返回首页

LisaFeldmanBarrett_2017S-_你并非受情绪所摆布──是你的大脑创造了你的情绪_
My research lab sits about a mile from where several bombs exploded during the Boston Marathon in 2013. 我的研究實驗室外大約一英哩處 就是 2013 年波士頓馬拉松時, 數個炸彈爆炸的地方。
exploded:adj.分解的; v.爆炸; (explode的过去分词和过去式) Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市);
The surviving bomber , Dzhokhar Tsarnaev of Chechnya , was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. 存活下來的炸彈客, 車臣的佐哈爾札涅夫, 受到審判、被定罪、被判死刑。
bomber:n.轰炸机;投弹手; Chechnya:n.车臣; convicted:v.定罪;宣判…有罪;(convict的过去式和过去分词)
Now, when a jury has to make the decision between life in prison and the death penalty , they base their decision largely on whether or not the defendant feels remorseful for his actions. 當陪審團要做決定, 選擇要判終生監禁或死刑時, 他們的決定基礎主要是看 被告是否對他的行為有悔意。
jury:n.[法]陪审团;评判委员会;adj.应急的; death penalty:死刑; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; whether or not:是否…; defendant:adj.[法律]被告的;辩护的;n.[法律]被告人;被告方; remorseful:adj.懊悔的;悔恨的;
Tsarnaev spoke words of apology, but when jurors looked at his face, all they saw was a stone-faced stare . 佐哈爾札涅夫說了道歉的話, 但當陪審團成員看著他的臉, 他們看到的只有面無表情的凝視。
jurors:n.[法]陪审员(juror的复数形式); stare:v.凝视;盯着看;注视;n.凝视;
Now, Tsarnaev is guilty , there's no doubt about that. 佐哈爾札涅夫是有罪的, 這點無庸置疑。
guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的;
He murdered and maimed innocent people, and I'm not here to debate that. 他謀殺、重傷了無辜的人, 我並不是來爭辯這一點。
maimed:adj.残废的;受伤的;v.使残废(maim的过去分词); innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
My heart goes out to all the people who suffered. 我的心與那些受苦的人同在。
But as a scientist, I have to tell you that jurors do not and cannot detect remorse or any other emotion in anybody ever. 但身為科學家,我必須告訴你們, 陪審團永遠不能,也不可能, 偵測任何人的悔意或任何其他情緒。
detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测; emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;
Neither can I, and neither can you, and that's because emotions are not what we think they are. 我也不行,你們也不行, 那是因為情緒和我們所想的不一樣。
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
They are not universally expressed and recognized . 它們並沒有普遍的表現方式, 也沒有被普遍認可。
universally:adv.普遍地;人人;到处; expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式) recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
They are not hardwired brain reactions that are uncontrollable . 它們並不是無法控制的 天生大腦反應。
hardwired:adj.电路的; reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数) uncontrollable:adj.无法控制的;无法管束的;难以驾驭的;
We have misunderstood the nature of emotion for a very long time, and understanding what emotions really are has important consequences for all of us. 我們誤解了情緒的天性, 長年以來一直如此, 了解情緒到底是什麼,
misunderstood:adj.被误解的;v.误解,误会(misunderstand的过去式); consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
I have studied emotions as a scientist for the past 25 years, and in my lab, we have probed human faces by measuring electrical signals that cause your facial muscles to contract to make facial expressions . 身為科學家,過去二十五年間, 我一直在研究情緒, 在我的實驗室中,我們探究 人類面孔的方式是測量電訊號, 電訊號會造成肌肉收縮,做出表情。
probed:探测;探索(probe的过去式和过去分词); electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数); contract:v.收缩;感染;订约;n.合同;婚约; expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数)
We have scrutinized the human body in emotion. 我們已經仔細觀察過 人有情緒時的身體反應,
scrutinized:v.仔细查看;认真检查;细致审查;(scrutinize的过去分词和过去式)
We have analyzed hundreds of physiology studies involving thousands of test subjects. 我們已經分析過數百篇生理研究, 這些研究涉及數千名實驗對象。
analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨; physiology:n.生理学;生理机能; involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词)
We've scanned hundreds of brains, and examined every brain imaging study on emotion that has been published in the past 20 years. 我們已經掃瞄過數百個大腦, 探討在過去二十年間所出版的 每一篇關於情緒的大腦成像研究。
imaging:n.[物]成像;造像;v.反映;想像;作…的像;象征;(image的现在分词形式)
And the results of all of this research are overwhelmingly consistent . 所有這些研究的結果 都有非常驚人的一致性。
overwhelmingly:adv.压倒性地;不可抵抗地; consistent:adj.始终如一的,一致的;坚持的;
It may feel to you like your emotions are hardwired and they just trigger and happen to you, but they don't. 你可能會覺得你的情緒是天生的, 它們就是會被觸發, 然後你就會有情緒, 但不是這樣的。
trigger:n.触发器; v.触发;
You might believe that your brain is prewired with emotion circuits , that you're born with emotion circuits , but you're not. 你可能會認為你的大腦 內建有情緒電路, 你生出來就有情緒電路, 但實情並非如此。
circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数)
In fact, none of us in this room have emotion circuits in our brain. 事實上在這演講廳裡 沒有任何人的腦中有情緒電路。
In fact, no brain on this planet contains emotion circuits. 其實地球上沒有任何一顆腦袋 含有情緒電路。
So what are emotions, really? 那麼,情緒到底是什麼？
Well, strap on your seat belt , because ... 嗯,繫上你的安全帶,因為……
strap:v.用带子系(或捆、扎、扣)好;包扎;给…打绷带;n.带子; seat belt:n.(汽车或飞机上的)安全带;
emotions are guesses. 情緒是猜測。
They are guesses that your brain constructs in the moment where billions of brain cells are working together, and you have more control over those guesses than you might imagine that you do. 情緒是你的大腦在當下建立的猜測, 在大腦中,數十億個腦細胞合作進行, 而你能控制那些猜測的程度 比你想像的還要高。
constructs:n.构念(construct的复数);建筑物;构图;v.设计(construct的三单形式);建造;
Now, if that sounds preposterous to you, or, you know, kind of crazy, 如果你覺得這聽起來很荒謬, 或是有點瘋狂,
preposterous:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;
I'm right there with you, because frankly, if I hadn't seen the evidence for myself, decades of evidence for myself, 我也有同感,因為坦白說, 如果沒親自看過證據, 數十年來的證據,
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
I am fairly sure that I wouldn't believe it either. 我很確定我自己也不會相信。
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直;
But the bottom line is that emotions are not built into your brain at birth. 但結果就是,情緒並不是 你出生時就內建在你的大腦中的。
the bottom line:底线;本质内容;最底线;
They are just built. 情緒只是被建立起來。
To see what I mean, have a look at this. 若想了解我的意思,看看這個。
have a look at:看一看,看一眼;
Right now, your brain is working like crazy . 此刻,你的大腦正在瘋狂運作。
like crazy:拼命地;发疯似的;
Your neurons are firing like mad trying to make meaning out of this so that you see something other than black and white blobs . 你的神經元火力全開, 試著找出這張圖的意義, 想讓你能看到黑白斑以外的東西。
black and white:adj.印刷的;黑白混合的;用笔写的; blobs:n.斑点(blob的复数);v.溅污(blob的三单形式);
Your brain is sifting through a lifetime of experience, making thousands of guesses at the same time , weighing the probabilities , trying to answer the question, "What is this most like?" 你的大腦正在篩選你一生的經驗, 同時做出數千種猜測, 權衡各種可能性, 試圖回答這個問題: 「這最像什麼？」
sifting:n.过筛,过滤;筛选;v.筛撒,纷落,详察(sift的现在分词形式); at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; probabilities:可能性;[统计]概率(probability的复数);
not "What is it?" 不是「這是什麼？」
but "What is this most like in my past experience?" 而是「依我過去的經驗, 這最像什麼？」
And this is all happening in the blink of an eye . 上述這一切都在一眨眼間發生。
in the blink of an eye:熄灭;在一瞬间;眨眼之间;眨眼间;一眨眼间;
Now if your brain is still struggling to find a good match and you still see black and white blobs, then you are in a state called " experiential blindness," 如果你的大腦還在努力著 想要找到符合的資訊, 而你仍然只看到黑白斑, 那麼你就是處在所謂 「經驗盲目」的狀態中,
experiential:adj.经验的;经验上的;根据经验的;
and I am going to cure you of your blindness. 而我要來治癒你的盲目。
I am going to:我将要做什么事情
This is my favorite part. Are you ready to be cured? 這是我最喜歡的部分。 你們準備好被治癒了嗎？
(Cheers) （歡呼聲）
All right. Here we go. 好極了,來吧。
(Gasps) （讚嘆聲）
All right. 好。
So now many of you see a snake, and why is that? 現在,很多人能看到了一條蛇了, 為什麼會這樣？
Because as your brain is sifting through your past experience, there's new knowledge there, the knowledge that came from the photograph. 因為當你的大腦 在篩選你過去的經驗時, 有找到新的知識, 來自剛才蛇的照片的知識。
And what's really cool is that that knowledge which you just acquired moments ago is changing how you experience these blobs right now. 而很酷的一點是, 你剛剛才取得的那些知識 正在改變你現在對於 這些黑白斑的經驗感受。
acquired:adj.习得的; v.获得; (acquire的过去分词和过去式)
So your brain is constructing the image of a snake where there is no snake, and this kind of a hallucination is what neuroscientists like me call " predictions ." 所以,你的大腦正在沒有蛇的地方 建立出一條蛇的影像, 而這種幻覺 就是像我這樣的神經科學家 所謂的「預測」。
constructing:n.构造;v.构造(construct的现在分词); hallucination:n.幻觉,幻想;错觉; neuroscientists:n.神经系统科学家; predictions:n.预测,预言(prediction复数形式);
Predictions are basically the way your brain works. 預測,基本上是 你大腦運作的方式。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
It's business as usual for your brain. 你的大腦「照常營業」時就是這樣。
business as usual:na.照常营业;
Predictions are the basis of every experience that you have. 你擁有的所有經驗, 都以預測為基礎。
They are the basis of every action that you take. 你採取的所有行動, 都以預測為基礎。
In fact, predictions are what allow you to understand the words that I'm speaking as they come out of my -- 事實上,你現在也是靠著預測, 來了解我現在說的字句, 這些字句出自我的──
Audience: Mouth. Lisa Feldman Barrett: Mouth. Exactly. 觀眾:嘴巴。 講者:嘴巴,完全正確。
Predictions are primal . 預測是原始的。
primal:adj.原始的; n.被压抑童年情绪的释放; vt.释放(被压抑的童年情绪);
They help us to make sense of the world in a quick and efficient way. 預測能協助我們用很快速有效的方式 來賦予這個世界意義。
make sense of:搞清…的意思; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
So your brain does not react to the world. 所以,你的大腦並不是 對這個世界做出反應。
Using past experience, your brain predicts and constructs your experience of the world. 你的大腦使用過去的經驗, 預測並建立出你對於世界的經驗。
predicts:vt.预报,预言;预知;vi.作出预言;作预料,作预报;
The way that we see emotions in others are deeply rooted in predictions. 我們怎麼去看待別人的情緒, 也是深根在預測上的。
So to us, it feels like we just look at someone's face, and we just read the emotion that's there in their facial expressions the way that we would read words on a page. 所以,對我們來說,感覺就像是 我們只是看著某人的臉孔, 然後我們就去讀出 在他們面部表情中的情緒, 和我們讀紙上的文字是一樣的方式。
But actually, under the hood, your brain is predicting . 但其實在表面之下, 你的大腦正在做預測。
predicting:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的现在分词)
It's using past experience based on similar situations to try to make meaning. 它會根據相似的情境, 採用過去的經驗, 來試著建構出意義。
This time, you're not making meaning of blobs, you're making meaning of facial movements like the curl of a lip or the raise of an eyebrow . 只是這次,你不是在 找出黑白斑的意義, 你是在找出面部動作的意義, 比如噘嘴或是揚眉的意義。
curl:v.卷;蜷缩;鬈曲;(使)成拳曲状;n.(一绺)鬈发;(头发)拳曲;卷状物;螺旋状物; eyebrow:n.眉;眉毛;
And that stone-faced stare? 那面無表情的凝視呢？
That might be someone who is a remorseless killer, but a stone-faced stare might also mean that someone is stoically accepting defeat, which is in fact what Chechen culture prescribes for someone in Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's situation. 有可能代表著一個沒有悔意的殺手, 但面無表情的凝視也代表著 一個泰然地接收自己被打敗的人, 事實上,在車臣文化裡, 人們在佐哈爾札涅夫所處的情境中 會做出的就是這種表情。
remorseless:adj.冷酷的;不知过错的;坚持不懈的;不屈不挠的; stoically:adv.坚忍地;恬淡寡欲地; prescribes:开药方;规定;
So the lesson here is that emotions that you seem to detect in other people actually come in part from what's inside your own head. 所以,這裡的教訓是, 當你似乎從別人身上察覺到情緒時, 那情緒其實有部分 來自你自己的腦袋。
And this is true in the courtroom , but it's also true in the classroom, in the bedroom, and in the boardroom . 在法庭上是如此, 但在教室亦是如此, 在臥室、 會議室都是如此。
courtroom:n.法庭;审判室; boardroom:n.会议室;交换场所;
And so here's my concern : tech companies which shall remain nameless ... 所以我會擔心一件事: 科技公司,就保持暱名好了……
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; nameless:adj.不可名状的,难以形容的;匿名的;
well, maybe not. 也許不用。
You know, Google , Facebook -- 你們知道的,Google、臉書……
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
are spending millions of research dollars to build emotion-detection systems, and they are fundamentally asking the wrong question, because they're trying to detect emotions in the face and the body, but emotions aren't in your face and body. 它們花了數百萬美元在研究上, 想要建立情緒偵測系統, 而他們基本上就問錯了問題, 因為他們試圖偵測 面部和身體中的情緒, 但情緒並不在你的面部和身體中。
fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 in your face:挑衅;咄咄逼人的;
Physical movements have no intrinsic emotional meaning. 身體動作並沒有 內在固有的情緒意義。
Physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; intrinsic:adj.本质的,固有的; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
We have to make them meaningful . 是我們要讓動作有意義。
meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
A human or something else has to connect them to the context , and that makes them meaningful. 一個人或是其他東西, 必須要把動作和情境連結, 這樣動作才會有意義。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
That's how we know that a smile might mean sadness and a cry might mean happiness, and a stoic, still face might mean that you are angrily plotting the demise of your enemy. 因為這樣,我們才能知道 微笑意味的可能是悲傷, 而哭泣意味的可能是開心, 而不露出任何表情的面孔可能意味著 你正在氣憤地計畫 要如何殺死你的敵人。
angrily:adv.愤怒地; plotting:v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表);(plot的现在分词) demise:n.死亡,终止;转让;传位;vt.遗赠;禅让;
Now, if I haven't already gone out on a limb , 如果這番話還沒嚇跑你,
out on a limb:孤立无援;处于危险的境地;
I'll just edge out on that limb a little further and tell you that the way that you experience your own emotion is exactly the same process . 那我要再進一步告訴各位, 你經歷你自己情緒的方式, 是完全一樣的過程。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Your brain is basically making predictions, guesses, that it's constructing in the moment with billions of neurons working together. 基本上,你的大腦 會做出預測、猜測, 都是在當下那個時刻建立起來的, 靠數十億的神經元合作完成。
Now your brain does come prewired to make some feelings, simple feelings that come from the physiology of your body. 你的大腦確實天生 就會製造某一些感覺, 即那些來自你身體 生理狀況的簡單感受。
So when you're born, you can make feelings like calmness and agitation , excitement , comfort, discomfort . 所以,在你出生時, 你可以製造出一些感受, 如冷靜、激動、 興奮、舒服、不舒服。
calmness:n.冷静,镇静;平静,安宁; agitation:n.激动;搅动;煽动;烦乱; excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物; discomfort:n.不适,不安;不便之处;vt.使…不舒服;使…不安;
But these simple feelings are not emotions. 但這些簡單的感受並不是情緒。
They're actually with you every waking moment of your life. 其實在你人生中醒著的每一刻, 它們都與你同在。
They are simple summaries of what's going on inside your body, kind of like a barometer . 它們只是你體內所發生之狀況的 簡單總結而已, 有點像是氣壓計。
summaries:n.总结(summary的复数); barometer:n.[气象]气压计;晴雨表;显示变化的事物;
But they have very little detail, and you need that detail to know what to do next. 但它們沒有什麼細節資訊, 你需要細節資訊才能 知道接下來要怎麼做。
What do you about these feelings? 你要如何處理這些感受？
And so how does your brain give you that detail? 而你的大腦要如何提供你細節資訊？
Well, that's what predictions are. 那就是預測了。
Predictions link the sensations in your body that give you these simple feelings with what's going on around you in the world so that you know what to do. 預測的功能是把那些 和你身邊環境發生的事情連結起來, 這樣你才會知道該怎麼做。
sensations:n.感觉;轰动;感动;
And sometimes, those constructions are emotions. 而有時, 那些建造出來的東西就是情緒。
constructions:n.[建]建设(construction的复数);[建]建筑物;构造学;
So for example, if you were to walk into a bakery , your brain might predict that you will encounter the delicious aroma of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies. 比如,如果你走進一家麵包店, 你的大腦可能會預測你會聞到 新鮮出爐巧克力 脆片餅干的美好香味。
bakery:n.面包店; encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见; aroma:n.芳香; freshly:adv.新近;精神饱满地; baked:v.烘烤;焙;烤硬;灼热;(bake的过去分词和过去式) chip:v.削,凿;削成碎片;剥落;碎裂;n.[电子]芯片;筹码;碎片;(食物的)小片;薄片;
I know my brain would predict the delicious aroma of freshly baked chocolate cookies. 我知道我的大腦會預測有 新鮮出爐巧克力餅干的美好香味。
And our brains might cause our stomachs to churn a little bit, to prepare for eating those cookies. 而我們的大腦可能會造成 我們的胃稍微攪動, 來準備吃那些餅干。
churn:v.剧烈搅动;(使)猛烈翻腾;反胃,恶心;感到不安;n.搅乳器;
And if we are correct, if in fact some cookies have just come out of the oven , then our brains will have constructed hunger, and we are prepared to munch down those cookies and digest them in a very efficient way, meaning that we can eat a lot of them, which would be a really good thing. 如果我們預測正確, 如果確實有一些餅干剛出爐, 那麼我們的大腦就會建立飢餓感, 而我們會準備好要 津津有味地嚼那些餅干, 然後用非常有效的方式消化它們, 也就是說我們能吃很多餅干, 這是很棒的事。
oven:n.炉,灶;烤炉,烤箱; constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式) munch:vt.用力咀嚼;大声咀嚼;vi.用力咀嚼;大声咀嚼;n.用力的咀嚼; digest:n.摘要;文摘;概要;汇编;v.消化;领会;领悟;理解;
You guys are not laughing enough. I'm totally serious. 你們笑得不夠大聲。 我是非常認真的。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
But here's the thing. 但重點是,
That churning stomach, if it occurs in a different situation, it can have a completely different meaning. 那正在攪動的胃, 如果發生在不同的情況當中, 它可能就會有完全不同的意義。
churning:n.搅乳;一次提制的奶油;v.搅拌(churn的现在分词); occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数);
So if your brain were to predict a churning stomach in, say, a hospital room while you're waiting for test results, then your brain will be constructing dread or worry or anxiety , and it might cause you to, maybe, wring your hands or take a deep breath or even cry. 如果你的大腦預測會有攪動的胃, 且情境是在醫院中, 當你在等待檢查結果時, 那麼你的大腦就會建立懼怕感、 憂心感,或焦慮感, 那可能會造成你去…… 也許,擰著你的手, 或是深呼吸,或甚至哭泣。
dread:n.恐惧;可怕的人(或物);vi.惧怕;担心;vt.惧怕;担心;adj.可怕的; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; wring:v.拧;绞;拧出(衣服等中的水);n.拧;紧紧握手;疝痛;
Right? Same physical sensation, same churning stomach, different experience. 對吧？同樣的身體感知, 同樣是攪動的胃, 不同的經歷。
And so the lesson here is that emotions which seem to happen to you are actually made by you. 所以,這裡的教訓是, 情緒看似是發生在你身上的, 但其實情緒是你製造的。
You are not at the mercy of mythical emotion circuits which are buried deep inside some ancient part of your brain. 你並沒有受到深埋在大腦古老區域的 神話情緒電路所控制。
mercy:n.仁慈,宽容;怜悯;幸运;善行; mythical:adj.神话的;虚构的;
You have more control over your emotions than you think you do. 你對你的情緒有更高的控制權, 比你想的還高。
I don't mean that you can just snap your fingers and change how you feel the way that you would change your clothes, but your brain is wired so that if you change the ingredients that your brain uses to make emotion, then you can transform your emotional life. 我的意思並不是你可以彈一下手指 就改變你的感覺,像換衣服一樣, 但你的大腦是設定好的, 如果你能改變你的大腦 用來製造情緒的原料, 那麼你就可以轉變你的情緒生活。
snap:v.断裂;移到某位置;厉声说;n.啪嗒声;(尤指抢拍的)照片;adj.仓促的; ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数) transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
So if you change those ingredients today, you're basically teaching your brain how to predict differently tomorrow, and this is what I call being the architect of your experience. 如果你今天就改變那些原料, 基本上,你是在教你的大腦 如何用不同的方式預測明天, 我稱之為:成為建造 你自身經驗的建築師。
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
So here's an example. 這裡有一個例子。
All of us have had a nervous feeling before a test, right? 我們所有人都曾經 在考試之前感到緊張,對吧？
But some people experience crippling anxiety before a test. 但有些人在考試之前,經歷到的 是會影響到他們能力的強烈焦慮。
crippling:adj.残废的; v.使残废; (cripple的现在分词)
They have test anxiety. 他們有考試焦慮症。
Based on past experiences of taking tests, their brains predict a hammering heartbeat , sweaty hands, so much so that they are unable to actually take the test. 根據過去參加考試的經驗, 他們的大腦預測會有強烈心跳、 掌心冒汗, 強烈到讓他們無法去進行考試。
hammering:n.锤击;锤打;抨击;v.锤击;敲打;(hammer的现在分词) heartbeat:n.心跳;情感; sweaty:adj.出汗的;吃力的;使人出汗的;
They don't perform well, and sometimes they not only fail courses but they actually might fail college. 他們的表現不會好, 有時,他們不只是選的課沒過, 還可能被退學。
perform:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好);
But here's the thing: a hammering heartbeat is not necessarily anxiety. 但重點是: 強烈的心跳不見得就是焦慮。
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
It could be that your body is preparing to do battle and ace that test ... 也有可能是你的身體在準備要打仗, 準備在考試中得第一……
or, you know, give a talk in front of hundreds of people on a stage where you're being filmed. 或你正要做一場演說, 站在臺上面對數百個人, 同時還被拍攝。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
I'm serious. 我是認真的。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
And research shows that when students learn to make this kind of energized determination instead of anxiety, they perform better on tests. 研究顯示,當學生學會 製造出這種充滿能量的決心, 而不是製造出焦慮時, 他們考試的表現就會更佳。
energized:v.使充满热情; (energize的过去分词和过去式) determination:n.测定;确定;决心;计算;
And that determination seeds their brain to predict differently in the future so that they can get their butterflies flying in formation . 那決心在他們的大腦中播種, 讓大腦用不同的方式去預測未來, 所以他們能讓自己不會亂了陣腳。
formation:n.形成;编队;组成;队形;
And if they do that often enough, they not only can pass a test but it will be easier for them to pass their courses, and they might even finish college, which has a huge impact on their future earning potential . 如果他們常常這麼做, 他們不僅能通過考試, 他們也會更容易通過他們選的課, 他們甚至可以大學畢業, 這對他們未來賺錢的潛能 有很大的影響。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
So I call this emotional intelligence in action. 所以我稱之為: 作用中的情緒智慧。
intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
Now you can cultivate this emotional intelligence yourself and use it in your everyday life. 你們可以自己培養這種情緒智慧, 把它用在你們的日常生活中。
cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作;
So just, you know, imagine waking up in the morning. 所以你可以試著 想像在早晨醒來
I'm sure you've had this experience. I know I have. ──我相信你們有過這種經驗, 我知道我有──
You wake up and as you're emerging into consciousness , you feel this horrible dread, you know, this real wretchedness , and immediately, your mind starts to race. 你們在早晨醒來,慢慢進入到意識, 感覺到一種糟透的懼怕感, 真的很悲慘的感覺, 立刻,你的大腦就會開始賽跑。
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, wretchedness:n.可怜;悲惨;不幸;
You start to think about all the crap that you have to do at work and you have that mountain of email which you will never dig yourself out of ever, the phone calls you have to return, and that important meeting across town, and you're going to have to fight traffic, you'll be late picking your kids up, your dog is sick, and what are you going to make for dinner? 你開始想到你工作時 要處理的所有鳥事, 有一大堆未讀的電子郵件, 你永遠都不可能讀完, 還有待回覆的電話, 還有在市區另一頭的會議, 你還得要對抗塞車, 你接孩子就一定會遲到, 你的狗生病了,還有, 晚餐要煮什麼？
crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎;
Oh my God. 噢,我的天啊！
What is wrong with your life? 你的人生是怎麼回事？
What is wrong with my life? 我的人生是怎麼回事？
(Laughter) （笑聲）
That mind racing is prediction. 那大腦的快速思考,就是預測。
Your brain is searching to find an explanation for those sensations in your body that you experience as wretchedness, just like you did with the blobby image. 你的大腦在尋找一種解釋, 用來解釋那種被你體驗為 「悲慘」的身體感知, 就像剛剛看到黑白斑圖像時, 你的大腦也是這樣做的。
So your brain is trying to explain what caused those sensations so that you know what to do about them. 所以,你的大腦在試著解釋 是什麼造成那些感知, 這樣你才會知道如何處理它們。
But those sensations might not be an indication that anything is wrong with your life. 但那些感知, 可能並沒有在暗示 你的人生有什麼問題。
indication:n.显示;表明;标示;象征;
They might have a purely physical cause. 可能單純是身體造成的。
purely:adv.完全;仅仅;
Maybe you're tired. 也許你是累了。
Maybe you didn't sleep enough. 也許你睡眠不足。
Maybe you're hungry. 也許你餓了。
Maybe you're dehydrated . 也許你脫水了。
dehydrated:v.使(食物)脱水;(身体)失水,脱水;(dehydrate的过去分词和过去式)
The next time that you feel intense distress , ask yourself: 下一次你感覺到強烈的煩惱時, 問問自己:
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困;
Could this have a purely physical cause? 這有沒有可能單純是身體造成的？
Is it possible that you can transform emotional suffering into just mere physical discomfort? 你有沒有可能把情緒上的苦惱 轉變成只是身體上的不舒服？
mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘;
Now I am not suggesting to you that you can just perform a couple of Jedi mind tricks and talk yourself out of being depressed or anxious or any kind of serious condition. 我並不是在暗示各位 你們可以施展幾項 絕地武士的心靈招術, 就可能可以讓自己不再沮喪、 不再焦慮,或不再有其他嚴重的狀況。
Jedi:n.星球大战中的绝地武士; depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词)
But I am telling you that you have more control over your emotions than you might imagine, and that you have the capacity to turn down the dial on emotional suffering and its consequences for your life by learning how to construct your experiences differently. 但我要告訴各位的是, 你比你想像中的還要 更能掌控你的情緒, 且你有能力 把情緒上的苦惱給調低一點, 因而降低它對你人生造成的後果, 做法就是要學習如何用不同的方式 來建立你自己的經驗。
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
And all of us can do this and with a little practice, we can get really good at it, like driving. 我們所有人都能辦到, 透過一點練習,我們還能夠精通它, 就像開車一樣。
At first, it takes a lot of effort, but eventually it becomes pretty automatic . 一開始,要很努力去做, 最終,會變成像是自動的一樣。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; automatic:adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的;n.自动步枪;自动换挡汽车;
Now I don't know about you, but I find this to be a really empowering and inspiring message, and the fact that it's backed up by decades of research makes me also happy as a scientist. 我不知道你們怎樣, 但我覺得這個訊息非常振奮人心, 能讓我覺得自己有能力, 而且它背後還有 數十年的研究在支持, 讓身為科學家的我也感到很高興。
empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词) inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词)
But I have to also warn you that it does come with some fine print , because more control also means more responsibility. 但我也得警告你們, 它上面還有小字的警告訊息, 因為越多的控制 就意味著越多的責任。
fine print:n.(协议或法律文件中易于被忽略但重要的)小号字印刷的附加条款;
If you are not at the mercy of mythical emotion circuits which are buried deep inside your brain somewhere and which trigger automatically , then who's responsible , who is responsible when you behave badly? 如果你不受到深埋在你大腦內某處 且會自動觸發的 神話情緒電路所擺佈, 那麼,是由誰在負責？ 當你的行為不當的時候是誰在負責？
automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
You are. 是你。
Not because you're culpable for your emotions, but because the actions and the experiences that you make today become your brain's predictions for tomorrow. 並不是你應該要 因為你的情緒而受責備, 而是因為你今天的行為和經驗 會變成你的大腦為明天做的預測。
culpable:adj.有罪的;该责备的;不周到的;应受处罚的;
Sometimes we are responsible for something not because we're to blame but because we're the only ones who can change it. 有時候,我們要為某些事負責, 並不是因為要怪罪我們, 而是因為我們是唯一能改變它的人。
Now responsibility is a big word. 「責任」是個很有分量的詞。
It's so big, in fact, that sometimes people feel the need to resist the scientific evidence that emotions are built and not built in. 事實上,它的分量大到 讓人們有時候會覺得需要去抗拒 那些情緒是後天建造出來 而非天生內建的科學證據。
resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
The idea that we are responsible for our own emotions seems very hard to swallow . 我們要為自己的情緒 負責的這個想法, 似乎非常難消化。
swallow:v.吞下;咽下;吞没;相信;n.吞;咽;燕;一次吞咽的量;
But what I'm suggesting to you is you don't have to choke on that idea. 但,我想要告訴你們的是, 你們不需要被那個想法噎到。
choke:n.窒息; v.阻塞; (尤指感情激动而)说不出话来;
You just take a deep breath, maybe get yourself a glass of water if you need to, and embrace it. 只要深深吸一口氣, 如果需要的話,給自己倒杯水, 然後擁抱它。
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
Embrace that responsibility, because it is the path to a healthier body, a more just and informed legal system, and a more flexible and potent emotional life. 擁抱那責任, 因為這條路會通往更健康的身體、 更公平和富有資訊的司法制度, 以及更有彈性、更強大的情緒生活。
informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的;
Thank you. 謝謝你們。
(Applause) （掌聲）