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KhulanBatkhuyag_2020S-_蒙古游牧民族对地球友好的远古智慧_-
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It's funny how foreigners ask me the same questions when they first meet me. |
外国人初见我时问的类似问题 总是很有趣。 |
Questions like, "Wow, you're from Mongolia? |
像是, “哇,你来自蒙古? |
So do you ride horses to go to work?" |
你们是骑马去上班吗?” |
'"Do you know what Coke is?" |
“你知道可乐吗?” |
Or, "Do you have chocolates in Mongolia?" |
或者,“在蒙古有巧克力吗?” |
And if I want to have fun with it, |
然后如果我想找点乐子, |
I say things like, "Oh my God, |
我会说: “我的天, |
I've never heard any of those before. |
我从来没有听过 你说的东西。 |
What are Coke and chocolates? |
什么是可乐和巧克力? |
Can you tell me more about them?" |
你能再给我说说吗?” |
It always works, and we have a good laugh about it too. |
这招总是有用的, 我们也会觉得这样非常好笑。 |
In reality, our capital city, Ulaanbaatar, is very urban . |
实际上,我们的首都,乌兰巴托, 非常城市化。 |
We have commercial buildings, brand-name hotels and beautiful art spaces too. |
我们有商业建筑, 名牌酒店, 和美丽的艺术空间。 |
But all too often foreigners fixate on what Mongolia lacks. |
但是,很多时候, 外国人总盯着蒙古缺少的东西。 |
They look at our massive , untouched landscape , traditional nomadic lifestyles , and see it as a sign of poverty . |
他们看着我们广阔的原始风光, 传统的游牧生活方式, 认为这是贫困的标识。 |
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; brand-name:adj.著名品牌的; fixate:v.(使)固定,注视; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; untouched:adj.未受影响的;未改变的;未触动过的;不受感动的; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境; traditional:传统的,惯例的, nomadic:adj.游牧的;流浪的;游动的; lifestyles:n.生活方式(lifestyle的复数); poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
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And I disagree. |
而我不同意。 |
In fact, I think there's a lot we can learn from ancient Mongolian nomads that will help us survive in the years and decades to come. |
实际上,我认为有很多东西 可以从古代蒙古游牧民族身上学到, 能帮助我们 在未来几十年生存。 |
This is a picture of me playing Mongolia's most celebrated traditional instrument , morin khuur, or horsehead fiddle . |
这是我的一张照片, 我在演奏蒙古最着名的传统乐器, “莫林胡尔” 或者叫做“马头琴”。 |
I started playing the instrument when I was only nine, and by 11 I was traveling the world representing Mongolia at international festivals, living and studying in places like Japan, China, Finland, Germany and Sweden. |
我从九岁时候开始弹奏, 十一岁时开始在世界各地游历, 在日本,中国,芬兰,德国,瑞典 生活和学习时 |
Mongolian:n.蒙古语; adj.蒙古人的; nomads:n.游牧民,牧游者(nomad的复数形式);流浪者; instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械; morin:n.[试剂]桑色素; fiddle:n.小提琴;vi.瞎搞;拉小提琴;vt.虚度时光;拉小提琴; representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词)
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But then suddenly, when I was 21, |
但是突然间, 在我 21 岁时, |
I lost my loving mother, and just two years later |
我失去了我挚爱的母亲, 然后仅两年后, |
I lost my father. |
又失去了我的父亲。 |
As an only child , |
作为独生子女, |
I was devastated and lonely. |
我感觉绝望和孤独。 |
At the time, the only thing I had left was my country, so I decided to move home. |
那时候, 我唯一还有的是我的祖国。 所以我决定回家。 |
When I was lost with sorrow, my country gave me a feeling of safety and belonging. |
在我因悲伤迷失时, 我的祖国给了我 安全感和归属感。 |
only child:n.独生子(或女); devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式)
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I imagined eternal the blue sky of Mongolia as my father and the untouched, gorgeous landscape as my mother. |
我把永恒的蒙古蓝天 想象成我的父亲, 把原始又美丽的风光 想象成我的母亲。 |
Having lived in developed countries for over a decade, |
由于已经在发达国家 生活了十多年, |
I became very distant from the nomadic lifestyles, so I wanted to reconnect and experience it for myself. |
我已经离游牧生活方式很远了, 所以我想要重建这种连接, 重新经历。 |
eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的; gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的; distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的; reconnect:v.使再接合;
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I often journeyed away from the city toward my grandparents' provinces in rural Mongolia to see where my parents and I came from, and better understand my own identity . |
我经常从城市出发 去我祖父母所在的省份, 蒙古的农村, 看一看我和父母出生的地方, 去更好了解自己的身份。 |
Growing up, I'd always heard stories about how Mongolian nomads were the most hospitable people on earth, and I wanted to see with my own eyes whether they really feed and give shelter to a stranger. |
在我成长的过程中, 总是听说蒙古游牧民族的故事, 他们是地球上最热情好客的民族, 我也想亲眼看看 他们是否真的会收留一个陌生人。 |
journeyed:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; hospitable:adj.热情友好的;(环境)舒适的;
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So I set off to the countryside, driving along dirt roads for hours. |
所以我出发去了乡下, 沿着土路行驶了几个小时。 |
What's incredible about Mongolian nomads is that the neighbors are often 40 kilometers apart, and there's no private land ownership of pasture land in Mongolia. |
关于游牧民族不可思议的是 邻居间的距离 通常有 40 公里远, 而且在蒙古没有私人所有的牧场。 |
In a way, |
某种程度上, |
dirt:n.污垢;尘土;下流话; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; pasture:n.草地;牧场;牧草;v.放牧;吃草;
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Mongolian nomads have the complete freedom, moving about the gorgeous landscape as they wish. |
蒙古游牧民族拥有完全的自由, 可以随心所欲地 在美丽的风景中穿梭。 |
Eventually , I spotted to humble yurts and I pulled over. |
最终,我遇见了不起眼的蒙古包, 然后我停了车。 |
Yurts, or ger, are a traditional Mongolian dwelling . |
蒙古包, 是传统的蒙古民居。 |
They're made from one hundred percent natural material, a wooden frame and floor, leather rope and thick blankets made from felted sheep's wool . |
它们由百分之百的 天然材料制成的, 木制的框架和地板, 皮制的绳子, 和毡羊毛制成的厚毯子。 |
Eventually:adv.最后,终于; spotted:adj.有花点的;有斑点的;v.看见;看出;发现;让步;(spot的过去分词和过去式) humble:adj.谦逊的; vt.使谦恭; yurts:n.(游牧地区用兽皮或毛毯所盖的)圆顶帐篷; dwelling:n.住处;住所;公寓;v.居住;栖身;(dwell的现在分词) wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的 frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; leather:n.皮革;皮革制品;v.用皮革包盖;抽打;adj.皮的;皮革制的; wool:n.毛;毛线;毛料;毛织物;
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And it takes about only three to four hours to assemble or disassemble , and keeps them warm through the minus 50 degree Celsius winters. |
而且只需要三到四小时 就可以组装和拆卸, 它们可以在零下 50 摄氏度的冬天 为人们御寒。 |
Outside the yurt, the kids were playing with sheep and goats, and as I greeted them, their parents welcomed me inside. |
在蒙古包外, 孩子们在与绵羊,山羊玩耍。 我和他们打招呼的时候, 他们的父母邀请我进到里面。 |
The wife poured me nice warm milk tea, and the husband offered me food that they had already prepared on the table. |
妻子给我倒了美味的热奶茶, 丈夫请我吃了 已经在桌子上备好的食物。 |
disassemble:vt.拆开,解开;反汇编; minus:prep.减,减去;n.负号,减号;不足;负数;adj.减的;负的; Celsius:adj.摄氏的;n.摄氏度; poured:v.使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出;喷发;(pour的过去分词和过去式)
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After some casual chitchat , the husband politely asked my purpose, so I replied bluntly that I was just traveling and exploring my grandparents' roots and that I needed a place to stay as the sun was setting. |
在闲聊一会后, 丈夫礼貌地问了我来访的目的, 于是我直截了当地回答, 我只是旅行 和探寻一下我祖辈的生活。 并且因为快天黑了, 所以我需要可以留宿的地方。 |
And guess what? |
然后你们猜猜发生了什么? |
He said I could stay as long as I needed to, on one condition. |
他说我可以想住多久就住多久, 只有一个条件。 |
He asked if I would play the morin khuur, our traditional Mongolian horsehead fiddle. |
他问我是否会弹莫林胡尔, 我们蒙古传统的马头琴。 |
chitchat:n.闲聊;v.聊天; bluntly:adv.坦率地,直率地;迟钝地; exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
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In my head, I couldn't believe it was coming true. |
我不敢相信就这样成功了。 |
And the horsehead fiddle was like a ticket. |
马头琴就像一张门票。 |
When Mongolians find out that you can play morin khuur, you're instantly respected. |
当蒙古人知道你会拉马头琴时, 你马上会受到尊重。 |
They say its two strings express all the events of the world. |
他们说琴上仅有的两条弦 就可以表达世界上所有的事情。 |
I ended up staying with them for nine days, and they didn't even ask me to leave. |
我在他们家住了九天, 他们从没想让我离开。 |
I think if I tried to stay there for two months, they would have let me. |
我想如果我住两个月, 他们也会同意。 |
Mongolians:n.蒙古症患者(蒙古症等于唐氏综合症,mongolian的复数); strings:一串,悬挂(string的第三人称单数和复数) express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
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And here's the thing: before I met them, |
因此,我意识到一件事: 在我遇见他们之前, |
I assumed that Mongolian nomads were hospitable out of kindness like anybody else. |
我以为蒙古游牧民族 和其他人一样 热情好客。 |
But then I realized it was more than that. |
但是我才认识到, 他们不只这样。 |
It was about surviving as a community . |
那是作为社区团体的生存技能。 |
Because nomads live in extremely remote areas, they are completely at the mercy of nature. |
因为游牧民族住在偏远地区, 所以他们完全受制于大自然。 |
assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; mercy:n.仁慈,宽容;怜悯;幸运;善行;
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Heavy snowfall , a sudden flood or a raging storm can devastate a nomadic family. |
大雪, 突发的洪水, 或者一场狂风暴雨 都可能摧毁一个游牧家庭。 |
Today, it's a stranger who needs help, but tomorrow, it could be you. |
今天,是一个陌生人需要帮助, 但明天,可能就是自己。 |
That's why they look out for each other and welcome anyone in need of help. |
这就是为什么他们会互相照顾, 并且欢迎任何需要帮助的人。 |
snowfall:n.降雪;降雪量; raging:adj.愤怒的,狂暴的;v.发怒,恼火(rage的现在分词); look out for:当心,提防
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This really touched my heart, because I feel like we humans are becoming more and more selfish. |
这一点真的非常打动我, 因为我觉得人类 在变得越来越自私。 |
Staying with a truly nomadic family awakened me. |
与真正的游牧家庭的共处 唤醒了我。 |
It was nothing like I've ever seen in developed countries. |
这与我在发达国家 所看到的都不同。 |
The wife of the family showed me how they produce organic dairy products from scratch , like white cheese, yogurt, tsegee, and even a traditional vodka made from cow milk. |
妻子给我展示了 他们如何从零开始 生产有机乳制品, 像是白奶酪,酸奶,马奶酒 甚至有用牛奶制成的 传统伏特加酒。 |
awakened:adj.觉醒的;v.唤醒(awaken的过去式); organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体; dairy:n.奶制品; adj.乳品的; from scratch:白手起家;从头做起; vodka:n.伏特加酒;
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And every tool they use is made from natural material by hand. |
他们用的每个工具 都是由天然材料手工打造的。 |
And inside the yurt, we burned dried cow dung to stay warm instead of using fuel. |
在蒙古包内, 我们烧干牛粪来取暖, 而不使用燃料。 |
Everything stood in sharp contrast to my city life filled with plastic and steel. |
这一切都与我之前 充满塑料和钢铁的城市生活 |
And this was a five-senses experience to me, a completely different form of sophistication . |
这次对我来说真是全新的体验, 一种完全不同的精致生活。 |
dung:vt.施粪肥于;n.粪; sharp:锋利的,尖的 contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; sophistication:n.复杂;诡辩;老于世故;有教养;
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The more I traveled across remote and rural destinations in Mongolia, the more I understood how ancient nomadic lifestyle was powered by Mother Nature . |
在蒙古偏远的乡村走的越多, 我越可以理解 大自然母亲如何驱动 古老的游牧生活方式。 |
Nomadic life is truly zero waste. |
游牧生活是真正的零浪费。 |
Over the course of six years, |
在六年的时间里, |
I visited more than 20 families, and my experience was always the same. |
我拜访了二十多个家庭, 而我的体验总是一样的。 |
They invited me in, offered me food and gave me a place to stay if I needed it. |
他们邀请我,为我提供食物, 如果我需要就会为我提供住处。[07:16] |
Mother Nature:n.大自然;自然界;
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I was surprised by how little they owned. |
我曾非常惊讶于 他们拥有的东西之少。 |
At first, I thought it was because they moved about four times a year. |
开始,我认为是因为 他们每年要搬四次家。 |
OK, that's a very simple logic to understand. |
是的,这是非常容易理解的逻辑。 |
You only carry what you need. |
你只需要带上必要之物。 |
But then I learned there's a deeper philosophy behind it. |
但是之后我了解到 在这背后更深的哲学理念。 |
Historically , nomads believed that we are only passing through this life, that people come and leave naked , so they believe that there's no point in building anything that destroys nature or in being greedy for materialistic things when your life expectancy is only less than 100 years. |
历史上,游牧民族相信 我们只是生不带来, 死不带走地度过一生, 所以他们相信, 当你的预期寿命不到一百岁时, 建造任何会破坏自然的事物, 或者贪婪追求物质 都是没有意义的。 |
logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; Historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; naked:adj.裸体的;无装饰的;无证据的;直率的; greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的; materialistic:adj.唯物主义的;唯物论的; life expectancy:预期寿命;
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Instead, they invest in tradition, heritage , history, and pass it from generation to generation. |
相反,他们注重传统、 遗产、历史, 并且代代相传。 |
This ancient nomadic philosophy made me realize that I should think bigger and further than my own convenience and comfort. |
这个古老的游牧哲学让我意识到, 我应该想得更多更远, 不只是为了自己的舒适和便捷。 |
In the Mongolian countryside, I felt a true form of freedom, and every time I came back to the city, |
在蒙古乡村, 我感受了一种真正的自由, 而且每次我回到城市, |
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权; convenience:n.方便;便利;适宜;便利的事物(或设施);
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I looked for ways to live more minimally . |
我都会去寻找更简洁的生活方式。 |
I digitalized all of my company's paper procedures . |
我将公司里的所有书面程序数字化。 |
What once took 20 packs of A4 paper now takes just one. |
曾经需要 20 包 A4 纸的事情 现在只需要一包。 |
I downsized my apartment, reduced my carbon footprint and picked up a habit to rethink my actions, like purchasing , choosing transportation , and many other lifestyle choices at home and work. |
我换了更小的公寓, 减少了我的碳排放, 并且养成了重新思考 我日常行为的习惯, 比如买东西,选择交通工具, 以及其他在家和工作中 的生活方式。 |
minimally:adv.最低限度地;最低程度地; digitalized:adj.数字化的;v.使数字化(digitalize的过去分词);以洋地黄治疗; procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数); downsized:v.裁员,精减;(downsize的过去分词和过去式) carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; footprint:n.足迹;脚印; rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法; purchasing:n.购买;采购;v.买;购买;采购;(purchase的现在分词) transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
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And most importantly , |
而最重要的是, |
I stopped working on fast-moving consumer-goods marketing projects and now work with organizations that promote sustainability . |
我不再从事快销品的市场项目, 而是开始与促进可持续性的组织合作。 |
But by far the biggest change is that I've started to see development with fresh eyes. |
但是,到目前为止, 开始用崭新的眼光看待发展。 |
And most importantly:最主要的是…; fast-moving:adj.移动迅速的; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; promote:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升; sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
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In cities, living in a traditional yurt as a nomad and having less is often interpreted as a sign of poverty, not just abroad but at home in Mongolia too. |
在城市里, 住在传统蒙古包里 拥有较少的资产的牧民 通常被理解为贫穷的象征, 这不仅在国外, 在蒙古也是一样。 |
We think that the end goal for every developing country is to become the next Tokyo or New York City, with their skyscrapers , big shopping malls and toll roads. |
人们认为每个发展中国家的终极目标 都是变成下一个东京或者纽约, 拥有一样的摩天大楼, 大型购物中心和收费公路。 |
interpreted:v.诠释;说明;把…理解为;领会;口译;(interpret的过去式和过去分词) abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国; skyscrapers:n.摩天大楼;(skyscraper的复数) toll:n.伤亡人数; v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟); (尤指)鸣(丧钟);
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Communities around the world are abandoning their traditional lifestyles in pursuit of material wealth . |
世界各地的社区都在 抛弃传统的生活方式 追求物质财富。 |
But let's not forget, the developed countries are the ones most responsible for climate change. |
但是我们不要忘了, 那些发达国家 最应该为气候变化负责。 |
So we have to ask ourselves, why do we keep on following the same blueprint when we know it causes harm to the world? |
所以我们要问问自己, 为什么我们已经知道 这样做会危害世界, 却还在继续遵循相同的蓝图呢? |
Communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) abandoning:v.放弃;屈服;(abandon的现在分词) in pursuit of:寻求,追求; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; blueprint:vt.计划;制成蓝图;n.蓝图,设计图;计划;
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We've all experienced the consequences of our choices over the past eight months. |
在过去的八个月中, 我们都体验到了这些选择的后果。 |
So doing right by Mother Nature and focusing on earth-friendly , zero-waste habits is not an option anymore. |
所以,为大自然母亲做对的事, 专注于环境友好,零排放的习惯, 不再是一个选项。 |
And who knows the key ingredients better than our ancestors, the ones who survived without the media or technology but with wisdom alone? |
而且,谁会比我们的祖先 更了解那些关键的因素, 他们在没有媒体或者技术下, 依靠仅有的智慧 生存下来。 |
consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); earth-friendly:adj.有利于地球生态保护的;对地球不造成污染的; option:n.选择;可选择的东西; ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数) media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问;
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As a citizen of Mongolia, |
作为蒙古的公民, |
I grew up hearing that developing countries are inferior , and I really took it to heart. |
我从小就听大家说 发展中国家处于劣势, 而且我真的往心里去了。 |
But today, I want to say loud and clear that I don't see disadvantages from developing countries anymore. |
但是如今,我想大声并响亮地说, 我不再认为发展中国家有这些劣势。 |
On the contrary , |
相反地, |
I see countries that have the biggest opportunity to do things in the right way, countries that can define their own kind of development and have the most advantage to build a better and safer environment for everyone. |
我觉得这些国家有更大的机会 用正确的方式做事, 他们可以定义自己的发展方式, 具有为每个人建立更好, 更安全的环境的 最大优势。 |
inferior:adj.较差的; n.不如别人的人; disadvantages:n.不利因素;障碍;不便之处;(disadvantage的复数) On the contrary:正相反; define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
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What worked for our ancestors for thousands of years can work for us now, and in the future, when combined with the latest innovations . |
那些祖先们几千年来做的事情 现在可以为我们所用, 在未来, 也可以结合最新的创新。 |
After all, we're all guests in this world, so let's do right by the earth and each other just like the ancient Mongolian nomads did. |
说到底,我们都是 这个世界的客人, 所以,让我们像 古代的蒙古游牧民族一样, 一起为地球和大家做对的事情。 |
Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革;
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