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KimStanleyRobinson_2021-_记住气候变化——来自_2071_年的信息_
The 2020s were a crux in human history. 21 世纪 20 年代 是人类历史上的一个关键时期。
They began with the first pandemic , a slap to the face of everyone, as they had to acknowledge that they were a single civilization on a single biosphere , utterly dependent on science to keep them alive. 一开始他们就遭遇了大流行病, 就像给每个人打了一记耳光, 人类不得不承认, 他们不过是单一生物圈上的单一文明, 完全要依赖科技存活。
crux:n.关键;难题;十字架形,坩埚; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; slap:n.拍; v.拍; v.猛然; civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明; biosphere:n.生物圈; utterly:adv.完全地;绝对地;全然地;彻底地,十足地; dependent on:依赖于;依靠;
Civilization is a fragile thing. 文明其实很脆弱。
And although people started the '20s hoping to ignore that profound truth, even after the first pandemic, the great heat waves of 2023 torched any such hope. 人们在 20 年代之初 希望忽略掉这一深刻的事实, 但纵然熬过了第一次大流行, 2023 年的那场巨大热浪 还是摧毁了他们的幻想。
fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; torched:n.火把,火炬;手电筒;启发之物;vi.像火炬一样燃烧;vt.用火炬点燃;
Humans cannot survive combinations of high heat and high humidity that rise above an index temperature called "wet-bulb 35." 当温度和湿度上升到一个叫做 “35 度湿球温度”的表观温度时, 人类是无法存活的。
And that year, the wet-bulb 36 events in India, in Southeast Asia and in the American Midwest killed so many more people than the first pandemic that it was made clear to everyone things simply had to change. 而那一年,“36 度湿球温度事件” 接连在印度、东南亚, 以及美国中西部出现。 造成的死亡人数超过了大流行病, 所有人都意识到必须得改变现状了。
combinations:n.[数]组合;制品(combination的复数);合谱; humidity:n.[气象]湿度;湿气; index:n.指标;指数;索引;指针;v.做索引;指出;编入索引中; Southeast:adj.东南的;来自东南的;n.东南;东南地区;adv.来自东南; Midwest:n.美国的中西部;
The arrival of the second pandemic put an exclamation mark on all that. 而第二次大流行病的到来 给一切画上了惊叹号。
The question at that desperate point was: Could things change? 绝望的时刻,疑问萦绕在人们心间: 现状真的会改变吗？
Could humanity stop its destructive ways and restore balance to its relationship to its biosphere? 人类真的能停止破坏性的行为, 重塑与生物圈的平衡关系吗？
exclamation mark:n.感叹号; desperate:adj.不顾一切的;令人绝望的;极度渴望的; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的; restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原;
Crucially , could it lower the global average temperature of the earth in time to avoid killing millions more people, more animals and indeed entire species ? 很重要的一点,人类能及时 降低地球的平均气温, 以避免更多人、动物的死亡 以及物种灭绝？
Looking back from our perspective 60 years later, this of course looks possible, because they did it. 在 60 年后,从我们的视角来看, 这些当然都是可以实现的, 因为那代人也确实做到了。
But it was by no means a sure thing. 但这并不是必然的事。
You have to imagine what it felt like at the time, when panic filled the air, and no one could be sure success was even physically possible. 想象一下当时的场景: 恐慌的气息四处弥漫, 没有人敢说那些设想一定会实现。
Crucially:adv.关键地;至关重要地; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; by no means:决不; panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措;
Many declared that humanity was doomed . 许多人宣称人类已经完了。
This is why that decade gets called "the turbulent 20s" 也正因此,那个十年被称为 “动荡的 20 年代”
or "the terrifying 20s." 或者“骇人的 20 年代”。
Only much later did some historians begin to call it "the terrific 20s" 直到很久以后,一些历史学家 才开始称其为“了不起的 20 年代”
doomed:adj.注定的;命定的;v.使…注定失败(doom的过去分词和过去式) turbulent:adj.骚乱的,混乱的;狂暴的;吵闹的;激流的,湍流的; terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词) terrific:adj.极好的;极其的,非常的;可怕的;
or even "the roaring 20s," 甚至“兴旺的 20 年代”,
although that's a historian's joke and as usual, a bad one. 尽管这是历史学家的戏称, 一个不怎么出彩的玩笑。
It was not at all like the roaring twenties of a century before. 一点都不像 20 世纪的 “兴旺的 20 年代”,
It was much stranger than that. 相比之下,这段时期要奇怪的多。
roaring:adj.咆哮的; n.咆哮; v.咆哮; (roar的现在分词) not at all:毫无;一点也不;不用谢; roaring twenties:n.兴旺的二十年代(指人们自信又快乐的20世纪20年代);
In these critical years, lessons learned in the first pandemic got put to use . 在关键几年里,从第一波大流行病中 得出的经验被利用起来。
The scientific community had rallied to meet that crisis in an unprecedented way, unleashing a burst of cooperation and creativity never seen before. 科学界史无前例地 团结起来应对那场危机, 释放出前所未有的合作精神和创造力。
And now they did it again. 这次他们又做到了。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; put to use:使用;利用; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; rallied:v.召集;复原;恢复健康;振作精神;价格回升;(rally的过去分词和过去式) crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; unleashing:v.发泄;突然释放;使爆发(unleash的现在分词) burst:v.破裂;爆炸;突破;冲进;n.爆发;点射;释放;(情感的)迸发; cooperation:n.合作;配合;
Things that had once seemed impossible became the new normal, and the heat waves of 2023 spurred an all-hands-on-deck mentality , in which almost every solution ever proposed to help solve the climate crisis got accelerated to roll out and given a try. 看似不可能的事变成了新常态, 2023 年的热浪激发了 大家全员出击的心态, 几乎每个有助于解决气候危机的方案 都得以加速推出和落实。
The diversity of this effort makes any study of the 20s a very multidisciplinary affair -- which I like -- involving all of science, technology , engineering and medicine, 这场努力涉及领域的多样性 让所有关于 20 年代的研究 都成为多学科的项目——我喜欢这点, 涉及科学、技术、 工程和医学（统称 STEM）,
spurred:adj.装有马刺的;有花距的;v.鞭策;教唆(spur的过去分词); mentality:n.心态;[心理]智力;精神力;头脑作用; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; proposed:adj.建议的;推荐的;v.提议;建议;计划;求婚;(propose的过去分词和过去式) accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式) diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: multidisciplinary:adj.有关各种学问的; involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
STEM yes, our great tool kit , but also, crucially: governance , law, justice , diplomacy , philosophy and the arts, and most of all, finance . 这些都是我们伟大的工具。 同时还有一些其他也很重要的学科: 管理、法律、司法、 外交、哲学、艺术, 以及最重要的金融。
Rapid changes in civilization software were what allowed for the rapid changes in its hardware . 正是这些文明“软件”的快速变化, 才让文明的“硬件”得以快速变化。
Crucially, the people of that time had to arrange to pay themselves to do the things necessary to heal the biosphere. 关键的是, 那时候的人还需要花费资金 去做修复生物圈的必要工作。
STEM:n.花草的茎或梗;高脚酒杯的脚;烟斗柄;词干;v.阻止;封堵;遏止; kit:v.装备;n.成套工具;配套元件;成套设备;全套衣服及装备; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; diplomacy:n.外交;外交手腕;交际手段; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具; arrange:v.安排;排列;整理; heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束
Money had to go to good work rather than bad. 金钱需要流向良性工作 而非恶性工作。
This was the crux. 这正是之前的难点。
With that change enacted , there was all manner of good work ready to be performed . 随着这一难点的解决, 各种良性工作都得以开展了。
It has to be understood that before the 20s, capital always went to the highest rate of return. 要知道,在 20 年代之前, 资本总是会流向回报率最高的地方。
That was the law of capital, often literally the law. 这是资本的自然规律, 通常也是实际运作时的条规。
enacted:n.制定,颁布; performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
Restoring damage done to the biosphere, taking carbon dioxide back out of the atmosphere -- these did not yield the highest rate of return, so money went elsewhere , and thus the catastrophe struck home. 修复生物圈所遭受的破坏, 从大气中回收二氧化碳, 这些都不会产生最高的回报率, 所以金钱流向了别处, 因此灾难袭击了家园。
Strange as it seems now, the funding of destruction might even have continued were it not for a basic change in the global political economy , a change oriented by science, organized under the Paris Agreement and then enacted by all the nations on earth. 尽管现在看起来有些奇怪,但这种破坏性的资金流动 本是可能继续下去的, 好在当时的全球政治经济 发生了一场根本变革。 这场变革以科学为导向, 依据《巴黎协定》而组织, 然后由地球上的所有国家共同颁布。
Restoring:adj.恢复的;v.恢复,重建;正在恢复;(restore的现在分词); carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; yield:n.产量;产出;利润;v.屈服;让步;放弃;提供; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁; political economy:n.政治经济学; oriented:adj.导向的; v.调整; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
The mechanism for this transformation was called the Network for Greening the Financial System, an organization of 89 of the world's central banks. 这场变革产生的新机制 被称为绿色金融体系, 由世界 89 家中央银行组成。
Under the direction and encouragement of their governments, these central banks shifted the world to what some now call the carbon standard . 在其政府的指导和鼓励下, 这些中央银行改变了世界 达到了现今人们所熟悉的“碳标准”。
It also gets called "carbon quantitative easing" or "the carbon coin." 它也被称为“碳量化宽松”或“碳币”政策。
mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; Financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; quantitative:adj.定量的;量的,数量的;
The idea was this: that new fiat money should be created precisely in proportion to the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere and sequestered in plants, soil or the rocks under our feet. 其思想是这样的: 精确地创造一定量的新法定货币, 其数量应正比于 要从大气中提取并隔离 在我们脚下的植物、 土壤或岩石中的二氧化碳量。
And that new money was to be given to anyone who drew carbon back out of the air or demonstrably and over the long term refrained from burning it in the first place . 这笔新资金将提供给 任何从空气中回收碳的人群, 以及始终如一地节制排碳的人群。
This monetary and fiscal policy reoriented a huge proportion of human work to decarbonizing projects, and there were a lot of them ready to go. 这种货币和财政政策 使得很大一部分人类工作 重新定向到脱碳项目上, 其中有很多已经准备好运作。
fiat:n.命令; vt.批准; n.(Fiat)人名; n.菲亚特(意大利汽车品牌); in proportion to:与…成比例,与…相称; sequestered:adj.僻静的;隐蔽的;与外界隔绝的;v.隔离;(sequester的过去分词和过去式) demonstrably:adv.可论证地;明确地; refrained:v.克制;节制;避免(refrain的过去分词和过去式) in the first place:首先;起初; monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; fiscal:adj.会计的,财政的;国库的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; reoriented:vt.使适应;再调整; decarbonizing:v.使脱碳;(decarbonize的现在分词)
Regenerative agriculture was one giant area, very important, as people still needed to eat while saving the world. 再生农业是一个宽广而重要的领域, 因为人类拯救世界的同时也要吃饭。
Reforestation , where appropriate , was also a rapid method of carbon drawdown . 在适当的情况下, 重新造林也是一种快速减排的方法。
So was direct air capture , which required an entirely new physical infrastructure , all paid for by carbon coins. 直接空气捕获技术也是如此, 该技术需要全新的基础设施, 全部由碳币支付。
Regenerative:adj.再生的,更生的;更新的; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 Reforestation:n.重新造林; appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; drawdown:n.(美)减少;水位降低; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Some captured carbon got rendered into replacements for concrete and steel, and that, too, earned carbon coins. 一些捕获的碳被转化为 混凝土和钢材的替代品, 这也能获得碳币。
Habitat restoration also helped, usually. 栖息地的恢复通常也是有用的。
Once people were getting paid to take care of the earth's land and animals, carbon drawdown then joined the effort to stop the mass extinction event that we had been slipping into. 一旦从爱护地球土地和动物中获得回报, 碳减少就进入了人类的努力列表中, 努力阻止不断逼近的 大规模灭绝事件发生。
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) rendered:v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;递交;(render的过去分词和过去式) replacements:n.替代,替换件;补充; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖 Habitat:n.[生态]栖息地,产地; restoration:n.恢复;复位;王政复辟;归还; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; extinction:n.绝种; slipping:n.滑动;adj.渐渐松弛的;v.滑动;(slip的现在分词);
Of course, clean energy is fundamental to powering all of this good work, and installing thousands of gigawatts of clean energy production was a mammoth task. 当然,清洁能源是推动 所有这些良性工作的基础, 安装数万亿瓦特的清洁能源生产设备 是一项艰巨的任务,
Millions of people spent their careers in this great infrastructural transformation. 数以百万计的人投身于 这个伟大的基础设施转型工作。
Indeed, there was so much work to be done in the 20s that governments funding it were able to create full employment . 事实上,在 20 年代有 很多需完成的任务, 提供资金的政府 因此实现了充分就业。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; installing:v.安装;设置;建立(程序);(install的现在分词) gigawatts:n.千兆瓦;十亿瓦特; mammoth:n.长毛象;猛犸象;庞然大物;adj.巨大的,庞大的;猛犸似的; careers:n.职业(career的复数);事业;职业生涯;v.全速前进(career的三单形式); infrastructural:adj.基础结构的;构造基底的; employment:n.使用;职业;雇用;
'"Create full employment," which of course means an end to poverty . “实现充分就业” 自然就意味着贫困的结束。
That there wouldn't be enough work for people, that there was a contradiction between people's health and the biosphere's health -- these were confusions so ingrained in the era before the 20s, they're now hard to understand. 没有足够的工作岗位, 人类健康与 生物圈健康之间存在矛盾, 这些迷茫思想 在 20 年代之前根深蒂固, 尽管现在很难理解。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; contradiction:n.矛盾;反驳;驳斥; confusions:n.混淆,混乱;困惑; ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的; v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式);
But hindsight is 20/20, if you'll excuse me saying so. 但请容我说, 事后诸葛亮总是容易做的。
And as for keeping fossil fuels in the ground, this, too, had to be compensated , as many nations were literally banking on these resources , the burning of which would ironically have destroyed them. 至于停止开采地下的化石燃料, 这也必须得到补偿, 因为许多国家都依赖于化石资源, 但讽刺的是, 燃烧化石也会摧毁这些国家。
hindsight:n.后见之明;枪的照门; fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的; compensated:v.补偿;弥补;给(某人)赔偿(或赔款);(compensate的过去式和过去分词) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); ironically:adv.讽刺地;说反话地;
When petrostates like Venezuela , Saudi Arabia , Canada and Russia declared they were going to keep it in the ground, they were paid in carbon coins, on a timetable matched to how quickly they would have extracted and sold these fuels. 当委内瑞拉、沙特阿拉伯、 加拿大和俄罗斯等石油国家 宣布暂停开采化石燃料时, 他们会获得碳币支付, 支付的时间与他们 提取和出售燃料的速度相匹配。 支付的时间与他们 提取和出售燃料的速度相匹配。
At the level of cities, infrastructure changes got paid for as they reduced carbon burn. 在城市层面, 基础设施的改善减少了碳燃烧, 他们也因此获得了资金。
Mass transit projects, electric car recharging stations, infill construction , city agriculture, clean power generation -- all these actions earned carbon coins at the city level. 公共交通项目、电动汽车充电站、 填充式建筑、城市农业、清洁发电—— 这些都为城市挣得了碳币。
Venezuela:n.委内瑞拉; Saudi:adj.沙乌地阿拉伯(人或语)的;n.沙乌地阿拉伯人; Arabia:n.阿拉伯半岛(亚洲西南部,等于ArabianPeninsula); timetable:n.时间表;时刻表;预定计划;vt.为…安排时间 extracted:adj.萃取的;引出的;v.提取(extract的过去式及过去分词); transit:n.运输;经过;v.运送;经过; electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; recharging:v.给(电池)充电;恢复体力;休整;(recharge的现在分词) infill:vt.填实,填入;n.填充物,填实物; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
And individuals could earn the coins as well, by efforts such as no-till agriculture or green ranching , peat bog creation , kelp farming and also swapping out dirty machines for clean ones. 个人也可以赚取碳币, 通过免耕农业或绿色牧场、 泥炭沼泽建造、海带养殖, 以及改用洁净化机器等途径。
All such decarbonizing efforts now made money rather than cost money. 现在,所有这些脱碳努力 都能赚钱而不是花钱。
Well, of course, there were many problems created by this shift in value. 当然,这种价值转变 也带来了很多问题。
Certifying carbon drawdown became a huge industry in itself, and anything that gets measured gets gamed. 碳排放量认证本身 就成为了一个大型产业, 而任何被量化的东西 都会被用来博弈。
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); no-till:免耕; ranching:n.经营大牧场;v.经营牧场(ranch的ing形式); peat:n.泥煤;泥炭块;泥炭色; bog:n.沼泽;泥塘;vt.使陷于泥沼;使动弹不得;vi.陷于泥沼;动弹不得; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; kelp:n.[植]巨藻,海藻;海草灰;vi.烧制海草灰; swapping:v.交换(东西);交换(工作);用…替换;(swap的现在分词) Certifying:v.证明;保证; measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
So this was not a simple matter. 所以这并不是一件简单的事情。
But it got done. 但人们的确成功了。
And then ... 然后……
the heat waves of 2027 made it seem as if all their good work had come too late, the people could no longer stop a slide into catastrophe. 2027 年的热浪似乎宣告 所有的良性工作 都开展得太晚了, 人类再也无法阻止灾难来临。
Things could have fallen apart that year, and there was enough turmoil to make it seem like that was what was happening. 那一年,世界都可能分崩离析, 而且动荡之多让人类确信 末日即将到来。
The countries that cast dust into the atmosphere the next summer to deflect sunlight into space and cool things off for a while -- these countries were excoriated by many, but thanked by many more. 一些国家在第二年夏天 向大气中抛洒灰尘, 目的是将阳光反射向太空, 借此使地球冷却一段时间, 这些国家受到了许多的谴责, 但也受到了更多人的感激。
turmoil:n.混乱,骚动; deflect:v.偏转,转移;偏斜,转向;引开;阻止; sunlight:n.日光; for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时; excoriated:vt.严厉的责难;擦破...的皮肤;
The sense of emergency grew strong, and political instability spread like wildfire . 紧急情况愈演愈烈, 政局动荡如野火般蔓延。
The creation of a dozen new countries by way of divorces, velvet or otherwise, was hard to reconcile with the climate emergency work. 通过暴力革命、天鹅绒革命或其他方式 创建的十几个新国家 很难与气候应急工作协调一致。
And for some years, history seemed to fall into chaos . 历史似乎陷入了多年的混乱。
emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; instability:n.不稳定(性);基础薄弱;不安定; wildfire:n.火灾;磷火,鬼火;散布极快的事物; by way of:经由;当作; velvet:n.天鹅绒,丝绒;天鹅绒似的东西;adj.天鹅绒的; reconcile:v.使和谐一致;调和;使配合;使和解;妥协; chaos:n.混沌,混乱;
Often seems that way. 看起来经常这样。
The global temperatures cooled for a few years after that, and political temperatures cooled as well. 此后的几年,全球气温下降, 政治方面也得以降温。
Indigenous people took an active role in managing the lands that they knew the best, bringing back much-needed values of long-term care. 土着居民在管理他们最熟悉的土地方面 发挥了积极的作用, 带回了长期护理的急需价值观。 带回了长期护理的急需价值观。
Women's empowerment continued to expand by way of the continuous and undeniable work of women. 女性赋权范围不断扩大, 这得益于女性持续和 不可磨灭的工作。
And when the world's population then began to level off , pressures of all kinds were reduced accordingly . 当世界人口开始趋于平稳时, 各种压力也相应减小。
Indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; empowerment:n.许可,授权; expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; undeniable:adj.不可否认的;公认优秀的;无可争辩的; level off:n.达到同一水准; accordingly:adv.因此,于是;相应地;照著;
The project also of leaving a big percentage of the earth's surface to our cousin species gained momentum , with large reserves of wildland connected by habitat corridors to make migrations possible again. 将地表一大部分留给其他物种的计划 也有了动力, 栖息地走廊连接了大量的荒地, 使迁徙再次成为可能。
And the mass extinction event that had looked inevitable began to shift into a global project of mutual care. 看起来不可避免的大规模灭绝事件 开始转变为一个相互关心的全球性项目。
Although the sunlight deflection of 2028 remains by far the most famous act of geofinessing, it's important to recall the effort in Antarctica and Greenland 尽管到目前为止, 2028 年的阳光偏转 仍然是最着名的地理学策略行为, 我们也必须记住 人类在南极洲和格陵兰岛所做的努力:
percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成; momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力; reserves:n.[油气]储量; v.储备; wildland:n.荒地; corridors:n.廊道,[建]走廊(corridor的复数形式); migrations:[动][地质]迁移; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; deflection:n.偏向;挠曲;偏差; recall:v.记起;回想起;使想到;勾起;召回;n.记忆力;记性;回归请求;回收令;
to pump meltwater out from under the great glaciers that were then sliding faster and faster into the sea. 从巨大的冰川下抽出融水, 这些冰川正越来越快地沉入海中。
Sea level rise could have been a catastrophe for everybody, not just near the coastlines , but everybody. 海平面上升对每个人来说 都是一场灾难, 不仅是在海岸线附近的居民, 而是每个人。
But removing that meltwater beneath the glaciers caused their ice to bottom out on rock again, slowed the ice back to its historical norms . 但是,清除冰川下方的融水 导致它们的冰块再次触底反弹, 使冰层缓慢恢复到曾经的水平。
pump:n.抽水机;泵;打气筒;v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动; meltwater:n.冰雪融化成的水;熔融液; glaciers:n.[地理][水文]冰川(glacier的复数);[地理][水文]冰河; Sea level:海平面; coastlines:n.[海洋]海岸线(coastline的复数); beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方; historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
Sea level rise is still a concern , of course, but in this matter, as in so many, carbon drawdown is a huge help. 当然,海平面上升 仍然是一个问题, 但在这个问题上,与其他很多事一样, 碳量的减少将会有很大的帮助。
It's the clear signal indicating that we have taken up our responsibility for keeping the biosphere in balance, that the parts per million of CO2 in the atmosphere is now under our control and a matter of international treaty negotiation . 这是一个明确的信号, 表明我们已经承担起责任, 承担起保持生物圈平衡的责任, 大气中百万分之一的二氧化碳 现在在我们的控制之下, 并且成为了国际条约谈判的问题。
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; indicating:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示;(indicate的现在分词) treaty:n.条约,协议;谈判; negotiation:n.谈判;转让;顺利的通过;
This is really the great accomplishment of our time. 这是我们这个时代的伟大成就。
It means we can put sea level, along with everything else, onto a shared path towards long-term stability. 这意味着我们可以 将海平面与其他问题 放在一条通往长期稳定的共同道路上。
It's another way in which we can say we now live on the carbon standard. 这是我们现在生活在 碳标准下的另一种方式。
accomplishment:n.成就;完成;技艺,技能;
We take that for granted now. 我们现在觉得这是理所当然的。
But 60 years ago, it was a challenge no generation had had to beat. 但在 60 年前, 这是个没有任何人战胜过得挑战。
That they did it is something we should be grateful for, and indeed, the more historians like me look at the 20s, the more amazing they become. 而那代人做到了, 对此我们应该心怀感激。 像我这样的历史学家 越看 20 年代, 越感觉那代人令人惊奇。
granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
Those people really stepped up. 他们挺身而出。
Thank you. 谢谢。