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LloydPendleton_2016P-_解决街友问题的「住屋优先」法_
What do you think would happen if you invited an individual who had been living on the street for many years, had mental health issues and was an alcoholic to move directly from the street into housing? 想想下面这个状况: 如果你们邀请一个多年来 住在街头、 有心理健康问题, 且酗过酒的人, 直接从街头搬入住宅中, 会发生什么事？
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) alcoholic:adj.酒精的,含酒精的;n.酒鬼,酗酒者; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
We had heard this was being done in New York City, and it was called the Housing First model. 我们听说纽约市已经这么做过, 它被称为「住屋优先」模型。
We wondered if it would work in Utah . 我们很好奇这在犹他州是否可行。
Utah:n.美国犹他州;
So to make that determination , we decided to create a pilot, and Keta was one of the 17 chronically homeless individuals we included in this pilot. 为了要确认这件事, 我们决定做一个试验, 琦塔是我们选来进行 这个试验的十七位长期 无家可归者之一。
determination:n.测定;确定;决心;计算; chronically:adv.长期地;慢性地;习惯性地; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
She had been on the street for 20-plus years, had mental health issues and was a severe alcoholic. 她已流落街头二十多年, 有心理健康问题, 且是重度酒鬼。
severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的;
The first night in her apartment, she put her belongings on the bed and slept on the floor. 她住进公寓的第一晚, 她把家当都放在床上, 自己则睡在地上。
belongings:n.[经]财产,所有物;亲戚;
The next three nights, she slept out by the dumpster near the apartment building. 接下来的三个晚上,她睡在外面, 公寓附近的垃圾箱旁边。
dumpster:n.大型垃圾装卸卡车;垃圾大铁桶;
With the aid of her case manager, she moved back into her apartment but continued to sleep on the floor for several nights. 在她的个案经理协助之下, 她搬回了她的公寓, 但还是在地上睡了好几个晚上。
It took over two weeks for her to develop enough trust and confidence that this apartment was hers and would not be taken away from her before she would start sleeping in the bed. 她花了超过两周的时间, 才发展出足够的信任和信心, 相信这个公寓是她的, 且不会被夺去, 她才开始睡在床上。
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
Homelessness is a continuing challenge for many cities throughout our country. 对我们全国的许多城市而言, 街友一直是个挑战。
Homelessness:n.无家可归; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
Our homeless population falls into three major categories : those that are temporarily homeless, about 75 percent; those that are episodically homeless, about 10 percent; and those that are chronically homeless, about 15 percent. 我们的街友人口主要可以分为三种: 暂时无家可归的人, 大约占 75%; 不定期无家可归的人, 大约占 10%; 以及长期无家可归的人, 大约占 15%。
categories:n.(人或事物的)类别,种类(category的复数) temporarily:adv.临时地,临时; episodically:偶发地;在那时候穿插地;
Chronic homelessness is defined as an unaccompanied adult who has been continuously homeless for a year or more or more than four times homeless in three years that totals 365 days. 长期无家可归的定义, 是无人陪伴的成年人 持续无家可归一年以上, 或是在三年间有超过四次无家可归, 且总天数超过 365 天。
defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; unaccompanied:adj.无伴奏的;无伴侣的;无伴随的; continuously:adv.连续不断地;
This small 15 percent of the homeless population can consume 50 to 60 percent of the homeless resources available in a community . 这少数的 15% 街友人口, 可以消耗掉社区街友资源的50%~60%。
consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
In addition , they can cost the community 20,000 to 45,000 dollars a year per person in emergency services costs, such as EMT runs, emergency room visits, as many of you will be aware, addictions , interactions with the police, jail time. 此外,他们每年每人需要社区 花费两万到四万五千美元的 紧急服务成本, 比如急诊医疗队出勤、 进急诊室,就像在座很多人知道的, 毒瘾、和警察的互动、 坐牢服刑。
addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; emergency services:n.应急服务机构(治安、消防、救护和海岸警卫); emergency room:n.急诊室; addictions:成瘾; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
Simply put, this small population costs a lot. 简言之,这一小群人花不少钱。
Based on this reality, the US government began an initiative in 2003 inviting states and cities and counties to develop a plan to end chronic homelessness in a 10-year period. 根据这个现实状况,美国政府 在 2003 年开始了一项方案, 邀请州、城市、郡一起加入, 发展一个十年计画 来终结长期街友的问题。
initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; counties:n.郡,县;(county的复数)
The state of Utah accepted this invitation , and I was asked to lead this effort. 犹他州接受了这项邀请, 并找我来领导这项工作。
invitation:n.邀请,引诱
In 2005, we approved a 10-year plan, and 10 years later, in 2015, we reported a reduction in our chronic homeless population of 91 percent statewide . 在 2005 年, 我们核准了一个十年计画, 十年后,2015 年, 我们公布的结果是, 全州长期无家可归的人口 减少了 91%。
approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; statewide:adj.遍及全州的;遍及全州地;
(Applause) （掌声）
That's amazing. 那是很惊人的。
When I began this process , and we began this process , 当我们开始这个流程时,
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
I realized that I had a limited understanding of homelessness and the factors that impacted it, and that I needed a fairly major change in my belief, in my thinking, 我发现到我对于无家可归 以及影响它的因子, 了解都十分有限, 我需要针对我的看法、 我的想法,做很大的改变,
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的;v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词); fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直;
because I had been raised with the theory of rugged individualism and "pull yourself up by the bootstraps ." 因为我是在严格的个人主义理论 和「自立自强」的观念之下长大的。
rugged:adj.崎岖的;坚固的;高低不平的;粗糙的; individualism:n.个人主义;利己主义;个人特征; bootstraps:n.[计]引导程序,辅助程序;解靴带;
That philosophy came from being raised on our family's cattle ranch in a small town in the western desert of Utah. 我们家在犹他州西部沙漠, 小镇上有个牧牛场, 这哲学来自在那儿成长的经历。
philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; ranch:n.大农场;大牧场;v.经营牧场;在牧场工作;
On the ranch, you learned that nothing takes priority over caring for the cattle, something always needs fixing and most importantly , hard work makes the world right. 在牧场学到的是:首要之务绝对是 照顾牛只, 总是有什么东西需要修理, 还有最重要的, 努力就能解决世界上的问题。
priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事; and most importantly:最主要的是…;
It was through that lens that I would see homeless people. 我是从那样的视角 在看无家可归的街友。
lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影;
When I was a teenager, our family would go into Salt Lake City, and I would see these homeless people -- " hobos " we called them then -- sitting around on the street, and I would think, "You lazy bums , get a job. Pull yourself up by the bootstraps." 当我还是青少年时, 我们全家会到盐湖城, 我会看到无家可归的人就坐在街上, 那时我们称他们为「流浪汉」, 而我会心想: 「你们这些懒废物, 去找份工作,自立自强。」
hobos:n.无业游民;流动工人;(hobo的复数形式) bums:n.烧伤;游荡者(bum的复数);vt.勒索;索求;(bum的第三人称单数)
After high school, I left the ranch, graduated from college, went to work for Ford Motor Company for several years, then got a job at the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and moved back to Salt Lake City. 高中之后,我离开了牧场, 从大学毕業, 在福特汽车公司工作了数年, 接着在耶稣基督后期圣徒教会 找到一份工作, 搬回了盐湖城。
Ford:n.福特[姓氏];浅滩;v.涉(水);渡河;津渡; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督: Christ:n.基督;耶稣基督 Latter:adj.后者的;近来的;后面的;较后的; Saints:n.圣徒(saint的复数); v.把…尊为圣人;
During that employment , I had the opportunity to be loaned out to the state's largest homeless shelter to assist them in developing and improving their financial and management capabilities. 在那段工作期间,我有机会去协助 该州最大的街友庇护所, 幫他们开发和改善 他们的财务和管理能力。
employment:n.使用;职业;雇用; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
While there, I became aware of a new approach to dealing with homeless individuals and drug addicts . 在那里时,我发现了一种新方法, 可用来幫助无家可归的人 及有毒瘾者。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; addicts:有瘾的人;对...入迷的人(addict的复数);
It was called the harm reduction model, and it consisted of passing out clean needles and condoms . 那方法叫做减少伤害模型, 内容包括分发干净的 针头以及保险套。
consisted:vi.组成;在于;符合; needles:n.针数,千针本;[印刷]折页顶针(needle复数形式); condoms:n.避孕套,安全套;(condom的复数)
And I thought, "Now that is one stupid idea." 我心想:「那真是个蠢点子。」
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"That's just going to encourage them to continue that behavior. 「那样做只会鼓励他们 继续原本的行为。
Just tell them to stop." 应该叫他们别做。」
Several years later, I read some of the early 10-year plans to end chronic homelessness promoted by the federal government. 几年后,我读了一些资料, 是关于联邦政府 早期推动终结 长期街友的十年计画。
promoted:v.促进:促销:提升:(promote的过去分词和过去式) federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
As I read through those plans, and I thought, " Pfft ! This is unrealistic . 我读过这些计画的内容之后,心想: 「呸！这很不实际。
Pfft:int.啐(表示突然中止或终于失败); unrealistic:adj.不切实际的;不实在的;
You can't end homelessness. 街友问题是无法终结的。
There's too many personal choices and factors beyond our control." 它牵涉到太多个人选择 及我们无法控制的因子了。」
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
My perspective changed, however, when I attended a conference in 2003, where I learned the reason behind the 10-year plan. 然而,我的观点变了, 2003 年时我参加了一场大会, 在那里,我学到了 十年计画背后的理由。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
First was this small population of the homeless group that was 15 percent and were very expensive. 首先,我学到这一小群的街友族群, 虽然只占 15% 但却非常昂贵。
That made sense for a conservative state like Utah. 对于犹他州这种保守的州而言, 那数字是合理的。
conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者;
The second insight was learning about this Housing First, or low-barrier housing. 第二,我学到了这个「住屋优先」 或低门槛住屋供给。
insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
There had been an agency in New York City that had been inviting mentally ill homeless individuals to move directly from the street into housing. 在纽约市有一个机构 一直在邀请有心理疾病的街友 直接从街头搬入住屋当中。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上;
And they were also allowed to continue to use drugs and to drink, just like we can in our homes. 他们也被允许继续使用毒品和喝酒, 就像我们在自己家里也可以一样。
They were, in addition, offered services -- not required to use them -- by on-site case managers to assist them to adjust to their new living arrangements and to stabilize their lives. 此外,现场的个案经理 也会提供服务给他们── 不强迫要使用── 来协助他们调整新的居住安排, 让他们的生活更稳定。
on-site:adj.现场的; adjust:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯; arrangements:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;(arrangement的复数) stabilize:vt.使稳固,使安定;vi.稳定,安定;
They were using the harm reduction model. 他们用的是减少伤害模型。
And despite my initial low expectations about hearing about this model, they were having an astonishing success rate: 85 percent were still housed after 12 months. 虽然我一开始听到这个模型时, 对它的期望是很低的, 但它的成功率却非常惊人: 有 85% 的人在 12 个月之后 仍然住在住房中。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于; expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数) astonishing:adj.令人十分惊讶的;v.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;(astonish的现在分词)
The third insight was the importance of developing a trusting relationship. 我学到的第三点, 是发展信赖关系的重要性。
Because of the abuse these individuals have had throughout most of their lives, they hardly trust anybody, and the clean needles and condoms and low-barrier housing was a means to begin to develop a relationship of trust. 因为这些人在他们一生中大半时候 都受到伤害, 所以他们很难信任别人, 而干净的针头、保险套、 低门槛住房供应, 就是开始发展信赖关系的手段。
abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂;
Vital . 这非常重要。
Vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的;
So as I flew home from this conference, sitting in the plane looking out the window, 会议结束后我搭飞机回家, 坐在飞机上,看向窗外,
I realized that my understanding and perspective about homelessness was shifting . 我发现到我对于 街友的了解和观点 正在转变。
shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
And as I stared out that window, this very strong feeling and thought came to me that if there's any state in the union that could end chronic homelessness, it was the state of Utah, because there's an underlying feeling 当我盯着窗外时, 产生了一种很强烈的感觉和想法, 觉得如果在美国有任何一州 能够终结长期街友的状况, 那就会是犹他州, 因为在犹他州有一种很根本的感觉、
stared:v.盯着看;凝视;注视;(stare的过去分词和过去式) underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词)
and desire and willingness to collaborate to serve our neighbors, including those who are homeless. 欲望、意愿, 要同心协力来服务我们的邻居, 包括无家可归的人。
willingness:n.乐意;心甘情愿;自动自发; collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌;
A new vision was becoming clear to me how this could be done. 对于要如何做到, 我开始有个清楚的远景。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
Now, those of us that attended the conference said, "Yeah, these models will work in Utah." 我们去参加会议的人说: 「是的,这些模型 在犹他是可行的。」
But when we got back home, there were many who said, "Nah, those aren't going to work. They won't succeed here." 但当我们回到家,就有很多人说: 「不,那些都不可行, 在这里都不会成功。」
But there was, however, an affordable housing organization who was willing to build our first 100 units. 然而,有一个在做可负担住房的组织 愿意为我们先建立 100 个单位。
affordable:adj.负担得起的; organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
But they had concerns about having 100 chronically homeless people in one location . 但他们担心把 100 个 长期无家可归的人 放在同一个地方会不会有问题。
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
To address that concern, we decided to create a pilot to test that idea while we built the first 100 units. 为了解决他们的担心, 我们决定做个试验, 在建立前 100 个单位的同时 先来测试该想法是否可行。
We would use existing units scattered throughout Salt Lake City. 我们用的是散布在 盐湖城各地的既有单位。
scattered:adj.零散的; v.撒; (scatter的过去分词和过去式)
Then we debated : 接着,我们盘算:
debated:v.讨论,辩论;思考;盘算;(debate的过去分词和过去式)
Should we select fairly high-functioning homeless persons or the most challenging ones we could find? 我们应该要选择 高功能无家可归的街友？ 还是我们能找到的街友中 最具挑战性的？
And this is where my background on the ranch came into play. 这时,我的牧场背景就派上用场了。
Back then, my mother cooked our meals and heated the water for our weekly bath on a wood-burning and coal-burning stove . 那时,我母亲为我们煮饭, 为我们每周一次的洗澡把水加热, 用的是烧木材和煤的炉子。
coal-burning:adj.燃煤的; stove:n.火炉;窑;烘房;[园]温室;v.用火炉烤[烘干];把…放入温室内培育;
And after chopping wood for that stove all those years, 那些年来不断为了炉子而劈柴,
chopping:v.切碎;剁碎;砍;劈;削减,降低;取消;(chop的现在分词)
I'd learned to chop the big end of the log first, when I had the most energy. 我学会在我还最有力时, 就先从圆木比较大的那一端劈下去。
log:原木,日志
We decided to use the "big end of the log first" approach and selected 17 of the most challenging, difficult, chronically homeless people we could find, because we knew we would learn the most from them. 我们决定使用的方法是 「先劈圆木较大的一端」, 在我们能找到的所有 长期无家可归街友中, 选出了 17 名 最有挑战性、最困难的, 因为我们知道, 我们能从他们身上学到最多。
Twenty-two months later, all 17 were still housed, including Keta, who today, 11 years later, is sleeping in her own bed and is sober . 22 个月之后, 所有 17 人都仍然住在住房中, 包括琦塔在内, 今天已经是 11 年后了, 她现在能睡在自己的床上, 而且没喝醉。
sober:adj.冷静的,清醒的;未醉的;v.使严肃;使醒酒,使清醒;
At the end of this pilot, one of the young case managers said, "We used to debate up at our university classes which theory of case management was the most effective . 在这次试验结束时, 其中一位年轻的个案经理说: 「我们以前在大学上课时会争论 哪一种个案管理理论最有效。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
Now our theory of case management is: anything necessary to keep them housed." 现在我们的个案管理理论是: 做所有必要的事 来让他们继续住在住房中。」
We became believers , and built hundreds of units over those next 10 years, leading to the reduction of our statewide chronic homeless population of 91 percent. 我们成为了信徒, 在接下来的十年, 建立了数百个单位, 结果是将全州的长期无家可归人口数 减少了 91%。
believers:n.信徒;相信的人;(believer的复数)
Now, who are homeless people? 无家可归的人是谁？
Many people just want them to go away, to disappear , not disrupt our lives. 许多人只希望他们能走开、消失, 不要扰乱我们的生活。
disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在; disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱;adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的;
Through this 10-year, 11-year process, I gained many insights of why people become homeless. 在这 10、11 年的过程中, 我深刻理解到 为什么人会无家可归。
insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数);
One of those insights came to me a few years ago when I was visiting with our medical outreach team. 其中一点是我在几年前理解到的, 当时我和我们的外展医疗队 一同去做拜访。
outreach:vt.超越,伸出; vi.拓广,延伸; n.延伸,拓广; adj.扩大服务的;
These are our frontline workers that go out and visit the street homeless and the prostitutes to check on their medical health. 他们是我们的前线人员, 走出去实地拜访街友和性工作者, 檢查他们的健康状况。
frontline:n.前线;锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋); prostitutes:n.卖淫者;妓女v.滥用才能;出卖肉体(prostitute的第三人称单数和复数)
One of the team members mentioned that eight of the prostitutes had given birth to 31 children that had become wards of the state. 医疗队的一名成员提到, 8 位性工作者生了 31 个孩子, 这些孩子变成这个州要监护的人。
wards:n.[医]病房(ward的复数); v.守卫;
They also shared that some of the pimps were their husbands, and worse yet, their parents. 她们也分享说, 有些皮条客就是她们的丈夫, 更糟的是, 是她们的父母。
pimps:n.皮条客;男妓;vi.拉皮条;
These prostitutes, in their late teens , 20s, early 30s, were expected to earn enough money a day to support a hundred-dollar-a-day heroin addiction, their living expenses and their pimp. 这些性工作者 接近 20 岁、 20 多岁, 或 30 初头, 一天得要赚足够的钱来负担 一百元的海洛因毒瘾、 自己的生活花费 和给皮条客的钱。
teens:n.十多岁,十几岁;青少年; heroin:n.[药][毒物]海洛因,吗啡; expenses:n.费用;价钱;开销;开支;花费;(expense的复数)
And with unprotected sex, they were paid more, and predictably , this would lead to a pregnancy . 不安全的性行为让她们可以赚更多, 但也可预期, 没有保护措施会导致怀孕。
unprotected:adj.无保护的;未设防的;v.无保护;(unprotect的过去式和过去分词); predictably:adv.可预言地; pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长;
Children born under these circumstances many times end up becoming homeless. 在这些情况下出生的孩子, 下场常常就是无家可归。
circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
And it's not helpful to look at those born under those circumstances, or a parent that makes their child a drug addict at age seven, or a generation of babies born through drug addiction, and not feel some despair . 如果不感到绝望地去看待 在那些情况下出生的孩子, 或是让孩子在七岁 就变成毒虫的父母, 或是染毒父母所生下的宝宝, 那是没有幫助的。
despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望;
For me, I believe every person is of value, no matter who you are. 对我而言,我相信 每个人都有其价值, 不论你是谁。
And it's not helpful to look at somebody with this start in life and blame them for where they are. 对于人生起跑点是这个样子的人, 去责怪他们的处境, 是没有幫助的。
(Applause) （掌声）
No one grows up saying, "My goal in life is to become homeless." 没有人在成长过程中会说: 「我的人生目标是要无家可归。」
And that's the beauty of the harm reduction and Housing First model. 那就是减少伤害 和住屋优先模型的美好之处。
It recognizes the complexities of the different factors that can shape a human life. 它能认清一个人的人生 是由许多不同的复杂因子所形成。
recognizes:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的第三人称单数) complexities:n.复杂性(complexity的复数);错综复杂的事物;
These models meet people where they are, not where we are or where we think they should be. 这些模型看的是那些人的处境, 而不是我们的处境, 也不是我们认为他们该有的处境。
The pilot we did with our 17 taught us many lessons. 我们做的 17 人试验 教了我们许多东西。
When people have been living on the street for many years, moving back into housing requires lots of things to learn. 当人们流落街头许多年, 要搬回到住房中 会需要学很多事。
And Donald taught us some of these transition lessons. 而唐诺, 教我们去了解一些这种转变。
transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
His case manager asked him why he had not turned up the heat in his cold apartment. 他的个案经理问他, 为什么公寓那么冷 还不把暖气打开？
Donald said, "How do you do that?" 唐诺说:「要如何打开？」
He was shown how to use a thermostat . 这才有人教他如何用自动调温器。
thermostat:n.恒温器;温度自动调节器
The case manager also observed that he was heating the beans in the can on the stove, like he had done over the campfires for many years. 个案经理也观察到, 他会在炉上加热罐头里的豆子, 就像他多年来用营火加热一样。
observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); in the can:制成;杀青;摄制完成的;电影杀青; campfires:n.营火;营火会;
He was shown how to use pots and pans. 这才有人教他如何用壶和锅。
We also learned that he had a sister that he had not seen in 25 years, who thought he was dead. 我们也知道他有个姐妹, 25 年没见到了, 她认为他已经死了。
She was happy to learn otherwise, and they were soon reconnected . 她很高兴发现他没死, 他们两人很快就再联络上。
reconnected:v.再连接;再接合(reconnect的过去分词和过去式)
Hundreds of people like Keta and Donald are now housed and reconnecting with their families. 有数百个像琦塔及唐诺的人 现在有房子可以住, 并和家人重新取得联络。
reconnecting:n.重新连线中;正在重新连接;v.再接合(reconnect的现在分词);
Also, many of our communities are incurring fewer emergency services costs. 此外,我们许多社区要负担的 紧急服务成本也变低了。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) incurring:n.招致(遭受);
I have learned over and over again that when you listen to somebody's story with an open heart, walk in their shoes with them, you can't help but love and care for them and want to serve them. 我一而再再而三地学到, 当你打开心去倾听一个人的故事, 换到他们的角度去思考, 你就一定会去爱他们、关心他们, 会想服务他们。
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地;
This is why I'm committed to continuing to bring hope and support to our homeless citizens, who I consider to be my brothers and sisters. 这就是为什么我承诺 要继续把希望与支持 带给无家可归的市民, 我把他们视为是我的兄弟姐妹。
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）