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LawrenceLessig_2010X-_重新审视混搭文化_
I want to talk about what we learn from conservatives . 我想告诉大家 我们可以从保守的角度学到什么。
conservatives:n.保守党,保守派;
And I'm at a stage in life where I'm yearning for my old days, so I want to confess to you that when I was a kid, indeed, I was a conservative. 我站在我渴望已久的人生舞台上 坦白的告诉各位 当我还是一个小孩时 我已经是保守派了
yearning:n.向往;渴望;adj.思慕的;渴望的;v.渴望;渴求;(yearn的现在分词) confess:v.承认;坦白;忏悔;供认;
I was a Young Republican, a Teenage Republican, a leader in the Teenage Republicans . 我曾经是少年共和党员, 担任过青少年共和党的领袖
Republicans:n.共和党,共和党员;(republican的复数形式)
Indeed, I was the youngest member of any delegation in the 1980 convention that elected Ronald Reagan to be the Republican nominee for president. 实际上,我曾是最年轻的成员 在所有代表团中都是 1980年共和党大会上,罗纳德里根被选中 他被提名为共和党的总统候选人
delegation:n.代表团;授权;委托; nominee:n.被任命者;被提名的人;代名人;
Now, I know what you're thinking. 现在我知道你们在想什么。
(Laughter) （笑声）
You're thinking, "That's not what the Internets say." 你们在想:“网上可没这么说。”
Internets:n.因特网;
You're thinking, " Wikipedia doesn't say this fact." 你们会想:“维基百科上没有提到呀。”
Wikipedia:维基百科;
And indeed, this is just one of the examples of the junk that flows across the tubes in these Internets here. 实际上,这就是一个例子 一个网上垃圾信息泛滥的例子 在互联网上
Wikipedia reports that this guy, this former congressman from Erie, Pennsylvania was, at the age of 20, one of the youngest people at the Republican National Convention , but it's just not true. 维基百科记载了这个家伙, 这位来自伊利市的前宾夕法尼亚众议院国会议员 曾在20岁时作为最年轻的参会者之一 参加了共和党全国大会 但这不对。
congressman:n.国会议员;众议院议员; Pennsylvania:n.宾夕法尼亚州(美国州名); National Convention:n.(尤指美国政党推选总统候选人的)全国代表大会;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Indeed, it drives me so nuts, let me just change this little fact here. 事实上,这条很让我难受,让我现在就把它纠正过来。
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
All right. Okay, so ... perfect. 好了,这样才完美。
Perfect. 非常好。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Okay, speaker Lawrence Lessig, right. 好的,演讲者劳伦斯莱斯格,对了。
Okay. 好。
Finally , truth will be brought here. 最后,真相将被写到这里。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Okay, see? It's done. It's almost done. Here we go. 看到没？完成了,差不多了,我们继续。
'"... Youngest Republican," okay, we're finished. “最年轻的共和党员” 很好,我们搞订了。
That's it. Please save this. 请保存。
Great, here we go. 这样就可以了。
And ... Wikipedia is fixed, finally. 维基百科最终还是被修正了
Okay, but no, this is really besides the point. 好吧,这已超出我们的话题了。
besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
But the thing I want you to think about when we think about conservatives -- not so much this issue of the 1980 convention -- the thing to think about is this: 但我希望大家想一想当我们想到保守－ 不过多涉及到这个1980年大会上的问题－ 我们考虑以下这个问题:
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
They go to church. 他们去教堂。
Now, you know, I mean, a lot of people go to church. 你知道有很多人去教堂。
I'm not talking about that only conservatives go to church. 我不是说只有保守派才去教堂。
And I'm not talking about the God thing. 我也不是在谈神和信仰。
I don't want to get into that, you know; that's not my point. 我不想讨论那些,你们知道那不是我今天的重点。
They go to church, by which I mean, they do lots of things for free for each other. 他们去教堂,我指的是, 他们为其他人做了很多事,并且是免费的。
They hold potluck dinners. 他们准备免费晚餐
potluck:n.家常便饭;百乐餐(每人自带一个菜的家庭聚会);
Indeed, they sell books about potluck dinners. 当然,他们会出售关于免费信徒晚餐的书籍
They serve food to poor people. 他们为穷人提供食物。
They share, they give, they give away for free. 他们分享。他们奉献, 他们无私奉献。
And it's the very same people leading Wall Street firms who, on Sundays, show up and share. 而且同样是这些人 领导着华尔街上的公司 到了礼拜天,去教会 去分享。
Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地);
And not only food, right. 而且不仅是食物。
These very same people are strong believers , in lots of contexts , in the limits on the markets. 这些非常类似的人 有强烈的信仰,在许多的情境中, 在有限的市场下。
believers:n.信徒;相信的人;(believer的复数) contexts:n.环境,[计]上下文(context复数);
They are in many important places against markets. 他们无处不在 与市场背道而驰
Indeed, they, like all of us, celebrate this kind of relationship. 实际上他们和我们一样庆祝这种关系。
But they're very keen that we don't let money drop into that relationship, else it turns into something like this. 但是他们非常敏锐的杜绝我们 让金钱介入这种关系, 否则那将变成这样的东西。
keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌;
They want to regulate us, those conservatives, to stop us from allowing the market to spread in those places. 他们想规范我们,那些保守派, 组织我们将市场化的东西扩展到那些地方。
regulate:v.调节;控制;
Because they understand: 因为他们深知,
There are places for the market and places where the market should not exist, where we should be free to enjoy the fellowship of others. 有哪里可以有市场 而另外一些地方不应该存在市场, 那儿我们应该保持免费 从而享受彼此间的和谐关系。
fellowship:n.友谊;奖学金;研究员职位;
They recognize : Both of these things have to live together. 他们认识到,市场和非市场必需共存。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
And the second great thing about conservatives: they get ecology. 而关于保守的第二伟大的事 他们关注生态
Right, it was the first great Republican president of the 20th century who taught us about environmental thinking -- Teddy Roosevelt. 是的,那是20世纪第一位伟大的共和党总统 他教会我们 用环境思维思考,他就是泰迪罗斯福。
Teddy:泰迪玩具熊
They first taught us about ecology in the context of natural resources . 他们是第一个让我们了解生态学 在自然资源中的地位。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
And then they began to teach us in the context of innovation , economics. 然后他们开始教我们在大背景中思考 新制度,新经济
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
They understand, in that context, "free." They understand "free" is an important essential part of the cultural ecology as well. 他们深刻理解 免费的重要性 同时也是文化生态 的重要组成
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
That's the thing I want you to think about them. 那是我想让大家思考的东西
Now, I know you don't believe me, really, here. 现在我知道 你们在这里,实际上不相信我。
So here's exhibit number one. 所以这儿给大家看第一个例子。
exhibit:v.展览;表现;展出;n.陈列品;(在法庭上出示的)物证;
I want to share with you my latest hero, Julian Sanchez, a libertarian who works at the, for many people, " evil " Cato Institute . 我想和你们分享我的最新英雄,朱利安桑切斯, 一个自由工作者为大家而工作, “邪恶的”卡托研究所
libertarian:adj.自由的;自由论者的;持自由论的;n.自由意志主义者;行动自由论者; evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
Okay, so Julian made this video. 好,所以朱利安制作了这个短片
He's a terrible producer of videos, but it's great content , so I'm going to give you a little bit of it. 他是一个糟糕的视频制作人, 但是内容很棒,所以我给大家分享一点。
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
So here he is beginning. 这儿是开头。
Julian Sanchez: I'm going to make an observation about the way remix culture seems to be evolving ... 朱利安桑切斯:我将告诉大家一个发现 一个关于混合文化衍化的方式。
observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论; remix:vt.使再混合;再搅拌;重新合成(乐曲等);n.混录版歌曲; evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词)
Larry Lessig: So what he does is he begins to tell us about these three videos. 拉里莱斯格:所以他在开始告诉我们 关于这三个视频。
This is this fantastic Brat Pack remix set to Lisztomania. 这是一个很棒的混音作品 定为李斯特狂
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 Brat Pack:n.新星帮(少年得志、有时行为不端的一伙电影明星等);
Which, of course, spread virally . 当然传播的很快
virally:adj.[医学](滤过性)病毒的;(滤过性)病毒引起的;
Hugely successful. 取得巨大的成功
(Music) （音乐）
And then some people from Brooklyn saw it. 然后一些来自布鲁克林的人看到了它。
They decided they wanted to do the same. 他们决定做一个相同的作品
(Music) （音乐）
And then, of course, people from San Fransisco saw it. 在然后,当然,是来自旧金山的人们看到了它。
And San Franciscans thought they had to do the same as well. 然后旧金山人想着他们必须也做一个同样好的作品。
(Music) （音乐）
And so they're beautiful, but this libertarian has some important lessons he wants us to learn from this. 他们做得相当漂亮,但是这种自由主义 有很多重要的教训值得我们吸取。
Here's lesson number one. 第一条。
JS: There's obviously also something really deeply great about this. 朱利安:显而易见这其中有着深刻而伟大的东西。
They are acting in the sense that they're emulating the original mashup . 他们即兴表演 模仿原来的混音
emulating:v.仿效(emulate的ing形式); original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; mashup:n.混搭程式;混搭网站;混合;
And the guy who shot it obviously has a strong eye and some experience with video editing . 而且拍摄这作品的家伙很有眼光 并有不少视频编辑的经验
editing:v.编辑,校订(文章、书籍等);编选;(edit的现在分词)
But this is also basically just a group of friends having an authentic social moment and screwing around together. 但基本上这个作品也只是由一群好朋友 相互有着真实的社交活动 并聚在一起。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的; screwing:v.用螺丝固定(或拧牢);拧紧;拧上去;(screw的现在分词)
It should feel familiar and kind of resonate for anyone who's had a sing-a-long or a dance party with a group of good friends. 这似乎听起来熟悉并且合理 对于那些参加长时间歌唱和舞蹈派对的人们 有着这样一群好友
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; resonate:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
LL: Or ... 拉里:或者
JS: So that's importantly different from the earlier videos we looked at because here, remix isn't just about an individual doing something alone in his basement; it becomes an act of social creativity. 朱利安:所以与我们看到的早期的视频有很大区别 因为在这里,混合的不仅仅是 一个独立的基本事物; 它成为了一种社会创造力的体现。
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
And it's not just that it yields a different kind of product at the end, it's that potentially it changes the way that we relate to each other. 并且他不局限在自身 最终诞生一种新的产品, 它具有改变我们相互依赖方式的潜力。
yields:n.生产量,投资效益(yield的复数形式); v.[经]生产; potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
All of our normal social interactions become a kind of invitation to this sort of collective expression . 我们所有的社会互动 成为了一种邀请 对于这种集体表达。
interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) invitation:n.邀请,引诱 collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
It's our real social lives themselves that are transmuted into art. 这使我们真实社会活了起来 这就转变成了艺术。
transmuted:vt.使变形;使变质;vi.变形;变质;
LL: And so then, what this libertarian draws from these two points ... 拉里:所以这为自由主义者提出这两点
JS: One remix is about individuals using our shared culture as a kind of language to communicate something to an audience. 朱利安:一种混搭是关于 独立地使用我们共享的文化 好比一种与听众沟通的语言。
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
Stage two, social remix, is really about using it to mediate people's relationships to each other. 第二阶段,社会混搭, 这才是真正吧它当成一种媒介 连接人与人之间的关系。
mediate:vi.调解;斡旋;居中;vt.调停;传达;adj.间接的;居间的;
First, within each video, the Brat Pack characters are used as a kind of template for performing the social reality of each group. 首先,在这视频中, 后起之秀的角色被当作一种样本 用来表现每个团体的社会现实
template:n.模板,样板; performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
But there's also a dialogue between the videos, where, once the basic structure is established , it becomes a kind of platform for articulating the similarities and differences between the groups' social and physical worlds. 但是这些视频之间也存在对话, 一旦基本结构建立起来后, 它就成为了一种平台 做为表述相似与区别的平台 在不同的社团和物理世界中存在。
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; articulating:v.清晰地发(音); adj.发音清晰的; similarities:n.相仿性;类似性;相像处;(similarity的复数) physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
LL: And then, here's for me, the critical key to what 拉里:然后,对我而言, 这个评论的要点是
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
Julian has to say ... 朱利安必须说。
JS: Copyright policy isn't just about how to incentivize the production of a certain kind of artistic commodity; it's about what level of control we're going to permit to be exercised over our social realities -- social realities that are now inevitably permeated by pop culture. 朱利安:版权政策不仅仅关于 如何奖励作品的作者 那些特定种类的艺术家团体 它还关系到能控制哪一层面 我们可以允许它们被用来 控制我们的社会现实, 社会现实在现在必然地, 被流行文化渗透。
Copyright:n.版权;著作权;adj.受版权保护的;未经准许不得复制的;v.获得…的版权; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; incentivize:以物质刺激鼓励; artistic:adj.艺术的;风雅的;有美感的; inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地; permeated:v.弥漫(permeate的过去式和过去分词);遍布;渗入;渗透;
I think it's important that we keep these two different kinds of public goods in mind. 我认为这很重要 我们在心中保留两种不同的公共物品
If we're only focused on how to maximize the supply of one, 如果我们只是将目光放在 供应如何最大化
maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值;
I think we risk suppressing this different and richer and, in some ways, maybe even more important one. 我认为我们应冒险放弃这一点 区分并且丰富 一些在其他层面看来更重要的东西。
suppressing:adj.制止的;v.镇压;禁止(suppress的现在分词);
LL: Right. Bingo . Point. 拉里:对,正是这点。
Bingo:int.答对了;n.宾戈游戏;
Freedom needs this opportunity to both have the commercial success of the great commercial works and the opportunity to build this different kind of culture. 自由需要这个机会 获取商业成功 作为商业作品 并且建立不同 种类文化的机会
commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
And for that to happen, you need ideas like fair use to be central and protected, to enable this kind of innovation, as this libertarian tells us, between these two creative cultures, a commercial and a sharing culture. 为了这个目标,你需要 很多点子用来保护公平使用 使得这种启发可能 正如自由主义者告诉我们的, 在这两种创造性的文化之间, 有着一个商业的和另一个可分享的文化
enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; creative:adj.创造性的;
The point is they, he, here, gets that culture. 重点是他们,他,这里, 获得那种文化。
Now, my concern is, we Dems , too often, not so much. 现在,我担心的是,我们民主党人, 常常,不是那么多。
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; Dems:abbr.开发工程管理系统(DevelopmentEngineeringManagementSystem);
All right, take for example this great company. 好,以这个大公司为例子。
In the good old days when this Republican ran that company, their greatest work was work that built on the past, right. 在美好的过去,共和党人曾经经营这个公司, 他们的出色工作建立了过去的辉煌。
All of the great Disney works were works that took works that were in the public domain and remixed them, or waited until they entered the public domain to remix them, to celebrate this add-on remix creativity. 所有杰出的迪斯尼作品 都是来源于其他作品 那些作品属于公共领域的并且被重新解构 或者等到他们进入了公有领域再重构他们, 庆祝这个附加的创意
Disney:n.迪斯尼(美国动画影片制作家及制片人); public domain:n.(用于不受版权保护的财产)公有领域; remixed:v.混音;再混合(remix的过去分词);adj.混音的; add-on:n.一种硬件设备(用于加在计算机上以扩展其功能);追加;
Indeed, Mickey Mouse himself, of course, as " Steamboat Willie," 事实上,米老鼠自身出现在 “汽船威利号”的形象
Mickey Mouse:[口语][电影,电视];(在动画片等中)为动作配上背景音乐; Steamboat:n.汽船,轮船;
is a remix of the then, very dominant , very popular "Steamboat Bill" 就是借鉴当时非常流行的 “汽船比利号”
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
by Buster Keaton. 由巴斯特·基顿创作
This man was a remixer extraordinaire . 他才是一位杰出的再创作大师
remixer:n.混音师;重复搅拌机; extraordinaire:adj.(法语)特别的;非凡的;异常的;
He is the celebration and ideal of exactly this kind of creativity. 他值得称颂 拥有这种创造力
But then the company passes through this dark stage to this Democrat . 但是公司把历史掩盖了 通过政治黑幕背后的交易 给这位民主党人
Democrat:n.民主党人;民主主义者;民主政体论者;
Wildly different. 截然不同的待遇
Wildly:adv.野生地;野蛮地;狂暴地;鲁莽地;
This is the mastermind behind the eventual passage of what we call the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, extending the term of existing copyrights by 20 years, so that no one could do to Disney what Disney did to the Brothers Grimm. 幕后的罪魁祸首 正是臭名昭著的 松尼波诺著作权期延长法案 将现有的版权年限 延长了20年 所以没有人可以对迪斯尼做 他们曾对格林兄弟所做的事
mastermind:v.策划;n.优秀策划者;才子; eventual:adj.最后的,结果的;可能的;终于的; Bono:n.宝鸟服饰;报喜鸟(品牌名); Extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机; extending:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;(extend的现在分词) copyrights:n.[法]版权(copyright的复数); v.保护版权;
Now, when we tried to challenge this, going to the Supreme Court , getting the Supreme Court , the bunch of conservatives there -- if we could get them to wake up to this -- to strike it down, we had the assistance of Nobel Prize winners including this right-wing 现在当我们试图挑战这点时 都要去最高法院接受那儿一群保守派的审判 如果我们让他们醒悟过来看到这一点然后推翻它。 我们有诺贝尔得主的帮助 包括这位右翼人士
Supreme Court:最高法院; bunch:n.群;串;突出物;vi.隆起;打褶;形成一串;vt.使成一串;使打褶; Nobel Prize:n.诺贝尔奖; right-wing:adj.右翼的;右派的;
Nobel Prize winner, Milton Friedman, who said he would join our brief only if the word " no brainer " 诺贝尔奖得主,米尔顿弗里德曼 曾说过他将加入我们部门 只要“脑残”这个词
no brainer:不需对其动脑筋的事物;
was in the brief somewhere. 能贴在办公室的某个地方。
(Laughter) (笑声）
But apparently , no brains existed in this place when Democrats passed and signed this bill into law. 但很明显,没有脑残 曾经在这里存在过 当民主党通过并签署法案 将它正式变为法律
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; Democrats:n.民主党员(democrat的复数);民主主义者;
Now, tiny little quibble of a footnote : 现在,我进行一个注解,
quibble:n.谬论;双关语;遁辞;vi.诡辩;挑剔;说模棱两可的话;vt.对…诡辩; footnote:n.脚注;补充说明;vt.给…作脚注;在脚注里评议;
Sonny Bono, you might say, was a Republican, but I don't buy it. 松尼波诺,也许你会说,他曾是共和党人, 但是我不买账。
This guy is no Republican. 这家伙绝不是共和党。
Okay, for a second example, think about this cultural hero, icon on the Left, creator of this character. 好的,举第二个例子, 想一想这个文化英雄, 左派人物, 这个角色的创造者。
Look at the site that he built: "Star Wars" MashUps, inviting people to come and use their creative energy to produce a new generation of attention towards this extraordinarily important cultural icon. 看看他建立的网站:“星球大战”恶搞, 邀请人们来这里使用他们的创作激情 去吸引新一代的注意力 对于这个杰出的重要文化象征。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; extraordinarily:adv.非常;格外地;非凡地;
Read the license . 读一下许可证。
license:v.许可;批准;
The license for these remixers assigns all of the rights to the remix back to Lucas. 对于这些再创作者的许可 赋予了所有权利 混搭作品版权属于卢卡斯
assigns:v.分配,分派(assign的单三形式);n.受让人,接受财产等转让的人(常用复数);
The mashup is owned by Lucas. 这些混搭是卢卡斯所有的。
Indeed, anything you add to the mashup, music you might add, 实际上,你添加的任何元素, 也许是一段音乐,
Lucas has a worldwide perpetual right to exploit that for free. 卢卡斯有了一个全世界范围的版权 免费的去开拓。
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; perpetual:adj.永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的; exploit:v.利用…为自己谋利;剥削;压榨;运用;发挥;
There is no creator here to be recognized . 在这里没有公认的创作者。
recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
The creator doesn't have any rights. 创作者没有任何权力。
The creator is a sharecropper in this story. 在故事里,创作者成了农民工。
sharecropper:n.(美)收益分成的佃农;
And we should remember who employed the sharecroppers : the Democrats, right? 我们应该记住 谁雇佣了这些佃农? 民主党,不是吗？
employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式) sharecroppers:n.(美)收益分成的佃农;
So the point is the Republicans here recognize that there's a certain need of ownership, a respect for ownership, the respect we should give the creator, the remixer, the owner, the property owner, the copyright owner of this extraordinarily powerful stuff , and not a generation of sharecroppers. 所以要点是共和党在这 认识到有这样的需求 需要所有权 尊重所有权, 我们应该给予创作者的, 再创作者,拥有者,财产所有者, 版权所有者 这个非常棒的玩意 而不是一代佃农。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
Now, I think there are lessons we should learn here, lessons about openness . 现在 关于开放的教训。
openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真;
Our lives are sharing activities, at least in part. 我们的生命是分享的活动, 至少部分是。
Even for the head of Goldman Sachs, at least in part. 即使是高盛公司的老板, 也有分享的部分。
And for that sharing activity to happen, we have to have well-protected spaces of fair use. 为了使得这样的分享可以实现,我们必须 保护好公平使用的空间。
That's number one. Number two: 这是第一点。第二点:
This ecology of sharing needs freedom within which to create. 分享的生态环境 需要自由 在自由中创作。
Freedom, which means without permission from anyone, the ability to create. 自由意味着没有任何人的允许, 有创作的能力。
And number three: We need to respect the creator, the creator of these remixes through rights that are directly tied to them. 第三点:我们需要 尊重创作者, 这些混搭作品的作者 通过将权力 与他们直接相连。
remixes:使再混合;再搅拌(remix的第三人称单数);混音版音乐(remix的复数); directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
Now, this explains the right-wing nonprofit 这也可以解释为何右翼会热衷于非盈利
nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的;
Creative Commons. 的创意共享（Creativecommons）
Actually, it's not a right-wing nonprofit, but of course -- let me just tie it here -- the Creative Commons, which is offering authors this simple way to mark their content with the freedoms they intended to carry. 实际上,这不只是一个右翼非盈利活动 让我把它联系到 创意共享 即让作者有了这个简单的方法标注他们的内容 在自由的条件下 只要他们想加上。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式)
So that we go from a "all rights reserved " world to a "some rights reserved " world so that people can know the freedoms they have attached to the content, building and creating on the basis of this creative copyrighted work. 所以我们从一个“版权所有”的世界 变为“版权部分所有”的世界 所以大家可以知道他们赋予作品内容的这种自由, 建立和创作 基于这种自由 创新已有版权的作品。
reserved:adj.内向的; v.预订,预约; (reserve的过去分词和过去式) attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式) on the basis of:根据;基于…; copyrighted:adj.有版权的;受版权保护的;
These tools that we built enable this sharing in parts through licenses that make it clear and a freedom to create without requiring permission first because the permission has already been granted 这些我们发明的工具 使得分享成为了一部分 通过许可明确了 自由创作的权力 在没有事先允许的情况下 因为一开始就给予了许可,
licenses:n.许可(license的复数);授权;v.允许(license的三单形式); granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
and a respect for the creator because it builds upon a copyright the creator has licensed freely. 以及对原创者的尊重因为它建立在 原创者的版权之上 已经被允许自由使用。
licensed:adj.得到许可的;获准拥有的;v.批准;许可(license的过去分词和过去式)
And it explains the vast right-wing conspiracy that's obviously developed around these licenses, as now more than 350 million digital objects are out there, licensed freely in this way. 这揭示了泛右翼论阴谋 很明显围绕这些协议不断发展, 至今已有3亿5000万数字作品 存在并允许自由使用 以这样的方式。
conspiracy:n.阴谋;共谋;阴谋集团; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
Now that picture of an ecology of creativity, the picture of an ecology of balanced creativity, is that the ecology of creativity we have right now? 现在那是一幅创造性生态图, 一幅生态平衡的 由创作环境, 这样的创作生态我们现在拥有了么？
Well, as you all know, not many of us believe we do. 正如大家知道的, 没有几个人相信我们有。
I tripped on the reality of this ecology of creativity just last week. 我就在现实的创作环境中栽了个跟头 就在上周。
tripped:v.绊;绊倒;将…绊倒;使跌倒;脚步轻快地走;(trip的过去分词和过去式)
I created a video which was based on a Wireside Chat that I'd given, and I uploaded it to YouTube. 我制作了一个视频是基于 我的一个演讲 我把它上传到了Youtube
uploaded:vt.上传;
I then got this email from YouTube weirdly notifying me that there was content in that owned by the mysterious WMG that matched their content ID. 然后我就收到了Youtube发来的电邮 莫名其妙的告知我 这些内容 不可思议的属于WMG公司 因为符合他们作品的特征
weirdly:adv.古怪地; notifying:v.(正式)通报,通知;(notify的现在分词) mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的;
So I didn't think much about it. 我并没怎么当回事
And then on Twitter, somebody said to me, "Your talk on YouTube was DMCA'd. Was that your purpose?" 接下来在推特上,有个人和我说, 你在Youube上的谈话被判侵权。你是故意的吗？
imagining that I had this deep conspiracy to reveal the obvious flaws in the DMCA. 想象一下如果我有这样险恶的阴谋 去揭露新千年数字版权法案显而易见的瑕疵。
reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; flaws:n.[材]缺陷;[力]裂缝(flaw的复数);v.有裂纹;使有裂缝(flaw的单三形式);
I answered, "No." I didn't even think about it. 我答道:“不。”我根本没有想到那样做。
But then I went to the site and all of the audio in my site had been silenced. 但随后我上了那个网站 我所有的语音被静音了。
audio:adj.声音的;录音的;
My whole 45-minute video had been silenced because there were snippets in that video, a video about fair use, that included Warner Music Group music. 我全长45分钟的视频 全部没有声音 因为这里面有一点点内容, 关于公平使用视频, 包含了华纳音乐集团的音乐。
snippets:n.片段(snippet的复数形式);小片; Warner:n.警告者;报警器;
Now, interestingly , they still sold ads for that music, if you played the silent video. 现在,有趣的是, 他们依然为那段音乐卖广告, 如果你播放了那段静音的视频。
interestingly:adv.有趣地;
You could still buy the music, but you couldn't hear anything because it had been silenced. 你仍然可以购买那段音乐, 但你听不到任何声音 因为被静音了。
So I did what the current regime says I must do to be free to use 所以我做了目前政府 让我必须做的 去自由使用
regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制;
YouTube to talk about fair use. YouTube谈论公平使用。
I went to this site, and I had to answer these questions. 我打开那个页面,我必须回答这些问题。
And then in an extraordinarily 然后在一个令人叫绝的的
Bart Simpson-like, juvenile way you've actually got to type out these words and get them right to reassert your freedom to speak. 像巴特·辛普森一样,幼稚的方式 你必须输入这些单词 并得到允许 去宣称你的言论自由
juvenile:adj.青少年的;幼稚的;n.青少年;少年读物; reassert:v.重复主张;再断言;
And I felt like I was in third grade again. 我感到我回到了小学三年级,
'"I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair. 我保证我不会把大头钉再放到老师椅子上。
tacks:n.大头钉; v.用平头钉钉住;
I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair." 我保证我不会把大头钉再放到老师椅子上。
This is absurd . 这很荒唐。
absurd:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;n.荒诞;荒诞作品;
It is outrageous . 太离奇了。
outrageous:adj.粗暴的;可恶的;令人吃惊的;
It is an extraordinary perversion of the system of freedom we should be encouraging. 这是对自由系统的扭曲 我们应该倍受鼓舞
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; perversion:n.反常行为;(性)变态;颠倒;歪曲;颠倒是非;
And the question I ask you is: Who's fighting it? 我想问的是:“谁在为此而奋斗？”
Well, interestingly, in the last presidential election, who was the number one, active opponent of this system of regulation in online speech? 是的,有趣的是,在上次总统大选中, 谁是头号积极分子 在反对这个行政系统 对在线发言的限制？
presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; opponent:n.对手;竞争者;反对者;阻止者;adj.反对的; regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的;
John McCain. 是约翰麦凯恩。
Letter after letter attacking YouTube's refusal to be more respectful of fair use with their extraordinary notice and take down system, that led his campaign so many times to be thrown off the Internet. 一份有一份批评Youube的封锁 倡导更值得尊敬的公平使用 凭借他们杰出的注意力并终止这个系统, 让他的竞选活动无数次的 被因特网抛弃。
refusal:n.拒绝;回绝; respectful:adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的;
Now, that was the story of me then, my good old days of right-wing lunacy . 现在,讲讲我自己的故事, 我美好的的右派疯狂岁月。
lunacy:n.精神失常;愚蠢的行为;
Let me come back to now, now when I'm a little leftist -- 让我回到当下, 现在当我作为一个小小的左倾分子
leftist:n.左派;急进派;左翼的人;左撇子;adj.左派的;左撇子的;急进派的;
I'm certainly left-handed , so at least a lefty -- 至少我是一个左撇子
left-handed:adj.左撇的;用左手的;笨拙的; lefty:n.左撇子;左翼分子;
And I wonder, can we on the Left expect to build this ecology of freedom, now, in a world where we know the extraordinarily powerful influences against it, where even icons of the Left like this entertain and push bills that would effectively ban the requirement of open access for government-funded research? 我想知道,我们能否站在左翼 期望去建立一个 自由的生态系统,就现在, 在世界的某个地点 我们知道有股强大的力量 会反对它, 甚至像这位左派的领袖 致力推进法案 有效地禁止那些要求 开放给政府资助地科研？
influences:n.影响; v.影响; entertain:v.娱乐;款待;使有兴趣;使快乐; ban:v.下令禁止;查禁;n.禁令; government-funded:政府资助的;
The president, who has supported a process that secretly negotiates agreements, which effectively lock us into the insane system of DMCA that we have adopted 总统本人,曾支持过 一个秘密协商的进行, 结果把我们困在了一个愚蠢的系统里 即数字千年版权法 我们已被迫适应
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; negotiates:vt.谈判,商议;转让;越过;vi.谈判,交涉; insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的; adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词);
and likely lock us down a path of three strikes, you're out that, of course, the rest of the world are increasingly adopting . 并被置于棒球中三震出局的境地 当然越来越多的国家也卷入了这个适应的过程。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; adopting:v.收养;领养;采用;表决采纳;(adopt的现在分词)
Not a single example of reform has been produced yet. 没有一例改革的例子 被推动过。
reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善;
And we're not going to see this change in this system anytime soon. 并且我们将看不到任何改变 在这个系统里 至少近期无望。
So here's the lessons of openness that I think we need to learn. 所以这是关于开放的教训 我认为大家都要吸取
Openness is a commitment to a certain set of values. 开放式一种奉献 奉献一系列的价值。
commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
We need to speak of those values. 我们需要强调那些价值。
The value of freedom. It's a value of community . 自由的价值。它具有公共团体的价值。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
It's a value of the limits in regulation. 它具有制约规章的价值。
It's a value respecting the creator. 它具有尊重创造者的价值。
Now, if we can learn those values from at least some influences on the Right, if we can take them and incorporate them, maybe we could do a little trade. 现在,假如我们可以学到这些价值 从右翼那里获得哪怕一点点影响, 假如我们可以争取并加入他们, 也许我们可以做一点交易。
incorporate:vt.包含,吸收; vi.合并; adj.合并的;
We learn those values on the Left, and maybe they'll do health care or global warming legislation or something in the Right. 我们从左派（民主党）学到这些价值, 也许他们将对医疗进行改革 或者对全球变暖进行立法等等。
health care:n.卫生保健; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; legislation:n.立法;法律;
Anyway, please join me in teaching these values. 无论如何,请和我一起 传播这些价值观。
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）