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LaurelBraitman_2019U-_故事叙述为医疗工作者带来的精神健康益处_-
For the last few years, 在过去的几年里,
I've been a writer in residence at the Stanford Medical School. 我一直在斯坦福医学院里 担任一名驻校作家。
residence:n.住宅,住处;居住;
I was hired by an incredible woman, she's a poet and an anesthesiologist , named Audrey Shafer, and she started the Medicine and the Muse Program to reintroduce humanities back into medical education and training. 而雇佣我的是一位了不起的女性, 她是一位诗人和麻醉师, 叫奥黛丽·谢弗（Audrey Shafer）, 她创办了“医学与缪斯”计划 （Medicine and the Muse）, 重新将人文科学融入了 医学教育和培训中。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; anesthesiologist:n.麻醉学者(医师); Muse:n.沉思;冥想;vt.沉思;沉思地说;vi.沉思;凝望; reintroduce:vt.再引入;再提出;再介绍; humanities:n.人文学科(humanity的复数);
My job was to teach writing, storytelling and general communication skills to physicians , nurses, medical students and other health care workers. 我的工作是把写作、故事叙述 和通用沟通技巧 教授给医师、护士、医学生, 以及其他医护人员。
storytelling:n.讲故事;说谎话;adj.讲故事的;说谎的; physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数); health care:n.卫生保健;
And I thought I'd get a ton of great student essays about dissecting cadavers and poems about the spleen . 我以为我会收获大量优秀的 关于尸体解剖的学生论文, 或是关于脾脏的诗歌。
dissecting:adj.解剖的;v.解剖;仔细检查(dissect的ing形式); cadavers:n.死尸;尸体;(cadaver的复数) spleen:n.脾脏;坏脾气;怒气;
And I did. 我确实收到了。
But almost immediately, 但与此同时,
I started getting more essays that made me really anxious and really worried. 我也开始收到更多 让我感觉非常忧虑 和担心的文章。
My students were writing about their crushing anxiety , the unbearable pressure on them to succeed, their mental health diagnoses , their suicide attempts , how alone and isolated they felt 我的学生写下了 他们令人窒息的焦虑, 为追求成功而面对的 不堪忍受的压力, 他们的精神健康诊断书, 他们多次的自杀企图, 他们感到多么孤独,
crushing:adj.惨重的,毁坏性的;v.压碎;压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的现在分词) anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; unbearable:adj.难以忍受的;承受不住的; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; diagnoses:n.诊断;调查分析;评价(diagnosis的复数形式); suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀; attempts:n.企图,试图;尝试(attempt的复数);v.试图;努力去做(attempt的三单形式); isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
and wondered if they'd gone into the right profession , and they weren't even doctors yet. 怀疑自己是否入错了行, 然而他们都还没有走上医生岗位。
profession:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;
This is my student Uriel Sanchez. 这是我的学生, 尤利尔·桑切斯（Uriel Sanchez）。
(Audio) Uriel Sanchez: The choice you are given through medicine, from a lot of your mentors even, is like, you have to choose, like, being a really good person or a really good doctor. [ 音频 ] 尤利尔·桑切斯: 你在学医期间,包括从许多导师那里 获得的选择,给人的感觉就像是, 你必须做出抉择, 是成为一个好人, 还是成为一个好医生。
mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数);
(Music) [ 音乐 ]
Laurel Braitman: Physicians' own humanity and emotional well-being are almost never made a core part of their training or even acknowledged. 劳瑞尔·布莱特曼: 医生们自身的人性和情感健康 在他们的职业培训中 几乎从来不是重点, 其重要性甚至也从未得到认可。
Laurel:n.桂冠,殊荣;月桂树;v.授予荣誉,使戴桂冠; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; well-being:n.幸福;康乐; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
And real vulnerability , like sharing certain mental health diagnoses, for example, can be absolutely career-ending. 而表现出真正的脆弱, 比如分享某些精神健康诊断结果, 绝对意味着职业生涯的终结。
vulnerability:n.易损性;弱点; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
But nearly 30 percent of American medical students are depressed , and one in 10 have thought about suicide. 但将近三成的美国医学生精神抑郁, 十分之一的人想到过自杀。
depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词)
And it's actually even worse for practicing physicians. 而执业医师的情况更加糟糕。
There's really widespread job dissatisfaction , high rates of depression , and doctors have one of the highest suicide rates of any profession in the United Sates . 医疗从业者普遍对工作感到不满, 精神抑郁者的比例很高。 在美国所有的职业中, 医生的自杀率居高不下。
widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的; dissatisfaction:n.不满;令人不满的事物; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) Sates:v.使心满意足,使饱享(sit的过去式和过去分词);
This is scary. 这很惊人。
Not just for them but for us, too. 对于他们和我们来说都是这样。
I really think doctors have the most important job. 我真心觉得医生们从事的是 最重要的工作。
And if their lives are at stake , ours are, too. 如果他们的生命岌岌可危, 我们的生命也同样如此。
stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
Now, I am absolutely not a mental health professional , 我完全不是精神健康领域的专业人士。
absolutely not:绝对不会;绝对不是;绝对不行; professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员;
I'm a writer, which most days is absolutely the complete and total opposite. 我是个作家, 大多数时间和精神健康专家 （的工作内容）完全相反。
But I can tell you that the more opportunities that I give health care workers to share their daily frustrations , their fears, their joys, what surprises them, what they resent , the better they seem to feel. 但我可以告诉各位, 当我给医疗工作者更多机会 分享他们日常的挫败、恐惧、喜悦, 让他们感到惊喜和憎恶的事情, 他们感觉就会更好。
frustrations:n.沮丧;受阻;阻止;挫败;(frustration的复数) resent:vt.怨恨;愤恨;厌恶;
So at Medicine and the Muse, we offer evening, weekend and day-long storytelling workshops at farms and other places with really good food. 在“医学与缪斯”项目中, 我们开设了晚间、周末 和白天的故事叙述训练营, 地点选在农场 和其它有优质餐食的地方。
workshops:n.工作坊,[工业]车间;研习会,讲习班(workshop的复数形式);
I invite other journalists , writers, producers, podcasters and poets, and they teach writing, communication and storytelling skills to our participants . 我会邀请其他记者、作家、制片人、 播客和诗人, 他们为参与者教授写作、 沟通和故事叙述的技巧。
journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式);
And those participants practice being vulnerable by sharing their stories out loud with one another. 而学员们则会大声分享自己的故事, 练习如何表现自己的脆弱。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
And in doing so, they reconnect with what drew them to medicine in the first place . 这么做的同时, 他们开始与最初吸引他们从医的 某种东西重新建立了连接。
reconnect:v.使再接合; in the first place:首先;起初;
These are the skills they'll draw on when they realize and are confronted with the stressful , messy reality of the work they've chosen. 当他们认识到,并面临着 他们所选择的职业中 充满压力和混乱的现实, 他们就会利用这些技能。
confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式) stressful:adj.紧张的;有压力的; messy:adj.肮脏的;凌乱的;不整洁的;
This is how they realize it's a calling. 这样一来,他们就能够 意识到,这是一种召唤。
So I have a prescription here for you today. 今天,我给大家带来了一副“处方”,
prescription:n.处方;药方;医生开的药;开处方;
It's not from physicians, it's for them, and I asked my students for help. 并非出自医生之手、 而是为他们准备的。 我的学生也参与并提供了帮助。
And before I start, let me just say I work with doctors, but I'm absolutely convinced that this applies to almost any profession, especially those of us who are so committed to our work, and it can be so intense and overwhelming , that sometimes we forget why we chose to do it in the first place. 开始之前,请允许我说一句, 我和医生共事, 但我非常确信 这个“处方”也适用于几乎所有职业, 尤其是那些对工作全力投入的人, 而很多工作又是那样繁重, 令人难以喘息, 有时我们甚至会忘记 最初为何选择这份职业。
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) applies:v.适用;申请;运用;专心;(apply的第三人称单数) especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; overwhelming:adj.势不可挡的; v.压倒; (overwhelm的现在分词)
To me, sharing a true vulnerable story is a lot like raising a flag up a flagpole . [ 1. 升起你的旗帜 ]
flagpole:n.旗竿;
Other people see it, if they agree with it and it resonates with them, they come and stand under it with you. 其他人看见了旗帜, 如果他们对此表示认同 并产生了共鸣, 就会走过来和你一起站在旗下。
resonates:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
That's what my student Maite Van Hentenryck did. 我的学生麦蒂·冯·亨敦里克 就是这么做的。
Van:n.厢式货车;客货车;v.选矿;用车搬运;
(Audio) Maite Van Hentenryck: I mean, it was super anxiety-inducing, and I shared parts of myself that I really have probably told five classmates. [ 音频 ] 麦蒂·冯·亨敦里克: 这让我超级焦虑, 我分享了自己的部分经历, 很可能告诉了五个同学。
LB: When Maite was a baby, she had to have her leg amputated . 劳瑞尔:当麦蒂还是婴儿时, 就不得不面对一条腿被截肢的残酷现实。
amputated:切断;锯掉;截(肢)(amputate的过去式和过去分词);
When she got to medical school, she was taking just a standard class quiz , and she got asked the question, "Please tell us about the first time you encountered someone with a disability ." 当她入读医学院时, 参加了一次普通的课堂测验, 测验的问题是, “请告诉大家你第一次 遇到一个残疾人的经历。”
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; quiz:n.小测验;知识竞赛;v.盘问;查问;询问; encountered:v.遭遇,遇到;偶然碰到;意外地遇见;(encounter的过去分词和过去式) disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件;
She wondered if her supervisors had ever considered that the person with the disability was her, the doctor. 她在想,她的导师们是否曾考虑过 “身体有残疾的人”就是她,医生本人。
supervisors:n.监察人(supervisor的复数);
So she talked about it in front of about 100 of her friends, peers , which is a big deal , because, you know, she's really shy. 于是她在大概 100 个朋友和 同龄人面前讲述了这件事, 这对她来说是件大事,因为她很害羞。
peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式); a big deal:na.要人;重要的事;
And afterwards, what happened, is a number of students with disabilities , that she didn't know, came up to her and asked her to colead a group on campus that's now advocating for more visibility and inclusion in medical training. 而随后, 几个她不认识的 身体残障的学生 找到了她,邀请她共同领导一个 倡导在医学训练中 增加可见度和包容性的校园组织。
disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者; campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地; advocating:v.拥护;支持;提倡;(advocate的现在分词) visibility:n.可见性;能见度;能见距离 inclusion:n.包含;内含物;
In English, we tend to call people creatives if they have a certain job. 在英语中,如果人们拥有某种工作, 像设计师、建筑师或艺术家,
creatives:n.创意人员(creative的复数);
Like, designer or architect or artist. 我们更倾向于称呼他们创造性人才。
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
I hate that term. 我讨厌那种称呼。
I think it's offensive and exclusionary . 我觉得它既冒犯又排外。
offensive:n.进攻;攻势;攻击;侵犯;adj.冒犯的;得罪人的;无礼的; exclusionary:adj.排他的;
Creativity doesn't belong to a certain group of people. 创造力并不专属于某一特定的群体。
A lot of my work with physicians and medical students is just reminding them that no matter what profession we choose, we can make meaning, find beauty in the hard stuff and create. 我与医师和医学生们 进行的大量工作, 就是为了提醒他们, 无论我们选择了哪个职业, 我们都可以创造意义, 在困难之中发现美好, 并不断进行创造。
reminding:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的现在分词) no matter what:不管什么…; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
This is medical student Pablo Romano . 这位是医学生帕布罗·罗马诺。
Pablo:n.帕布鲁棕色; Romano:n.罗马诺干酪(一种意大利浓味硬干酪,常磨碎作调味品用);
(Audio) Pablo Romano: My parents immigrated here from Mexico many years ago, and when I was in college, they passed away. [ 音频 ] 帕布罗·罗马诺: 我的父母多年前 从墨西哥移民到这里, 我上大学时,他们去世了。
immigrated:v.(从外地)移居;移民;(immigrate的过去分词和过去式)
I was 18 when my dad died and then 20 when my mom died. 爸爸去世时,我十八岁。 我二十岁时,妈妈去世了。
LB: Not only has Pablo been talking publicly for the first time about being an orphan , but together, we started a live storytelling series we're calling Talk Rx, 劳瑞尔:这不仅是帕布罗第一次 公开讲述身为孤儿的经历, 他还和我们一起创立了一个叫 “故事处方（Talk Rx）” 的故事直播系列,
orphan:adj.孤儿的;无双亲的;n.孤儿;vt.使成孤儿; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
and it's become a really popular place for his peers to show their most vulnerable and powerful thoughts and feelings. 该系列目前已成为了他的同龄人 展现他们最脆弱和最有力的 想法和感情的主要途径。
(Audio) PR: I go to a school that cares so much about data and research and numbers. [ 音频 ] 帕布罗:我所在的学校 对数据、研究和数字非常重视。
At the end of the day, what moves people is stories. 不过归根结底, 最打动人的还是故事。
LB: Arifeen Rahman is a second-year medical student. 劳瑞尔:阿尔芬·拉曼 是一名二年级的医学生。
And before she was born, her parents immigrated from Bangladesh to the United States. 她的父母在她出生前 就从孟加拉国移民到了美国。
She grew up in a really beautiful home in Northern California, very safe and stable , her parents are still together, she never went hungry, and she graduated from Harvard . 她在北加州一个很漂亮的家中长大, 家庭环境非常安全和稳定。 她的父母感情融洽, 她衣食无忧,还是哈佛毕业生。
stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房; Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
(Audio) Arifeen Rahman: I didn't feel like the stories I had were worth telling or that they mattered. [ 音频 ] 阿尔芬·拉曼: 我觉得我的故事 并不值得讲述,也无关紧要。
LB: Arifeen did have stories, though. 劳瑞尔:不过阿尔芬的确有故事。
Recently , she gave a talk about being maybe the only Bangladeshi American girl to win an essay contest from the Daughters of the American Revolution -- 最近,她进行了一次演讲, 讲述她可能是唯一一名 在“美国革命女儿”组织 举办的论文大赛中夺魁的 美籍孟加拉裔女孩——
Recently:adv.最近;新近; Revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
(Laughter) （笑声）
and then dress up for Halloween as the Declaration of Independence . 还在万圣节时装扮成了《独立宣言》。
Halloween:n.万圣节前夕 Declaration of Independence:n.[美史]独立宣言:
And I love Arifeen's story so much, because to me it represents all that is good and bad and hard and exhausting about representing the new American dream . 我非常喜欢阿尔芬的故事, 因为对我来说,它代表了 新的美国梦中包含的 好的、坏的、困难的、辛苦的一切。
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) exhausting:adj.使人精疲力竭的;v.耗尽;使筋疲力尽;(exhaust的现在分词) representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词) American dream:n.美国梦(美国人传统的价值观和社会标准,如民主、权利平等和财富);
(Audio) AR: The hardest thing was coming up against that voice that was telling me no one wants to hear my stories, like, why invest the time in this thing that doesn't really mean anything in the grand scale of life. [ 音频 ] 阿尔芬: 最困难的事情是 反抗那个告诉我 “没人想听我的故事”的声音, 为什么要投入时间做这件 在宏大的人生图景中 根本毫无意义的事。
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
Maybe the biggest thing is, like, maybe it does. 但或许最重要的事情是, 也许它真的有意义。
LB: Life is so short. 劳瑞尔:生命如此短暂。 对我而言,时间唯一的重要之处在于,
For me, the only thing, really, that matters with my time here is feeling like I can connect with other people and maybe make them feel slightly less alone. 感觉我可以和其他人建立连接, 或许能让他们稍微觉得没那么孤独。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
And in my experience, that's what stories do absolutely the best. 而根据我的经验, 讲故事的效果最好。
So, my student and a collaborator in a lot of these endeavors is Candice Kim. 在这方面,跟我一起 做了很多尝试的就是我的学生, 坎迪斯·金。
collaborator:n.[劳经]合作者;勾结者;通敌者; endeavors:尽力;
She's an MD-PhD student in medical education. 她是一名医学教育专业的 医学及哲学博士。
She's written about #MeToo in medicine, navigating her queer identity in a conservative field and her mom's metastatic cancer diagnosis . 她写过关于医学界 #MeToo 运动的文章, 详述了她在一个保守领域的 性别少数派身份, 以及她母亲的癌症转移诊断。
navigating:v.航行,操纵(navigate的现在分词形式);adj.航行的,航行中; queer:adj.奇怪的; vt.搞糟; n.同性恋者; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者; metastatic:adj.(癌细胞的)转移性的;变形的;新陈代谢的; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; diagnosis:n.诊断;
And recently, she started also doing some really interesting research about our work. 最近,她开始针对我们的工作 进行一些非常有趣的研究。
(Audio) Candace Kim: We've seen that students who participate in our storytelling opportunity show between a 36 and 51 percent decrease in distress . [ 音频 ] 坎迪斯·金: 我们发现, 参与过我们讲故事项目的学生, 他们的精神压力 减轻了 36% 到 51%。
participate:v.参加;参与; decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困;
LB: If this was a mental health drug, it would be an absolute blockbuster . 劳瑞尔:如果这是一种精神健康药物, 它绝对能一鸣惊人。
blockbuster:n.轰动;巨型炸弹;一鸣惊人者;
Results seem to last up to a month. 这种效果似乎能持续一个月之久,
It might be longer, a month is just when Candice stopped measuring. 或许更长, 因为坎迪斯只搜集了一个月的数据。
So we don't even know. 所以我们不知道 这种效果到底能持续多久。
Not only that , but 100 percent of our participants recommend these opportunities to a friend. 除此之外,几乎所有参与项目的学员 都把这样的机会推荐给了一个朋友。
only that:只是;要不是; recommend:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎;
For me, though, the most important thing that our work has done is create a culture of vulnerability in a place [where] there was absolutely none before. 尽管对我来说, 我们的工作最重要的成果 是在某个地方史无前例地 创造了一种脆弱的文化。
I think what this does is that it allows doctors and other folks an opportunity to envision a different kind of future for themselves and their patients . 我认为这种文化 为医生和其他人 创造了一个机会, 为自己和他们的病人设想 一个完全不同的未来。
envision:v.想象;预想; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
This is Maite again. 还是麦蒂。
(Audio) MVH: I want to be the doctor that remembers when your birthday is without having to look at the chart. [ 音频 ] 麦蒂:我想成为一名 不需要查看病历 也能记住你的生日的医生。
And I want to be the doctor who knows what my patient's favorite color is and what TV shows they like to watch. 我想成为一名 知道病人最喜欢的颜色、 爱看的电视节目的医生。
I want to be the doctor that's remembered for listening to people and making sure I take care of all of them and not just treating their disease . 我想成为一名因为倾听他人心声、 专注于关爱所有病人 而被记住的医生, 而不仅仅是因为我治好了他们的病。
treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
LB: Being human is a terminal condition. 劳瑞尔:身而为人有终点。
terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的;
We all have it, and we are all going to die. 我们都有,我们都会死去。
Helping health care professionals communicate more meaningfully with each other, with their patients and with themselves is certainly not going to magically change 帮助医护专业人士更有意义地 与彼此交流, 与病人和他们自己交流, 当然不会奇迹般改变
professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数); meaningfully:adv.有意义地;意味深长地;有意图地; magically:adv.用魔法地;如魔法般地;
everything that is wrong with the contemporary health care system, and it's not going to live to the immense burdens we place on our physicians, but it is absolutely key in making sure that our healers are healthy enough to heal the rest of us. 当下医疗体系中存在的一切问题, 也无法分担我们加在 医生身上的巨大负担, 但关键在于, 它可以保证我们的救人者 能够在身心健康的前提下 去拯救他人。
contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的; immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; burdens:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; healers:n.医治者;治疗物(healer的复数);
Communicating with each other with vulnerability, listening with compassion , is, I believe, the absolute best medicine that we have. 我相信,用脆弱性来彼此交流, 用同理心去倾听, 绝对是我们所能拥有的 最好的药物。
compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）