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MajoraCarter_2010X-_三个当地生态行动主义的故事_
So today, I'm going to tell you about some people who didn't move out of their neighborhoods. 今天,我要向大家介绍一些人, 他们一直在各自的街区里工作。
The first one is happening right here in Chicago. 第一位就在芝加哥。
Brenda Palms-Farber was hired to help ex-convicts reenter society and keep them from going back into prison. 布兰达·帕尔姆-法尔伯的工作 是帮助刑满释放人员重返社会 以免他们重蹈覆辙。
ex-convicts:n.从前曾被判刑的人;[法]前科犯; reenter:v.重返;重新存入;[律]收回(贷出物);再进入;
Currently , taxpayers spend about $60,000 per year sending a person to jail . 目前,若有一人入狱, 那么纳税人每年就要 支付六万美元。
Currently:adv.当前;一般地; taxpayers:n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数); jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back. 三分之二的刑满释放人员最后又回到了监狱。
two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地;
I find it interesting that, for every one dollar we spend, however, on early childhood education, like Head Start , we save $17 on stuff like incarceration in the future. 我觉得很有意思, 我们为“启蒙教育”等早期教育 每花一美元, 在将来, 就能在送人入狱这些事情上节省十七美元。
childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 Head Start:领先;抢先起步的优势;有利的开端; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: incarceration:n.监禁;下狱;禁闭;
Or -- think about it -- that $60,000 is more than what it costs to send one person to Harvard as well. 大家想想－那六万美元 把一个人送到哈佛大学读书 都绰绰有余了。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
But Brenda, not being phased by stuff like that, took a look at her challenge and came up with a not-so-obvious solution : create a business that produces skin care products from honey. 但布兰达并没有拘泥于这些限制, 她审视了眼前的挑战 想出了 一个不那么兴师动众的解决方法: 开办一庄生意, 用蜂蜜的提炼物来生产护肤品。
phased:v.分阶段进行;逐步做;(phase的过去分词和过去式) solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
Okay, it might be obvious to some of you; it wasn't to me. 也许对于你们一些人来说这再自然不过了;但是我不这么看。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
It's the basis of growing a form of social innovation that has real potential . 扶植真正有无限潜力的社会创新, 这是起步阶段。
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
She hired seemingly unemployable men and women to care for the bees, harvest the honey and make value-added products that they marketed themselves, and that were later sold at Whole Foods. 她聘请那些别人不愿聘用的人 来照顾蜜蜂,收割蜂蜜 加工产品, 并自己做市场推广, 最后把成品放在全食超市销售。
seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; unemployable:adj.不能受雇的;n.不能受雇者; value-added:adj.加值的;增值的;
She combined employment experience and training with life skills they needed, like anger management and teamwork, and also how to talk to future employers about how their experiences 她把工作与培训结合在一起, 教授员工一些必要的生活技能, 教他们如何控制愤怒情绪,如何进行团队合作, 如何向后来的员工 传授自己的经验,
employment:n.使用;职业;雇用; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; employers:n.雇主;雇用者;(employer的复数)
actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned and their eagerness to learn more. 告诉他们自己所学到的经验教训 以及他们对学习的热情。
demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式) eagerness:n.渴望;热心;
Less than four percent of the folks that went through her program actually go back to jail. 经过她聘用的这些人员中 仅有不到百分之四的人 再次入狱。
So these young men and women learned job-readiness and life skills through bee-keeping and became productive citizens in the process . 这些年轻人通过养殖蜜蜂 不仅得到了工作培训,学会了生存技能, 还成为了有作为的好公民。
productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Talk about a sweet beginning. 这真是一个美好的开始。
Now, I'm going to take you to Los Angeles. 现在我要带你们到洛杉矶。
And lots of people know that L.A. has its issues . 很多人都知道 洛杉矶有很多亟待解决的问题。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
But I'm going to talk about L.A.'s water issues right now. 但是我要讲的是洛杉矶的用水问题。
They have not enough water on most days and too much to handle when it rains. 该市经常缺水, 而一旦下雨,过多的雨水又成了问题。
handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;
Currently, 20 percent of California's energy consumption is used to pump water into mostly Southern California. 目前,加利福尼亚州 百分之二十的能源消耗 主要被用于向南加州 调水的工程。
consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; pump:n.抽水机;泵;打气筒;v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;
Their spending loads, loads, to channel that rainwater out into the ocean when it rains and floods as well. 他们花了大把大把的金钱 将雨水疏导至大海, 一旦下雨,这里就会发大水。
rainwater:n.雨水;软水;
Now Andy Lipkis is working to help 安迪·利普基斯的工作
L.A. cut infrastructure costs associated with water management and urban heat island -- linking trees, people and technology to create a more livable city. 就是帮助洛杉矶 削减水利工程以及城市热岛效应相关的基础建设开支－ 把人,树木和科技联系起来 进而创造更适合居住的城市。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; livable:adj.适于居住的;生活过得有价值的;
All that green stuff actually naturally absorbs storm water, also helps cool our cities. 那些绿色的东西能够自动吸收大量雨水, 并且帮助城市降温。
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; absorbs:v.吸收;吸引…的注意(absorb的第三人称单数形式);
Because, come to think about it, do you really want air-conditioning , or is it a cooler room that you want? 我们应该这样想: 你真正需要的是空调, 还是一个凉爽的房间？
air-conditioning:n.空调系统;空气调节;
How you get it shouldn't make that much of a difference. 不管使用那种方法,只要能够达到预期的效果就行了。
So a few years ago, 就在几年前,
L.A. County decided that they needed to spend 2.5 billion dollars to repair the city schools. 洛杉矶 决定投入二十五亿美元 整修全市的学校。
County:n.郡,县; repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
And Andy and his team discovered that they were going to spend 200 million of those dollars on asphalt to surround the schools themselves. 安迪和他的团队得知 政府将把其中两亿美元 用于给学校四周的路面铺上沥青。
asphalt:n.沥青;柏油;v.以沥青铺;adj.用柏油铺成的;
And by presenting a really strong economic case, they convinced the L.A. government that replacing that asphalt with trees and other greenery , that the schools themselves would save the system more on energy than they spend on horticultural infrastructure. 通过展示一个非常经济实惠的案例, 他们说服洛杉矶政府改变计划, 将沥青 换成绿树和其它绿化带, 这样学校在绿化建设方面 节省更多人力物力。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) greenery:n.绿色植物;温室; horticultural:adj.园艺的;
So ultimately , 20 million sq. ft. of asphalt was replaced or avoided, and electrical consumption for air-conditioning went down, while employment for people to maintain those grounds went up, resulting in a net saving to the system, but also healthier students and schools system employees as well. 最后,铺两千万平方英尺沥青路的计划 被取消了, 同时,使用空调所需的电力消耗降低了, 绿化带需要人照顾, 这样,许多人找到了工作, 成本就这样被降低了, 同时,师生们得到了更健康洁净的生活环境。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见);
Now Judy Bonds is a coal miner's daughter. 这是朱蒂·邦德斯。 一个煤炭工的女儿。
Her family has eight generations in a town called Whitesville, West Virginia . 她家庭的八代人 都住在西弗吉尼亚州一个叫做怀茨威尔的小镇上。
Virginia:adj.弗吉尼亚州的;
And if anyone should be clinging to the former glory of the coal mining history, and of the town, it should be Judy. 如果有谁会以这个小镇 光辉的煤炭开采史为荣, 以小镇为荣, 那非朱蒂莫数了。
clinging:adj.紧身的; v.依附; (cling的现在分词)
But the way coal is mined right now is different from the deep mines that her father and her father's father would go down into and that employed essentially thousands and thousands of people. 然而,现在的煤炭开采 对比过去她的父亲 以及祖父当年在深井里 几千人同时作业的开采方式,大不相同。
employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式) essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
Now, two-dozen men can tear down a mountain in several months, and only for about a few years-worth of coal. 现在只要二十几个人 就能在几个月内把一座山开采一空, 而开采出的煤炭只够使用几年。
That kind of technology is called mountaintop removal . 这种开采技术叫做山顶煤炭开采法。
mountaintop:n.山顶; removal:n.去除;消除;清除;除去;
It can make a mountain go from this to this in a few short months. 它能使一座山在短短数月里 从这样变成那样。
Just imagine that the air surrounding these places -- it's filled with the residue of explosives and coal. 想像一下周围的空气质量－ 到处弥漫着易爆物和煤炭残渣。
residue:n.残渣;剩余;滤渣; explosives:n.爆炸物,[化工]炸药;爆炸品(explosive的复数);
When we visited, it gave some of the people we were with this strange little cough after being only there for just a few hours or so -- not just miners , but everybody. 我们去到那里的时候,同行的一些人 莫名其妙地开始咳嗽 我们只在那里停留了几个小时－ 不仅是矿工,所有人都有同样症状。
miners:n.[矿业]矿工(miner的复数);煤矿工人;
And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed and her water poisoned. 朱蒂眼睁睁看着家园被破坏, 水体被污染。
landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
And the coal companies just move on after the mountain was emptied, leaving even more unemployment in their wake. 煤矿公司一旦把山挖空 就一走了之, 使越来越多矿工下岗。
unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数;
But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy on an intact mountain, and one that was reduced in elevation by over 2,000 ft. 然而,她还看到了一座完整山体上风能的潜力 比另一座 海拔相对低了两千英尺的山体 要多出许多。
intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的; elevation:n.高地;海拔;提高;崇高;正面图;
Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs, or centuries of clean energy with the potential for developing expertise and improvements in efficiency based on technical skills, and developing local knowledge about how to get the most out of that region's wind. 用三年时间来开采污染环境的能源, 相比开发能够持续几百年的清洁能源,究竟哪个更合算呢？ 前者会使许多人丢了工作,而后者却有潜力发展专业技能, 提高技术效率, 根据当地情况 最大程度地开发和利用风力资源。
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数) efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
She calculated the up-front cost and the payback over time, and it's a net plus on so many levels for the local, national and global economy . 她计算了初始成本 以及回报, 结果表明这对地方,国家,乃至全球经济 都会带来更高的净收益。
up-front:adj.预先的;坦率的; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
It's a longer payback than mountaintop removal, but the wind energy actually pays back forever. 相比开采山顶煤矿,风能可以带来长期回报, 而且这种风能源回报甚至是永久的。
Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to the locals, and it gives them a lot of misery . 开采山顶煤矿给当地居民的回报很小, 并且还让他们吃了不少苦头。
misery:n.痛苦,悲惨;不幸;苦恼;穷困;
The water is turned into goo. 原本洁净的水变成了臭水。
Most people are still unemployed , leading to most of the same kinds of social problems that unemployed people in inner cities also experience -- drug and alcohol abuse, domestic abuse, teen pregnan c y and p oor heat h as well. 大多数人没有工作, 由此,这里的失业人群 与大城市里失业的人们面临着同样的社会问题－ 吸毒,酗酒 家庭暴力,未成年少女怀孕以及糟糕的健康状况。
unemployed:adj.失业的;下岗的;n.(集合词)失业者; and:和,与
Now Judy and I -- I have to say -- totally related to each other. 现在朱蒂和我－我可以这么说－ 我们志同道合。
Now quite an obvious alliance . 我们关系铁得很。
alliance:n.联盟,联合;联姻;
I mean, literally , her hometown is called Whitesville, West Virginia. 你看,她的家乡是西弗吉尼亚州的怀茨威尔。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
I mean, they are not -- 他们不是－
They ain't competing for the birthplace of hip hop title or anything like that. 他们可没在跟时尚嘻哈达人争地盘, 压跟就没有。
competing:adj.相互冲突的;相互矛盾的;v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛;(compete的现在分词) birthplace:n.出生地;发源地; hip:n.臀部;蔷薇果;忧郁;adj.熟悉内情的;非常时尚的; hop:n.啤酒花;单足短距离跳跃;;v.单脚跳行;齐足(或双足)跳行;突然快速去某处;
But the back of my T-shirt, the one that she gave me, says, "Save the endangered hillbillies ." 但是,在她送我的T恤衫背面, 写着:“拯救濒临灭绝的乡巴佬”。
endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式) hillbillies:n.山区乡巴佬;(hillbilly的复数)
So homegirls and hillbillies we got it together and totally understand that this is what it's all about. 就这样宅女和乡巴佬走到了一起, 非常明确各自的使命。
But just a few months ago, 然而就在几个月前,
Judy was diagnosed with stage three lung cancer . 朱蒂被诊断 患有晚期肺癌。
diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
Yeah. 真的。
And it has since moved to her bones and her brain. 而且已经蔓延到了她的骨头和大脑。
And I just find it so bizarre that she's suffering from the same thing that she tried so hard to protect people from. 这真是太荒唐了, 她竭尽全力帮助人们防止肺癌, 而自己却得了肺癌。
bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等);
But her dream of Coal River Mountain Wind is her legacy . 但是她的 “煤河山风力发电项目” 仍将继续。
legacy:n.遗赠,遗产;
And she might not get to see that mountaintop. 也许,她等不到 项目建成的那一天了。
But rather than writing yet some kind of manifesto or something, she's leaving behind a business plan to make it happen. 她并没有仅仅留下 一纸宣言, 而是她正详细制定 实施项目的具体计划。
manifesto:n.宣言;声明;告示;
That's what my homegirl is doing. 我的这位姐妹正在忙这件事情。
homegirl:n.喜欢待在家里的女孩;女老乡;
So I'm so proud of that. 我为她感到骄傲。
(Applause) （众人鼓掌）
But these three people don't know each other, but they do have an awful lot in common. 这三个人 彼此并不相识, 但是他们有着惊人的相似之处。
They're all problem solvers , and they're just some of the many examples that I really am privileged to see, meet and learn from in the examples of the work that I do now. 他们都是解决问题的带头人, 我非常幸运能够结识他们并且向他们学习, 我在工作中见识到了许多榜样, 他们就是其中几位模范。
solvers:n.解决者(solver的复数形式); privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词)
I was really lucky to have them all featured on my Corporation for Public Radio radio show called ThePromisedLand.org. 我很幸运地将他们的事迹 作为主秀展示在我的网络公共广播电台的节目 “应许之地（ThePromisedLand.org）”中。
Corporation:n.法人;(大)公司;法人团体;市政委员会;
Now they're all very practical visionaries . 他们都是有远见的实业家。
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; visionaries:n.空想主义者;愿景者;远见者(visionary的复数);
They take a look at the demands that are out there -- beauty products, healthy schools, electricity -- and how the money's flowing to meet those demands. 他们仔细审视眼前的需求－ 美容产品,健康的校园,电力－ 并想办法满足这些需求。
take a look at:看一看;检查; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
And when the cheapest solutions involve reducing the number of jobs, you're left with unemployed people, and those people aren't cheap. 如果你想通过削减员工人数 来解决问题, 那么将有许多人失业, 而这些人可不是省油的灯。
involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;
In fact, they make up some of what I call the most expensive citizens, and they include generationally impoverished , traumatized vets returning from the Middle East , people coming out of jail. 事实上,我认为他们是“最奢侈的公民”, 他们其中有许多人是从中东战场上 退伍回乡的伤兵,他们世世代代贫穷,受伤痛之苦; 另外还有刑满释放人员。
generationally:一代人,同代人; impoverished:adj.穷困的;用尽了的,无创造性的;v.使贫困(impoverish的过去分词); traumatized:adj.心理受到创伤的;v.使受创伤(traumatize的过去式和过去分词); vets:abbr.退伍军人(veteransadjustmentscale); Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部);
And for the veterans in particular , the V.A. said there's a six-fold increase in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since 2003. 拿那些老兵来说, 根据退伍军人事务部公布的数据, 自2003年以来退伍军人服用的精神方面的药物增加了六倍。
veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式); in particular:尤其,特别; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; pharmaceuticals:n.药物(pharmaceutical的复数);
I think that number's probably going to go up. 我认为这个数字目前仍然在上升。
They're not the largest number of people, but they are some of the most expensive. 他们并不是最庞大的群体, 但却是开销最大的群体之一。
And in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse, drug and alcohol abuse, poor performance by their kids in schools and also poor health as a result of stress. 他们是家庭暴力,吸毒酗酒的高危人群, 他们的子女在学校普遍不如其他家庭的孩子, 由于承受巨大压力,他们的身体健康非常差。
likelihood:n.可能性,可能; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; as a result:结果;
So these three guys all understand how to productively channel dollars through our local economies to meet existing market demands, reduce the social problems that we have now and prevent new problems in the future. 我所提到的这三位 都懂得如何有效地 把资金引入地方经济 以满足市场需求, 解决现存的社会问题, 并防止新问题的产生。
productively:adv.有结果地;有成果地; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
And there are plenty of other examples like that. 这样的例子数不胜数。
One problem: waste handling and unemployment. 例一:废物处理与失业问题。
Even when we think or talk about recycling , lots of recyclable stuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills and leaving many municipalities , diversion rates, they leave much to be recycled . 当我们思考或讨论如何回收利用时, 许多可回收物品已经被焚化或掩埋了, 这加大了城市的回收分流难度, 使回收过程更复杂。
recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词); recyclable:adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的; incinerated:v.把…烧成灰烬;焚毁;(incinerate的过去分词和过去式) landfills:n.废物填埋地(或场);废物填埋;填埋的废物;(landfill的复数) municipalities:n.市民,自治市;市政公债;(municipality复数形式) diversion:n.转移;消遣;分散注意力; recycled:n.再生纸;回收站;adj.[环境]回收利用的;可循环再造的;
And where is this waste handled? Usually in poor communities . 这些废物都在哪里被处理？一般在贫困的社区里。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And we know that eco-industrial business, these kinds of business models -- there's a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park, where you either the waste of one company is the raw material for another, or you use recycled materials to make goods that you can actually use and sell. 大家知道,在生态工业的运作模式中- 有这样一种模式,它在欧洲被称为生态工业园区。 在这里,你既可以把一家公司的废物交给另一家公司做原料, 也可以把材料回收利用 生产出新的商品。
raw material:n.原料;
We can create these local markets and incentives for recycled materials to be used as raw materials for manufacturing . 我们可以在当地鼓励和创造这样的当地市场需求, 使回收后的材料 成为制造业的原材料。
incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
And in my hometown, we actually tried to do one of these in the Bronx , but our mayor decided what he wanted to see was a jail on that same spot. 在我家乡,我们已经在布朗克斯区尝试过这种模式, 可惜我们的市长 更想在那里建一个监狱,
Bronx:n.布朗克斯(纽约市最北端的一区);布朗克斯鸡尾酒; mayor:n.市长;镇长;
Fortunately -- because we wanted to create hundreds of jobs -- but after many years, the city wanted to build a jail, they've since abandoned that project, thank goodness. 幸好- 我们本想可以创造几百个就业机会- 而多年以后, 这个城市居然决定在这里建造监狱, 感谢上苍,政府已经打消了这个念头。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地; abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式)
Another problem: unhealthy food systems and unemployment. 还有一个问题:不健康食品以及失业问题。
unhealthy:不健康的
Working-class and poor urban Americans are not benefiting economically from our current food system. 工人阶级以及城市贫困的美国人 并没有从现有的食品体系 得到经济利益。
Working-class:adj.工人阶级的;劳动阶级的; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地;
It relies too much on transportation , chemical fertilization , big use of water and also refrigeration . 这个体系过度使用交通运输, 化学肥料,大量水资源, 以及冷藏处理。
relies:信任; transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; fertilization:n.[农]施肥;[胚]受精;肥沃; refrigeration:n.制冷;冷藏;[热]冷却;
Mega agricultural operations often are responsible for poisoning our waterways and our land, and it produces this incredibly unhealthy product that costs us billions in health care and lost productivity . 大规模农业操作 不仅污染了水源以及土壤, 还生产出对人体健康危害极高的产品 让我们在医疗卫生方面损失了大把金钱, 并降低了生产力。
Mega:n.百万;adj.许多;宏大的;adv.非常; agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; waterways:n.水路;水道(waterway的复数);排水沟; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; health care:n.卫生保健; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
And so we know urban ag is a big buzz topic this time of the year, but it's mostly gardening, which has some value in community building -- lots of it -- but it's not in terms of creating jobs or for food production. 同时,城市农业 现在成为了一个热点话题, 但它是以园艺为主的, 这对社区建设具有重大意义- 但是却不能增加就业机会, 也不能对食品生产做贡献。
buzz:n.嗡嗡声; v.发出嗡嗡声; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
The numbers just aren't there. 园艺在这些方面的作用不显著。
Part of my work now is really laying the groundwork to integrate urban ag and rural food systems to hasten the demise of the 3,000-mile salad by creating a national brand of urban-grown produce that in every city that uses regional growing power and augments it with indoor growing facilities , owned and operated by small growers , where now there are only consumers . 我的任务之一就是 为把城市农业与农产品体系结合起来做准备工作, 这样就能创造出一个城市农业的国内品牌, “千里送荔枝”的现状就会尽早退出历史舞台了, 这样,每个城市 都能使用本地耕种资源 增加个体农户所拥有和经营的 室内种植设施, 而现在这个市场里只有消费者。
groundwork:n.基础;地基,根基; integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; hasten:vt.加速;使赶紧;催促;vi.赶快;急忙; demise:n.死亡,终止;转让;传位;vt.遗赠;禅让; brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印; regional:adj.地区的;局部的;整个地区的; augments:增加; indoor:adj.(在)室内的;在户内进行的;在室内用的; facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) growers:雏; consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数)
This can support seasonal farmers around metro areas who are losing out because they really can't meet the year-round demand for produce. 这可以很好地扶持大城市里的季节性农户, 他们由于无力满足 全年生产的需求而逐渐衰落。
seasonal:adj.季节的;周期性的;依照季节的; metro:地铁 year-round:adj.(开放,使用或运转等)一年到头的;整年;全年;全年的;
It's not a competition ,with rural farm, it's actually reinforcements . 这不是在抢乡村农户的饭碗, 而是助他们一臂之力。
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; reinforcements:n.援军;增援警力;加强,强化;(reinforcement的复数)
It allies in a really positive and economically-viable food system. 这是一个良性的 具有经济活力的食品体系。
allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数) positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
The goal is to meet the cities institutional demands for hospitals, senior centers, schools, daycare centers, and produce a network of regional jobs as well. 它目标在于满足城市里 来自医院, 养老院,学校,托儿所的需求, 并能创造一个地方就业网络。
institutional:adj.制度的; senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; daycare:n.日托;日间照管儿童;
This is smart infrastructure. 这是非常精明的基础设施安排。
And how we manage our built-in environment affects the health and well-being of people every single day. 我们对城市环境的建设 每时每刻都影响着人们的健康与幸福。
built-in:adj.嵌入的;固定的;n.内置; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
Our municipalities, rural and urban, play the operational course of infrastructure -- things like waste disposal , energy demand, as well as social costs of unemployment, drop-out rates, incarceration rates and the impacts of various public health costs. 我们城乡地区的政府 负责基础设施的具体操作事项- 包括废物处理,能源需求, 由失业,辍学,入狱所带来的社会损失, 还有公共医疗成本的种种影响。
operational:adj.操作的;运作的; disposal:n.处理;清除;去掉;(企业、财产等的)变卖; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; drop-out:n.逃避现实社会的人;中途退学的人;[计]漏失; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
Smart infrastructure can provide cost-saving ways for municipalities to handle both infrastructure and social needs. 精明的基础设施管理 能够帮助城乡政府 协调好基础设施和社会需求。
cost-saving:节省成本;成本节约;
And we want to shift the systems that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens to become part of the tax base. 我们希望 把那些光靠社会税收救济的人群 转变为纳税人。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; formerly:adv.以前;原来; burdens:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于;
And imagine a national business model that creates local jobs and smart infrastructure to improve local economic stability . 想象一下:一个能够创造地方就业机会, 巧妙布置基础设施,并提高地方经济稳定的 全国性商业模式。
stability:n.稳定性;坚定,恒心;
So I'm hoping you can see a little theme here. 希望大家能够看到这里有一个主题。
These examples indicate a trend . 这些事例反映了一个趋势。
indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示; trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
I haven't created it, and it's not happening by accident. 这不是我有意制造的,也不是一个巧合。
I'm noticing that it's happening all over the country, and the good news is that it's growing. 我早就发现这趋势已经在全国范围内发生了, 更令人开心的是,这趋势正不断增强。
And we all need to be invested in it. 而且,我们都必须参与进去。
invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
It is an essential pillar to this country's recovery . 这是我们国家经济复苏的重要基石。
pillar:n.支柱; v.用柱子装饰[支持]; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获;
And I call it home(town) security. 我把它成为“国土安全”。
The recession has us reeling and fearful , and there's something in the air these days that is also very empowering . 经济的衰退让我们惊慌失措, 然而,这些天来,另一股力量 正在孕育而生。
recession:n.经济衰退;经济萎缩;退后;撤回; reeling:v.踉跄;摇摇晃晃地挪动;蹒跚;感到震惊;(reel的现在分词) fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的; empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
It's a realization that we are the key to our own recovery. 那就是我们意识到了 经济复苏的关键 在于我们自身。
realization:n.实现;领悟;
Now is the time for us to act in our own communities where we think local and we act local. 现在,我们应当行动起来 忧地方所忧,为当地社区做实事。
And when we do that, our neighbors -- be they next door, or in the next state, or in the next country -- will be just fine. 不管我们的邻居 是住在隔壁,住在邻州, 还是住在邻国- 我们都能给他们造福。
The sum of the local is the global. 当地的总和就是全球。
Home(town) security means rebuilding our natural defenses, putting people to work, restoring our natural systems. “国土安全”的意义在于重建自然防御, 给人们工作, 重筑自然系统。
restoring:adj.恢复的;v.恢复,重建;正在恢复;(restore的现在分词);
Home(town) security means creating wealth here at home, instead of destroying it overseas , “国土安全”意在为家园创造财富, 而不是糟蹋千里之外的财富。
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; overseas:adv.在海外,海外;adj.海外的,国外的;
Tackling social and environmental problems at the same time , with the same solution yields great cost savings , wealth generation and national security. 把社会问题与环境问题结合起来 同时用同一方法解决, 能够节省大量人力物力, 创造财富,并保障国家安全。
Tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词); at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; yields:n.生产量,投资效益(yield的复数形式); v.[经]生产; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数)
Many great and inspiring solutions have been generated across America. 许许多多绝妙的点子 在美国各地迸发。
inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词) generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
The challenge for us now is to identify and support countless more. 我们目前所面临的问题是 如何找到并扶持更多的好点子。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的;
Now, home(town) security is about taking care of your own, but it's not like the old saying, charity begins at home. 尽管“国土安全”有照顾好自己的意思, 但这跟“仁爱先及亲友” 还是有本质区别的。
charity:n.慈善;施舍;慈善团体;宽容;施舍物;
I recently read a book called "Love Leadership" by John Hope Bryant. 我最近读了一本名为《爱的领导力》的书,作者是约翰·霍普·布莱恩特（John Hope Bryant）。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
And it's about leading in a world that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear. 书中写道,在一个被恐惧所充斥的世界里 如何成为一个领导人。
on the basis of:根据;基于…;
And reading that book made me reexamine that theory because I need to explain what I mean by that. 读了这本书以后,我重新审视了我的理论, 因为我必须清楚地解释其中的道理。
reexamine:v.复试(审查);
See, my dad was a great, great man in many ways. 大家看,这是我父亲, 他在很多方面都非常出色。
He grew up in the segregated South, escaped lynching and all that during some really hard times, and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times. 他在种族隔离时期的南方长大, 在最艰苦的时期, 逃过了私刑的迫害, 他给我和兄弟姐妹们提供了一个安稳的家, 他还帮助了许多生活困难的人们建立了自己的家。
segregated:adj.被隔离的;v.隔离(segregate的过去式);分离; lynching:n.处以私刑;处私刑杀害;v.以私刑处死(lynch的ing形式); provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房; siblings:n.兄;弟;姐;妹;(sibling的复数) bunch:n.群;串;突出物;vi.隆起;打褶;形成一串;vt.使成一串;使打褶;
But, like all of us, he had some problems. 但是,和所有人一样,他有些坏毛病。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And his was gambling , compulsively . 他沉迷赌博, 无法自拔。
gambling:n.赌博;投机;v.赌博;打赌;(gamble的现在分词) compulsively:adv.强制地,强迫地;
To him that phrase, "Charity begins at home," 对于他而言“仁爱先及亲友”
meant that my payday -- or someone else's -- would just happen to coincide with his lucky day. 意味着我的发薪日或其他人的发薪日 正好就是他赌博发财的那一天。
payday:n.发薪日;交割日; coincide with:符合;与...相一致;
So you need to help him out. 他需要帮助。
And sometimes I would loan him money from my after school or summer jobs, and he always had the great intention of paying me back with interest, of course, after he hit it big . 有时候,我会把学校打工和暑假工作挣得的钱 借给他, 他只要手气好, 就会坚持连本带利 把钱还给我。
intention:n.意图;目的;意向;愈合; hit it big:vi.获得很大的成功;
And he did sometimes, believe it or not, at a racetrack in Los Angeles -- one reason to love L.A. -- back in the 1940's. 有时候,他很幸运,信不信由你, 他在洛杉矶的赛马场上赢了一些钱- 洛杉矶受欢迎的原因之一- 那时是二十世纪四十年代的事了,
racetrack:n.跑道;赛马场;
He made $15,000 cash and bought the house that I grew up in. 他赚了一万五千美元现金, 买下了一间房子,我就是在这间房子里长大的。
So I'm not that unhappy about that. 对此,我并没有什么意见。
But listen, I did feel obligated to him, and I grew up -- then I grew up. 但是,我对他应负有义务之责。 我渐渐长大。
obligated:adj.有义务的,有责任的,必须的; v.使负有义务; (obligate的过去式和过去分词)
And I'm a grown woman now. 现在我已经是成年人了。
And I have learned a few things along the way. 在成长的过程中,我学会了很多道理。
To me, charity often is just about giving, because you're supposed to, or because it's what you've always done, or it's about giving until it hurts. 对于我而言, 仁爱往往意味着给予, 是你分内的事情, 是你一直在做的事情, 也可能是你一厢情愿的付出。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
I'm about providing the means to build something that will grow and intensify its original investment and not just require greater giving next year -- 我认为仁爱是 推动事情的发展 将最初的投入增值和最大化, 而不是为下一年增大投入-
intensify:vi.增强,强化;变激烈;vt.使加强,使强化;使变激烈; original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
I'm not trying to feed the habit. 我不想纵容父亲的坏毛病。
I spent some years watching how good intentions for community empowerment , that were supposed to be there to support the community and empower it, actually left people in the same, if not worse, position than they were in before. 我花了几年时间 观察那些意在 帮助并支持社区的 良好动机 如何让人们 裹足不前。
intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数) empowerment:n.许可,授权;
And over the past 20 years, we've spent record amounts philanthropic dollars on social problems, yet educational outcomes , malnutrition , incarceration, obesity , diabetes , income disparity , they've all gone up with some exceptions, in particular, infant mortality among people in poverty -- but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well. 在过去的20年里, 我们为解决社会问题 花了不少善款, 然而教育的成果, 营养不良,牢狱, 肥胖,糖尿病,工资分配不均等问题 都在加剧,也有例外 比如贫困人口中 婴儿死亡率有所下降- 但是我们的目标是让他们过上幸福的美好人生。
philanthropic:adj.博爱的;仁慈的; educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的 outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) malnutrition:n.营养失调,营养不良; obesity:n.肥大,肥胖; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症; disparity:n.不同;不一致;不等; infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
And I know a little bit about these issues, because, for many years, I spent a long time in the non-profit industrial complex . 我多少了解这些问题的实际情况, 因为我曾在非营利性行业里 工作过很多年。
non-profit:adj.非营利的; industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
And I'm a recovering executive director, two years clean. 我现在是一名执行理事, 足足干了两年。
executive:n.管理人员; adj.经营管理的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But during that time, I realized that it was about projects and developing them on the local level that really was going to do the right thing for our communities. 在那段时间里,我意识到, 只有因地制宜地发展 我们才能造福当地社区。
But I really did struggle for financial support. 我碰到了资金方面的问题。
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
The greater our success, the less money came in from foundations . 我们的工程做得越火, 赞助机构给的钱就越少。
foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数)
And I tell you, being on the TED stage and winning a MacArthur in the same exact year gave everyone the impression that I had arrived. 实话说,在同一年里既被邀来在TED讲话, 又获得了“麦克阿瑟奖” 大家都以为我已经是个成功人士了。
MacArthur:n.麦克阿瑟(美国五星上将); impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想;
And by the time I'd moved on, 其实,为了让我的工作继续下去,
I was actually covering a third of my agency's budget deficit with speaking fees. 我依靠演讲所获得的收入 支付了我机构三分之一的开销。
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; deficit:n.赤字;逆差;亏损;不足额;
And I think because early on, frankly, my programs were just a little bit ahead of their time. 早些时候,坦白说, 我的项目也就比计划提前一点完成了。
But since then, the park that was just a dump and was featured at a TED2006 Talk became this little thing. 在此之后, 这一片垃圾掩埋场-我在TED2006年的演讲中重点提到过它- 后来成了这个小公园。
dump:v.倾倒;抛售;抛弃;转存;n.垃圾场;转储;转存;废物堆;
But I did in fact get married in it. 我还在这里举行了婚礼呢。
Over here. 就在这里。
There goes my dog who led me to the park in my wedding. 我的狗正把我牵到婚礼举行的地点。
The South Bronx Greenway was also just a drawing on the stage back in 2006. 南布朗克斯绿化带 在2006年还只是图纸上的一幅画。
Greenway:n.园林路;林荫道路; on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员;
Since then, we got about 50 million dollars in stimulus package money to come and get here. 在那之后,我们得到了 将近五千万美元的一揽子刺激计划资金 来建设绿化带。
stimulus:n.刺激;激励;刺激物;
And we love this, because I love construction now, because we're watching these things actually happen. 我们很开心,我看到施工就很愉快, 应为我们能亲眼见证工程的发展。
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
So I want everyone to understand the critical importance of shifting charity into enterprise. 我希望大家看到 把公益事业转变为企业事业 是多么重要。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
I started my firm to help communities across the country realize their own potential to improve everything about the quality of life for their people. 我开办了自己的公司,就是为了帮助全国各地的社区 实践他们的自身潜力 从而进一步从方方面面提高人们的生活质量。
Home(town) security is next on my to-do list. “国土安全” 就是我的下一步行动。
to-do:n.要办的事;骚乱;大惊小怪;
What we need are people who see the value in investing in these types of local enterprises, who will partner with folks like me to identify the growth trends and climate adaptation as well as understand the growing social costs of business as usual . 我们需要吸引那些有慧眼的人 向这些类型的当地企业进行投资, 吸引那些愿意和我这样的人合作的伙伴 我们都力求找到发展的趋势,适应气候变化的要求, 并理解商业发展的社会成本 是不断增加的。
investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) adaptation:n.适应;改编;改编本,改写本; business as usual:na.照常营业;
We need to work together to embrace and repair our land, repair our power systems and repair ourselves. 我们必须齐心协力, 拥抱并修复我们的土地, 修复电力系统, 并进行自我反省。
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
It's time to stop building the shopping malls, the prisons, the stadiums and other tributes to all of our collective failures. 不要再为 商业广场,监狱, 体育馆, 和其它设施浪费钱了。
stadiums:n.体育馆;露天大型运动场(stadium的复数); tributes:n.献礼篇;供品;礼物(tribute的复数); collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
It is time that we start building living monuments to hope and possibility. 我们应该开始构筑 充满生气的希望长城。
monuments:n.遗迹;纪念物;不朽的功业;有永久价值的作品(monument的复数形式);
Thank you very much. 非常感谢大家。
(Applause) （热烈掌声）