研究全世界 有着相似挑战的地区。
sites:n.网站(site的复数);遗址,举办地点;v.使...位于(site的单三形式);
Then, we invited the kids to combine their original ideas with their new inspiration, to synthesize solutions to improve the space. 然后,我们邀请孩子们去 整合他们最初的想法, 用他们的灵感 去合成可以改善空间的解决方法。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; synthesize:vt.合成;综合;vi.合成;综合; improve:v.改进;改善;
Each class invited adult planners, city council and community members into the classroom, to share and discuss their recommendations. 每个教室邀请成人策划师, 市议员和社区成员 到教室去分享和讨论他们的建议。
Boulder's senior urban planners stepped over blocks and stuffed animals to explore preschool students' full-size classroom recreation of the Civic Area. 博尔德的高级城市规划师 跨过积木和毛绒玩具 去探索学龄前学生在教室中建的 模拟公民区。
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; stuffed:adj.饱;装满的;v.填满;装满;给…装馅;(stuff的过去分词和过去式) explore:v.探索:探测:探险: full-size:adj.全尺寸的;动物完全长大的;全身的;与原物一样大小的; recreation:n.娱乐;消遣;娱乐活动;游戏;
Adult planners marveled at the students' ideas as they shared a park constructed out of a jelly bracelet . 成人规划师惊叹于孩子们的想法, 当他们分享一个由橡皮环做的公园。
marveled:n.奇迹;vt.对…感到惊异;vi.感到惊讶; constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式) jelly:n.果冻;胶状物;vi.成胶状;vt.使结冻; bracelet:n.手镯;
It was supposed to be an ice-skating rink . 那应该是一个溜冰场。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) ice-skating:滑冰;溜冰(ice-skate的现在分词) rink:n.溜冰场,室内溜冰场;冰球场;vi.溜冰;
And then, public art constructed from animal-shaped plastic beads . 还有由动物形状的塑料珠子构成的 公共艺术。
beads:n.(有孔的)珠子;(玫瑰)念珠;(液体的)小滴;(bead的复数)
And while this may seem ridiculous , it isn't so different from the models that architects create. 这似乎有点荒唐, 这和建筑师创造的模型其实没有太大不同
ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
Now, fast-forward four years, and I am pleased to report that many of the children's ideas are being implemented in the Civic Area. 在这进展迅速的四年, 我很高兴向大家报告 很多孩子的想法已经在公民区 实现啦！
fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进; implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
For example, there will be improved access to Boulder Creek, so kids can play safely in the water. 比如, 博尔德小溪被改善, 所以孩子们可以在水里安全地玩耍。
improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式)
Lighting in previously dark underpasses , so high school students can walk home safely after school at night. 以前黑暗的地下通道现在装了照明 所以高中生可以晚上放学后 安全地回家。
previously:adv.先前;以前; underpasses:n.地下通道;[交]下穿交叉道;
And separated biking and walking paths, so speeding bikers won't hit young people as they stroll by the creek. 骑车和行走的道路被分开了 所以快速骑车的人 不会撞到沿着溪边闲逛的年轻人。
bikers:n.骑摩托车的人;骑自行车的人;(biker的复数) stroll:n.漫步;闲逛;巡回演出;v.散步;闲逛;巡回演出;
My daughter and I even skated on a new, child-requested ice-skating rink, last winter. 在去年冬天,我女儿和我甚至在一个新的, 孩子们提议的滑冰场滑冰
So, were all of the kids' ideas implemented at the Civic Area? 但是,所有孩子的想法 都被实现了吗？
Of course not. 当然没有!
Democracy is a messy process. 民主是一个
Democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; messy:adj.肮脏的;凌乱的;不整洁的;
But just as a reasonable and well-informed adult does not expect all of her ideas to be utilized , neither does a nine-year-old. 但正如一个通情达理见多识广 的成年人一样, 她知道,不是所有的理想都会实现, 更不用说一个九岁的孩子。
well-informed:adj.消息灵通的;见多识广的;熟悉的;博学的; utilized:adj.被利用的;v.利用(utilize的过去分词);
We've now been using this process for eight years, and along the way, we've found some incredible benefits to designing cities with children. 我们现在已经用这个方法八年了。 在这些年里,我们发现了很多 与孩子一起 设计城市的难以置信的优点。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
First of all , kids think differently from adults. 首先,孩子们和大人们想的不一样,
First of all:adv.首先;
And that's a good thing. 这是一个好事情。
Adults think about constraints , how much time will a project take, how much money will it cost and how dangerous will it be. 成年人考虑约束条件, 实施一个项目要花多少时间, 成本是多少,项目有多危险。
constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
In other words, "Are we going to get sued ?" 换而言之,“我们会被起诉吗？”
sued:v.控告;提起诉讼;提出请求;(sue的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's not that these constraints aren't real, but if we kill off ideas from the beginning, it limits our creativity and dampens the design process. 不是说这些约束不存在, 但如果我们从一开始 就扼杀各种想法, 它就限制我们的创造力 并且削弱设计过程。
dampens:vt.抑制;使…沮丧;使…潮湿;vi.潮湿;丧气;
Kids, on the other hand , think about possibilities. 然而,孩子们考虑的是可能性。
on the other hand:另一方面;
For kids, the sky is the limit . 对于孩子们来说, 天空才是极限
the sky is the limit:没有限制(习语);缘份无边界(TVB电视剧名);
Literally . 当然是字面意思。
Literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
When we worked with middle-school students to design teen-friendly parks, they drew pictures of skydiving , hang gliding , 当我们和中学生一起设计 对青少年有利的公园时 他们画了跳伞,滑翔。
skydiving:n.延缓张伞跳伞运动;特技跳伞运动 gliding:adj.滑行的;流畅的;滑顺的;v.滑翔;消逝;溜走;(glide的现在分词形式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
and jumping from trampolines into giant foam pits . 从蹦床跳进巨大的泡沫坑。
trampolines:蹦床; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 foam:n.泡沫;水沫;灭火泡沫;v.起泡沫;吐白沫;起着泡沫流动; pits:n.维修区(pit的复数); v.除去…的核;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Some of this sounds far-fetched , but the commonalities among the activities revealed an important story. 有一些听起来很牵强, 但这些活动的共同点 揭示了一个重要的道理:
far-fetched:adj.强词夺理的;太牵强了; commonalities:n.公共;共性;老百姓;平民; revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式)
Our adolescents wanted thrill-seeking opportunities. 我们的青少年想要 寻求刺激的机会。
adolescents:n.[人类]青少年(adolescent复数); thrill-seeking:追求刺激;敢于冒险;玩心跳;
Which makes perfect sense, given their developmental stage in life. 鉴于他们处在人生的发展阶段, 这确实是有道理的。
developmental:adj.发展的;启发的;
So our task, as connectors between inspiration and reality, was to point them towards activities and equipment that actually could be installed in a park. 所以作为灵感和现实的连接器, 我们的任务 就是能够给他们 提供可以安装在公园里的 活动和器材。
connectors:n.[电子]连接器;[电子]接插件(connector的复数形式); installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式)
This is exactly what parks in Australia have done, with their extensive zip lines and their 30-foot-tall climbing towers. 这就是澳大利亚公园在做的事情: 公园里有宽大的高空滑索以及 30英尺高的攀爬塔。
extensive:adj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的;
When kids dream up a space, they almost always include fun, play and movement in their designs. 当孩子们梦想一个空间时 他们永远都会把乐趣、 玩耍以及运动包含在他们的设计中。
Now, this is not what adults prioritize . 现在,这不是成年人 优先考虑的问题,
prioritize:v.按重要性排列;划分优先顺序;优先处理;
But research shows that fun, play and movement are exactly what adults need to stay healthy, too. 然而研究表明乐趣、玩耍以及运动 也正是成年人保持健康的方法。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Who wouldn't enjoy a tree house containing a little lending library and comfortable beanbag chairs for reading? 谁不喜欢一个有着 借阅图书馆的树屋呢？ 以及用来阅读的懒人沙发呢？
tree house:n.树上小屋(搭建在树枝间,通常供儿童游戏用); lending library:n.(书籍可外借的)公共图书馆; beanbag:n.游戏用的装了豆子的小袋;
Or what about a public art display that sprays paint onto a canvas each time you walk up the steps? 或者有一个公共的艺术展览？ 每次你走上台阶的时候, 就会有油漆喷到画布上。
display:n.显示;炫耀;vt.显示;表现;陈列;vi.[动]作炫耀行为;adj.展览的;陈列用的; sprays:n.喷雾;[药]喷雾剂(spray的复数);v.喷;扫射(spray的三单形式); canvas:n.帆布;(帆布)画布;油画;vt.用帆布覆盖;
In addition to fun and play, children value beauty in their designs. 除了乐趣和玩耍, 孩子们的设计很重视美观。
In addition to:除…之外;
When tasked with designing dense affordable housing, kids rejected the blocks of identical , beige condominiums so many developers favor, and instead, put bright colors on everything, from housing to play equipment. 当设计密集的经济适用房的时候, 孩子们不喜欢单一的米黄色的公寓, 而那是很多成年设计者很喜欢的。 相反,孩子们喜欢把鲜艳的颜色 放到所有物体上 从房子到游乐设施。
dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的; rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词) identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物; beige:n.米黄色;adj.浅褐色的;米黄色的; condominiums:n.公寓;一套公寓住房;公寓的单元;(condominium的复数)
They placed flowers between biking and walking paths, and placed benches along the creek, so kids could hang out with their friends and enjoy the tranquility of the water. 他们把花朵放在骑车道和 人行道的中间, 沿着小溪放置长椅。 所以孩子们可以和朋友出去玩 然后享受溪水的平静,
hang out with:与…出去玩;与…闲逛; tranquility:n.宁静;平静;
Which leads me to nature. 让人能够亲近大自然。
Children have a biological need to connect with nature, and this shows up in their designs. 孩子对大自然有着 天生的需求, 这出现在他们的设计中。
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
They want nature right in their backyards , not four blocks away. 他们想要大自然在他们的后花园里, 而不是在四个街区之外。
backyards:n.后院;后庭;
So they design communities that incorporate water, fruit trees, flowers and animals into their common spaces on site. 所以他们设计的社区的公共区域中, 有水,果树、花朵以及动物。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) incorporate:vt.包含,吸收; vi.合并; adj.合并的;
For better or worse, this is logical, because five-year-olds today are rarely allowed to walk four blocks to access a park by themselves. 无论好坏,这些想法是有逻辑的。 因为五岁的孩子很少被允许 独自走过四个街区 去一个公园。
And nature in one's immediate environment benefits everyone, since it has been shown to have restorative effects for all ages. 周围的自然环境会让所有人受益, 因为它已经被证明对 所有年龄段的人都有恢复作用。
restorative:n.[药]恢复药,滋补剂;adj.滋补的,有助于复元的;恢复健康的;
It may come as a surprise, but we even take into consideration the desires or our littlest citizens, babies and toddlers . 这也许是一个惊喜 但我们甚至考虑到了 我们小公民的想法 宝宝和幼儿。
consideration:n.顾及;报酬;斟酌;仔细考虑; toddlers:n.初学走路的孩子;儿童短衫(toddler的复数形式);
From toddlers, we learned that the joy of walking comes from what you discover along the way. 从幼儿身上,我们学到了走路的乐趣 来自于沿途你发现的东西。
When they evaluated the walkability of Boulder's 19th Street corridor , toddlers spent long stretches exploring leaves in a ditch and sparkles in the sidewalk . 当孩子们评估博尔德 第19街走廊的可步行性时, 他们花了很长时间在 探索沟渠里的树叶 以及人行道上的闪闪小物。
evaluated:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的过去分词和过去式) corridor:n.通道;过道;走廊(一国领土通过他国境内的狭长地带); stretches:v.拉长; n.一片; (stretch的第三人称单数和复数) exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) ditch:v.在…上掘沟;把…开入沟里;丢弃;n.沟渠;壕沟; sparkles:v.闪烁;闪耀;生气勃勃;神采飞扬;(sparkle的第三人称单数) sidewalk:n.人行道;
They reminded us to slow down and design a path where the journey is as important as the destination. 他们提醒我们慢下来 然后设计一条旅程与终点同等重要的 道路。
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
In addition to trees and plants, kids almost always include animals in their designs. 除了树和植物, 几乎所有孩子都会把动物 包含在他们的设计中。
Insects, birds and small mammals figure prominently into children's pictures. 昆虫,鸟类以及其他小型哺乳动物, 在孩子们的照片中占有显着地位。
mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数) prominently:adv.显著地;
Whether it's because they're closer to the ground and can see the grasshoppers better than we can, or simply because they have a greater sense of empathy for other beings, children almost always include non-human species in their ideal worlds. 是否是因为他们离大地更近 所以比我们更能看见蚱蜢 或者只是因为他们 对其他众生有更大的同情心？ 孩子永远会把非人类物种 放进他们理想中的世界。
grasshoppers:n.草蜢; v.像蚱蜢似地跳; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; non-human:adj.非人类的;非人工的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Across the board , children are inclusive in their city planning. 在整个过程中, 儿童在城市规划中具有包容性。
Across the board:全面地,整体地; inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
They design for everyone, from their grandmother in a wheelchair to the homeless woman they see sleeping in the park. 他们的设计考虑了所有人, 从坐轮椅的奶奶 到在公园里睡觉的 无家可归的女人。
wheelchair:n.轮椅;
Children design for living creatures , not for cars, egos or corporations . 孩子们为世间生灵设计 而不是为了车,自我,或是公司。
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数) egos:n.自我(ego的复数); corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式);
The last and perhaps most compelling discovery we made is that a city friendly to children is a city friendly to all. 最后也许是我们发现的 最引人注目的点是: 对儿童友好的城市其实 就是对所有人友好的城市。
compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词)
Bogota , Colombia mayor Enrique Pe? alosa observed that children are a kind of indicator species. 哥伦比亚首都波哥大的市长 恩里克·佩纳罗萨 发现孩子是一种指示物种。
Bogota:n.波哥大(哥伦比亚首都); mayor:n.市长;镇长; alosa:n.鲱鱼属;网络释义:西鲱属;云雀; observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); indicator:n.指示器;[试剂]指示剂;[计]指示符;压力计;
If we can build a successful city for children, we will have a successful city for all people. 如果我们可以给孩子 建一个成功的城市 我们将会有一个对所有人来说 都是成功的城市。
Think about it. 想一下,
Kids can't just hop in a car and drive to the store. 孩子们不能跳上车然后开车去商店,
And most kids can't afford an expensive lunch at the nearby cafe. 大多数孩子也买不起 附近咖啡馆里昂贵的午餐。
nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近;
So if we build cities that take into the consideration their needs for alternative forms of transportation and for cheaper food venues , we meet the needs of many other populations, too. 所以如果我们设计城市时考虑到 他们对替代交通 以及更便宜的美食场所的需求, 我们也满足了很多其他年龄段的人 的需求。
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; venues:n.场地,场馆(venue复数形式);犯罪现场,发生地点;
The more frequent and more affordable bus service, so desired by our youth, also supports the elderly who wish to live independently , after they can no longer drive cars. 我们年轻人所希望的更频繁 且更实惠的 公共汽车服务, 也是那些希望独立生活的老人 所需要的, 因为他们不能再开车了。
frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处); elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; independently:adv.独立地;自立地;
Teens' recommendations for smooth, protected walking and skateboarding paths also support the person in a wheelchair who wishes to go smoothly down the path, or the parent pushing a new stroller . 青少年们对轮滑与滑板路径的建议 也适用那些依赖轮椅的人, 还有那些推着新的婴儿车的父母。
skateboarding:n.滑板运动; smoothly:adv.平稳地,平滑地;流畅地,流利地; stroller:n.散步者;流浪者;(美)折叠式婴儿车;巡回演出的演员;
So to me, all of this has revealed something important. 所以对我来说, 这些都揭示了一些重要的东西,
An important blind spot . 一个重要的盲点:
blind spot:n.视线盲区(尤指车辆驾驶员看不见的路段);无视;没有认识;
If we aren't including children in our planning, who else aren't we including? 如果我们不把孩子 考虑进我们的设计 我们还在忽略谁？
Are we listening to people of color, immigrants , the elderly and people with disabilities , or with reduced incomes? 我们有在倾听有色人种,移民 老人,残疾人, 还是收入减少的人吗？
immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数); disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者;
What innovative design solutions are we overlooking , because we aren't hearing the voices of the full community? 我们忽略了哪些创新设计？ 因为我们没有听整个社区的声音,
overlooking:v.忽略;不予理会;俯视;眺望;(overlook的现在分词)
We can't possibly know the needs and wants of other people without asking. 如果我们不发声询问, 就无法知道其他人的需求,
That goes for kids and for everyone else. 这适用于孩子和其他所有人。
So, adults, let's stop thinking of our children as future citizens and instead, start valuing them for the citizens they are today. 所以大人们,让我们不要把孩子 再当成未来的公民了, 相反,开始把他们当成 今天的公民来重视他们。
Because our children are designing the cities that will make us happier and healthier. 因为我们的孩子, 在设计一个让我们更快乐, 更健康的城市,
Cities filled with nature, play, movement, social connection and beauty. 一个充满自然、玩耍、运动、 社会关系以及美观的城市
Children are designing the cities we all want to live in. 孩子们在设计一个 我们都想生活的城市。
Thank you. 谢谢大家！
(Applause) （掌声）