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KevinRudd_2015-_中国和美国注定要有冲突吗？_
G'day, my name's Kevin. 大家好,我叫凯文
I'm from Australia. I'm here to help. 我来自澳大利亚,我来帮忙的
(Laughter) （笑声）
Tonight, I want to talk about a tale of two cities. 今晚,我想谈一个关于两个城市的故事
One of those cities is called Washington, and the other is called Beijing. 其中一个城市叫华盛顿,另一个叫北京
Because how these two capitals shape their future and the future of the United States and the future of China doesn't just affect those two countries, it affects all of us in ways, perhaps, we've never thought of: the air we breathe, the water we drink, the fish we eat, the quality of our oceans, the languages we speak in the future, the jobs we have, the political systems we choose, and, of course, the great questions of war and peace. 因为这两个首都如何规划他们的未来 以及美国的未来,中国的未来 不仅仅是影响这两个国家 它对我们所有人都有影响 可能,在很多方面,我们都没想过: 我们呼吸的空气,我们饮用的水 我们食用的鱼,我们海洋的质量 我们以后使用语言 我们拥有的工作我们选择的政治系统 当然,还有,战争与和平这一重大问题
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
You see that bloke ? He's French. 看到那哥儿们了吗？他是法国人
bloke:n.家伙;小子;
His name is Napoleon. 他的名字叫拿破仑
A couple of hundred years ago, he made this extraordinary projection : "China is a sleeping lion, and when she awakes, the world will shake." 几百年前 他发表了这一非凡的推测 “中国是沉睡的雄狮 当她醒来时世界将为之震撼
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; projection:n.投射;规划;突出;发射;推测;
Napoleon got a few things wrong; he got this one absolutely right. 拿破仑犯过一些错误 但在这一点,他是毫无疑问正确的
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
Because China is today not just woken up, 因为今天的中国不单醒了
China has stood up and China is on the march, and the question for us all is where will China go and how do we engage this giant of the 21st century? 而且还站了起来,并大步前行 那么留给我们的问题就是 中国将走向何方 我们要如何在21世纪与这巨人一同前行
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的
You start looking at the numbers, they start to confront you in a big way. 你开始注意数据这些数据大规模向你袭来
confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗;
It's projected that China will become, by whichever measure -- PPP, market exchange rates -- the largest economy in the world over the course of the decade ahead. 它展示了中国 不管是以哪种衡量方式——购买力平价,市场汇率—— 在接下来十年的过程中 都将成为世界最大的经济体
whichever:pron.任何一个;无论哪个;adj.无论哪个;无论哪些; exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
They're already the largest trading nation, already the largest exporting nation, already the largest manufacturing nation, and they're also the biggest emitters of carbon in the world. 他们已经是最大的贸易国 已经是最大的出口国 已经是最大的生产制造国 同时也是世界上碳排放量最大的国家
exporting:v.出口;输出;传播,输出(思想或活动);(export的现在分词) manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); emitters:n.发射器;排放者;发射源;[物]发射体(emitter的复数); carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的;
America comes second. 美国位居第二
So if China does become the world's largest economy, think about this: 所以一旦中国成为世界最大的经济体 那么细想一下:
It'll be the first time since this guy was on the throne of England -- 这将会是自 这个英国国王
throne:n.王座;君主;王权;v.登上王座;
George III, not a good friend of Napoleon's -- that in the world we will have as the largest economy a non-English speaking country, a non-Western country, a non-liberal democratic country. 乔治三世之后,他可不是拿破仑的好友—— 这个世界上形成的最大的经济体 一个非英语的国家 它不是一个西方国家 它不是一个自由民主政治的国家
non-Western:adj.非西方的;非西方社会的; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
And if you don't think that's going to affect the way in which the world happens in the future, then personally , I think you've been smoking something, and it doesn't mean you're from Colorado . 如果你觉得这不会影响世界未来的发展 如果你觉得这不会影响世界未来的发展 那么个人觉得,你一定是大麻抽嗨了 这并不意味你来自科罗拉多（美国的一个州,大麻已经合法化）
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; Colorado:n.科罗拉多;[城]科罗拉多州;科罗拉多河;
So in short, the question we have tonight is, how do we understand this mega-change, which I believe to be the biggest change for the first half of the 21st century? 简而言之,今晚我们的问题 就是我们如何理解这场巨变 我觉得这是21世纪上半世纪最大的改变
It'll affect so many things. 它的影响范围极广
It will go to the absolute core . 它会影响到我们的绝对核心
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
It's happening quietly. It's happening persistently . 它悄然无息在发生它持续不断在发生
persistently:adv.坚持地;固执地;
It's happening in some senses under the radar , as we are all preoccupied with what's going in Ukraine , what's going on in the Middle East , what's going on with ISIS, what's going on with ISIL, what's happening with the future of our economies . 它在雷达侦测不到的某种方式在发生 而此时我们却在关心 乌克兰怎么了中东怎么了 ISIS恐怖组织怎么了ISIL基地组织怎么了 我们未来的经济会怎样
under the radar:坠入琴网;雷达之下;在雷达下; preoccupied:adj.心事重重; v.使日夜思考; (preoccupy的过去分词和过去式) Ukraine:n.乌克兰(原苏联一加盟共和国,现已独立); Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部); economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
This is a slow and quiet revolution . 这是一个缓慢而无声的革命
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
And with a mega-change comes also a mega-challenge, and the mega-challenge is this: 伴随着这个巨变而来的,是巨大的挑战 这个巨大的挑战就是:
Can these two great countries, 这两个大国
China and the United States -- 中国和美国——
China, the Middle Kingdom, and the United States, which in Chinese, by the way , means "the beautiful country." 中国 中央之国 美国 在中文里,意思是“美丽的国家”
by the way:顺便说一下;
Think about that -- that's the name that China has given this country for more than a hundred years. 想一下,那是中国在一百多年前 给美国起的名字
Whether these two great civilizations , these two great countries, can in fact carve out a common future for themselves and for the world? 这两种文明,这两个国度 能否为他们也为世界 勾勒出共同的未来呢？
civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式); carve:vt.雕刻;切开;开创;vi.切开;做雕刻工作;
In short, can we carve out a future which is peaceful and mutually prosperous , or are we looking at a great challenge of war or peace? 简而言之,我们能否勾画出这么一个未来 和平共处,互惠互利 或我们是在考虑要战争还是和平 这一巨大挑战？
mutually:adv.互相地;互助; prosperous:adj.繁荣的;兴旺的;
And I have 15 minutes to work through war or peace, which is a little less time than they gave this guy to write a book called "War and Peace." 我有15分钟给大家讲一下战争或和平 这相比当时他们给这个人 写《战争与和平》这本书的时间要简短些
People ask me, why is it that a kid growing up in rural Australia got interested in learning Chinese? 人们问我,为什么一个在澳大利亚乡下长大的小孩 会对学习中文感兴趣呢？
rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
Well, there are two reasons for that. 原因有二
Here's the first of them. 这是第一个
That's Betsy the cow. 这是一头叫贝琪的奶牛
Now, Betsy the cow was one of a herd of dairy cattle that I grew up with on a farm in rural Australia. 现在,奶牛贝琪是和在澳洲农村 和我一起长大的众多奶牛中的一头
herd:n.兽群,畜群;放牧人;vi.成群,聚在一起;vt.放牧;使成群; dairy:n.奶制品; adj.乳品的;
See those hands there? These are not built for farming. 看到这双手了吗？它们并不适合用来耕作
So very early on, I discovered that in fact, working in a farm was not designed for me, and China was a very safe remove from any career in Australian farm life. 所以很早的时候,我就发现 我并不适合在农场做事,而中国对我来说 则是从澳洲农业生活中安全解脱的途径
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
Here's the second reason. 接来下第二个原因
That's my mom. 那是我母亲
Anyone here ever listen to what their mom told them to do? 在座有人曾听从母亲的建议吗？
Everyone ever do what their mom told them to do? 在座有人曾遵循母亲的建议吗？
I rarely did, but what my mom said to me was, one day, she handed me a newspaper, a headline which said, here we have a huge change. 我几乎没有 但我母亲跟我说的是 有一天,她递给我一张报纸 标题写的是我们将会有巨大的改变
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
And that change is China entering the United Nations . 这个改变就是中国进入联合国
United Nations:n.联合国;
1971, I had just turned 14 years of age, and she handed me this headline. 1971年,我刚满14岁 她给我看了这个标题
And she said, "Understand this, learn this, because it's going to affect your future." 然后她说,“去理解,去学习 因为这会影响你的未来。“
So being a very good student of history, 所以作为历史学科的好学生
I decided that the best thing for me to do was, in fact, to go off and learn Chinese. 我决定最适合我的,其实 就是立马去学中文
The great thing about learning Chinese is that your Chinese teacher gives you a new name. 对于学中文来说,很棒的一件事 就是你的中文老师会给你起一个新名字
And so they gave me this name: 所以他们给我这个名字:
Kè, which means to overcome or to conquer , and Wén, and that's the character for literature or the arts. 克,意思就是去克服,去征服 文,这个汉字代表文学艺术
overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; conquer:v.占领;攻克;征服;击败,战胜;对付,克服,控制;很受欢迎 literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作;
Any of you guys called "Kevin"? 有人的名字是凯文吗？
It's a major lift from being called Kevin to be called Conqueror of the Classics . 从”凯文“到”经典文化的征服者“,确实是一大提升啊
Conqueror:n.征服者;占领者;胜利者; Classics:n.经典;名著;杰作;(classic的复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
I've been called Kevin all my life. 我一辈子都被人叫凯文
Have you been called Kevin all your life? 你们也是否一辈子都被叫凯文呢？
Would you prefer to be called Conqueror of the Classics? 你是否想要被叫成”经典文化的征服者“？
prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
And so I went off after that and joined the Australian Foreign Service , but here is where pride -- before pride, there always comes a fall. 大学毕业后我加入澳大利亚外交部服务 但是这个地方让我在得到荣誉之前先跌了一个跟头
Foreign Service:na.(美国国务院的)外事处;
So there I am in the embassy in Beijing, off to the Great Hall of the People with our ambassador , who had asked me to interpret for his first meeting in the Great Hall of the People. 那时我在北京的大使馆 准备和我们的大使去人民大会堂 他让我在人民大会堂 为他的第一次会议做翻译
embassy:n.大使馆;大使馆全体人员; ambassador:n.大使;代表;使节; interpret:v.诠释;说明;口译;把…理解为;
And so there was I. 所以我就在那儿
If you've been to a Chinese meeting, it's a giant horseshoe . 如果你参加过中国的会议你就会发现现场是个马蹄铁形
horseshoe:vt.装蹄铁于;n.马蹄铁;U形物;
At the head of the horsehoe are the really serious pooh-bahs , and down the end of the horseshoe are the not-so-serious pooh-bahs , the junior woodchucks like me. 马蹄的顶端坐着非常严肃的大人物 沿着马蹄下来是一些不怎么严肃的大人物 和一些像我一样的小兵小卒
pooh-bahs:兼多项工作的人;要人; junior:n.青少年;职位较低者;adj.青少年的;地位低下的; woodchucks:n.土拨鼠;
And so the ambassador began with this inelegant phrase. 然后大使用了一句直白做了开场白
inelegant:adj.不雅的;粗野的;不优美的;
He said, "China and Australia are currently enjoying a relationship of unprecedented closeness ." 他说,“澳中关系目前 是空前的亲密。”
currently:adv.当前;一般地; unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; closeness:n.亲密;接近;密闭;严密;
And I thought to myself, "That sounds clumsy . That sounds odd . 我就对自己说 “这听起来很笨拙,很奇怪啊
clumsy:adj.笨拙的;笨拙地;不得当的;不得当地; odd:adj.古怪的;奇数的;n.奇数;
I will improve it." 我要改改。“
improve:v.改进;改善;
Note to file: Never do that. 友情提醒:千万不用这么做
It needed to be a little more elegant, a little more classical , so I rendered it as follows. 这句话要稍微优雅些,稍微经典些 所以经过我的渲染,如下
classical:adj.古典的;经典的;传统的;第一流的;n.古典音乐; rendered:v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;递交;(render的过去分词和过去式)
[In Chinese] 澳中关系最近处于高潮关系
There was a big pause on the other side of the room. 在房间的另一边,是久久的沉默
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
You could see the giant pooh-bahs at the head of the horseshoe, the blood visibly draining from their faces, and the junior woodchucks at the other end of the horseshoe engaged in peals of unrestrained laughter. 你可以看到马蹄顶端的那些大人物 他们脸蹭地一下就充血了 然后马蹄另一端的那些年轻的小兵小将们 爆发出一阵阵大笑
visibly:adv.明显地;显然;看得见地; draining:v.排空;(使)流光;放干;喝光;喝干;(drain的现在分词) engaged in:从事于;忙于; peals:vt.大声发出; n.钟声,钟乐; vi.大声鸣响; unrestrained:adj.自然的;无限制的;放纵的;
Because when I rendered his sentence, "Australia and China are enjoying a relationship of unprecedented closeness," 因为当我重新渲染这句话的时候 “澳中关系目前 是空前的亲密。”
in fact, what I said was that Australia and China were now experiencing fantastic orgasm . 实际上,我说的是澳大利亚和中国 正在享受绝美的性高潮
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 orgasm:n.[生理]性高潮;极度兴奋;
(Laughter) （笑声）
That was the last time I was asked to interpret. 这也是我最后一次被叫去做翻译
But in that little story, there's a wisdom , which is, as soon as you think you know something about this extraordinary civilization of 5,000 years of continuing history, there's always something new to learn. 但在这个小故事中,却蕴含着道理,就是 哪怕你觉得你已经知道这个拥有5000年历史大国 博大精深的文明 总有新的知识值得你去学习
wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; as soon as:一…就;
History is against us when it comes to the U.S. and China forging a common future together. 当谈到美国与中国 共筑共同的未来时 历史总是与我们背道而驰
forging:n.锻造;锻件;伪造;v.锻造;打制(forge的现在分词);
This guy up here? 上面的这个人
He's not Chinese and he's not American. 他不是中国人也不是美国人
He's Greek. His name's Thucydides. 他是希腊人,名字叫修昔底德
He wrote the history of the Peloponnesian Wars. 他写伯罗奔尼撒战争的历史
And he made this extraordinary observation about Athens and Sparta. 他对雅典和斯巴达 有着卓越的观察研究
observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论;
'"It was the rise of Athens and the fear that this inspired in Sparta that made war inevitable ." “正是雅典的崛起,以及由此引发的斯巴达的恐惧 导致战争不可避免”
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
And hence , a whole literature about something called the Thucydides Trap . 所以,有了所谓的“修昔底德陷阱”
hence:adv.因此;今后; Trap:v.使陷入困境;卡住;夹住;收集;吸收;n.陷阱;圈套;捕捉器;诡计;
This guy here? He's not American and he's not Greek. He's Chinese. 这个人,他不是美国人也不是希腊人他是中国人
His name is Sun Tzu. He wrote "The Art of War," 他的名字叫孙子他写了《孙子兵法》
and if you see his statement underneath , it's along these lines: "Attack him where he is unprepared , appear where you are not expected." 如果你读他的叙述,也就是下面这行字: “攻其无备, 出其不意”
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的; unprepared:adj.无准备的;即席的;尚未准备好的;
Not looking good so far for China and the United States. 中国和美国目前看起来不太乐观
This guy is an American. His name's Graham Allison. 这个人是美国人,名字叫格拉阿姆埃里森
In fact, he's a teacher at the Kennedy School over there in Boston . 他是波士顿肯尼迪学校 的一名老师
Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市);
He's working on a single project at the moment, which is, does the Thucydides Trap about the inevitably of war between rising powers and established great powers apply to the future of China-U.S. relations? 他目前在忙一个项目,就是 关于两股崛起的力量引发的 不可避免的战争的修昔底德陷阱 是否会应验于中美未来的关系呢？
inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
It's a core question. 这是个核心问题
And what Graham has done is explore 15 cases in history since the 1500s to establish what the precedents are. 格拉阿姆研究了自1500年以来 历史上的15个案子 看看前例都是怎样的
explore:v.探索:探测:探险: precedents:n.判例;引用单元;
And in 11 out of 15 of them, let me tell you, they've ended in catastrophic war. 15个案子中的11个 让我告诉你们 它们都已灾难性的战争收尾
catastrophic:adj.灾难的;悲惨的;灾难性的,毁灭性的;
You may say, "But Kevin -- or Conqueror of the Classics -- that was the past. 你可能会说,“但是,凯文—— 或称你为经典文化的征服者—— 那是过去了
We live now in a world of interdependence and globalization . 我们现在生活在一个相互依靠,全球化的世界
interdependence:n.互相依赖; globalization:n.全球化;
It could never happen again." 这种事情不可能再发生了。”
Guess what? 猜怎么着？
The economic historians tell us that in fact, the time which we reached the greatest point of economic integration and globalization was in 1914, just before that happened, World War I, a sobering reflection from history. 经济历史学家告诉我们 事实上我们达到经济一体化和全球化 最鼎盛的时期 是在1914年 就在第一次世界大战之前, 这可是发人省心的史鉴
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; integration:n.集成;综合; sobering:adj.令人警醒的;使人冷静的;v.(使)变得持重,变得冷静;(sober的现在分词) reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思;
So if we are engaged in this great question of how China thinks, feels, and positions itself towards the United States, and the reverse , how do we get to the baseline of how these two countries and civilizations can possibly work together? 所以如果我们思考这个问题 中国是怎么想的 是怎样在美国面前定位自己的 然后想下美国 我们怎样才能认识到 协同发展的底线
reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的; baseline:n.基线;底线;
Let me first go to, in fact, 我先来说说
China's views of the U.S. and the rest of the West. 中国对美国以及西方国家的观念
Number one: China feels as if it's been humiliated at the hands of the West through a hundred years of history, beginning with the Opium Wars. 第一:中国知道在过去的一百年历史里 从鸦片战争开始 备受西方列强的欺辱
humiliated:v.羞辱;使丧失尊严;(humiliate的过去分词和过去式) Opium:n.鸦片;麻醉剂;adj.鸦片的;
When after that, the Western powers carved China up into little pieces, so that by the time it got to the '20s and '30s, signs like this one appeared on the streets of Shanghai. 之后,西方列强瓜分中国 所以在20年代30年代时 像这样的告示牌贴上了上海大街小巷
carved:v.雕刻;刻;把(熟肉)切成块;(carve的过去分词和过去式)
["No dogs and Chinese allowed"] [狗与华人不得入内]
How would you feel if you were Chinese, in your own country, if you saw that sign appear? 如果你是中国人,在你的国家 看到这样的牌子,你会有何感受？
China also believes and feels as if, in the events of 1919, at the Peace Conference in Paris, when Germany's colonies were given back to all sorts of countries around in the world, what about German colonies in China? 中国同时也相信 在1919年,巴黎和会上 当德国的殖民地 被归还到世界各国手里时 德国在中国的殖民地是什么情况呢？
Conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
They were, in fact, given to Japan. 它们全给了日本
When Japan then invaded China in the 1930s the world looked away and was indifferent to what would happen to China. 当日本在30年代入侵中国时 全世界都袖手旁观
invaded:v.入侵;拥入;遍布(invade的过去分词);adj.被侵入的; indifferent to:无兴趣,不关心;冷漠;不在乎;
And then, on top of that, the Chinese to this day believe that the United States and the West do not accept the legitimacy of their political system because it's so radically different from those of us who come from liberal democracies , 另外,今天的中国人也相信 美国和西方国家 并不接受中国政治体系的合法性 因为它和我们这些自由民主国家的 有着根本的区别
to this day:至今; legitimacy:n.合法;合理;正统; radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; democracies:民主;
and believe that the United States to this day is seeking to undermine their political system. 中国也相信,今天的美国 在伺机破坏他们的政治体系
seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基;
China also believes that it is being contained by U.S. allies and by those with strategic partnerships with the U.S. 中国也相信 他们被美国和美国的战略伙伴
allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数) strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的; partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数)
right around its periphery . 在周边给包围了
periphery:n.外围,边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面;
And beyond all that, the Chinese have this feeling in their heart of hearts and in their gut of guts that those of us in the collective West are just too damned arrogant . 除此之外,中国人觉得 打心底里,打肺腑里深信 西方各国的我们 太过高傲了
guts:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;(gut的第三人称单数和复数) collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; damned:adj.该死的; v.该死,混账; (damn的过去分词和过去式) arrogant:adj.自大的,傲慢的;
That is, we don't recognize the problems in our own system, in our politics and our economics, and are very quick to point the finger elsewhere , and believe that, in fact, we in the collective West are guilty of a great bunch of hypocrisy . 就是相信,我们没办法意识到自己体系内 政治方面, 经济方面的问题 然后我们就去别人那里指手画脚 他们也相信,西方列国的我们 应为我们的虚伪感到羞愧
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的; bunch:n.群;串;突出物;vi.隆起;打褶;形成一串;vt.使成一串;使打褶; hypocrisy:n.虚伪;伪善;
Of course, in international relations, it's not just the sound of one hand clapping . 当然,在国际关系中 一个巴掌是拍不响的
clapping:v.鼓掌,拍手;击掌;(clap的现在分词)
There's another country too, and that's called the U.S. 还有另外一个国家呢,那就是美国
So how does the U.S. respond to all of the above? 那么美国史如何回应以上这一切的呢？
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
The U.S. has a response to each of those. 美国对此一一作出回应
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
On the question of is the U.S. containing China, they say, "No, look at the history of the Soviet Union. That was containment ." 其中一个是美国包围中国 他们说,“不,看苏联的历史,那才是包围。”
Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人; containment:n.包含;牵制;容量;密闭度;抑制,牵制;牵制[遏制]政策;
Instead, what we have done in the U.S. and the West is welcome China into the global economy, and on top of that, welcome them into the World Trade Organization . 相反,我们在美国和西方国家所做的 是欢迎中国来到世界经济中 另外,我们欢迎他们来到世界贸易组织
Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
The U.S. and the West say China cheats on the question of intellectual property rights, and through cyberattacks on U.S. and global firms. 美国和西方国家说中国 在知识产权这问题上作假 对美国和跨国公司进行网络攻击
intellectual property:知识产权;
Furthermore , the United States says that the Chinese political system is fundamentally wrong because it's at such fundamental variance to the human rights, democracy , and rule of law that we enjoy in the U.S. and the collective West. 还有,美国说中国的政治体系 的根本是错误的 因为他们在人权,民主,法律上, 和美国以及西方国家 有着原则性的差别
Furthermore:adv.此外;而且; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 variance:n.变异;变化;不一致;分歧;[数]方差; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
And on top of all the above, what does the United States say? 除此之外,美国说了什么？
That they fear that China will, when it has sufficient power, establish a sphere of influence in Southeast Asia and wider East Asia, boot the United States out, and in time, when it's powerful enough, unilaterally seek to change the rules of the global order. 他们害怕中国,当达到一定国力时 会对东南亚和东亚其它地区产生大规模的影响 把美国踢出局 当一定时候,当中国国力强盛时 会单方面寻机改变世界秩序
sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的; sphere:n.球;领域;球体;球形;v.使成球形;包围;把…放在球内;使处于天体之间; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; Southeast:adj.东南的;来自东南的;n.东南;东南地区;adv.来自东南; unilaterally:adv.单方面地;
So apart from all of that, it's just fine and dandy , the U.S.-China relationship. 除了这些吵闹,中美关系 还是平和融洽
dandy:adj.上等的,极好的(口语);服装华丽的;n.花花公子;好打扮的人;
No real problems there. 没什么大问题
The challenge, though, is given those deep-rooted feelings, those deep-rooted emotions and thought patterns, what the Chinese call "Sīwéi," ways of thinking, how can we craft a basis for a common future between these two? 而问题,在于那些根深蒂固的感觉 那些根深蒂固的情绪以及思考模式 中国人称之为“思维”,思考方式 我们要如何为两国共同的未来打造一个基础呢？
deep-rooted:adj.根深蒂固的; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) craft:n.工艺;船;手艺;飞行器;v.(尤指用手工)精心制作;
I argue simply this: 我简单说下我的观点:
We can do it on the basis on a framework of constructive realism for a common purpose. 我们可以在有建设性的现实主义框架上 为了共同目标,建造这个基础
constructive:adj.建设性的;推定的;构造上的;有助益的; realism:n.现实主义;实在论;现实主义的态度和行为;
What do I mean by that? 什么意思呢？
Be realistic about the things that we disagree on, and a management approach that doesn't enable any one of those differences to break into war or conflict until we've acquired the diplomatic skills to solve them. 就是对我们有分歧的事物,要面对现实 以一种管理手段 不让任何差异导致战争或冲突 直到我们找到外交手段去解决它们
realistic:adj.现实的;现实主义的;逼真的;实在论的; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; acquired:adj.习得的; v.获得; (acquire的过去分词和过去式) diplomatic:adj.外交的;从事外交的;有手腕的;灵活变通的;
Be constructive in areas of the bilateral , regional and global engagement between the two, which will make a difference for all of humankind . 两国在双边,区域,以及全球对话上 要有建设性 这对全人类都会有好处
bilateral:adj.双边的;有两边的; regional:adj.地区的;局部的;整个地区的; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; make a difference:有影响,有关系; humankind:n.人类(总称);
Build a regional institution capable of cooperation in Asia, an Asia-Pacific community . 建立促进在亚洲合作的区域机构 一个亚太共同体
institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; cooperation:n.合作;配合; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And worldwide , act further, like you've begun to do at the end of last year by striking out against climate change with hands joined together rather than fists apart. 全球性范围的,则要做得更远些 像你们去年年末开始那样 携手合力共同对付全球气候变化问题 而非拳拳相向。
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
Of course, all that happens if you've got a common mechanism and political will to achieve the above. 当然,这一切只有在你们有共同机制 以及共同政治意图,才能取得以上目标
mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧;
These things are deliverable . 这些都是可以做到的
deliverable:adj.可以传送的;可交付使用的;
But the question is, are they deliverable alone? 但问题是,这些能单独实现吗？
This is what our head tells us we need to do, but what about our heart? 这是我们大脑告诉我们要去做的 但我们的心呢？
I have a little experience in the question back home of how you try to bring together two peoples who, frankly, haven't had a whole lot in common in the past. 在澳洲时,我在一个问题上有个小经历 问题就是如何把两个民族团结在一起 老实说,他们在过去并没有太多共同点
And that's when I apologized to Australia's indigenous peoples. 所以我当时跟澳洲本土人民道歉了
indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的;
This was a day of reckoning in the Australian government, the Australian parliament , and for the Australian people. 这是澳洲政府,澳洲国会 也是为澳洲人民清算的一天
day of reckoning:结帐日;最后审判日;算帐的日子;受报应的日子; parliament:n.议会,国会;
After 200 years of unbridled abuse towards the first Australians, it was high time that we white folks said we were sorry. 在对澳洲原住民无情虐待200年后 是时候让我们白种人为之道歉了
unbridled:adj.放肆的;激烈的;v.放纵;卸下马辔头;(unbridle的过去式和过去分词) abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; high time:应该立即做某事的时候;
The important thing -- 重要的是——
(Applause) （掌声）
The important thing that I remember is staring in the faces of all those from Aboriginal Australia as they came to listen to this apology. 重要的是,我记得 当他们来听道歉的时候 看着那些来自澳洲本土人民的脸
staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词) Aboriginal:adj.土著的;原始的;n.土著居民;土生生物;
It was extraordinary to see, for example, old women telling me the stories of when they were five years old and literally ripped away from their parents, like this lady here. 很特别的经历,例如 老妇人们对我述说他们五岁时 被人从父母身边夺走的故事 像这边这位女士
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
It was extraordinary for me to then be able to embrace and to kiss Aboriginal elders as they came into the parliament building, and one woman said to me, 当原住民老人进入国会大厦时 我能够去拥抱并亲吻他们,对我来说是很特别的事 有一位老妇人对我说
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
it's the first time a white fella had ever kissed her in her life, and she was over 70. 这是她人生第一次被白种人亲吻 她当时已经年过70了
fella:n.伙伴,伙计;小伙子;
That's a terrible story. 这是个悲伤的故事
And then I remember this family saying to me, "You know, we drove all the way from the far North down to Canberra to come to this thing, drove our way through redneck country. 然后我记得这个家庭跟我说 “你知道吗,我们从北边一直开车 到堪培拉,来到这里 一路开过乡下农村
redneck:n.乡下人;红脖子(指美国南方保守的露天劳动者);
On the way back, stopped at a cafe after the apology for a milkshake ." 在回去的路上,在道歉会后在一家咖啡馆停下来要了杯奶昔
milkshake:n.奶昔;
And they walked into this cafe quietly, tentatively , gingerly , a little anxious. 他们安静地,试探性地,小心翼翼地走进这家咖啡馆 有点不安
tentatively:adv.暂时地;试验性地; gingerly:adv.小心翼翼地;慎重地;adj.谨慎的;轻手轻脚的;慎重的;
I think you know what I'm talking about. 我想你们知道我在说什么
But the day after the apology, what happened? 但在道歉会那天之后,发生了什么呢？
Everyone in that cafe, every one of the white folks, stood up and applauded . 咖啡馆里的每个人,每个白种人 都站起来鼓掌
applauded:v.鼓掌;称赞;赞许;赞赏(applaud的过去分词和过去式)
Something had happened in the hearts of these people in Australia. 在澳洲的人民心里,有了些变化
The white folks, our Aboriginal brothers and sisters, and we haven't solved all these problems together, but let me tell you, there was a new beginning because we had gone not just to the head, we'd gone also to the heart. 白种人,我们的土着兄弟姐妹 我们还没有共同解决所有的这些问题 但让我告诉你们,我们有了一个新的开始 因为我们不但用脑去思考 我们更用心去感受
So where does that conclude in terms of the great question that we've been asked to address this evening, which is the future of U.S.-China relations? 所以就我们今晚所提出的那个大问题 就是中美关系的未来这一问题 这个故事的启发在哪呢？
conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定)
The head says there's a way forward. 大脑告诉我们前方有路
The head says there is a policy framework, there's a common narrative , there's a mechanism through regular summitry to do these things and to make them better. 大脑告诉我们有一个政策框架, 有共同的语言 我们可以通过常规峰会 这样的途径去做这些事情,改善这些事情
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; summitry:n.最高级会议的举行;
But the heart must also find a way to reimagine the possibilities of the America-China relationship, and the possibilities of China's future engagement in the world. 但我们的心也必须寻找途径 去实现中美关系的这些可能性 去实现未来中国与世界交流的可能性
reimagine:重新想象;再回味
Sometimes, folks, we just need to take a leap of faith not quite knowing where we might land. 各位,有时候,我们只是需要跨越信任的一步 也许我们不知道我们可能在哪里着陆
leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
In China, they now talk about the Chinese Dream. 在中国,他们在谈论中国梦
In America, we're all familiar with the term "the American Dream ." 在美国,我们已经对”美国梦“很熟悉了
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; American Dream:n.美国梦(美国人传统的价值观和社会标准,如民主、权利平等和财富);
I think it's time, across the world, that we're able to think also of something we might also call a dream for all humankind. 我觉得是时候,在全世界 我们可以思考一些我们可以称之为 人类梦的东西了
Because if we do that, we might just change the way that we think about each other. 因为如果我们这么做 我们可能可以改变 我们评价对方的方式
[In Chinese] [人类梦]
That's my challenge to America. That's my challenge to China. 那是我对美国的挑战那是我对中国的挑战
That's my challenge to all of us, but I think where there's a will and where there is imagination we can turn this into a future driven by peace and prosperity and not once again repeat the tragedies of war. 那是我对我们所有人的挑战 但我觉得有愿望,有想象力 我们就能通过和平共同繁荣 将之实现 而非再一次 重蹈战争悲剧的覆辙
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功; tragedies:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;(tragedy的复数)
I thank you. 我谢谢你们
(Applause) （掌声）
Chris Anderson: Thanks so much for that. Thanks so much for that. 克里斯·安德森:非常感谢,非常感谢
It feels like you yourself have a role to play in this bridging. 听起来你在这中间有着重要的责任
You, in a way, are uniquely placed to speak to both sides. 你,在某种方式,处于特殊地位去向双方演说。
uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地;
Kevin Rudd : Well, what we Australians do best is organize the drinks, so you get them together in one room, and we suggest this and suggest that, then we go and get the drinks. 凯文·路德:嗯,我们澳洲人们最棒的就是组织酒会 所以你把他们召集到一个房间来,然后我们提议这提议那 然后我们喝喝酒
Rudd:n.赤睛鱼;像石斑鱼的淡水鱼; organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;
But no, look, for all of us who are friends of these two great countries, America and China, you can do something. 但,因为都是两国的朋友,中国和美国 所以对于我们来说 你可以有所作为
You can make a practical contribution , and for all you good folks here, next time you meet someone from China, sit down and have a conversation. 你可以有实际性的贡献 而且对于在座的所有好人来说 下一次你见到从中国来的人们 坐下来,聊聊天
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件;
See what you can find out about where they come from and what they think, and my challenge for all the Chinese folks who are going to watch this TED Talk at some time is do the same. 看看你能否发现他们来自哪里,有何想法 然后我对所有准备有空看这个TED Talk 的那些中国人的挑战 也这样做
Two of us seeking to change the world can actually make a huge difference. 双方都想要改变世界就能真的能做出巨大的改变
Those of us up the middle, we can make a small contribution. 我们这些处在中间的人,也可以做出些小贡献
CA: Kevin, all power to you, my friend. Thank you. 克:凯文,加油,我的朋友,谢谢你。
KR: Thank you. Thank you, folks. 凯:谢谢,谢谢你们。
(Applause) （掌声）