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LordNicholasStern_2014S-_气候形势—我们能为之做什么_
We are at a remarkable moment in time. 我们现在正处于一个不凡的时代。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
We face over the next two decades two fundamental transformations that will determine whether the next 100 years is the best of centuries or the worst of centuries. 在未来的 20 年 将面对二个重大的转变 这二个转变,将决定未来的 100 年, 是最好的世纪,还是最坏的世纪。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; transformations:n.[晶体]转变(transformation的复数形式);转换; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排;
Let me illustrate with an example. 我来举个例子让你了解,
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
I first visited Beijing 25 years ago to teach at the People's University of China. 我在 25 年前第一次造访北京 在中国人民大学教书。
China was getting serious about market economics and about university education, so they decided to call in the foreign experts. 在大学教育学程里, 中国渐渐重视市场经济状况, 所以他们决定寻求国外专家。
Like most other people, 像其他大多数人一样,
I moved around Beijing by bicycle. 我骑着脚踏车逛北京市区。
Apart from dodging the occasional vehicle , it was a safe and easy way to get around . 除了闪躲少数的车辆外, 在这里闲逛既安全又简单。
dodging:v.闪开;躲开;避开;(dodge的现在分词) occasional:adj.偶然的;临时的;特殊场合的; vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; get around:到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局面;
Cycling in Beijing now is a completely different prospect . 现在在北京骑脚踏车 已经不再有相同的光景。
prospect:n.展望;前景;希望;前途;v.勘探;探矿;
The roads are jammed by cars and trucks. 马路挤满汽车、卡车。
The air is dangerously polluted from the burning of coal and diesel . 燃烧煤炭和柴油 空气受到严重污染。
dangerously:adv.危险地;不安全; diesel:n.柴油机;柴油;柴油车;内燃机车
When I was there last in the spring, there was an advisory for people of my age — to stay indoors and not move much. 去年春天我住在北京时, 有一则建议是:像我这个年纪的人, 最好待在室内,不要到处走。
advisory:adj.咨询的;顾问的;劝告的;n.报告;公告; indoors:adv.在室内,在户内;
How did this come about? 怎么会变成这样？
It came from the way in which 这是因为
Beijing has grown as a city. 北京已经发展成为一个大城市。
It's doubled over those 25 years, more than doubled, from 10 million to 20 million. 这 25 年来,人口数超过双倍的成长, 从 1,000 万人,成长为 2,000 万人。
It's become a sprawling urban area dependent on dirty fuel, dirty energy, particularly coal. 北京成为一个无扩展计划的都会区, 仰赖造成污染的燃料、能源, 尤其是煤炭。
sprawling:adj.蔓生的,不规则地伸展的; v.(手脚)不自然地伸开; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; dependent on:依赖于;依靠; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
China burns half the world's coal each year, and that's why, it is a key reason why, it is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases. 每年,中国消耗世界用量一半的煤炭, 这就是造成污染的主要原因了, 这里是世界上最大的 温室气体排放区。
emitter:n.发射器,发射体; greenhouse:n.温室;暖房;
At the same time , we have to recognize that in that period China has grown remarkably . 同时,我们也知道 中国在这段时间有惊人的成长,
At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; remarkably:adv.非常;极为;格外;出乎意料地
It has become the world's second largest economy . 成为世界第二大经济体,
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
Hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty . 数以亿计的人 已脱离贫困。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
That's really important. 这是相当重要的因素,
But at the same time, the people of China are asking the question: 同时, 中国人民问了一个问题:
What's the value of this growth if our cities are unlivable ? 如果我们的环境不适合人们居住, 那么,经济成长又带给我们什么好处？
unlivable:adj.不适宜于居住的;
They've analyzed , diagnosed that this is an unsustainable path of growth and development. 透过种种的分析与诊断, 这种经济快速成长的脚步 无法长久持续下去。
analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨; diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) unsustainable:adj.无法支撑的;不可证实的;不能成立的;
China's planning to scale back coal. 中国正在计画减少煤炭的使用量,
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
It's looking to build its cities in different ways. 寻找以不同的方式来建立属于自己的城市,
Now, the growth of China is part of a dramatic change, fundamental change, in the structure of the world economy. 现在,成长的中国 在世界经济结构中, 产生了戏剧性且重大的变化,
dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
Just 25 years ago, the developing countries, the poorer countries of the world, were, notwithstanding being the vast majority of the people, they accounted for only about a third of the world's output . 25 年前,世界上发展中的国家, 贫穷的国家, 尽管这些国家的人民占大多数, 但这些人的产出 只占世界总产出的 1/3。
notwithstanding:adv.尽管,仍然;prep.尽管,虽然;conj.虽然; majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: output:n.(人、机器、机构的)产量;输出;输出功率;输出量;v.输出;
Now it's more than half; 25 years from now, it will probably be two thirds from the countries that we saw 25 years ago as developing. 现在这个数字已经超过一半; 25 年后,这些在 25 年前被我们称为 发展中国家的产出 将达到世界产出的 2/3。
That's a remarkable change. 这是个惊人的成长幅度,
It means that most countries around the world, rich or poor, are going to be facing the two fundamental transformations that I want to talk about and highlight . 也就是说,世界上大部分的国家, 不论富有或贫穷, 正面临二个重要的转变, 这是今天我要向各位说明及强调的。
highlight:vt.突出;强调;使显著;加亮;n.最精彩的部分;最重要的事情;加亮区;
Now, the first of these transformations is the basic structural change of the economies and societies that I've already begun to illustrate through the description of Beijing. 第一个转变 是经济及社会 基础结构的改变 如我刚刚所提到的, 北京的这个例子。
structural:adj.结构的;建筑的; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) description:n.说明;形容;描写(文字);类型;
Fifty percent now in urban areas. 50% 是城市地区了,
That's going to go to 70 percent in 2050. 在 2050 年,这个数据将提高到 70%。
Over the next two decades, we'll see the demand for energy rise by 40 percent, and the growth in the economy and in the population is putting increasing pressure on our land, on our water and on our forests. 在接下来的 20 年,我们将看到, 人类对能源的需求,将提高 40%, 经济及人口的成长, 对于土地资源、水资源、森林资源来说 将产生更大的压力,
This is profound structural change. 这结构的改变影响非常深远,
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
If we manage it in a negligent or a shortsighted way, we will create waste, pollution, congestion , destruction of land and forests. 如果我们忽视不予理会, 或目光短浅, 我们珍贵的土地及森林, 将陷入浪费、污染、破坏、拥挤等问题。
negligent:adj.疏忽的;粗心大意的; shortsighted:adj.目光短浅的;近视的; congestion:n.拥挤;拥塞;充血; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
If we think of those three areas that I have illustrated with my numbers — cities, energy, land — if we manage all that badly, then the outlook for the lives and livelihoods of the people around the world would be poor and damaged. 如果我们对于我一再阐述的 城市、能源、土地这三个方面 处理不当, 那么全世界的人类 在生活及生计上, 将会更加贫穷及受到损害。
illustrated:v.加插图于;给(书等)做图表;说明,解释;(illustrate的过去分词和过去式) outlook:n.见解;前景;人生观;可能性; livelihoods:n.赚钱謀生的手段;生计;(livelihood的复数)
And more than that, the emissions of greenhouse gases would rise, with immense risks to our climate. 更重要的是, 这会增加温室气体排放到大气层的量, 对气候造成相当大危害。
emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的;
Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are already higher than they've been for millions of years. 大气中 温室气体的浓度 已经高于百万年来所累积的量,
Concentrations:n.关注点;[土壤]浓聚物(concentration的复数); atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格;
If we go on increasing those concentrations, we risk temperatures over the next century or so that we have not seen on this planet for tens of millions of years. 如果我们继续增加温室气体的浓度, 下一世纪左右地球增温的风险, 将是我们千万年来 在地球上前所未见的。
We've been around as Homo sapiens — that's a rather generous definition , sapiens — for perhaps a quarter of a million years, a quarter of a million. 我们身为所谓的现代人, 现代人是一个相当宽广的定义。 已经存在了大约 25 万年,25 万年。
Homo sapiens:n.智人(现代人类); generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
We risk temperatures we haven't seen for tens of millions of years over a century. 然而我们在这一世纪增温的风险,
That would transform the relationship between human beings and the planet. 人类与地球的关系 会因此改变。
It would lead to changing deserts, changing rivers, changing patterns of hurricanes , changing sea levels, hundreds of millions of people, perhaps billions of people who would have to move, and if we've learned anything from history, that means severe and extended conflict . 暖化导致改变沙漠, 改变河流,改变颶风的形成, 改变海平面, 数亿人, 甚至上兆的人必需迁移, 如果我们以史为镜, 就知道这代表严重及持续的冲突,
hurricanes:n.[气象]飓风(hurricane的复数); severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
And we couldn't just turn it off. 而且我们无法停止其发生。
You can't make a peace treaty with the planet. 你无法与地球签订和平条约,
treaty:n.条约,协议;谈判;
You can't negotiate with the laws of physics. 无法与物理定律协商谈判。
negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过;
You're in there. You're stuck. 你住在地球上,没有选择的余地。
Those are the stakes we're playing for, and that's why we have to make this second transformation, the climate transformation, and move to a low-carbon economy. 这就是我们玩的赌注, 这也是为什么,我们要有第二种转变, 气候的转变, 转到低碳经济,
stakes:n.桩; v.以…打赌,拿…冒险; low-carbon:adj.低碳(的),含碳低的;低碳;
Now, the first of these transformations is going to happen anyway. 现在,第一种转变 已然发生,
We have to decide whether to do it well or badly, the economic , or structural, transformation. 我们得判断要不要把它做好, 就是经济或结构的转变。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
But the second of the transformations, the climate transformations, we have to decide to do. 但是第二种转变, 气候转变的问题,我们必须下定决心去做。
Those two transformations face us in the next two decades. 这是我们未来的 20 年 要面对的两个转变,
The next two decades are decisive for what we have to do. 未来的 20 年,是判断我们 要做什么的关键时刻。
decisive:adj.决定性的;果断的,坚定的;
Now, the more I've thought about this, the two transformations coming together, the more I've come to realize that this is an enormous opportunity. 除此之外,我还想到 把这两个转变结合在一起, 我了解越多, 越是认为这是一个大机会,
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
It's an opportunity which we can use or it's an opportunity which we can lose. 它是我们可以善加利用的机会, 或是错过这个良机。
And let me explain through those three key areas that I've identified : cities, energy and land. 我透过城市、能源、土地三方面, 来向各位说明,
identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词)
And let me start with cities. 首先从城市开始,
I've already described the problems of Beijing: pollution, congestion, waste and so on. 我已针对北京的问题作了说明, 例如:污染、拥挤、废料等问题,
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
Surely we recognize that in many of our cities around the world. 可以确定的是这个问题存在于 世界上的许多城市。
Now, with cities, like life but particularly cities, you have to think ahead. 城市,就像生涯一般, 你必须事先想清楚,
The cities that are going to be built — and there are many, and many big ones — we have to think of how to design them in a compact way so we can save travel time and we can save energy. 尚未建造的城市, 有很多大城市正在规划中, 我们必须事先设计, 以简洁的方式来设计城市 以建造一个可以节省行程,节省能源的城市。
compact:n.合同,契约;小粉盒;adj.紧凑的,紧密的;简洁的;vt.使简洁;使紧密结合;
The cities that already are there, well established , we have to think about renewal and investment in them so that we can connect ourselves much better within those cities, and make it easier, encourage more people, to live closer to the center. 而已被建造的城市,生根似地矗立着的, 我们必需思考重建、投入时间及金钱在城市上, 使我们在城市里, 交通更便捷,更容易连结, 鼓励更多人居住在市中心附近。
well established:adj.得到确认的; v.已确立起来; (well-establish的过去分词); renewal:n.更新,恢复;复兴;补充;革新;续借;重申; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
We've got examples building around the world of the kinds of ways in which we can do that. 世界上,以此方法建造的都市中, 有一个实例证明我们办得到。
The bus rapid transport system in Bogotá in Colombia is a very important case of how to move around safely and quickly in a non-polluting way in a city: very frequent buses, 哥伦比亚波哥大的巴士捷运系统 对如何以不污染,安全又快速的方式 在城市里移动,是非常重要的实例。
move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转; frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处);
strongly protected routes , the same service, really, as an underground railway system, but much, much cheaper and can be done much more quickly, a brilliant idea in many more cities around the world that's developing. 强烈保护的行驶路线,真的, 就像地下铁路系统一般, 但比地铁相对便宜很多, 而且更容易建造, 这个好点子,可以给 许多发展中国家的城市当参考。
routes:n.路线;途径;路途;渠道;v.按某路线发送;(route的第三人称单数和复数)
Now, some things in cities do take time. 城市里,有些事做起来费时,
Some things in cities can happen much more quickly. 有些事可以快速得到结果。
Take my hometown, London. 以我的家乡,伦敦来说,
In 1952, smog in London killed 4,000 people and badly damaged the lives of many, many more. 在 1952 年,有 4,000 人死于烟雾 严重危及许多人的生命安全,
And it happened all the time. 烟雾的现象一直存在。
For those of you live outside London in the U.K. 那些住在伦敦郊区的人
will remember it used to be called The Smoke. 对以往大烟印象非常深刻,
That's the way London was. 这是大家所认识的以前的伦敦,
By regulating coal, within a few years the problems of smog were rapidly reduced. 最近这几年来,藉由管制煤炭的使用量, 烟雾的问题已快速地减少。
regulating:vt.调节;校正(regulate的现在分词);
I remember the smogs well. 我对烟雾的印象非常深刻。
smogs:n.烟雾;
When the visibility dropped to [less] than a few meters, they stopped the buses and I had to walk. 当能见度 低于数公尺, 公车会停驶,而我必须走路回家。
visibility:n.可见性;能见度;能见距离
This was the 1950s. 这是 1950 年代的伦敦。
I had to walk home three miles from school. 我必须从学校走三英里路回家。
Again, breathing was a hazardous activity. 况且,吸入这些烟雾对身体有害。
hazardous:adj.有危险的;冒险的;碰运气的;
But it was changed. It was changed by a decision. 但是这个情况已改变,被一个决策所改变,
Good decisions can bring good results, striking results, quickly. 好的决策带来好的结果, 快速产生惊人的结果。
We've seen more: In London, we've introduced the congestion charge , actually quite quickly and effectively, and we've seen great improvements in the bus system, and cleaned up the bus system. 我们也知道另一件事,进伦敦市区要付入城费以避免塞车, 实行这个制度后,结果是既快速又有效率, 在巴士运输系统及巴士清洁系统 我们已看到很大的进步。
congestion charge:n.交通拥塞费; improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数)
You can see that the two transformations I've described, the structural and the climate, come very much together. 从这里你可以了解我所描述的这二个转变, 即城市结构和气候的问题, 是交互产生,
But we have to invest. We have to invest in our cities, and we have to invest wisely, and if we do, we'll see cleaner cities, quieter cities, safer cities, more attractive cities, more productive cities, and stronger community in those cities — public transport , recycling , reusing, all sorts of things that bring communities together. 我们必须投资,投资在我们居住的城市, 而且是有智慧的投资,如果我们这么做, 我们将会看到更干净、更安静、更安全、 更迷人、更有生产力的城市, 城市间有更强的社区连结　－ 各式各样的系统,将社区连结起来。
attractive:adj.吸引人的;有魅力的;引人注目的; productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; public transport:n.公共交通;公交车辆; recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
We can do that, but we have to think, we have to invest, we have to plan. 我们可以这么做,但是我们必须思考, 我们必须投入,必须规划,
Let me turn to energy. 再来看能源。
Now, energy over the last 25 years has increased by about 50 percent. 能源的消耗在过去 25 年, 增加了 50%。
Eighty percent of that comes from fossil fuels. 这当中,石化燃料的消耗量占 80%
fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的;
Over the next 20 years, perhaps it will increase by another 40 percent or so. 往后的 20 年, 石化能源的消耗量,或许会再增加约 40%。
We have to invest strongly in energy, we have to use it much more efficiently , and we have to make it clean. 我们必须大力投资于能源, 让能源的使用更有效率, 我们也必须有干净的能源。
efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式);
We can see how to do that. 我们很清楚该如何做,
Take the example of California. 就以加州来说,
It would be in the top 10 countries in the world if it was independent . 如果加州独立, 会是世界上前 10 大的国家。
independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等);
I don't want to start any — 我并不想引发任何政治辩论——
(Laughter) （笑声）
California's a big place. 加州有广大的土地。（注:有政客在加州提议分裂）
(Laughter)
In the next five or six years, they will likely move from around 20 percent in renewables — wind, solar and so on — to over 33 percent, and that would bring California back to greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 to where they were in 1990, a period when the economy in California would more or less have doubled. 在之后 5 年或 6 年, 加州的风力、太阳能等 再生能源, 将由原来的 20% 提高到 33% 以上, 这会使加州于 2020 年的 温室气体排放量 降到 1990 年时的量, 而这段期间,加州的经济 大约有 2 倍的成长,
renewables:n.可再生能源(renewable的复数); greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); more or less:或多或少;
That's a striking achievement. 那是很惊人的成就。
It shows what can be done. 再再显示,这可以达成。
Not just California — the incoming government of India is planning to get solar technology to light up the homes of 400 million people who don't have electricity in India. 不仅是加州,新任印度政府也正在规划 使用太阳能科技 以点亮 没有电力可使用的 4 亿印度人口的家。
incoming:n.进来;收入;adj.新当选的;新任的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
They've set themselves a target of five years. 他们设定 5 年的目标,
I think they've got a good chance of doing that. 我想印度极有可能达到这个目标。
We'll see, but what you're seeing now is people moving much more quickly. 我们等着瞧,但你现在看到的是 人们行动的速度比以前快。
Four hundred million, more than the population of the United States. 4 亿印度人, 比美国人口还多,
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
Those are the kinds of ambitions now people are setting themselves in terms of rapidity of change. 他们野心勃勃 就快速变化而言, 印度人已准备好接受挑战。
ambitions:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;(ambition的复数) rapidity:n.迅速,急速;速度;险峻;
Again, you can see good decisions can bring quick results, and those two transformations, the economy and the structure and the climate and the low carbon, are intimately intertwined . 除此之外,你可看到 好的决策,可以快速产生结果, 而这二个转变,经济与城市结构, 气候与低碳, 相互交织,相互影响。
intimately:adv.熟悉地;亲切地;私下地; intertwined:adj.缠绕的;错综复杂的;v.使缠结,缠绕(intertwine的过去式);
Do the first one well, the structural, the second one on the climate becomes much easier. 把第一个,也就是城市结构做好, 那第二个要转变气候, 就会变得更加容易。
Look at land, land and particularly forests. 看看土地, 特别是森林。
Forests are the hosts to valuable plant and animal species . 森林是 珍贵希有植物及各类动物的家。
hosts:n.主人; v.主办,主持(活动); (host的第三人称单数和复数) valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
They hold water in the soil and they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, fundamental to the tackling of climate change. 森林可以保持水土 减少大气层的二氧化碳, 是解决气候变迁的基础。
hold water:站得住脚;合情合理;说得通;能盛水; carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词);
But we're losing our forests. 但我们正渐渐失去森林,
In the last decade, we've lost a forest area the size of Portugal, and much more has been degraded . 过去 10 年, 而许多森林已受到破坏。
degraded:adj.退化的; v.分解; (degrade的过去分词和过去式)
But we're already seeing that we can do so much about that. 我们已经了解 我们可以为森林做许多事。
We can recognize the problem, but we can also understand how to tackle it. 我们了解问题所在,同时也了解 如何去解决这个问题。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
In Brazil , the rate of deforestation has been reduced by 70 percent over the last 10 years. 在巴西,过去 10 年, 森林砍伐率 已减少了 70%
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); deforestation:n.采伐森林;森林开伐;
How? By involving local communities, investing in their agriculture and their economies, by monitoring more carefully, by enforcing the law more strictly. 巴西人是如何做到的？他们结合当地居民, 在投资于农業及经济时, 更加小心地谨慎地控管, 及更严格地执法。
involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词) investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) enforcing:v.强制执行;强迫;迫使;(enforce的现在分词)
And it's not just stopping deforestation. 不仅是禁止砍伐森林而已。
That's of course of first and fundamental importance, but it's also regrading degraded land, regenerating , rehabilitating degraded land. 这当然是当务之急,也是基本原则, 并且使已退化的土地再生, 让退化的土地重建、复原。
regenerating:v.再生(regenerate的ing形式);改革;使恢复原状; rehabilitating:v.使康复;使恢复正常;恢复…的名誉;恢复原状;(rehabilitate的现在分词)
I first went to Ethiopia in 1967. 我于 1967 年第一次到伊索比亚,
Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚;
It was desperately poor. In the following years, it suffered devastating famines and profoundly destructive social conflict. 人民极为贫困。在接下来的几年里, 人民饱受饥荒之苦, 及严重性的社会冲突。
desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地; devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) famines:n.饥荒;饥饿,奇缺; profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的;
Over the last few years, actually more than a few, 在过去的几年中,其实不只几年,
Ethiopia has been growing much more rapidly.
It has ambitions to be a middle-income country 15 years from now and to be carbon neutral . 在未年的 15 年有野心 成为中等收入的国家, 并成为碳中和的国家。
middle-income:adj.中等收入的; neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的;
Again, I think it's a strong ambition but it is a plausible one. 我想这的确是一个很大的目标, 却是可以实现的。
plausible:adj.貌似可信的,花言巧语的;貌似真实的,貌似有理的;
You're seeing that commitment there. 因为达成目标的承诺就在你眼前。
commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
You're seeing what can be done. 你知道什么事会被实践。
Ethiopia is investing in clean energy. 因为伊索比亚投入清洁能源。
It's working in the rehabilitation of land. 他们投入土地复原的工作。
rehabilitation:n.康复;恢复;善后;平反;复权;
In Humbo, in southwest Ethiopia, a wonderful project to plant trees on degraded land and work with local communities on sustainable forest management has led to big increases in living standards . 他们在伊索比亚西南部的洪堡 成位一个非常好的专案, 在退化的土地上种树, 与当地居民一起从事 永续森林管理的工作, 如此一来,大大提高人民生活水准。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
So we can see, from Beijing to London, from California to India, from Brazil to Ethiopia, we do understand how to manage those two transformations, the structural and the climate. 我们可以看到,从北京到伦敦, 从加州到印度, 从巴西到伊索比亚, 我们确实明白 如何管理这二个转变, 即城市结构及气候。
We do understand how to manage those well. 我们的确知道如何好好管理。
And technology is changing very rapidly. 科技技术日新月异,
I don't have to list all those things to an audience like this, but you can see the electric cars, you can see the batteries using new materials. 我不需向你们 一一列举, 以电动车来说, 使用新材料做电池。
batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数)
You can see that we can manage remotely now our household appliances on our mobile phones when we're away. 当你不在家, 可以用手机遥控家电用品。
remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地; household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的; appliances:n.(家用)电器,器具;(appliance的复数) mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
You can see better insulation . 你可看到有更好的绝缘材料问市。
insulation:n.绝缘;隔离,孤立;
And there's much more coming. 更多的科技产品上市。
But, and it's a big but, the world as a whole is moving far too slowly. 但是,我要强调但是, 这整个世界 往前迈进的速度太慢。
as a whole:总的来说;
We're not cutting emissions in the way we should. 我们并没有用对的方法减少温室气体的排放量,
in the way:妨碍;挡道;
We're not managing those structural transformations as we can. 我们也没有用我们能做的方法 去转变城市结构。
The depth of understanding of the immense risks of climate change are not there yet. 人们尚未深刻了解, 气候变迁的巨大风险。
The depth of understanding of the attractiveness of what we can do is not there yet. 也尚未深刻了解 我们做这些对我们 有什么好处。
attractiveness:n.吸引力;迷惑力;
We need political pressure to build. 我们要建立政治影响力。
We need leaders to step up. 需要领导者建立机制。
We can have better growth, better climate, a better world. 我们会有更好的发展、 更好的气候、更美好的世界。
We can make, by managing those two transformations well, the next 100 years the best of centuries. 我们肯定做得到, 要把这二个转变管理好 使下一个 100 年,成为最好的世纪。
If we make a mess of it, we, you and me, if we make a mess of it, if we don't manage those transformations properly, it will be, the next 100 years will be the worst of centuries. 如果我们把它搞砸了, 我们,包括你和我,搞砸了这件事, 没有把这二个转变管理好, 那么,未来的 100 年, 将会是最惨的世纪。
mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
That's the major conclusion of the report on the economy and climate chaired by ex-President Felipe Calderón of Mexico, and I co-chaired that with him, and we handed that report yesterday here in New York, in the United Nations Building to the Secretary-General of the U.N., 以上是经济和气候 主要研究结果的报告, 由前墨西哥总统费利佩·卡尔德龙 和我共同主持的会议中提出, 昨天在纽约的联合国大厦 提出该报告给 联合国秘书长
conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论; ex-President:n.前任总统; co-chaired:共同主持; United Nations:n.联合国; Secretary-General:n.秘书长;总书记;
Ban Ki-moon. 潘基文。
We know that we can do this. 我们知道我们可以这么做。
Now, two weeks ago, 二周以前,
I became a grandfather for the fourth time. 我的第 4 个孙子出生了,
(Baby cries) (Laughter) (Applause) — （婴儿哭声）（笑声）（掌声）
Our daughter gave birth to Rosa here in New York two weeks ago. Here are Helen and Rosa. 二周以前,我女儿在纽约生下罗莎。 这是海伦和罗莎。
(Applause) （掌声）
Two weeks old. 出生二周的孙子。
Are we going to look our grandchildren in the eye and tell them that we understood the issues , that we recognized the dangers and the opportunities, and still we failed to act? 难道我们要看着孙子的眼睛, 然后告诉孙子们,我们已明白这些问题, 也了解危险及机会, 却不身体力行？
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
Surely not. Let's make the next 100 years the best of centuries. 当然不会,让我们的下一个 100 年 成为最好的世纪。
(Applause) （掌声）