|
|
KevinNjabo_2017G-_我们要如何阻止非洲的科学人才外流_
|
| So many of us who care about sustainable development and the livelihood of local people do so for deeply personal reasons. |
很多人關注永續發展 以及當地人民的生計, 是出於非常個人的理由。 |
|
sustainable development:可持续发展; livelihood:n.生计,生活;营生; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
|
| I grew up in Cameroon , a country of enchanting beauty and rich biodiversity , but plagued by poor governance , environmental destruction , and poverty . |
我在喀麥隆長大, 那是個迷人美麗、物種豐富的國家, 卻困於糟糕的治理、環境破壞、貧困。 |
|
Cameroon:n.喀麦隆(西非国名); enchanting:adj.迷人的;使人喜悦的;v.使着迷;使中魔法;(enchant的现在分词) biodiversity:n.生物多样性; plagued:v.困扰(plague的过去分词);折磨; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
|
| As a child, like we see with most children in sub-Saharan Africa today, |
小時候,就像現今非洲撒哈拉以南 大部分孩子一樣, |
|
sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区;
|
| I regularly suffered from malaria . |
我常常遭受瘧疾折磨。 |
|
regularly:adv.经常地;有规律地;定期的 malaria:n.[内科]疟疾;瘴气;
|
| To this day , more than one million people die from malaria every year, mostly children under the age of five, with 90 percent occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. |
至今,每年有超過 一百萬人死於瘧疾, 大部分是五歲以下的孩子, 90% 的病例都發生在撒哈拉以南非洲。 |
|
To this day:至今; under the age of:在年龄之下;16岁以下; occurring:n.事件;事故;事变;
|
| When I was 18, I left Cameroon in search of better educational opportunities. |
我十八歲時離開了喀麥隆, 去尋找更好的教育機會。 |
|
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
|
| At the time, there was just one university in Cameroon, but Nigeria next door offered some opportunities for Cameroonians of English instruction to be trained in various fields. |
那時,在喀麥隆只有一所大學, 但鄰國奈及利亞, 給受過英語教育的喀麥隆人 提供接受不同領域訓練的機會。 |
| So I moved there, but practicing my trade, upon graduation as an ecologist in Nigeria, was an even bigger challenge. |
所以我去了那裡。 但畢業之後,在奈及利亞 以生態學家的身份從事我的行業 卻是更大的挑戰。 |
|
ecologist:n.生态学者;
|
| So I left the continent when I was offered a scholarship to Boston University for my PhD. |
所以當波士頓大學 提供博士學位的獎學金時, |
|
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的; scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就; Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市);
|
| It is disheartening to see that, with all our challenges, with all the talents, with all the skills we have in Africa as a continent, we tend to solve our problems |
讓人沮喪的是, 在面臨艱巨挑戰時, 儘管我們非洲大陸有人才、有技術。 但在解決自己的問題時, |
|
disheartening:adj.令人灰心的;令人气馁的;
|
| by parachuting in experts from the West for short stays, exporting the best and brightest out of Africa, and treating Africa as a continent in perpetual need of handouts . |
我們卻傾向用空降到非洲 做短期停留的西方專家, 而把非洲最好、最聰明的人才 出口到其他國家, 然後把非洲視為是一塊 永遠需要施捨的大陸。 |
|
parachuting:n.跳伞;v.跳伞;伞降;空投;(parachute的现在分词) exporting:v.出口;输出;传播,输出(思想或活动);(export的现在分词) treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) perpetual:adj.永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的; handouts:n.讲义;宣传册子,宣传品(handout的复数形式);
|
| After my training at Boston University, |
我在波士頓大學畢業之後, |
| I joined a research team at the University of California's Institute of the Environment and Sustainability because of its reputation for groundbreaking research and the development of policies and programs |
我加入的研究團隊隸屬於 加州大學環境及永續研究所。 因為它在開創性研究 以及政策和專案的開發上享有盛名, |
|
Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院; Sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性; groundbreaking:adj.开创性的;创新的;革新的 policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
|
| that save the lives of millions of people the world over, including in the developing world. |
並拯救了全世界數百萬的人, 包括發展中國家。 |
| And it has been shown that for every skilled African that returns home, nine new jobs are created in the formal and informal sectors . |
目前已知的是, 每當一個有技能的非洲人返鄉, 平均就會創造出 九個正式和非正式的工作。 |
|
skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的; sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形;
|
| So as part of our program, therefore, to build a sustainable Africa together, we are leading a multi-initiative to develop the Congo Basin Institute, a permanent base |
因此,我們專案的一部分 是要建立一個永續的非洲, 我們發起了一個多重計畫, 要開發剛果盆地學院, 它是個永久的基地。 |
|
Basin:n.水池;流域;盆地;盆; permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
|
| where Africans can work in partnership with international researchers, but working out their own solutions to their own problems. |
非洲人可在這裡和國際研究者合作 自行解決本地的問題。 |
|
work in partnership with:与…合作;
|
| We are using our interdisciplinary approach to show how universities, |
我們用自己的跨學科方法 |
|
interdisciplinary:adj.各学科间的; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
|
| NGOs and private business can partner in international development. |
來展現大學、非政府組織 以及私人企業 如何共同進行國際開發。 |
| So instead of parachuting in experts from the West for short stays, we are building a permanent presence in Africa, a one-stop shop for logistics , housing and development of collaborative projects between Africans and international researchers. |
所以,與其讓來自西方的專家 空降之後短暫停留, 如今我們建立在非洲的會永久存在, 提供一站式服務,包括物流、住房, 以及非洲與國際學者的合作項目的發展。 |
|
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; one-stop:adj.一站式的;(美)能提供各种商品的; logistics:n.[军]后勤;后勤学;物流; collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的;
|
| So this has allowed students like Michel to receive high-quality training in Africa. |
這讓像米歇爾這樣的學生 能在非洲接受高品質的教育。 |
|
high-quality:adj.高质量的;
|
| Michel is currently working in our labs to investigate the effects of climate change on insects, for his PhD, and has already secured his post-doctorate fellowship that will enable him to stay on the continent. |
米歇爾目前在我們的實驗室工作, 探究氣候變遷對於昆蟲的影響, 這是他的博士論文, 且他已經得而了他的 博士後研究員資格, 讓他能夠繼續留在非洲大陸。 |
|
currently:adv.当前;一般地; labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数) investigate:v.调查;研究;审查; fellowship:n.友谊;奖学金;研究员职位; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行;
|
| Also through our local help program, |
此外,透過我們的當地協助計畫, |
| Dr. Gbenga Abiodun, a young Nigerian scientist, can work as a post-doctoral fellow with the Foundation for Professional Development in the University of Western Cape in South Africa and the University of California at the same time , |
班加艾比歐登博士, 一位年輕的奈及利亞科學家, 能夠以後博士研究員的身份, 為南非的西開普大學的 專業發展基金會工作, 同時也在加州大學研究, |
|
post-doctoral:adj.博士后的; Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; Professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; Cape:n.披肩;披风;短斗篷;地角; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
|
| investigating the effects of climate variability and change on malaria transmission in Africa. |
研究氣候變遷 對非洲瘧疾傳染的影響。 |
|
investigating:v.调查;研究;审查;(investigate的现在分词) variability:n.可变性,变化性;[生物][数]变异性; transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置;
|
| Indeed, Gbenga is currently developing models that will be used as an early warning system to predict malaria transmission in Africa. |
的確,班加目前正開發的模型 將被用來預警非洲的瘧疾傳染。 |
|
early warning:adj.预先警报的,预警的;远程警戒的; predict:v.预报;预言;预告;
|
| So rather than exporting our best and brightest out of Africa, we are nurturing and supporting local talent in Africa. |
所以,我們不再把非洲最好、 最聰明的人才出口到其他國家, 而是在非洲培養和支持當地的人才。 |
|
nurturing:v.养育;培养;扶持;支持;助长;(nurture的现在分词)
|
| For example, like me, |
以我為例, |
| Dr. Eric Fokam was trained in the US. |
艾瑞克佛康博士是在美國受教育的。 |
| He returned home to Cameroon, but couldn't secure the necessary grants , and he found it incredibly challenging to practice and learn the science he knew he could. |
他回到家鄉喀麥隆工作, 但卻缺少必要的科研資助。 他發現在這種情況下, 儘管自己有能力進行科研和學習, |
|
grants:n.补助金; v.[专利]授予; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
|
| So when I met Eric, he was on the verge of returning to the US. |
當我遇到艾瑞克時 他已經打算要回美國了。 |
|
on the verge of:濒临于;接近于;
|
| But we convinced him to start collaborating with the Congo Basin Institute. |
但我們說服他 與剛果盆地學院展開合作。 |
|
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词)
|
| Today, his lab in Buea has over half a dozen collaborative grants with researchers from the US and Europe supporting 14 graduate students, nine of them women, all carrying out groundbreaking research understanding biodiversity under climate change, human health and nutrition . |
現今他在布埃亞的實驗室 與美國和歐洲的研究者一起進行, 資助十四名研究生, 其中九名是女性。 他們全都在進行開創性的研究, 探究在氣候變遷下的生物多樣性、 人類健康,以及營養。 |
|
nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品;
|
| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |
| So rather than buy into the ideas of Africa taking handouts, we are using our interdisciplinary approach to empower Africans to find their own solutions. |
所以,不用再持有 非洲需要施捨的想法, 我們用我們的跨學科方法, 讓非洲人也有能力 找到自己的解決方案。 |
|
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够;
|
| Right now, we are working with local communities and students, a US entrepreneur , scientists from the US and Africa to find a way to sustainably grow ebony , the iconic African hardwood . |
現在,我們在和當地社區及學生、 一位美國企業家, 及來自美國和非洲的科學家合作, 試圖找出永續的方法來種植 黑檀木,非洲的代表性硬木。 |
|
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) entrepreneur:n.企业家;承包人;主办者; sustainably:adv.支撑得住;能保持住地; ebony:adj.乌木制的,黑檀木制的;似木的,黑檀木色的;n.乌木,黑檀; iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; hardwood:n.硬木,硬木材;[植][林]阔叶树;
|
| Ebonies , like most African hardwood, are exploited for timber , but we know very little about their ecology, what disperses them, how they survive in our forest 80 to 200 years. |
黑檀木和大部分的非洲硬木一樣, 被拿來當木材使用, 但我們不是很了解它們的生態特性。 它們是如何散播的, 以及它們如何在我們的森林中 生存 80 到 200 年。 |
|
Ebonies:adj.乌木制的,黑檀木制的;似木的,黑檀木色的;n.乌木,黑檀; exploited:v.剥削;压榨;运用;利用;发挥(exploit的过去分词和过去式) timber:n.木材;木料; disperses:vt.分散;使散开;传播;vi.分散;adj.分散的;
|
| This is Arvin, a young PhD student working in our labs, conducting what is turning out to be some cutting-edge tissue culture work. |
這位是雅文, 我們的實驗室一位年輕的博士生。 正在進行最先進的組織培養研究。 |
|
conducting:v.组织;安排;实施;指挥;引导;导游(conduct的现在分词) cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; tissue:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;
|
| Arvin is holding in her hands the first ebony tree that was produced entirely from tissues . |
在雅文手中的 是第一株完全從組織 培育出來的黑檀木。 |
|
tissues:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;(tissue的复数)
|
| This is unique in Africa. |
這在非洲是獨一無二的。 |
|
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
|
| We can now show that you can produce African timber from different plant tissues -- leaves, stems , roots -- in addition from generating them from seeds, which is a very difficult task. |
現在我們能夠從不同的植物組織 培育出非洲的樹木, 用葉、莖、根, 而不只是從種子來培育。 這是個非常艱難的任務。 |
|
stems:n.花草的茎或梗; v.阻止; (stem的第三人称单数和复数) generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词)
|
| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |
| So other students will take the varieties of ebony which Arvin identifies in our lab, graft them to produce saplings , and work with local communities to co-produce ebony |
其他的學生將用雅文在我們實驗室 所鑒定的黑檀木品種 接枝成樹苗, 並與當地社區合作 |
|
identifies:vt.[计]识别,认明;视为相同,鉴定;v.[计]识别,确定(identify的单三形式); graft:vi.移植; vt.移植; n.移植; n.(非正式)脚踏实地地埋头苦干; saplings:树苗;
|
| with local fruit tree species in their various farms using our own tree farm approach, whereby we invite all the farmers to choose their own tree species they want in their farms. |
生產黑檀木和當地種類的水果, 種在各地的農場裡, 我們藉此邀請所有的農夫, 選擇他們想種在自己農場的樹種。 |
|
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; whereby:adv.凭借;通过…;借以;与…一致;
|
| So in addition to the ebony, the species which the farmers choose themselves will be produced using our modern techniques and incorporated into their land-use systems, so that they start benefiting from these products while waiting for the ebony to mature . |
所以,除了黑檀木, 農夫們自己選擇樹種, 也能用我們的現代技術培育, 整合到他們的土地使用系統中, 這樣他們就能開始從這些產物獲利, 同時等候黑檀木成熟。 |
|
in addition to:除…之外; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) incorporated:adj.合并的; v.合并; land-use:土地利用; mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的;
|
| Today we are planting 15,000 ebony trees in Cameroon, and for the first time, ebony won't be harvested from the middle of a pristine forest. |
現今,我們在喀麥隆種植了 一萬五千株黑檀木。 這是頭一回 黑檀木不是從原始森林中取得的。 |
|
pristine:adj.原始的,古时的;纯朴的;
|
| This is the model for our African hardwoods , and we are extending this to include sapele and bubinga , other highly prized hardwoods. |
這是為我們的 非洲硬木所做的模型, 我們延伸模型, 這些都是高價格的硬木。 |
|
hardwoods:n.硬木,硬木材;[植][林]阔叶树; extending:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;(extend的现在分词) bubinga:n.非洲红木;古夷苏木; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地;
|
| So if these examples existed when I was 18, |
如果我十八歲時已有這些例子, |
| I would never have left, but because of initiatives by the Congo Basin Institute, |
我就不會離開非洲了, 但因為剛果盆地學院的計畫, |
|
initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始;
|
| I am coming back, but I'm not coming back alone. |
我回來了。 但我並非獨自歸來, |
| I'm bringing with me Western scientists, entrepreneurs and students, the best science from the best universities in the world, to work and to live in Africa. |
我還帶著西方的科學家、 企業家和學生, 以及世界頂尖大學的頂尖科研成果, 來非洲工作和居住。 |
|
entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数)
|
| But we all need to scale up this local, powerful and empowering approach. |
我們得再發揚光大 這本土、強大又賦能的方法。 |
|
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
|
| So far we have half a dozen universities and NGOs as partners. |
目前,我們的合作夥伴包括 六間大學和非政府組織。 |
| We are planning to build a green facility that will expand on our existing laboratory space and add more housing and conference facilities to promote a long-term disciplinary approach. |
我們打算要建立一間綠色機構, 從我們既有的實驗室空間來擴充, 再加上更多的住房以及會議設施, 來推動長期的學科研究。 |
|
facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资; expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) promote:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
|
| I want it to offer more opportunities to young African scholars, and would scale it up by leveraging the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's existing network of 17 research stations across sub-Saharan Africa. |
我希望它能給年輕非洲學者 提供更多機會, 並通過在撒哈拉以南非洲 擁有十七個研究站的 國際熱帶農業研究所的 既存網路擴大規模。 |
|
leveraging:v.利用贷款进行投机;(leverage的现在分词) Tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的;
|
| The tables are starting to turn ... |
形勢開始被翻轉了, |
| and I hope they keep turning, to reach several African nations like C?te d'Ivoire, Tanzania and Senegal, among the top fastest growing economies that can attract several opportunities for private-sector investment . |
我希望能繼續翻轉下去。 希望能延伸到數個非洲國家, 像是象牙海岸、 坦尚尼亞,與塞內加爾, 這些都是最快速成長的經濟體, 能吸引不少私營部門投資的機會。 |
|
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
|
| We want to give more opportunities to African scholars, and I long to see a day when the most intelligent Africans will stay on this continent and receive high-quality education |
我們希望能給非洲學者更多機會, 我渴望能看見有一天 最聰明的非洲人會待在這塊大陸上, 並能透過像剛果盆地學院這類計畫, |
|
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
|
| through initiatives like the Congo Basin Institute, and when that happens, |
接受到高品質的教育, 當這點能夠實現時, |
| Africa will be on the way to solving Africa's problems. |
非洲將會朝向解決非洲 自身問題的方向邁進。 |
| And in 50 years, I hope someone will be giving a TED Talk on how to stop the brain drain of Westerners leaving your homes to work and live in Africa. |
我希望五十年後 會有人來 TED 演講, 談如何阻止西方人 離開家鄉的人才外流, 到非洲工作並居住。 |
|
brain drain:人才外流;智囊流失; Westerners:n.西方人(westerner的复数);
|
| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |
| Thank you. |
謝謝你們。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |