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MagnusLarsson_2009G-_化沙丘为建筑_
It's a bit funny to be at a conference dedicated to things not seen, and present my proposal to build a 6,000-kilometer-long wall across the entire African continent . 能够来参加这次大会是件很有趣的事, 因为这是一个致力于还未出现的事物的会议, 而且我将呈现一个创意, 一个将可在非洲大陆上筑起全长 6000公里的城墙的建议。
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚; continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
About the size of the Great Wall of China, this would hardly be an invisible structure . 这就形同中国长城的规模, 因此它将成为令人难以忽视的建筑。
invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
And yet it's made from parts that are invisible, or near-invisible to the naked eye, bacteria and grains of sand. 然而构成它的部件却是不显眼的,或者说对肉眼几乎是不可见的, 那就是细菌和沙粒。
naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的; bacteria:n.[微]细菌; grains:n.谷物;颗粒;细粒;少量;一点儿;(grain的复数)
Now, as architects we're trained to solve problems. 如今,作为建筑师我们被教以解决问题。
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
But I don't really believe in architectural problems; 但是我不太相信建筑学上的问题,
architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的;
I only believe in opportunities. 我只相信机遇。
Which is why I'll show you a threat, and an architectural response . 这就是为什么我要向你们展现一个恶兆, 和一个建筑学上的回答。
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
The threat is desertification . 这个恶兆就是沙漠化。
desertification:n.(土壤)荒漠化;沙漠化(等于desertization);
My response is a sandstone wall made from bacteria and solidified sand, stretching across the desert. 而我的回答 是一条由细菌和固化沙粒建筑而成的城墙, 它将横穿整个沙漠。
sandstone:n.[岩]砂岩;沙岩; solidified:adj.凝固的;固化的,变硬的;v.凝固,团结(solidify的过去式和过去分词形式); stretching:v.拉长;撑大;有弹性;拉紧;拉直;(stretch的现在分词)
Now, sand is a magical material of beautiful contradictions . 在如今,沙子是一种不可思议的材料, 它充满着各种美丽的矛盾。
contradictions:n.不一致,矛盾,对立;反驳;驳斥;(contradiction的复数)
It is simple and complex . 它简单却又复杂。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
It is peaceful and violent . 和平却也暴力。
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的;
It is always the same, never the same, endlessly fascinating . 它虽为永恒却也无常, 它有着无穷尽的迷人魅力。
endlessly:adv.不断地;无穷尽地; fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
One billion grains of sand come into existence in the world each second. 这个世界,时时刻刻都有 成千上万的沙粒在产生。
That's a cyclical process . 那是一个循环过程。
cyclical:adj.周期的,循环的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
As rocks and mountains die, grains of sand are born. 岩石和山脉消逝之时, 沙粒于焉诞生。
Some of those grains may then cement naturally into sandstone. 一些沙粒随后又自然粘结形成岩石。
cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合; naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
And as the sandstone weathers, new grains break free. 随着岩石风化,新的沙粒形成。
Some of those grains may then accumulate on a massive scale , into a sand dune . 其中一些沙粒 会大规模积聚, 形成沙丘。
accumulate:vi.累积;积聚;vt.积攒; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; sand dune:un.沙丘;砂丘;沙垄;
In a way, the static , stone mountain becomes a moving mountain of sand. 从某种程度上来说,静态的岩石山脉 变成了移动的沙粒山脉。
static:adj.静止的; n.[物]静电(干扰);
But, moving mountains can be dangerous. Let me try and explain why. 但是,移动的山脉是危险的。我来试着解释一下原因。
Dry areas cover more than one third of the Earth's land surfaces. 地球表面超过三分之一的陆地处于干旱地区。
Some are already deserts; others are being seriously degraded by the sand. 其中一些是荒漠, 其它的则被沙完全覆盖。
degraded:adj.退化的; v.分解; (degrade的过去分词和过去式)
Just south of the Sahara we find the Sahel . 就在撒哈拉沙漠的南边我们发现了沙赫尔。
Sahel:n.荒漠草原;[气象]萨赫尔风(摩洛哥沙漠尘风);
The name means "edge of the desert." 这个名字的意思是“沙漠的边缘”。
And this is the region most closely associated with desertification. 这是和沙漠化联系最紧密的地区。
region:n.地区;范围;部位; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
It was here in the late '60s and early '70s that major droughts brought three million people to become dependent upon emergency food aid, with about up to 250,000 dying. 也就是在这,在六十年代晚期和七十年代早期, 干旱让三百万人民 只能依靠应急救援食品来生存, 并夺去了总计大约250000人的生命。
droughts:n.[气候]干旱(drought的复数);旱灾灾情; dependent upon:取决于; emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的;
This is a catastrophe waiting to happen again. 这样的大灾难正伺机卷土重来。
catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
And it's one that gets very little attention. 但它却很少受到人们的注意。
In our accelerated media culture, desertification is simply too slow to reach the headlines. 在我们日益加速的媒体文化中, 沙漠化是如此缓慢 而难以登上头版头条。
accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式) media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
It's nothing like a tsunami or a Katrina: too few crying children and smashed up houses. 它一点也不像海啸或卡特里娜（飓风）: 很少有哭泣的孩子和被摧毁的房屋。
tsunami:n.海啸; smashed:adj.大醉;v.打碎;(使)猛烈撞击;(用力)撞开;(smash的过去分词和过去式)
And yet desertification is a major threat on all continents , affecting some 110 countries and about 70 percent of the world's agricultural drylands . 然而,沙漠化 对所有国家都是一个主要的威胁。 大约110个国家 和全球70%左右的农用旱地都受其影响。
continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数); agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; drylands:[常用复数]旱谷地,谷底干沙地;
It seriously threatens the livelihoods of millions of people, and especially in Africa and China. 它严重地威胁了数以万计的人 的生计问题, 尤其是在非洲和中国。
livelihoods:n.赚钱謀生的手段;生计;(livelihood的复数) especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
And it is largely an issue that we've created for ourselves through unsustainable use of scarce resources . 很大程度上这个问题是我们人类自找的, 源于我们对稀有资源的滥用。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; unsustainable:adj.无法支撑的;不可证实的;不能成立的; scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
So, we get climate change. 为此,我们得到了气候变化。
We get droughts, increased desertification, crashing food systems, water scarcity , famine , forced migration , political instability , warfare , crisis . 我们得到了干旱, 日益严重的沙漠化、 食物系统崩溃、水资源短缺、 饥荒、被迫的移民、 政治动荡、战争和危机。
scarcity:n.不足;缺乏; famine:n.饥荒; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居; instability:n.不稳定(性);基础薄弱;不安定; warfare:n.战争;冲突; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
That's a potential scenario if we fail to take this seriously. 如果我们不严肃对待, 那一切的不幸将在现实上演。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本;
But, how far away is it? 那么,它现在离我们有多远呢？
I went to Sokoto in northern Nigeria to try and find out how far away it is. 我试着去尼日利亚南部的索科托州 寻找答案。
The dunes here move southward at a pace of around 600 meters a year. 这的沙丘以每年大约600米的速度向南移动。
dunes:n.[地理]沙丘(dune的复数); southward:adj.向南的;在南方的;adv.向南;n.朝南的方向;
That's the Sahara eating up almost one meter a day of the arable land, physically pushing people away from their homes. 撒哈拉沙漠每天几乎要吞噬掉一米的可耕地, 把人赶出他们的房屋。
arable:adj.适于耕种的;可开垦的;n.耕地;
Here I am -- I'm the second person on the left -- 我在这——左边第二个——
second person:n.第二人称;
(Laughter) （笑声）
with the elders in Gidan-Kara, a tiny village outside of Sokoto. 和Gidan-Kara的长老一起。 那是索科托州外的一个小村庄。
They had to move this village in 1987 as a huge dune threatened to swallow it. 1987年他们不得不搬离了这个村子, 因为一座巨大的沙丘正威胁着将它吞没。
swallow:v.吞下;咽下;吞没;相信;n.吞;咽;燕;一次吞咽的量;
So, they moved the entire village, hut by hut. 所以,他们一间屋子一间屋子地搬走了整个村庄。
hut:n.小屋;木屋;[军事]临时营房;[美俚]牢房;v.(使)住临时营房[小屋];
This is where the village used to be. 这是他们村子曾经所在的地方。
It took us about 10 minutes to climb up to the top of that dune. 爬到那座沙丘的顶部大约花掉了我们10分钟时间。
Which goes to show why they had to move to a safer location . 这说明了他们为什么不得不搬到一个更安全的地方。
location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
That's the kind of forced migration that desertification can lead to. 那就是沙漠化所导致的 被迫的迁移。
If you happen to live close to the desert border, you can pretty much calculate how long it will be before you have to carry your kids away, and abandon your home, and your life as you know it. 如果你碰巧住在离沙漠边界很近的地方, 你几乎能计算还有多久 你就得带着你的孩子离开, 遗弃你的房屋和生活,正如你所知道的。
abandon:n.狂热;放任;v.遗弃;放弃;
Now, sand dunes cover only about one fifth of our deserts. 现在,沙丘只覆盖了我们大约五分之一的荒漠。
And still, those extreme environments are very good places if we want to stop the shifting sands. 但是,如果我们想要阻止流沙的话 那些极端的环境会是很好的地方。
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
Four years ago, 23 African countries came together to create the Great Green Wall Sahara. 四年前,23个非洲国家 联合起来建造撒哈拉沙漠长城。
A fantastic project, the initial plan called for a shelter belt of trees to be planted right across the African continent, from Mauritania in the west, all the way to Djibouti in the east. 一个项不可思议的工程,它最初的计划 是种植一条西起毛里塔尼亚东至吉布提 贯穿非洲大陆的 防护林带。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于; belt:n.皮带;腰带;传动带;传送带;v.猛击;狠打;飞奔;飞驰;
If you want to stop a sand dune from moving what you need to make sure to do is to stop the grains from avalanching over its crest . 如果你想要停止沙丘移动 你就必须确保能够阻止沙粒 从沙丘顶部崩塌下来。
crest:n.[物]波峰;冠;山顶;顶饰;vi.到达绝顶;形成浪峰;
And a good way of doing that, the most efficient way, is to use some kind of sand catcher . 有一个很好的也是最有效的方法 就是用某种沙子捕手。
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; catcher:n.捕手,捕捉者;接球手;
Trees or cacti are good for this. 树或者仙人掌就不错。
cacti:n.[园艺]仙人掌(cactus的复数形式);
But, one of the problems with planting trees is that the people in these regions are so poor that they chop them down for firewood . 但是种树面临着一个问题, 那个地区的人太穷, 他们把树砍倒当柴火了。
regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) chop:v.砍;劈;切碎;剁碎;n.砍;劈;剁;猪(或羊等)排; firewood:n.柴火;木柴;
Now there is an alternative to just planting trees and hoping that they won't get chopped down. 现在,除了种树然后指望着它们别被砍掉 我们有了另一种选择。
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; chopped:v.切碎;剁碎;砍;劈;降低;取消;(chop的过去分词和过去式)
This sandstone wall that I'm proposing essentially does three things. 我所提倡的岩石长城从本质上做了三件事。
proposing:v.提议;建议;打算;计划;求婚;(propose的现在分词) essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
It adds roughness to the dune's surface, to the texture of the dune's surface, binding the grains. 它增加了沙丘表面纹理的粗糙度, 把沙粒粘结在一起。
roughness:n.粗糙(度);粗暴;猛烈;篷乱毛发;未加工; texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质; binding:v.结合; n.(书籍的)封皮; adj.必须遵守的; (bind的现在分词)
It provides a physical support structure for the trees, and it creates physical spaces, habitable spaces inside of the sand dunes. 它为树木的生存提供了物理支撑结构, 它还在沙丘的内部创造了 可供居住的空间。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; habitable:adj.可居住的;适于居住的;
If people live inside of the green barrier they can help support the trees, protect them from humans, and from some of the forces of nature. 如果人们居住在这道绿色的屏障内, 他们就能帮着照料这些树,保护它们免受人类 和一些自然力量的破坏。
barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
Inside of the dunes we find shade . 在沙丘里我们能找到阴凉的地方。
shade:n.阴凉处;色度;灯罩;背阴;v.给…遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把…涂暗;画阴影;
We can start harvesting condensation , and start greening the desert from within. 我们开始收获（沙粒的）凝结, 并开始从内部将沙漠绿化。
condensation:n.冷凝;凝结;压缩;
Sand dunes are almost like ready-made buildings in a way. 沙丘已经差不多有点像现成的建筑了,
ready-made:adj.现成的;做好的;陈旧的;平凡的;
All we need to do is solidify the parts that we need to be solid, and then excavate the sand, and we have our architecture . 我们需要做的只是固化所需的部分, 然后挖掘沙子, 构筑我们的建筑。
solidify:vt.团结;凝固;vi.团结;凝固; excavate:vt.挖掘;开凿;vi.发掘;细查; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
We can either excavate it by hand or we can have the wind excavate it for us. 我们既可以用手挖掘 也能让风来帮我们。
So, the wind carries the sand onto the site and then it carries the redundant sand away from the structure for us. 风把沙粒搬运上来 再把多余的沙从我们的建筑上搬走。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; redundant:adj.多余的,过剩的;被解雇的,失业的;冗长的,累赘的;
But, by now, you're probably asking how am I planning to solidify a sand dune? 但是,到现在,你们或许会问 我打算怎样把一座沙丘固化呢？
How do we glue those grains of sand together? 我们又怎样把沙粒粘合在一起？
glue:n.胶;胶水;v.粘贴;
And the answer is, perhaps, that you use these guys, 答案就是,或许,你可以用这些家伙,
Bacillus pasteurii, a micro-organism that is readily available in wetlands and marshes , and does precisely that. 巴氏芽孢杆菌, 一种能从湿地和沼泽中 轻松获取的微生物。
Bacillus:n.杆菌;芽孢杆菌;细菌; micro-organism:n.微生物; readily:adv.容易地;乐意地;无困难地; wetlands:n.湿地(wetland的复数形式);沼泽地;塘地; marshes:n.[地理]沼泽(marsh的复数);
It takes a pile of loose sand and it creates sandstone out of it. 它带着一堆疏松砂岩 并能用它们制造砂岩。
pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置; loose:adj.宽松的; v.释放; v.松散地; n.放纵;
These images from the American Society for Microbiology show us the process. 这些来自美国微生物学会的照片向我们展示了这一过程。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) Microbiology:n.微生物学;
What happens is, you pour Bacillus pasteurii onto a pile of sand, and it starts filling up the voids in between the grains. 所发生的是,你把巴氏芽孢杆菌倒在一堆沙上, 它开始填充沙粒间的间隙。
pour:v.倒; n.流出; (已熔金属的)一次浇注量; voids:n.空洞,孔洞; v.使无效;
A chemical process produces calcite , which is a kind of natural cement that binds the grains together. 由一个化学过程产生方解石, 方解石是一种天然的水泥, 能把沙粒粘结在一起。
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; calcite:n.[矿物]方解石; binds:v.约束;捆绑;系;装订;n.窘境;(binds是bind的第三人称单数)
The whole cementation process takes about 24 hours. 整个粘结过程大概需要24个小时。
I learned about this from a professor at U.C. Davis called Jason DeJong. 我从加州大学一个叫Jason DeJong的教授那里学到了这些。
He managed to do it in a mere 1,400 minutes. 他成功地在1400分钟里完成了这个实验。
mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘;
Here I am, playing the part of the mad scientist, working with the bugs at UCL in London, trying to solidify them. 在这,我扮演起了这位疯狂的科学家的角色, 和这个疯子一起在伦敦的伦敦大学学院工作, 尝试着固化它们。
bugs:n.缺陷;虫子;窃听器;(bug的复数)v.窃听;使烦恼;(bug的第三人称单数)
So, how much would this cost? 那么,这个项目要花费多少呢？
I'm not an economist, very much not, but I did, quite literally , a back of the envelope calculation -- 我一点也不像个经济学家, 但是,我做了一个——照字面来说的——封底运算……
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: envelope:n.信封,封皮;包膜;[天]包层;包迹;
(Laughter) （笑声）
- and it seems that for a cubic meter of concrete we would have to pay in the region of 90 dollars. 看起来一立方米粘结物 要耗费我们90美元左右。
cubic:adj.立方体的,立方的; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
And, after an initial cost of 60 bucks to buy the bacteria, which you'll never have to pay again, one cubic meter of bacterial sand would be about 11 dollars. 最初我们需要用60美元来买细菌, 之后你就不用再为细菌花钱了, 那样算下来的话一立方米带细菌的沙子 大约是11美元。
bucks:n.元;雄鹿;(buck的复数) bacterial:adj.[微]细菌的;
How do we construct something like this? 我们该怎么构建想这样的东西呢？
construct:v.建造;创建;建筑;修建;n.概念;构筑物;结构体;建造物;
Well, I'll quickly show you two options . 我这就为你们展示两种选择。
options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式)
The first is to create a kind of balloon structure, fill it with bacteria, then allow the sand to wash over the balloon, pop the balloon, as it were , disseminating the bacteria into the sand and solidifying it. 第一是创造一种气球一样的结构, 把它装满细菌,然后用沙子磨洗它, 冲击它,可以说就是把细菌散播进沙里去固化它。
as it were:可以说是,似乎就是;好像; disseminating:v.散布,传播(信息、知识等);(disseminate的现在分词) solidifying:n.固化;凝固;v.使凝固(solidify的ing形式);使团结;使充实;
Then, a few years afterwards, using permacultural strategies , we green that part of the desert. 等过几年, 从长远打算, 我们把那部分沙漠绿化。
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
The second alternative would be to use injection piles . 第二种选择是用喷桩。
injection:n.注射;大量资金的投入;(液体的)注入; piles:n.痔疮;痔;
So, we pushed the piles down through the dune, and we create an initial bacterial surface. 我们把喷桩插进沙丘里, 再创造一个原始的细菌表面。
We then pull the piles up through the dune and we're able to create almost any conceivable shape inside of the sand with the sand acting as a mold as we go up. 然后把这些喷桩从沙丘里拔出来。 以沙为模子, 我们几乎能在沙丘内部创造任何我们想要的形状。
conceivable:adj.可能的;想得到的,可想像的; mold:n.模具;模型;霉菌;类型;v.用可塑材料塑成;浇铸;发霉;
So, we have a way of turning sand into sandstone, and then creating these habitable spaces inside of the desert dunes, 所以,我们有了一个把沙变成砂岩的办法, 能在沙丘内部创造可居住的空间。
But, what should they look like? 但是,它们该是什么样子的呢？
Well, I was inspired , for my architectural form, by tafoni, which look a little bit like this, this is a model representation of it. 嗯,我的建筑形态让我有些激动,它是依靠风化形成的, 看起来有点像这样,这是它的一个模型。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) representation:n.表现;代表;描述;陈述
These are cavernous rock structures that I found on the site in Sokoto. 这些是我在索科托州建立的洞穴岩石结构。
cavernous:adj.似巨穴的;洞穴状的;凹状的;瓮声的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
And I realized that if I scaled them up, they would provide me good spatial qualities, for ventilation , for thermal comfort, and for other things. 我意识到如果我把它们像鱼鳞一样排列起来,它们就能为我提供 很好的空间质量, 无论是通风,温度还是其它事。
scaled:adj.有鳞的; v.刮去鳞片; spatial:adj.空间的;存在于空间的;受空间条件限制的; ventilation:n.通风设备;空气流通; thermal:adj.热的;热量的;保热的;n.上升的热气流;
Now, part of the formal control over this structure would be lost to nature, obviously, as the bacteria do their work. 现在,在正常控制范围内,这些结构的一部分 很明显会被自然侵蚀掉。 那些细菌起作用了。
formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服;
And I think this creates a kind of boundless beauty actually. 我想着确实是创造了一种无尽的美。
boundless:adj.无限的;无边无际的;
I think there is really something in that articulation that is quite nice. 在这里的确有一些东西 是非同凡响的。
articulation:n.关节;接合;清晰发音;
We see the result, the traces , if you like, of the Bacillus pasteurii being harnessed to sculpt the desert into these habitable environments. 我们看到了用巴氏芽孢杆菌来把沙漠 雕刻成人间乐土的结果, 如果你喜欢,也可以说是痕迹。
traces:v.跟踪;探索;n.痕迹;踪迹;(trace的复数和第三人单数) harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词) sculpt:vt.造型;雕刻;vi.造型;雕刻;n.雕刻品;
Some people believe that this would spread uncontrollably , and that the bacteria would kill everything in its way. 有人担心 这种传播会不会不受控制, 那些细菌会杀死它们碰到的任何东西。
uncontrollably:adv.控制不住地;
That's not true at all. 那绝对是错误的。
It's a natural process. It goes on in nature today. 这是一个自然过程。它现在也在自然界中进行着。
and the bacteria die as soon as we stop feeding them. 一旦我们停止喂养细菌,它们就会死去。
as soon as:一…就;
So, there it is -- architectural antidesertification structures made from the desert itself. 所以,这些是—— 用沙漠本身建造的 建筑学上的抵抗沙漠化结构。
Sand-stopping devices , made from sand. 来自于沙的阻止沙前进的设备。
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
The world is likely to lose one third of its arable land by the end of the century. 到本世纪末,全世界有可能失去 三分之一的可耕地。
In a period of unprecedented population growth and increased food demands, this could prove disastrous . 在人口数量空前飞涨 食物需求日益增加的时期,这几乎是个灾难。
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; disastrous:adj.灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的;
And quite frankly, we're putting our heads in the sand. 坦白说我们正把目光投向沙漠。
If nothing else, I would like for this scheme to initiate a discussion. 如果没有什么其它的事,我想为这个计划开始一个讨论。
scheme:n.计划;方案;体系;体制;阴谋;v.密谋;图谋;想;认为; initiate:vt.开始,创始; n.开始; adj.新加入的;
But, if I had something like a TED wish, it would be to actually get it built, to start building this habitable wall, this very very long, but very narrow city in the desert, built into the dunescape itself. 但是,如果要我在TED许一个愿, 我希望它能被切实地建造起来, 开始建造这条可以居住的长城, 这座很长很长,但却很窄的沙漠之城, 建在沙丘自己体内。
narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分;
It's not only something that supports trees, but something that connects people and countries together. 它不仅能承载树木, 更能将人和各个国家联系在一起。
I would like to conclude by showing you an animation of the structure, and leave you with a sentence by Jorge Luis Borges. 最后,我想给你们展示一个这个结构的动画, 并送给你们一句博尔赫斯的话。
conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定) animation:n.活泼,生气;激励;卡通片绘制;
Borges said that, "Nothing is built on stone, everything is built on sand, but we must build as if the sand were stone" 博尔赫斯说:“没有什么是建筑在岩石上, 任何东西都建于沙子之上的, 但我们必须把沙子当作石头来建筑。”
Now, there are many details left to explore in this scheme, political, practical , ethical , financial . 现在,这个计划的许多细节还有待进一步研究, 有政治的,实用性的,道德的,经济的。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险: practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
My design, as it takes you down the rabbit hole, is fraught with many challenges and difficulties in the real world. 我的设计——将带领你们深入“兔窝”—— 在现实中充满了 困难和挑战。
fraught:adj.担心的,忧虑的;充满…的;
But, it's a beginning, it's a vision . 但是,这只是一个开始,一个展望。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
As Borges would have it, it's the sand. 如博尔赫斯所说,这是沙子。
And I think now is really the time to turn it into stone. Thank you. 我想,现在是把沙子 变成岩石的时候了。谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）