返回首页

LeilaTakayama_2017X-_身为机器人是什么感觉？_
You only get one chance to make a first impression , and that's true if you're a robot as well as if you're a person. 你只有一次機會建立第一印象, 不論你是機器人或人類,都是如此。
impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
The first time that I met one of these robots was at a place called Willow Garage in 2008. 當我初次見到一隻這種機器人, 是 2008 年, 在一個叫柳樹車庫公司的地方。
Willow:n.柳树;柳;柳木;v.用打棉机打开和清理 Garage:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;v.把…送入车库;把(汽车)开进车库;
When I went to visit there, my host walked me into the building and we met this little guy. 當我去那裡造訪時, 東道主陪我走進大樓, 我們見到了這個小傢伙。
He was rolling into the hallway, came up to me, sat there, stared blankly past me, did nothing for a while , rapidly spun his head around 180 degrees and then ran away. 它在門廳跑來跑去, 跑到我面前,坐在那裡, 面無表情地望穿我, 好一陣子什麼都沒做, 快速把它的頭扭轉了180 度, 然後跑走了。
stared:v.盯着看;凝视;注视;(stare的过去分词和过去式) blankly:adv.茫然地;毫无表情地;茫然若失; for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时; spun:adj.纺成的;v.纺(spin的过去分词);旋转;
And that was not a great first impression. 那不是很好的第一印象。
The thing that I learned about robots that day is that they kind of do their own thing, and they're not totally aware of us. 我那天學到一件關於機器人的事, 就是它們會做自己的事, 並且完全沒有意識到我們的存在。
And I think as we're experimenting with these possible robot futures, we actually end up learning a lot more about ourselves as opposed to just these machines. 我想,當我們在實驗這些 可能的未來機器人時, 我們其實最後學到很多 關於我們自己的事, 不只學到關於這些機器的事。
opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式)
And what I learned that day was that I had pretty high expectations for this little dude . 我那天學到的是, 我對這個小傢伙有很高的期望。
expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数) dude:n.男人,小伙子;(非正式)花花公子;
He was not only supposed to be able to navigate the physical world, but also be able to navigate my social world -- he's in my space; it's a personal robot. 它不僅應該要能夠引導實體世界, 也應該要能引導我的社交世界。 它在我的空間中,它是個人機器人,
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
wWhy didn't it understand me? 為什麼它不了解我？
My host explained to me, "Well, the robot is trying to get from point A to point B, and you were an obstacle in his way, so he had to replan his path, figure out where to go, and then get there some other way," 東道主向我解釋: 「嗯,機器人試著從Ａ點到達Ｂ點, 而你是擋在它路上的障礙物, 所以它得重新規劃它的路徑, 搞清楚要走去哪裡, 然後走其他的路到達目的地。」
obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石;
which was actually not a very efficient thing to do. 這其實並不是很有效益的做法。
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
If that robot had figured out that I was a person, not a chair, and that I was willing to get out of its way if it was trying to get somewhere, then it actually would have been more efficient at getting its job done if it had bothered to notice that I was a human and that I have different affordances than things like chairs and walls do. 如果那隻機器人能理解 我是一個人,不是一張椅子, 那我其實願意讓開, 讓它能到它的目的地, 這樣就會用更有效益的方式 完成它的工作, 如果它花點功夫注意到我是一個人, 且我有著和椅子及牆壁 不同的能力,就可以做到這點。
bothered:adj.烦(恼)的; v.使(某人)烦恼;
You know, we tend to think of these robots as being from outer space and from the future and from science fiction , and while that could be true, 我們傾向於認為 這些機器人是來自外太空, 來自未來,來自科幻小說, 雖然那是有可能的,
outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中; science fiction:科幻小说;
I'd actually like to argue that robots are here today, and they live and work amongst us right now. 但其實我認為, 機器人現今就在這裡了, 它們現在就在人類當中生活、工作。
amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among);
These are two robots that live in my home. 這兩隻機器人住在我家。
They vacuum the floors and they cut the grass every single day, which is more than I would do if I actually had time to do these tasks, and they probably do it better than I would, too. 它們會吸地板和除草, 每天都做, 就算我有時間做這些工作, 我也無法做到這麼多, 且它們可能也做得比我好。
vacuum:n.真空; adj.真空的; v.用真空吸尘器清扫;
This one actually takes care of my kitty. 這隻機器人會照顧我的貓。
Every single time he uses the box, it cleans it, which is not something I'm willing to do, and it actually makes his life better as well as mine. 每當牠使用貓砂時,它就會清理, 這就不是我願意做的事了, 它讓牠和我的生活都變得更好。
And while we call these robot products -- it's a "robot vacuum cleaner , it's a robot lawnmower , it's a robot littler box," 雖然我們稱這些機器人為產品, 它是打掃機器人、 它是除草機器人、 它是貓砂機器人,
vacuum cleaner:n.真空吸尘器; lawnmower:n.[建]剪草机;
I think there's actually a bunch of other robots hiding in plain sight that have just become so darn useful and so darn mundane that we call them things like, " dishwasher ," right? 我認為,在我們視線能及之處 還隱藏了一堆其他的機器人, 只是它們變得太有用、太平凡, 以致於我們為它們另外命名, 比如「洗碗機」,對吧？ 以致於我們為它們另外命名, 比如「洗碗機」,對吧？
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; darn:v.织补,缝补;n.织补; mundane:adj.世俗的,平凡的;世界的,宇宙的; dishwasher:n.洗碗工;洗碟机;
They get new names. 它們得到新的名字。
They don't get called robot anymore because they actually serve a purpose in our lives. 它們不再被稱為機器人, 因為,在我們的人生中, 它們有目的、用途。
Similarly , a thermostat , right? 同樣的,自動調溫器,對吧？
Similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; thermostat:n.恒温器;温度自动调节器
I know my robotics friends out there are probably cringing at me calling this a robot, but it has a goal. 我知道外頭那些機器人朋友們 大概對我稱呼它們為機器人 感到難為情, 但它有個目標,
robotics:n.机器人学; cringing:n.奉承(的);adj.谄媚(的);
Its goal is to make my house 66 degrees Fahrenheit , and it senses the world. 它的目標就是讓我的房子 維持在華氏 66 度。 它會感知這個世界,
Fahrenheit:adj.华氏的;华氏温度计的;n.华氏温度计;华氏温标;
It knows it's a little bit cold, it makes a plan and then it acts on the physical world. 知道有一點冷, 它會做計畫,然後 在實體世界採取行動。
It's robotics. 這就是機器人。
Even if it might not look like Rosie the Robot, it's doing something that's really useful in my life so I don't have to take care of turning the temperature up and down myself. 即使它看起來不像 《傑森一家》裡的機器人, 但在我的人生中, 它所做的事非常有用, 它讓我不用去費心 自己把溫度調高調低。
And I think these systems live and work amongst us now, and not only are these systems living amongst us but you are probably a robot operator , too. 我認為,這些系統在 我們人類當中生活和工作, 且,不僅這些系統生活在我們當中, 你可能也是個機器人操作員。
operator:n.算子;接线员;操作人员;骗子;
When you drive your car, it feels like you are operating machinery . 當你駕駛你的車時, 感覺就像你在操作機械。
machinery:n.机械;机器;机构;机械装置;
You are also going from point A to point B, but your car probably has power steering , it probably has automatic braking systems, it might have an automatic transmission and maybe even adaptive cruise control . 你也是在從Ａ點前往Ｂ點, 但你的車可能有動力方向盤, 它可能有自動煞車系統, 它可能有自排變速箱, 甚至有主動車距控制巡航系統。
power steering:n.动力转向系统; automatic transmission:n.(机动车的)自动变速器; adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的; cruise control:n.定速巡航装置(让车辆以选定速度行驶);
And while it might not be a fully autonomous car, it has bits of autonomy , and they're so useful and they make us drive safer, and we just sort of feel like they're invisible-in-use, right? 雖然它可能不是完全自主的車, 它還是有一些自主性, 且這些自主性很有用, 讓我們能更安全地開車, 我們只會感覺到,在使用它們時, 它們好像隱形了,對嗎？
autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; autonomy:n.自治,自治权;
So when you're driving your car, you should just feel like you're going from one place to another. 當你在駕駛你的車時, 你應該只會感覺到你是 從一個地方到另一個地方。
It doesn't feel like it's this big thing that you have to deal with and operate and use these controls because we spent so long learning how to drive that they've become extensions of ourselves. 感覺並不像是件需要你 去處理、操作、使用 這些控制功能的大事, 因為我們花了太多時間學習駕駛, 以致於它們已經成了 我們自己的延伸體。
extensions:n.扩大;延伸;扩建部分;增建部分;(extension的复数)
When you park that car in that tight little garage space, you know where your corners are. 當你把車停在那狹小的車庫空間中, 你知道車子的邊角在什麼位置。
And when you drive a rental car that maybe you haven't driven before, it takes some time to get used to your new robot body. 當你開一輛你可能以前 沒開過的出租車時, 要花一點時間去習慣 你的機器人身體。
rental:n.租金收入,租金;租赁;adj.租赁的;收取租金的; get used to:开始习惯于
And this is also true for people who operate other types of robots, so I'd like to share with you a few stories about that. 操作其他種類的機器人也是這樣的, 所以我想要和各位 分享幾個相關的故事。
Dealing with the problem of remote collaboration . 處理遠端協同作業的問題。
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌;
So, at Willow Garage I had a coworker named Dallas , and Dallas looked like this. 在柳樹車庫,我有個同事叫達拉斯, 達拉斯看起來是這樣子。
coworker:n.同事;合作者; Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市);
He worked from his home in Indiana in our company in California. 在我們加州的公司中, 他在印第安納州的家中工作。
He was a voice in a box on the table in most of our meetings, which was kind of OK except that, you know, if we had a really heated debate and we didn't like what he was saying, we might just hang up on him. 在我們大部分的會議中, 他是桌上盒子裡傳出來的聲音, 這樣是還好,不過,你們知道的, 如果我們發生火熱的辯論, 且我們不喜歡他的說法時, 我們可能就會把他掛斷。
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; hang up on:因;挂断电话;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
Then we might have a meeting after that meeting and actually make the decisions in the hallway afterwards when he wasn't there anymore. 在那場會議後, 我們會再開一場會議, 且之後就在走廊做決策, 當他不在那裡的時候。
So that wasn't so great for him. 那對他而言並非好事。
And as a robotics company at Willow, we had some extra robot body parts laying around, so Dallas and his buddy Curt put together this thing, which looks kind of like Skype on a stick on wheels, which seems like a techy , silly toy, 柳樹車庫是間機器人公司, 在公司裡滿地都是 機器人的身體部件, 所以,達拉斯和他的伙伴柯特 組裝了這個東西, 看起來像是 Skype 接著一根棍子且下面有輪子, 它看來是個很蠢的科技玩具,
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外: buddy:n.伙伴,好朋友;密友;小男孩;v.做好朋友,交朋友; Curt:adj.简略的;简要的;草率的;简单粗暴的; put together:..放在一起;组合;装配; Skype:n.网络电话(一个网络语音沟通工具); techy:adj.易怒的;暴躁的;
but really it's probably one of the most powerful tools that I've seen ever made for remote collaboration. 但其實,它可能是我所見過 所有為了遠端協同作業所製出 最強大工具中的其中之一。
So now, if I didn't answer Dallas' email question, he could literally roll into my office, block my doorway and ask me the question again -- 所以,現在,如果我沒回覆 達拉斯在電子郵件中問的問題, 他可以直接進入我的辦公室, 擋住我的門,再問我一次那個問題
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: doorway:n.门口;途径;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
until I answered it. 直到我回答為止。
And I'm not going to turn him off, right? That's kind of rude. 我不會把他關機, 對吧？那樣有點失禮。
Not only was it good for these one-on-one communications, but also for just showing up at the company all-hands meeting. 它不只很適合用在一對一的溝通上, 也很適合出席公司的全員大會。
one-on-one:adj.一对一的;直接对立的;adv.一对一;面对面;n.一对一的比赛;
Getting your butt in that chair and showing people that you're present and committed to your project is a big deal and can help remote collaboration a ton. 把你的屁股坐到椅子上, 讓人們看到你有出席, 有投入你的專案計畫, 這是很重要的, 且能大大協助遠端協同作業。
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) a big deal:na.要人;重要的事;
We saw this over the period of months and then years, not only at our company but at others, too. 在數個月、接著數年的期間, 我們都看到這個狀況, 不只在我們的公司裡, 也在其他公司裡。
The best thing that can happen with these systems is that it starts to feel like you're just there. 對於這些系統,最棒的情況就是 你開始覺得你就是在那裡。
It's just you, it's just your body, and so people actually start to give these things personal space. 那就是你,那就是你的身體, 所以人們開始留 個人空間給這些東西。
So when you're having a stand-up meeting, people will stand around the space just as they would if you were there in person. 當你參加一場站立會議時, 人們在那空間中站立的位置, 就跟真人開會時的情況一樣。
stand-up:起立
That's great until there's breakdowns and it's not. 一切都很美好, 直到當機,就不好了。
breakdowns:n.故障;受控制帧;节奏鼓点(breakdown的复数);
People, when they first see these robots, are like, "Wow, where's the components ? There must be a camera over there," 當人們初次看到這些機器人時, 通常會:「哇,零件在哪裡？ 這裡一定有個攝影機。」
components:n.部件;组件;成份(component复数);
and they start poking your face. 他們開始戳你的臉。
poking:v.捅;推;戳;探;露出;伸出;探出;(poke的现在分词)
'"You're talking too softly , I'm going to turn up your volume ," 「你說話太輕柔了, 我要把你的音量調高。」
softly:adv.温柔地;柔和地;柔软地;静静地; volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
which is like having a coworker walk up to you and say, "You're speaking too softly, I'm going to turn up your face." 這感覺就像有個同事 走到你面前,說: 「你說話太輕柔了, 我來把你的臉調一下。」
That's awkward and not OK, and so we end up having to build these new social norms around using these systems. 那挺尷尬的,且不太好, 所以我們最後就建立了使用 這些系統時的新社交規範。
awkward:adj.尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
Similarly, as you start feeling like it's your body, you start noticing things like, "Oh, my robot is kind of short." 同樣的,當你開始覺得 它是你身體的一部分時, 你就會開始注意到一些事: 「喔,我的機器人有點矮。」
Dallas would say things to me -- he was six-foot tall -- and we would take him via robot to cocktail parties and things like that, as you do, and the robot was about five-foot-tall, which is close to my height. 達拉斯會對我說些事。他有六呎高。 而我們會透過機器人帶他去 雞尾酒派對之類的活動, 跟你會做的一樣。 而機器人大約五呎高,和我差不多。
via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道; cocktail:n.鸡尾酒;开味食品;n.混合物;adj.鸡尾酒的;
And he would tell me, "You know, people are not really looking at me. 他會告訴我: 「你知道嗎,人們沒有真正看著我。
I feel like I'm just looking at this sea of shoulders, and it's just -- we need a taller robot." 我覺得我好像是看著一片肩膀海, 那就是──我們需要更高的機器人。」
And I told him, "Um, no. 而我告訴他: 「呃,不。
You get to walk in my shoes for today. 今天,你要嚐嚐當我的滋味。
You get to see what it's like to be on the shorter end of the spectrum ." 你可以體會一下身為 比較矮的族群是什麼感覺。」
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
And he actually ended up building a lot of empathy for that experience, which was kind of great. 結果他從那次經驗 建立起了相當的同理心, 這樣挺好的。
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着;
So when he'd come visit in person, he no longer stood over me as he was talking to me, he would sit down and talk to me eye to eye, which was kind of a beautiful thing. 所以當他親自來造訪時, 他若要跟我說話, 也不會站得比我高, 他會坐下來, 和我能真正面對面談話, 這是件很美好的事。
So we actually decided to look at this in the laboratory and see what others kinds of differences things like robot height would make. 所以,我們決定在 實驗室中研究這一點, 看看像類似機器人身高 這種特性會造什麼其他的差異。
laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
And so half of the people in our study used a shorter robot, half of the people in our study used a taller robot and we actually found that the exact same person 在我們的研究中,半數 受試者使用較矮的機器人, 另外半數則用較高的機器人, 結果發現,當同一個人
who has the exact same body and says the exact same things as someone, is more persuasive and perceived as being more credible if they're in a taller robot form. 用同樣的身體,說同樣的話, 如果用比較高的機器人, 就會比較有說服力, 且被認為比較可靠。
persuasive:adj.有说服力的;劝诱的,劝说的; perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词) credible:adj.可靠的,可信的;
It makes no rational sense, but that's why we study psychology . 這沒有理性的解釋, 但那就是為什麼我們要研究心理學。
rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的; psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
And really, you know, the way that Cliff Nass would put this is that we're having to deal with these new technologies despite the fact that we have very old brains. 其實,用克利福德那斯的說法, 我們得要處理這些嶄新的技術, 儘管我們的大腦是老舊的。
Cliff:n.悬崖;绝壁; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
Human psychology is not changing at the same speed that tech is and so we're always playing catch-up , trying to make sense of this world where these autonomous things are running around. 人類心理學的改變速度沒有科技快, 所以我們一直在努力追趕, 試圖把這個有很多自動的東西 跑來跑去的世界給合理化。
catch-up:与…并驾齐驱(towith);扰乱(说话人);赶上;追上;跟上; make sense of:搞清…的意思;
Usually, things that talk are people, not machines, right? 通常,會說話的就是人, 不是機器,對嗎？
And so we breathe a lot of meaning into things like just height of a machine, not a person, and attribute that to the person using the system. 所以我們把很多的意義帶到 像機器高度這樣的事物中, 而非人, 然後將之歸因給使用系統的人。
attribute:n.属性;象征;v.把…归因于;认为…属于;认为某人(某物)具有某种特性;
You know, this, I think, is really important when you're thinking about robotics. 當談到機器人學的時候, 我認為這點十分重要。
It's not so much about reinventing humans, it's more about figuring out how we extend ourselves, right? 它的重點並不是在重新發明人類, 比較是在於我們要如何 延伸我們自己,對嗎？
reinventing:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;(reinvent的现在分词) extend:vt.延伸; vi.延伸;
And we end up using things in ways that are sort of surprising. 結果是,我們會用 蠻讓人訝異的方式來使用東西。
So these guys can't play pool because the robots don't have arms, but they can heckle the guys who are playing pool and that can be an important thing for team bonding, which is kind of neat . 這些人無法玩撞球, 因為機器人沒有手臂, 但他們能和玩撞球的那些人起鬨, 那對於團隊連結來說 可能是件重要的事, 這樣挺好的。
heckle:v.起哄;(对演说者)诘问;n.梳理;麻梳;[印]针排; neat:adj.整洁的;整齐的;有序的;有条理的;
People who get really good at operating these systems will even do things like make up new games, like robot soccer in the middle of the night, pushing the trash cans around. 非常擅長操作這些系統的人 能做到像是創造新遊戲這類的事, 比如半夜玩機器人足球, 把垃圾筒推來推去。
trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
But not everyone's good. 但並非每個人都很擅長。
A lot of people have trouble operating these systems. 有些人在操作這些 系統時會遇到問題。
This is actually a guy who logged into the robot and his eyeball was turned 90 degrees to the left. 這個人登入了機器人, 而他的眼球向左轉了九十度。
logged:v.把…载入正式记录;记录;行驶;采伐;(log的过去分词和过去式) eyeball:n.眼球;眼珠;v.瞪着;逼视;盯住
He didn't know that, so he ended up just bashing around the office, running into people's desks, getting super embarrassed , laughing about it -- his volume was way too high. 他自己並沒察覺, 結果他在辦公室裡頭亂撞, 撞到別人的桌子,弄得非常尷尬, 因此而大笑。他的音量太高了。
bashing:n.严厉批评;殴打;v.猛击;猛撞;严厉批评;(bash的现在分词) embarrassed:adj.尴尬的;窘迫的;v.使...局促不安;(embarrass的过去分词和过去式)
And this guy here in the image is telling me, "We need a robot mute button ." 而照片裡的這個人告訴我: 「我們需要機器人靜音按鈕。」
mute button:n.静音键;静音按钮;
And by that what he really meant was we don't want it to be so disruptive . 他那麼說的意思是,我們不希望 機器人會這樣引起混亂。
disruptive:adj.破坏的;分裂性的;制造混乱的;
So as a robotics company, we added some obstacle avoidance to the system. 所以,既然我們是機器人公司, 我們就在系統上加裝了 障礙閃避功能。
avoidance:n.逃避;废止;职位空缺;
It got a little laser range finder that could see the obstacles , and if I as a robot operator try to say, run into a chair, it wouldn't let me, it would just plan a path around, which seems like a good idea. 機器人有了一個小雷射測距儀, 能夠看見障礙物, 如果我在操作機器人時, 試圖比如撞向一張椅子, 它不會讓我這麼做,它會規劃繞路, 這看似是個好主意。
finder:n.发现者;寻得者; obstacles:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;(obstacle的复数形式)
People did hit fewer obstacles using that system, obviously, but actually, for some of the people, it took them a lot longer to get through our obstacle course , and we wanted to know why. 很顯然,用了那個系統之後, 人們比較少撞到障礙物, 但,對一些人而言, 他們要花比較長的時間 通過障礙物課程, 我們想要知道為什麼。
obstacle course:n.障碍赛跑场地;艰险;重重困难;近战训练场;
It turns out that there's this important human dimension -- a personality dimension called locus of control, and people who have a strong internal locus of control, 結果發現,有個很重要的人類維度, 一個人格維度,叫做「控制點」, 如果一個人有很強的內在控制點,
dimension:n.方面;[数]维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸;adj.规格的; personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色; locus:n.[数]轨迹;地点,所在地; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的;
they need to be the masters of their own destiny -- really don't like giving up control to an autonomous system -- so much so that they will fight the autonomy; "If I want to hit that chair, I'm going to hit that chair." 他會想要主宰自己的命運, 他們不喜歡把控制權交給自動系統 以致會去對抗自動化: 「如果我想要撞到椅子, 我就要撞到椅子。」
destiny:n.命运,定数,天命;
And so they would actually suffer from having that autonomous assistance, which is an important thing for us to know as we're building increasingly autonomous, say, cars, right? 自動化的協助反而會 讓這類人很辛苦, 我們能知道這點是很重要的, 畢竟我們在建立越來越 自動化的…比如汽車,對吧？
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
How are different people going to grapple with that loss of control? 要如何讓不同型的人使用而不失控？
grapple:v.扭打;搏斗;努力设法解决;n.格斗;紧握;抓机;
It's going to be different depending on human dimensions . 不同的人類維度會有不同的方式。
dimensions:n.规模,大小;
We can't treat humans as if we're just one monolithic thing. 我們不能把人看成是單一的東西。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; monolithic:adj.整体的;巨石的,庞大的;完全统一的;n.单块集成电路,单片电路;
We vary by personality, by culture, we even vary by emotional state moment to moment, and being able to design these systems, these human-robot interaction systems, we need to take into account the human dimensions, not just the technological ones. 我們有不同的人格、文化, 我們甚至在不同時刻 會有不同的情緒狀態, 如果要能夠設計這些系統, 這些人類與機器人的互動系統, 我們就得要考量人類維度, 不只是技術維度。
vary:vi.变化;变异;违反;vt.改变;使多样化;变奏; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; take into account:考虑;重视;体谅; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
Along with a sense of control also comes a sense of responsibility. 隨著控制感而來的,就是責任感。
And if you were a robot operator using one of these systems, this is what the interface would look like. 如果你是個在使用 這些系統的機器人操作員, 介面看起來就是這樣子的。
interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接;
It looks a little bit like a video game , which can be good because that's very familiar to people, but it can also be bad because it makes people feel like it's a video game. 它看起來有一點像電玩遊戲, 這是好事,因為人們熟悉它; 但也可能是壞事, 因為它會讓人們覺得 它是個電玩遊戲。
video game:n.电子游戏; familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
We had a bunch of kids over at Stanford play with the system and drive the robot around our office in Menlo Park, and the kids started saying things like, "10 points if you hit that guy over there. 20 points for that one." 我們找了一群小朋友 到史丹佛來玩這個系統, 操作我們在門洛公園 辦公室裡的機器人, 小朋友們開始說像這樣的話: 「如果你撞到那邊的那個人, 得十分,那個人則是二十分。」
And they would chase them down the hallway. 他們會在走廊上追著目標跑。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
I told them, "Um, those are real people. 我告訴他們:「呃,那些是真人。
They're actually going to bleed and feel pain if you hit them." 如果你們撞到他們, 他們真的會流血且會痛。」
bleed:v.流血;失血;放掉;散开;n.[印]出血版
And they'd be like, "OK, got it." 他們才說:「好,了解。」
But five minutes later, they would be like, "20 points for that guy over there, he just looks like he needs to get hit." 但五分鐘之後,他們又會說: 「撞到那邊那個人有二十分, 他看起來需要被撞一下。」
It's a little bit like "Ender's Game," right? 這有一點像《戰爭遊戲》,對嗎？
There is a real world on that other side and I think it's our responsibility as people designing these interfaces to help people remember that there's real consequences to their actions and to feel a sense of responsibility when they're operating these increasingly autonomous things. 在另一端有一個真實的世界, 我認為我們身為人的責任, 是要設計這些介面 來協助人們記得 他們的行為會造成真實的後果, 讓他們在操作這些 越來越自動的東西時, 能夠有責任感。
interfaces:n.分界面; v.把界面缝合; (interface的复数) consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
These are kind of a great example of experimenting with one possible robotic future, and I think it's pretty cool that we can extend ourselves and learn about the ways that we extend ourselves into these machines 這些是很棒的例子, 說明對一種可能的 機器人未來所做的實驗, 我覺得我們能將自己 延伸出去,是挺酷的事, 同時也能學習我們 將自己延伸出去的方式, 延伸至機器中,
while at the same time being able to express our humanity and our personality. 同時還能表現出我們的人性 以及我們的個性。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
We also build empathy for others in terms of being shorter, taller, faster, slower, and maybe even armless , which is kind of neat. 我們也會建立對他人的同理心, 理解那些比較矮、比較高、 比較快、比較慢, 甚至沒有手臂的人, 這樣挺好的。
armless:adj.无扶手的;无臂的;无武器的;
We also build empathy for the robots themselves. 我們也會建立 對機器人本身的同理心。
This is one of my favorite robots. 這是我最喜歡的機器人之一。
It's called the Tweenbot. 它叫 Tweenbot。
And this guy has a little flag that says, "I'm trying to get to this intersection in Manhattan," 這傢伙有一面小旗子,上面寫著: 「我想前往曼哈頓的 這個十字路口。」
intersection:n.交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点;
and it's cute and rolls forward, that's it. 它很可愛,會向前跑,就這樣。
It doesn't know how to build a map, it doesn't know how to see the world, it just asks for help. 它不知道如何建立地圖, 它不知道如何看世界, 它只會尋求協助。
The nice thing about people is that it can actually depend upon the kindness of strangers. 而人們很棒的一點, 就是它真的可以仰賴陌生人的善心。
depend upon:依赖;取决于;
It did make it across the park to the other side of Manhattan -- which is pretty great -- just because people would pick it up and point it in the right direction. 它真的穿過公園到了 曼哈頓的另一端。 這很棒, 因為人們會把它拿起來, 轉向正確的方向。
(Laughter) 那樣很棒,對嗎？
And that's great, right? 那樣很棒,對嗎？
We're trying to build this human-robot world in which we can coexist and collaborate with one another, and we don't need to be fully autonomous and just do things on our own. 我們在試著建立 人類──機器人的世界, 在這個世界中,我們彼此能 共同存在且和諧地共事, 我們不用完全自動化, 也不用只靠自己做事。
coexist:vi.共存;和平共处; collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌;
We actually do things together. 而是真正能夠一起做事。
And to make that happen, we actually need help from people like the artists and the designers, the policy makers, the legal scholars , psychologists , sociologists , anthropologists -- we need more perspectives in the room 要實現這個理想, 我們其實需要其他人的協助, 像是藝術家、設計師、 政策制訂者、法律學者、 心理學家、社會學家、人類學家 ── 我們需要更多的觀點參與討論,
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; scholars:n.学者们(scholar的复数); psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); sociologists:n.社会学家; anthropologists:[人类]人类学家; perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式);
if we're going to do the thing that Stu Card says we should do, which is invent the future that we actually want to live in. 如果我們要做史都華卡德 說我們應該做的事情, 也就是:發明一個會讓我們 想要住在其中的未來。
And I think we can continue to experiment with these different robotic futures together, and in doing so, we will end up learning a lot more about ourselves. 我認為我們能持續做實驗, 將不同的機器人未來一起拿來實驗, 這麼做,我們最後就能學到 很多關於我們自己的事。
Thank you. 謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）