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KotchakornVoraakhom_2018W-_从下陷的城市到能够抗洪的园林_
At this very moment, with every breath we take, major delta cities across the globe are sinking, including New York, London, 此时此刻, 我们每呼吸一口气, 全球主要港口城市都下沉一点点, 包括纽约、伦敦、
delta:n.(河流的)三角洲;德耳塔(希腊字母的第四个字);
Tokyo, Shanghai, New Orleans , and as well as my city, Bangkok . 东京、上海、新奥尔良、 和我的城市曼谷。
Orleans:n.奥尔良(法国城市); as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; Bangkok:n.曼谷(泰国首都);
Here is the usual version of climate change. 这是气候变化最常见的版本。
This is mine. 而这是我所看见的。
Nothing much, just a crocodile on the street. 这也没什么, 就是一条鳄鱼出现在了大街上。
(Laughter) （笑声）
This is an urgent impact of climate change: our sinking cities. 这是气候变化带来的 一个严重结果: 我们的城市正在沉陷。
urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
Here, you can see the urbanization of Bangkok, growing in every direction, shifting from porous , agricultural land -- the land that can breathe and absorb water -- to a concrete jungle . 你可以看到曼谷的城区 正在向四周扩大, 从蓬松的耕地, 能够呼吸空气和雨水的土地, 变成了水泥的丛林。
urbanization:n.都市化;文雅化; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词) porous:adj.多孔渗水的;能渗透的;有气孔的; agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; concrete jungle:n.混凝土丛林(指高楼林立、无树木无公园因而单调沉闷的现代化城市或地区);
This is what parts of it look like after 30 minutes of rainfall . 这就是在三十分钟的降雨后 城市中部分地区的掠影,
rainfall:n.降雨;降雨量;
And every time it rains, 每次下雨,
I wish my car could turn into a boat. 我都希望我的车能变成一艘小船。
This land has no room for water. 这片土地已经水饱和了,
It has lost its absorbent capacity . 失去了吸水的能力。
absorbent:n.[化学][化工][核]吸收剂;adj.能吸收的; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
The reality of Bangkok's metropolitan region is a city of 15 million people living, working and commuting on top of a shifting, muddy river delta. 曼谷这座大都会城市 汇集了一千五百万人, 他们工作、生活和通勤在这个 会移动的和布满淤泥的河岸上。
metropolitan:adj.大都市的;大主教辖区的;宗主国的;n.大城市人;大主教;宗主国的公民; region:n.地区;范围;部位; commuting:n.乘公交车上下班;经常往来; muddy:adj.泥泞的; vt.使污浊; vi.变得泥泞;
Bangkok is sinking more than one centimeter per year, which is four times faster than the rate of predicted sea level rise. 曼谷每年都会下沉超过1厘米。 这比海平面上升的速度高出了4倍。
predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) sea level:海平面;
And we could be below sea level by 2030, which will be here too soon. 到2030年,这座城市 可能会低于海平面, 没有多少时间了。
There is no coincidence that I am here as a landscape architect . 作为景观设计师, 我站在这里并不是偶然。
coincidence:n.巧合,巧事;同时存在;并存;相同; landscape architect:n.园林建筑师;景观设计师;
As a child, I grew up in a row house next to the busy road always filled with traffic. 小时候,我在一个 繁忙公路旁的排屋长大。
row house:n.(成排相连房屋中的)一栋排房;
In front of my house, there was a concrete parking lot , and that was my playground. 在屋子的前面, 有一个水泥地的停车场, 那里是我的游乐场。
parking lot:n.停车场;
The only living creature I would find, and had fun with, were these sneaky little plants trying to grow through the crack of the concrete pavement . 我能发现的唯一生物, 也是非常喜欢的, 就是在水泥地裂缝中悄悄生长的 那些小小的绿色植物。
creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人; sneaky:adj.鬼鬼祟祟的;暗中的,卑鄙的; crack:v.使破裂;打开;变声;n.裂缝;声变;噼啪声;adj.最好的;高明的; pavement:n.路面;人行道;石板铺的地面;
My favorite game with friends was to dig a bigger and bigger hole through this crack to let this little plant creep out -- sneak out more and more. 我和朋友们最喜欢的游戏 就是在这些裂缝中挖一个更大的坑, 让这些小植物能够生长, 不断地爬出来。
creep:v.爬行;蔓延;慢慢地移动;起鸡皮疙瘩;n.爬行;毛骨悚然的感觉;谄媚者;
And yes, landscape architecture gives me the opportunity to continue my cracking ambition -- 是的,景观设计 使我能够有机会 继续实现我远大的目标,
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; cracking:n.破裂;开裂;adj.裂解的;分裂的; ambition:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;
(Laughter) （笑声）
to connect this concrete land back to nature. 将水泥地与大自然融为一体。
Before, Thais -- my people -- we were adapted to the cycle of the wet and dry season, and you could all us amphibious . 以前,我们泰国人 适应了干湿交替的季节变换。 你可以说我们是水陆两栖。
adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) amphibious:adj.[生物]两栖的,水陆两用的;具有双重性的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
We lived both on land and on water. 我们可以在陆地上和水上生活,
We were adapted to both. 两种环境都可以适应。
And flooding was a happy event, when the water fertilized our land. 洪水是一件令人开心的事情, 因为水能够滋养土地。
fertilized:v.使受精;使受粉;使受胎;使受孕;施肥于;(fertilize的过去分词和过去式)
But now, flooding means ... 但现在, 洪涝却意味着——
disaster . 灾难。
disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸;
In 2011, 在2011年,
Thailand was hit by the most damaging and the most expensive flood disaster in our history. 泰国历经了一场史上最严重, 也是经济损失最大的 洪涝灾害。
Thailand:n.泰国(东南亚国家名);
Flooding has turned central Thailand into an enormous lake. 这让泰国中心地区 变成了一个巨大的湖泊。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
Here, you can see the scale of the flood in the center of the image, to the scale of Bangkok, outlined in yellow. 你可以在图片中央 看到这场洪水的规模, 黄线标出的是曼谷地区。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; outlined:v.概述:显示…的轮廓:(outline的过去分词和过去式)
The water was overflowing from the north, making its way across several provinces. 洪水从北部地区开始 蔓延至好几个省区。
overflowing:adj.过剩的;充满的;v.漫出;溢出;挤满了人;过度延伸;(overflow的现在分词)
Millions of my people, including me and my family, were displaced and homeless. 数百万泰国人民, 包括我和我的家人 都无家可归。
displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词)
Some had to escape the city. 有些人不得不逃离城市。
Many were terrified of losing their home and their belongings , so they stayed back in the flood with no electricity and clean water. 很多人都害怕 失去他们的房子和财产, 所以他们留了下来, 忍受着没有电和纯净水的日子。
belongings:n.[经]财产,所有物;亲戚; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
For me, this flood reflects clearly that our modern infrastructure , and especially our notion of fighting flood with concrete, had made us so extremely vulnerable to the climate uncertainty . 与我而言,这场洪水清晰地反映了 我们的现代基础设施, 特别是我们用水泥建筑 来抵御洪水的想法, 已经让我们在变化多端的 气候面前显得相当脆弱。
reflects:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;(reflect的第三人称单数) infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; notion:n.观念;信念;理解; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; uncertainty:n.不确定,不可靠;
But in the heart of this disaster, 但也是在这场灾难中,
I found my calling. 我发现了自己的使命。
I cannot just sit and wait as my city continues to sink. 我不能眼睁睁地看着我的城市下沉。
The city needed me, and I had the ability to fix this problem. 我的城市需要我, 而我也有能力解决这一问题。
Six years ago, 六年前,
I started my project. 我开始了我的项目。
My teams and I won the design competition for Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. 我和我的团队赢得了一个 抗洪公园的设计比赛,
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; Centenary:n.一百年;百年纪念;adj.一百年的;
This was the big, bold mission of the first university in Thailand for celebrating its hundredth anniversary by giving this piece of land as a public park to our city. 这是为泰国第一所大学的百年校庆 而开启的一项大胆而艰巨的任务, 把这片土地变成一座城市公园。
bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的; mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
Having a park sounds very normal to many other cities, but not in Bangkok, which has one of the lowest public green space per capita among megacities in Asia. 在其他城市,有城市公园 是一个很正常的事情, 但曼谷却不同, 它是亚洲的超大型城市中 人均公共绿色面积 最低的城市之一。
per capita:adj.每人的;人均的; megacities:n.大城市(megacity的复数);
Our project's become the first new public park in almost 30 years. 我们的项目成为了30年里 第一个城市公园。
The 11-acre park -- a big green crack at the heart of Bangkok -- opened just last year. 这个11英亩的公园—— 宛如曼谷中心的一道 巨大绿色裂缝—— 在去年向公众开放了。
(Applause and cheers) （掌声和欢呼声）
Thank you. 谢谢！
(Applause) （掌声）
For four years, we have pushed through countless meetings to convince and never give up to convincing that this park isn't just for beautification or recreation : it must help the city deal with water, it must help the city confront climate change. 四年中,我们开了无数次会议, 以努力确保 这座公园不仅仅是为了美化或娱乐, 它必须能够帮助城市抗洪, 必须能够帮助城市抵御气候变化。
countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; convincing:adj.令人信服的; v.使确信; (convince的现在分词) beautification:n.美化;[建]装饰; recreation:n.娱乐;消遣;娱乐活动;游戏; confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗;
And here is how it works. 这个公园是这样运作的。
Bangkok is a flat city, so we harnessed the power of gravity by inclining the whole park to collect every drop of rain. 曼谷位于平原上, 因此我们让整个公园倾斜, 来利用地吸引力 收集雨水。
harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词) inclining:v.倾斜; n.斜面; (incline的现在分词);
The gravity force pulls down the runoff from the highest point to the lowest point. 重力作用迫使雨水从最高点 流向最低点。
runoff:n.[水文]径流;决赛;流走的东西;adj.决胜的;
This park has three main elements that work as one system. 公园的这个排水系统 由三个主要部分构成。
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
The first -- the green roof. 第一个,绿色的屋顶。
This is the biggest green roof in Thailand, with the rainwater tanks and museum underneath . 这是泰国最大的绿色屋顶, 有雨水收集器和地下博物馆。
rainwater:n.雨水;软水; underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
In the dry season, the collected rain can be used to water the park for up to a month. 在干燥的季节里, 收集的雨水可以灌溉公园一个月。
The runoff on the green roof then falls through wetlands with the native water plants that can help filter and help clean water. 绿色屋顶的雨水流过湿地区域, 那里的水生植物能够 过滤和净化水源。
wetlands:n.湿地(wetland的复数形式);沼泽地;塘地; native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行;
And at the lower end, the retention pond collects all of the water. 在地势低洼的另一端, 蓄水池塘收集所有的雨水。
retention:n.保留;扣留,滞留;记忆力;闭尿; pond:n.池塘;水池(尤指人工的);v.把…挖成池塘;堵(溪流)水成池;
At this pond, there are water bikes. 在池塘里,有脚踏船。
People can pedal and help clean water. 人们可以通过踩脚踏船来清洁池水。
pedal:v.踩踏板;骑车;n.踏板;脚蹬子;adj.脚的;脚踏的;
Their exercise becomes an active part of the park water system. 这些活动成为了 公园水系统的一个活跃部分。
When life gives you a flood, you have fun with the water. 如果生活给你洪水, 你就在水中嬉戏。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Centenary Park gives room for people and room for water, which is exactly what we and our cities need. 这座纪念公园给了人和水空间, 这正是我们和城市所需要的。
This is an amphibious design. 这是一个水陆融合的设计。
This park is not about getting rid of flood. 这座公园的用途并不在于消除洪水,
It's about creating a way to live with it. 而在于创造一种与雨水共生的方式。
And not a single drop of rain is wasted in this park. 在这座公园里, 没有一滴雨水会被浪费掉。
This park can hold and collect a million gallons of water. 它可以容纳一百万加仑的雨水。
gallons:n.加仑;大量(gallon的复数);一加仑的容器;
(Applause) (掌声)
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
Every given project, for me, is an opportunity to create more green cracks through this concrete jungle by using landscape architecture as a solution , like turning this concrete roof into an urban farm, which can help absorb rain; reduce urban heat island and grow food in the middle of the city; reuse the abandoned concrete structure to become a green pedestrian bridge; 对我来说,每一个项目 都是在水泥丛林中 创造绿色裂缝的机会, 用景观设计作为解决方案, 就像把这个水泥屋顶 变为城市农场, 能够吸纳雨水, 减少气候热岛效应, 并在城市中央种植粮食; 再利用废弃钢筋结构 来建造绿色步行桥;
cracks:n.裂纹; v.破裂; (crack的第三人称单数和复数) solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式) pedestrian:adj.徒步的;缺乏想像力的;n.行人;步行者;
and another flood-proof park at Thammasat University, which nearly completes the biggest green roof on an academic campus yet in Southeast Asia. 位于福井大学的另一座抗洪公园 几乎是整个东南亚地区最大的 校园绿色屋顶。
academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地; Southeast:adj.东南的;来自东南的;n.东南;东南地区;adv.来自东南;
Severe flooding is our new normal, putting the southeast Asian region -- the region with the most coastline -- at extreme risk. 严重洪涝已成为日常, 这让东南亚地区, 世界上拥有最长海岸线的地区, 陷入了危险之中。
Severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; coastline:n.海岸线;
Creating a park is just one solution. 建造公园只是一个解决方案。
The awareness of climate change means we, in every profession we are involved , are increasingly obligated to understand the climate risk and put whatever we are working on as part of the solution. 对气候变化的意识 意味着来自各行各业的我们, 都有更多义务去 了解气候变化的风险, 并在我们的工作中寻找解决方案。
awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; profession:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; obligated:adj.有义务的,有责任的,必须的; v.使负有义务; (obligate的过去式和过去分词)
Because if our cities continue the way they are now, a similar catastrophe will happen again ... 因为如果我们的城市 像这样继续下沉, 灾难会不断地
catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
and again. 重复上演。
Creating a solution in these sinking cities is like making the impossible possible. 在下陷的城市里创造一个解决方案, 就如同把不可能变为可能。
And for that, 为此,
I would like to share one word that I always keep in mind , that is, "tangjai." 我想分享我始终铭记在心的一个词, 那就是 tangjai 。
keep in mind:记住;
The literal translation for " tang " is "to firmly stand," “tang”可以翻译成“坚决支持”,
literal:adj.文字的;逐字的;无夸张的; tang:n.特性; vt.使声尖锐; vi.发出铿锵声;
and "jai" means "heart." “jai”的意思是“心”。
Firmly stand your heart at your goal. 坚持你心中的目标。
In Thai language, when you commit to do something, you put tangjai in front of your work, so your heart will be in your action. 在泰语中,当你心无旁骛地 做某件事的时候, 就在你说的话前加上“tangjai”, 这样一来你就能够 心有所向,言行一致。
commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处;
No matter how rough the path, how big the crack, you push through to your goal, because that's where your heart is. 无论路途多么艰难, 裂缝多么巨大, 你会都着目标不断前行, 因为那是你心之向往。
push through:完成;挤著穿过;
And yes, Thailand is home. 是的,泰国是我的家。
This land is my only home, and that's where I firmly stand my heart. 这片土地是我唯一的家, 它是我所坚持的心中目标。
Where do you stand yours? 你心中的目标又是什么呢？
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause and cheers) （掌声和欢呼声）