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KentLarson_2012X-_设计改变城市，创意成就舒适_
I thought I would start with a very brief history of cities. 我觉得我得从城市的历史 简单说起
Settlements typically began with people clustered around a well, and the size of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk with a pot of water on your head. 人们聚井而居 揭开了典型的定居生活 而这种定居的范围,也不过是你头顶着一盆水 所能走的距离罢了
Settlements:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点;(settlement的复数) typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; clustered:adj.成群的;成簇的;v.群聚;聚集;(cluster的过去式和过去分词) roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example, and you look down and you see these hundreds of little villages, they're all about a mile apart. 其实,假如你能从德国上空飞过 往下看,你会看到数以百计的小村庄 每个距离约一英里
You needed easy access to the fields. 这样你就到地里去就很方便了
And for hundreds, even thousands of years, the home was really the center of life. 几百几千年以来 家就是生活的中心
Life was very small for most people. 所以对大多数人来说,生活范围其实很小
It was the center of entertainment, of energy production, of work, the center of health care . 家是欢乐,动力 工作,和医疗的中心
health care:n.卫生保健;
That's where babies were born and people died. 在那里,也有生老病死
Then, with industrialization , everything started to become centralized . 之后工业化的兴起, 一切开始变得集中起来
industrialization:n.工业化; centralized:adj.集中的;中央集权的;v.集中(centralize的过去分词);
You had dirty factories that were moved to the outskirts of cities. 那些污浊不堪的工厂 都搬到了郊外
outskirts:n.郊区;市郊;(市镇的)边缘地带;(outskirt的复数)
Production was centralized in assembly plants. 产品也都被集中到装配厂
assembly:n.装配;集会,集合;
You had centralized energy production. 我们还把能源生产也集中起来
Learning took place in schools. Health care took place in hospitals. 学校是学习用的 医院是治病用的
And then you had networks that developed. 然后网络也发展起来了
You had water, sewer networks that allowed for this kind of unchecked expansion . 供水管网,污水管网也使得 不断的扩张成为了可能
sewer:n.下水道; vt.为…铺设污水管道; vi.清洗污水管; unchecked:adj.未经核对的;未加抑制的; expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大;
You had separated functions, increasingly . 慢慢地,我们把不同的职能给区分开来
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
You had rail networks that connected residential , industrial, commercial areas. You had auto networks. 铁路网连接到了住宅区 工业区和商业区,汽车交通网也建立起来了
residential:adj.住宅的;与居住有关的; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; auto:n.汽车;v.坐汽车;
In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car, build roads to everything, and give people a place to park when they get there. It was not a very functional model. 事实上,这个模式就是,给每人一辆车 把路给修起来,然后在人们停车的地方 弄个车库,其实这并不是一个行得通的模式
functional:adj.功能的;
And we still live in that world, and this is what we end up with. 但我们依旧生活在这样的环境下 所以这就是我们所得到的
So you have the sprawl of LA, the sprawl of Mexico City. 所以就有了洛杉矶的扩展区 墨西哥城的扩展区
sprawl:vi.蔓延; vt.懒散地伸开; n.蔓生;
You have these unbelievable new cities in China which you might call tower sprawl. 在中国匪夷所思般崛起了各种新城市 也可以称为“雨后春笋”
unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
They're all building cities on the model that we invented in the '50s and '60s, which is really obsolete , I would argue, and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities that are being planned all over the world. 他们都是基于我们在50年代或60年代发明的模式 在建城市,我觉得这样是跟不上时代的 而此时此刻,不计其数的城市 正在世界各地紧锣密鼓筹备兴建
obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃;
In China alone, 300 million people, some say 400 million people, will move to the city over the next 15 years. 单中国来说,3亿人口, 有的说4亿 将会在接下来的15年里搬迁到城市里
That means building the entire, the equivalent of the entire built infrastructure of the U.S. in 15 years. 这就等同于要美国 在15年内建造起整个国家基础设施
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Imagine that. 想象一下
And we should all care about this whether you live in cities or not. 我们都应该关注一下 不管你是否住在城里
Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth, 80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use, but at the same time it's where people want to be, increasingly. 城市主宰着90%的人口增长 全球80%的CO2,75%的能源消费 同时,也是人们向往的地方 这情况与日剧增
account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
More than half the people now in the world live in cities, and that will just continue to escalate . 现在世界上一半以上的人口住在城市里 而且还会不断增加
escalate:vi.逐步增强;逐步升高;vt.使逐步上升;
Cities are places of celebration, personal expression . 城市是人们庆祝和表现的地方
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that 〞 城市里有枕头大战的快闪族——
flash:n.闪光; v.闪光; adj.庞大的; mobs:n.人群; v.(鸟群或兽群)围攻; (mob的第三人称单数和复数) pillow:n.枕头;v.垫;枕于…;使…靠在;
I've been to a couple. They're quite fun. (Laughter) 我去过几次,还真有趣。（笑声）
You have 〞 (Laughs) 还有—— （笑声）
Cities are where most of the wealth is created, and particularly in the developing world, it's where women find opportunities. That's a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly. 城市是大部分财富的来源 尤其是在发展中国家 妇女也能拥有各种机遇,所以 有很多原因可以解释为何城市发展如此快速
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
Now there's some trends that will impact cities. 但某些趋势会影响到城市
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
First of all , work is becoming distributed and mobile . 首先,工作遵循分配模式而且不再一成不变
First of all:adv.首先; distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
The office building is basically obsolete for doing private work. 办公大楼基本淘汰了 私人的工作
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
The home, once again, because of distributed computation -- communication, is becoming a center of life, so it's a center of production and learning and shopping 由于有了分布式通信和分布式计算 家,再一次成为了生活的中心 家成为了生产,学习,购物,还有医疗
computation:n.估计,计算;
and health care and all of these things that we used to think of as taking place outside of the home. 还有那些我们认为 都是在家外发生的一切的中心
And increasingly, everything that people buy, every consumer product, in one way or another, can be personalized . 渐渐地,所有人们买的东西 所有的消费品,通过不同的方式 都能够实现个性化
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式)
And that's a very important trend to think about. 这是值得关注的一个重要趋势
So this is my image of the city of the future. 这就是我想象中的未来城市
(Laughter) （笑声）
In that it's a place for people, you know. 图中那里就是人们可以待的地方
Maybe not the way people dress, but -- 人们的衣着可能不会是这样,但
You know, the question now is, how can we have all the good things that we identify with cities without all the bad things? 要知道,现在的问题是,我们要如何 对于城市带给我们的产物 做到取其精华去其糟粕呢？
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours to get a few miles in Bangalore last year. 这儿是班加罗尔,在去年的时候 我花了好几小时才在班加罗尔移动了几英里
So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution and disease and all these negative things. 所以在城市里,有拥挤和污染 有疾病还有很多负面的东西
congestion:n.拥挤;拥塞;充血; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
How can we have the good stuff without the bad? 怎样取其精华去其糟粕呢？
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
So we went back and started looking at the great cities that evolved before the cars. 我们暂且回头看看那么比较不错的城市吧 在有了汽车之前的状态
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式)
Paris was a series of these little villages that came together, and you still see that structure today. 巴黎就是由好些小村庄 合并而成的,这种分布结构你今天还可以看得出来
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
The 20 arrondissements of Paris are these little neighborhoods. 巴黎的20个区 就像20个小邻居
Most of what people need in life can be within a five- or 10-minute walk. 大多数人们的生活所需 或许就在5到10分钟的步行范围里
And if you look at the data, when you have that kind of a structure, you get a very even distribution of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies and the cafes in Paris. 如果你去看那些数据,当你建立了 这种结构后,巴黎的商店 内科医生,药房,还有咖啡厅 都会很平均地分布在城市中
distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销; physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数); pharmacies:n.药房(pharmacy的复数);制药业;药剂学; cafes:n.咖啡馆(cafe的复数);
And then you look at cities that evolved after the automobile , and it's not that kind of a pattern. 之后你再看那些拥有了汽车后的城市 他们就完全不是这个模式了
automobile:n.汽车;v.开汽车;坐汽车;adj.自动的;
There's very little that's within a five minute walk of most areas of places like Pittsburgh . 像匹兹堡,大部分地方 很少再有几步之遥的生活了
Pittsburgh:n.匹兹堡(美国一座城市);
Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities really have evolved this way. 不单是匹兹堡,大部分美国的城市 都演变成这个样了
So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved in a couple of new city projects in China. 所以我们说,看看这些新城市 我们也要在中国弄几个新城市出来
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell. 那我们就从社区单元开始着手吧
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
We think of it as a compact urban cell. 我们觉得这是一种紧凑的城市单元
compact:n.合同,契约;小粉盒;adj.紧凑的,紧密的;简洁的;vt.使简洁;使紧密结合; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
So provide most of what most people want within that 20-minute walk. 这样大部分人就能在20分钟步程内 满足生活所需
This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid, community heating, power, communication networks, etc., can be concentrated there. 这也能成为一种有弹性的微电网 社区供热网,电力网,通讯网 等等,都能集中在那儿
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的; electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词)
Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor right in the center, probably. (Laughter) Stewart Brand很可能会在正中心 建一个原子核反应堆。（笑声）
Brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印; reactor:n.[化工]反应器;[核]反应堆;起反应的人;
And he might be right. 他或许是对的
And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network. 事实上,我们就能形成一个网状网络了
mesh:n.网格;网状物;陷阱;困境;圈套;v.(使)吻合,相配,匹配,适合;
It's something of an Internet typology pattern, so you can have a series of these neighborhoods. 这是一种类型学的互联网模式 所以我们有了这一系列的社区
typology:n.类型学;血型学;象征主义;象征论;
You can dial up the density -- about 20,000 people per cell if it's Cambridge . Go up to 50,000 if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything with mass transit and you provide most of wha t most p eople need within that neighborhood. 你可以了解到人口密度,如果在剑桥 大概就是每个社区2万人。如果是在曼哈顿 这个数字就是5万。我们把那些 大的中转点连接起来,这样单在社区里 就能满足很多人的需求了
density:n.密度; Cambridge:n.剑桥(英国城市);坎布里奇(美国马萨诸塞州城市);
You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through all of them. I'll just show one. 我们也能开创一个新的类型学 包含了街景和交通工具 我就不详讲,我就说一个方面
vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
This is Boulder . It's a great example of kind of a mobility parkway , a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists where you can go from one end of the city to the other 这里是博尔德,它的驾车专用道路 还有跑步者和自行车者的高速公路,是很有代表性的 你可以顺着它横穿整个城市
Boulder:n.卵石,大圆石;巨砾; mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; parkway:n.驾车专用道路;[建]公园道路; superhighway:n.(美)超级高速公路(等于expressway); joggers:慢跑者;[印刷]撞纸机(jogger的名词复数); bicyclists:n.骑脚踏车者;
without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing, which I'll get into in a minute. 不用过马路,而且他们也有公共自行车 能让我很快就适应进去
This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul , Korea. 在韩国首尔,还有个更有趣的解决方案
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; Seoul:n.[城]首尔;
They took the elevated highway , they got rid of it, they reclaimed the street, the river down below, below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul to the other without crossing a pathway for cars. 他们放弃了高架公路 重新回到街道上,还有街道下面的小河流 这样不用穿过马路 就能从首尔的一端到达另外一端
elevated highway:高架公路; reclaimed:adj.回收的,再生的;翻造的;v.回收利用;改造(reclaim的过去分词);开垦土地; pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径;
The Highline in Manhattan is very similar. 曼哈顿的高压线也是类似的情况
Highline:显着标题;高压线;高架的;
You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years. 在全世界,我们拥有这种迅速面世的单车道 我在曼哈顿住了15年
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) lanes:n.线路,跑道(lane复数形式);
I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed . 上几个周末我回去了一趟 给这些新建的漂亮的单车道拍了些照
fabulous:adj.难以置信的;传说的,寓言中的;极好的; installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式)
They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something like 42 percent of the trips within the city are by bicycle. It's mostly just because they have fantastic infrastructure there. 比起哥本哈根,仍有些差距 在哥本哈根,42%的路程都是在单车上的 很有可能是他们那里 有更好的基础设施
Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都); fantastic:奇异的,空想的
We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston . 在波士顿我们完全做了错误的事
Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市);
We -- the Big Dig -- (Laughter) 我们——那个大隧道——（笑声）
So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything other than cars. 我们是摆脱了高速公路,但我们也制造了交通岛 显然除了汽车,它还真的不适用于 其他的交通工具
traffic island:n.安全岛(供行人避让车辆);
Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking about, so we think we need an ecosystem of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit. 我们一直在思考迫在眉睫的流动性问题 我们觉得我们需要一个公交生态系统 他们可以将那些大的中转站给连接起来
on demand:请求即;按需;随选;随需应变; ecosystem:n.生态系统;
These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on. 这些是我们目前着手的一些交通工具
But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle, you can have at least four people use one vehicle, as opposed to one. 公共使用是关键,如果我们共用一辆车 那么相对一个人使用一辆车来说 这辆车的使用人数至少可以是四人
opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式)
We've been developing at the Media Lab this little city car that is optimized for shared use in cities. 我们在媒体实验室研发这种 城市小车,可以在城市充分共享使用
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; optimized:adj.最佳化的;尽量充分利用;
We got rid of all the useless things like engines and transmissions . We moved everything to the wheels, so you have the drive motor, the steering motor, the breaking all in the wheel . 我们摒弃了那些没什么用处的东西,像引擎 还有传动装置,我们把一切都搬到轮子上 所以车上的轮子就集成有驱动马达,转向电机 和刹车系统
transmissions:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置(transmission的复数) steering:n.(车辆等的)转向装置;v.驾驶;掌控方向盘;行驶;控制(steer的现在分词) wheel:车轮,转动
That left the chassis unencumbered , so you can do things like fold , so you can fold this little vehicle up to occupy a tiny little footprint . 这使得底盘灵活不收阻碍,所以你可以 进行底盘折叠,你可以把这辆小车折叠起来 使得占据的空间变得更小
chassis:n.底盘,底架; unencumbered:adj.没有阻碍的;没有负担的;不受妨碍的; fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕; occupy:v.占据,占领;居住;使忙碌; footprint:n.足迹;脚印;
This was a video that was on European television last week showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving this little vehicle, and when it's folded, it can spin . 这是上周在欧洲电视台上播放的一个视频 讲了西班牙的工业部长开着 这辆小车,而且当它折叠起来时,它还可以旋转
Minister:n.部长;大臣;牧师;vi.执行牧师职务;辅助或伺候某人; spin:v.旋转;纺纱;吐丝;纺线;n.头晕;(快速)旋转;常用于英式英语;晕头转向;
You don't need reverse . You don't need parallel parking. 无需退车,也无需平行泊车
reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的; parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等);
You just spin and go directly in. (Laughter) 你只要旋转一下,直接开进去就行了。（笑声）
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
So we've been working with a company to commercialize this. My PhD student Ryan Chin presented these early ideas two years ago at a TEDx conference . 所以我们已经在和一家公司合作 将它商业化。我的博士生Ryan Chin 两年前在TEDx的一个大会上提出了这个想法
commercialize:vt.使商业化;使商品化; Chin:n.下巴;颏;v.(口)用下巴夹住(提琴等);(单杠)引体向上使下巴高过横杠;谈话; conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
So what's interesting is, then if you begin to add new things to it, like autonomy , you get out of the car, you park at your destination, you pat it on the butt , it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself, and you can get something like seven times 更有趣的是,你会开始不断为它增加 新的东西,像自动化,你走出这部车 想要停在指定位置,你就拍下它的屁屁 它就自动进去停车,自己控制自己 而且一个传统的汽车的车位
autonomy:n.自治,自治权; butt:n.屁股;烟头;笑柄;靶垛;粗大的一端;v.以头抵撞;碰撞;
as many vehicles in a given area as conventional cars, and we think this is the future. Actually we could do this today. 你可以停放七辆这样的小车 我们觉得这就是未来,其实我们今天已经可以做到了
conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的;
It's not really a problem. 没什么大问题的
We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy and we get something like 28 times the land utilization with that kind of strategy . 我们能把共享使用和折叠还有自动化结合起来 而且我们的土地使用率可以提高28倍 只要按照这种方式（就会有可能）
utilization:n.利用,使用; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
One of our graduate students then says, well, how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians ? 我们的一个毕业生说,好吧 这个无人驾驶的车,怎样提防行人呢？
driverless:无人驾驶的; pedestrians:n.行人(pedestrian的复数);
You have nobody to make eye contact with. 没有司机看着它啊
contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
You don't know if it's going to run you over. 也不知道它是不是会把你碾过去
So he's developing strategies so the vehicle can communicate with pedestrians, so -- (Laughter) 所以他在研究怎样让这辆车 留心我们的行人,所以——（笑声）
strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
So the headlights are eyeballs , the pupils can dilate , we have directional audio , we can throw sound directly at people. 所以车头灯成了眼球,它的瞳孔会扩大的 我们有指导声频,所以可以在人们面前 直接发声
headlights:n.(车辆的)前灯,前灯的光束;(headlight的复数) eyeballs:n.[解剖]眼球(eyeball的复数); v.注视; dilate:vi.扩大;膨胀;详述;vt.使扩大;使膨胀; directional:adj.方向的;定向型的; audio:adj.声音的;录音的;
What I love about this project is he solved a problem that hasn't, that doesn't exist yet, so -- (Laughter) 我之所以钟情这个项目,是因为他解决了一个问题 而这个问题,甚至还未存在,所以——（笑声）
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（掌声）
We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes. 我们同时也觉得我们可以扩大范围到自行车道
democratize:vt.使民主化;使大众化;vi.民主化;大众化;
You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys in stretchy pants, you know. So -- (Laughter) 自行车道大多是都是穿着弹性裤的年轻人在用 所以,你懂的,所以——（笑声）
stretchy:adj.有弹性的;能伸展的;
We think we can develop a vehicle that operates on bike lanes, accessible to elderly and disabled, women in skirts, businesspeople , and address the issues of energy congestion, mobility, aging and obesity simultaneously . That's our challenge. 我们觉得我们可以发明一种能在自行车道行驶 的交通工具,老年人和残疾人 穿裙妇女,商业人士都可以用 同时针对能源消耗,流动性,老年化和肥胖症这些问题 那就是我们的挑战
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; businesspeople:商人; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) obesity:n.肥大,肥胖; simultaneously:adv.同时地;
This is an early design for this little three-wheel, it's an electronic bike. You have to pedal to operate it in a bike lane , but if you're an older person, that's a switch. If you're a healthy person, you might have to work really hard to go fast. 这是我们早期设计的小三轮车 它是电动自行车,你得踩踏板 它才会在自行车道上行驶,但如果你是个上了年纪的人 那儿有个开关。如果你是个身体健康的人, 你可能得踩得很费劲它才会很快
electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; pedal:v.踩踏板;骑车;n.踏板;脚蹬子;adj.脚的;脚踏的; bike lane:un.自行车专用道;
You can dial in 40 calories going into work and 500 going home, when you can take a shower. 骑着它去上班你可以消耗40卡路里 然后回家时消耗500卡路里,然后再洗个澡
calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数);
We hope to have that built this fall. 我们期待它在今年秋天可以面世
Housing is another area where we can really improve . 住房是我们能改善的另一个方面
improve:v.改进;改善;
Mayor Menino in Boston says lack of affordable housing for young people is one of the biggest problems the city faces. 波士顿的市长Menino说这个城市面临最大的问题的之一 就是缺乏可以让年轻人 负担得起的住房
Mayor:n.市长;镇长; affordable:adj.负担得起的;
Developers say, okay, we'll build little teeny apartments. 开发商说,好吧,那我们就来建造小型的公寓
Developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); teeny:adj.极小的;微小的;
People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny conventional apartment. 但人们说,我们其实不想住进这些狭小的 传统型公寓
So we're saying let's build a standardized chassis, much like our car. Let's bring advanced technology into the apartment, technology-enabled infill , give people the tools within this open-loft chassis 所以我们说,得建造标准的“底盘” 就像我们的车一样,让我们把高科技 引进公寓,比如那些科技辅助的填充料 在这个宽敞的阁楼“底架”内,让人们拿起工具
standardized:adj.标准的; v.使合乎标准; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; infill:vt.填实,填入;n.填充物,填实物;
to go through a process of defining what their needs and values and activities are, and then a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly of integrated infill components , furniture , and cabinetry , 自己动手去创造,去诠释他们的需求 价值观和行为,然后 会有一个对应的算法,对应整套独特的 填充物组件,家具,还有橱柜
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词) unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) components:n.部件;组件;成份(component复数); furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物; cabinetry:n.细工家俱;
that are personalized to that individual , and they give them the tools to go through the process and to refine it, and it's something like working with an architect , 而且是为个人量身定做的,让他们有机会 拿起工具完成整个过程并完善它 这就像和建筑师一起合作
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; refine:v.精炼;改进;改善;提纯; architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
where the dialogue starts when you give an alternative to a person to react to. 而对话的内容往往是关于 这里我想选择这么做
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us is when you can begin to have robotic walls, so your space can convert from exercise to a workplace , if you run a virtual company. 现在,住进去最好玩的事情 就是当你拥有了机器墙 这样就就能调整空间,不管是变成运动室还是工作室 只要你开了公司（一切就都有可能）
implementation:n.[计]实现;履行;安装启用; robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人; workplace:n.工作场所;车间; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认);
You have guests over, you have two guestrooms that are developed. 有客人拜访时,你就可以 扩展两间客房
You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement when you need it. Maybe that's most of the time. 当你需要的时候,你可以变出一间传统卧室 可能大部分时间都是这样
arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲;
You have a dinner party . The table folds out to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom, or maybe you want a dance studio . 当你有宴会时,桌子会翻折开来 在其他时间都是传统卧室里的空间里容纳下16个人 或者你想改造成舞蹈室也行
dinner party:晚宴; studio:n.工作室;[广播][电视]演播室;画室;电影制片厂;
I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas for a long time. What we need to do now, develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese people that would like to live in the city, and very comfortably. 我想,建筑师很长时间一直在思考这个问题 我们现在需要去做的 是开发一些东西,使得3亿中国人 能容纳进城市里 并且生活得安逸
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
We think we can make a very small apartment that functions as if it's twice as big by utilizing these strategies. I don't believe in smart homes. 我觉得我们能造出一套公寓出来 利用以上的那些策略,令房子的实际用途 可以达到它两倍大小的作用。我不信智能家居
utilizing:v.利用(utilize的ing形式);
That's sort of a bogus concept. 那是虚假的概念
bogus:adj.假的;伪造的;n.伪币;
I think you have to build dumb homes and put smart stuff in it. (Laughter) 我觉得应该建造愚笨家居 然后放些智能的东西进去。（笑声）
dumb:adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声音的;
And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself. 我们现在已经在研发机器墙的底架
You know, standardized platform with the motors and the battery when it operates, little solenoids that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power. 还有带着发动机和电池 的标准平台,还有可以固定在一个地方 收集低压电力的小螺丝管
platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位; solenoids:n.[电]螺线管(solenoid的复数);
We think this can all be standardized, and then people can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall, and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing 我们觉得这可以标准化 那样人们就可以个性化墙上的其他物品 就像那辆车一样,我们能完善各种
to be aware of human activity, so if there's a baby or a puppy in the way , you won't have a problem. (Laughter) 感应人类活动的传感装置,所以 哪怕有婴儿或小狗路中挡道,也不会出大乱子。（笑声）
puppy:n.小狗;幼犬;傲慢小子;自负无礼的青年 in the way:妨碍;挡道;
So the developers say, well this is great. Okay, so if we have a conventional building, we have a fixed envelope , maybe we can put in 14 units. 开发商说也觉得这样很不错,很赞同 所以如果我们有一栋传统的建筑 有一个固定的底线,那么我们可能可以放14个单位进去
envelope:n.信封,封皮;包膜;[天]包层;包迹;
If they function as if they're twice as big, we can get 28 units in. 如果他们能用起来像两倍的空间一样 那么我们就等于放进28个单位了
That means twice as much parking, though. 这就意味着有两倍的泊车空间
Parking's really expensive. It's about 70,000 dollars per space to build a conventional parking spot inside a building. 泊车真的是很贵的,在一栋建筑物里 建一个传统型的停车场,每个车位 大约要7万美金
So if you can have folding and autonomy, you can do that in one seventh of the space. 所以如果能折叠,也有自动化 那么你只需七分之一个停车位
That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car, just for the cost of the parking. 每辆车就只需花1万美金而已 就单停车这一项
You add shared use, and you can even go further. 如果加上共享使用,那么你行动范围就更大了
We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology through this process. There's a path to market for innovative companies to bring technology into the home. 我们能在这一个过程中加入各种高科技 创新型公司把科技融入家居中 这方面的市场也是行得通的
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens , we have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill, that understands where people are and what they're doing. 有这么个项目,我们正和西门子在合作 我们在所有的家具和填充物中加入传感器 能感知人们的位置和所做的事情
Siemens:n.[电]西门子(财富500强公司之一,总部所在地德国,主要经营电子电气); sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数);
Blue light is very efficient , so we have these tunable 24-bit LED lighting fixtures . 蓝光是很有效率的,所以我们做出了 可调节的24位LED灯固定装置
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; tunable:adj.[无线]可调谐的;可调音的;能合调的;能发出和声的; fixtures:n.固定装置(fixture的复数形式);卡具;固定附物,固定附着物;固定财产;
It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing, fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light , and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption , we think, over even conventional state-of-the-art lighting systems. 它能辨识人的位置,以及所做的事情 需要的时候就变为全光谱的白灯 并节省下30%到40%的能源消耗 我们觉得,这比传统的最新型照明系统 还要节能
recognizes:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的第三人称单数) spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; white light:n.白光; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; state-of-the-art:adj.最先进的;已经发展的;达到最高水准的;
This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors that are embedded in the furniture. 这里的数据是来自那些传感器的 就安装在家具里面
embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes. 我们不认为摄像机能在家里帮得上忙
We think these little wireless sensors are more effective . 我们觉得这些小型无线传感器更给力
wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
We think we can also personalize sunlight . 我们也可以将日光个性化
sunlight:n.日光;
That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways. 某种程度上,这算是一种终极的个性化了
ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; personalization:n.个性化;
So we, we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space, therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass on a hot day like today. 我们现在看到的就是连接镜的正面 它能往空中投射光束 这样就能在像今天一样热的天气里 遮蔽掉大部分的光线
articulating:v.清晰地发(音); adj.发音清晰的; facade:n.正面;表面;外观; shafts:n.[机]轴,杆; v.装杆; shade:n.阴凉处;色度;灯罩;背阴;v.给…遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把…涂暗;画阴影;
In this case, she picks up her phone, she can map food preparation at the kitchen island to a particular location of sunlight. An algorithm will keep it in that location as long as she's engaged in that activity. 在这个例子中,她拿起手机,在准备食物时 在岛式厨房上指定位置映射出阳光 会有一个算法能记住这个映射位置 只要她还在这个活动的过程中
location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位 as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; engaged in:从事于;忙于;
This can be combined with LED lighting as well. 这也能和LED照明结合起来
We think workplaces should be shared. 我们认为工作场所也应该共享
workplaces:n.[管理]工作场所(workplace的复数);
I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think. 我意思是,我觉得这真的就是未来的工作场所
This is Starbucks , you know. (Laughter) 其实,这是星巴克。（笑声）
Starbucks:n.星巴克(咖啡店名);
Maybe a third 〞 And you see everybody has their back to the wall and they have food and coffee down the way and they're in their own little personal bubble . 或许三分之一——你可以看到每个人 都背靠着墙,桌上有食物和咖啡 他们都融入到自己的小私人空间里
back to the wall:走投无路;背靠著墙;陷于困境; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration . 我们需要共享的空间进行互动和合作
interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌;
We're not doing a very good job with that. 这方面,我们做得不是很好
At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have shared desks. I've spent a lot of time in Finland at the design factory of Aalto University, where the they have a shared shop and shared Fablab, shared quiet spaces, electronics spaces, recreation places. 在剑桥创新中心 有能共享的桌子。我曾在芬兰阿尔托大学 的设计工厂待过很长时间 那儿有共享的商店和私人实验室 共享安静的环境 电子设备环境 休闲场地
Innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; recreation:n.娱乐;消遣;娱乐活动;游戏;
We think ultimately all of this stuff can come together, a new model for mobility, a new model for housing, a new model for how we live and work, a path to market for advanced technologies , but in the end the main thing we need to focus on are people. Cities are all about people. 我们相信这些最终都会结合在一起 成为新型的流动方式,新型的住宅方式 新型的生活工作方式 也为高科技市场打开门道 但最终我们需要关注的 是人类。城市和人类是分不开的
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
They're places for people. 他们是人类的住所
There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve the livability and creativity of cities like they've done in Melbourne with the laneways while at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy. 所以没有理由不去大力提升 城市的宜居性和创意性 就像在墨尔本的巷道一样 同时也大规模地降低了CO2排放量和能源使用量
dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; Melbourne:n.墨尔本(澳大利亚一座城市);
It's a global imperative . We have to get this right. 这个全球性问题迫在眉睫,刻不容缓
imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事;
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（掌声）