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KenGoldberg_2012X-_从机器人那里学来的做人的四课_
I know this is going to sound strange, but I think robots can inspire us to be better humans. 我知道这听起来很奇怪, 但我认为机器人可以启发我们 去做更好的人。
inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
See, I grew up in Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , the home of Bethlehem Steel. 我在宾夕法尼亚州的伯利恒长大, 那里是伯利恒钢铁之乡。
Bethlehem:n.伯利恒(耶稣降生地); Pennsylvania:n.宾夕法尼亚州(美国州名);
My father was an engineer, and when I was growing up, he would teach me how things worked. 我的父亲是一名工程师, 当我一天天长大,他教给我 事物是如何运行的。
We would build projects together, like model rockets and slot cars. 我们在一起做项目 比如火箭模型和插槽汽车。
slot:n.位置;狭槽;水沟;硬币投币口;v.跟踪;开槽于;
Here's the go-kart that we built together. 这里是我们一起做的卡丁车。
go-kart:n.竞赛用的微型单座汽车;
That's me behind the wheel , with my sister and my best friend at the time, and one day, he came home, when I was about 10 years old, and at the dinner table , he announced that for our next project, we were going to build a robot. 方向盘后面这个是我 还有我的妹妹和我当时最好的朋友, 一天, 他回家,那时我10 岁左右 在饭桌上,他宣布 下一个项目,我们打算做一个机器人。
wheel:车轮,转动 dinner table:n.餐桌;同一桌进餐;
A robot. 一个机器人。
Now, I was thrilled about this, because at school, there was a bully named Kevin, and he was picking on me because I was the only Jewish kid in class. 当时,我超级激动 因为在学校, 有名叫凯文的小霸王 老是欺负我 因为我是班里唯一的犹太孩子。
thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) bully:vt.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;n.仗势欺人者;adj.快活的;盛气凌人的; Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的;
So I couldn't wait to get started to work on this so I could introduce Kevin to my robot. (Laughter) 所以我迫不及待要开始着手做 这样我就可以让凯文认识认识我的机器人。（笑声）
(Robot noises) (机器人噪音）
But that wasn't the kind of robot my dad had in mind. 但这并不是的我爸爸想的那种机器人。
See, he owned a chromium plating company, and they had to move heavy steel parts between tanks of chemicals , and so he needed an industrial robot like this that could basically do the heavy lifting. 你看,他拥有一家镀铬公司 他们不得不得在 大量的化学品中搬运重钢部件 所以他需要像这样的工业机器人 基本上要能做托举的事。
chromium:n.[化学]铬(24号元素,符号Cr); chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
But my dad didn't get the kind of robot he wanted, either. 但我爸没得到他想要的那种机器人,
He and I worked on it for several years, but it was the 1970s, and the technology that was available to amateurs just wasn't there yet. 我和他研究了几年, 但当时是 1970 年代, 暂时还没有 提供给业余人士的技术
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; amateurs:n.业余爱好者;业余运动员;生手;外行;(amateur的复数)
So Dad continued to do this kind of work by hand, and a few years later, he was diagnosed with cancer . 所以爸爸继续手工做这种工作 几年以后, 他被诊断出患上癌症
diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
You see, what the robot we were trying to build was telling him was not about doing the heavy lifting. 你看,我们在试着做的机器人 正告诉他别做重型起重。
It was a warning about his exposure to the toxic chemicals. 这是向他发出别接触有毒化学品的警告。
exposure:n.暴露;显露;揭露;面临; toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的;
He didn't recognize that at the time, and he contracted leukemia , and he died at the age of 45. 他那时并没有意识到, 他还染上了白血病, 45 岁的时候去世了
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; contracted:adj.契约的; v.使收缩; leukemia:n.[内科][肿瘤]白血病;
I was devastated by this, and I never forgot the robot that he and I tried to build. 我被击溃了, 然而我永远不会忘了我们尝试做的机器人。
devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式)
When I was in college, I decided to study engineering , like him. 我在大学的时候,决定修读工程学,就像他一样。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
And I went to Carnegie Mellon, and I earned my PhD in robotics . 我去了卡耐基梅隆大学,取得了我的机器人技术博士学位。
robotics:n.机器人学;
I've been studying robots ever since. 从那时起我一直研究机器人。
So what I'd like to tell you about are four robot projects and how they've inspired me to be a better human. 所以我想告诉你们的是 四 个机器人项目 还有他们如何鼓舞我成为一个更好的人。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
By 1993, I was a young professor at USC, and I was just building up my own robotics lab, and this was the year that the World Wide Web came out. 1993 年,我是南加州大学的年轻教授 我刚建好我自己的机器人技术实验室, 这也是互联网出来的那一年,
World Wide Web:n.万维网;
And I remember my students were the ones who told me about it, and we would -- we were just amazed. 我记得我的学生就是那些 那些告诉我互联网的人 我们当时都十分惊叹。
We started playing with this, and that afternoon, we realized that we could use this new, universal interface to allow anyone in the world to operate the robot in our lab. 我们开始摆弄,那天下午, 我们意识到我们可以利用这个新的、 通用的接口 使得世界上任何人 都能操作在我们实验室的机器人。
universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接;
So, rather than have it fight or do industrial work, we decided to build a planter , put the robot into the center of it, and we called it the Telegarden. 于是,我们打算造播种机 而不是用机器人来打架或是投入工业 把它放进播种机中间, 我们管它叫Telegrarden。
planter:n.种植机,[农机]播种机;种植者;种植园主;耕作者;殖民者;
And we had put a camera in the gripper of the hand of the robot, and we wrote some special scripts and software so that anyone in the world could come in and by clicking on the screen they could move the robot around and visit the garden. 我们还放了一台相机在机器人把手的 抓手上,我们写了一些特殊的脚本 和软件,如此一来,世界上任何人都能进来 并通过在屏幕上单击 就可以移动机器人 还能参观花园。
gripper:n.夹子,钳子;抓器,抓爪; scripts:n.原稿,手稿(script的复数形式);
But we also allowed, set up some other software that lets you participate and help us water the garden remotely , and if you water it a few times, we'd give you your own seed to plant. 而且,我们同时还设置一些其他软件 允许你们参与和帮助我们在花园远程浇水 如果你多浇它几次, 我们就会给你些种子,自己来种。
participate:v.参加;参与; remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地;
Now, this was a project, an engineering project, and we published some papers on the design, the system design of it, but we also thought of it as an art installation . 这是一个项目,工程项目 我们发表了一些论文,关于它的设计, 系统的设计,但我们也把它看做 是一种艺术装置。
installation:n.安装;设施;设置;安装的设备(或机器);
It was invited, after the first year, by the Ars Electronica Museum in Austria to have it installed in their lobby , and I'm happy to say it remained online there, 24 hours a day, for almost nine years. 一年后,它被请到 奥地利的 Ars 电子乐博物馆里去 装在他们的大厅里, 我很高兴地说,将近九年 一天二十四小时,它依然在线运行。
Electronica:n.电子乐,电子音乐; Austria:n.奥地利;[国]奥地利;欧洲中南部内陆国家; installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式) lobby:n.大堂;门厅;民众接待厅;游说;v.游说(从政者或政府);
That robot was operated by more people than any other robot in history. 操纵这个机器人的人 比史上任何一个机器人都多
Now, one day, 有一天,
I got a call out of the blue from a student, who asked a very simple but profound question. 我突然接到一个意外的电话 一个学生打来的 问了一个非常简单但又深刻的问题。
out of the blue:突然地;意外地; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
He said, "Is the robot real?" 他说,“机器人是真的吗？”
Now, everyone else had assumed it was, and we knew it was because we were working with it. 所有人都觉得它是, 而我们知道,因为我们和它一同工作。
assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式)
But I knew what he meant, because it would be possible to take a bunch of pictures of flowers in a garden and then, basically, index them in a computer system such that it would appear that there was a real robot when there wasn't. 但我知道他的意思, 因为它将有可能拍一组花园里 花朵的图片,然后,基本上,把索引加到 在计算机系统里,这样就看起来 像是真有这么一个机器人,而实际上没有。
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; index:n.指标;指数;索引;指针;v.做索引;指出;编入索引中;
And the more I thought about it, I couldn't think of a good answer for how he could tell the difference. 我越是想到这个问题,我越是想不出 一个好答案,来告诉他个中区别
answer for:因…而受罚;对…负责;
This was right about the time that I was offered a position here at Berkeley, and when I got here, I looked up Hubert Dreyfus, who's a world-renowned professor of philosophy , and I talked with him about this, and he said, 那时有个恰巧的时机,我被提供一个职位, 在这里,加州大学柏克莱分校, 我来这里,我咨询了休伯特 · 福斯, 世界知名的哲学教授, 我和他谈到这一点,他说:
world-renowned:adj.世界知名的; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观;
'"This is one of the oldest and most central problems in philosophy. It goes back to the Skeptics , and up through Descartes . 这是哲学里最古老和最核心的问题之一 这要追溯到怀疑论者, 直到笛卡尔。
Skeptics:n.疑论者,怀疑主义者(skeptic的复数形式); Descartes:n.笛卡尔(法国哲学家,数学家);
It's the issue of epistemology , the study of how do we know that something is true." 这是认识论的问题, 是研究我们怎么知道什么是真的.
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; epistemology:n.认识论;
So he and I started working together, and we coined a new term: telepistemology, the study of knowledge at a distance . 所以我和他开始一起工作, 我们创造了一个新名词: telepistemology, 对知识的远程研究。
at a distance:在远处;有相当距离;
We invited leading artists, engineers, and philosophers to write essays about this, and the results, the results are collected in this book from MIT Press. 我们邀请了著名艺术家、 工程师、 还有哲学家,就此写论文 这些结果收录在麻省理工学院出版社出版的 这本书里。
philosophers:n.哲学家(philosopher的复数);
So thanks to this student who questioned what everyone else had assumed to be true, this project taught me an important lesson about life, which is to always question assumptions . 谢谢这位对人人都信以为真的东西, 提出质疑的学生 这个项目教给我人生重要的一课, 那就是总是质疑假设。
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数)
Now, the second project I'll tell you about grew out of the Telegarden. 现在,我要告诉你们第二个项目 是由Telegarden 培养起来的。
As it was operating, my students and I were very interested in how people were interacting with each other and what they were doing with the garden. 在它运行期间,我和我的学生都很感兴趣 人们直接如何彼此互动 他们在花园里做什么。
interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词)
So we started thinking, what if the robot could leave the garden and go out into some other interesting environment? 所以我们开始思考,如果机器人能离开 花园,出到其他一些 有趣的环境
what if:如果…怎么办?
Like, for example, what if it could go to a dinner party at the White House ? (Laughter) 比如,如果它走到白宫 去参加一个晚宴？（笑声）
dinner party:晚宴; White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿);
So, because we were interested more in the system design and the user interface than in the hardware , we decided that, rather than have a robot replace the human to go to the party, we'd have a human replace the robot. 于是,因为我们更感兴趣的是系统设计 以及用户界面而非硬件 我们决定,并非是要 机器人代替人去参加聚会, 我们会有人代替机器人去。
hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具;
We called it the Tele-Actor. 我们叫它远程演员。
We got a human, someone who's very outgoing and gregarious , and she was outfitted with a helmet with various equipment, cameras and microphones , and then a backpack with wireless Internet connection, 我们有这么一个人, 一个非常外向和合群的人, 给她配了头盔 还有各种设备、 摄像头和麦克风, 还有一个带无线网络连接的背包
gregarious:adj.社交的;群居的; outfitted:n.机构;用具;全套装备;vi.得到装备;vt.配备;供应; microphones:n.[电子]麦克风(microphone的复数); wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送;
and the idea was that she could go into a remote and interesting environment, and then over the Internet, people could experience what she was experiencing, so they could see what she was seeing, but then, more importantly, they could participate by interacting with each other 我们的想法是,她进到一个远程的 有趣的环境中,然后通过互联网, 人们可以经历她所经历的 他们可以看到她所看到的, 然后,更重要的是,他们能够通过彼此的互动 来参与其中
and coming up with ideas about what she should do next and where she should go, and then conveying those to the Tele-Actor. 并且想出她下一步该做什么 她该去哪里 然后把这些想法传输给远程演员。
conveying:v.表达,传递(思想、感情等);输送;(convey的现在分词)
So we got a chance to take the Tele-Actor to the Webby Awards in San Francisco, and that year, Sam Donaldson was the host. 于是我们得到一个机会让远程演员 去旧金山的威比奖现场 那一年,主持人是山姆 · 唐纳森。
Just before the curtain went up, I had about 30 seconds to explain to Mr. Donaldson what we were gonna do, and I said, "The Tele-Actor is going to be joining you on stage, and this is a new experimental project, and people are watching her on their screens, 在大幕升起之前,我只有大约 30 秒 向唐纳森先生解释,我们打算干嘛 我说:“远程演员 将会加入你,和你一同站在台上, 这是一个新的实验项目, 人们在他们的屏幕上看着她
experimental:adj.实验的;根据实验的;试验性的;
and she's got -- there's cameras involved and there's microphones and she's got an earbud in her ear, and people over the network are giving her advice about what to do next." 她有相机 有麦克风,在她的耳边,还有耳塞 网络上的人会给她建议 告诉她接下来做什么 。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) earbud:n.耳塞;
And he said, "Wait a second, that's what I do." (Laughter) 他说, 等一下, 这不是我干的事吗”（笑声）
So he loved the concept, and when the Tele-Actor walked onstage , she walked right up to him, and she gave him a big kiss right on the lips. (Laughter) 他爱这个理念, 当远程演员走上舞台的时候, 她径直走向他,给了他一个大大的吻 正好吻在嘴唇上。（笑声）
onstage:adj.台上的;台上演出的;adv.上台;上场;
We were totally surprised. 我们完全惊到了。
We had no idea that would happen. 我们根本不知道会发生这个。
And he was great. He just gave her a big hug in return, and it worked out great. 他很棒。他就回以她一个热烈的拥抱, 效果很好
But that night, as we were packing up, 但那天晚上,当我们在打包的时候,
I asked the Tele-Actor, how did the Tele-Directors decide that they would give a kiss to Sam Donaldson? 我问那个远程演员,远程导演们怎么会 决定他们要向 山姆·唐纳森献吻？
And she said they hadn't. 她说:他们没有
She said, when she was just about to walk on stage, the Tele-Directors were still trying to agree on what to do, and so she just walked on stage and did what felt most natural. (Laughter) 她说,当她刚要走上台时, 远程导演们仍在试图达成一致到底要做什么, 因此她刚刚走上舞台,就做了 感觉最自然的事。（笑声）
So, the success of the Tele-Actor that night was due to the fact that she was a wonderful actor. 这样,远程演员当夜的成功 归功于她是个很棒的演员。
She knew when to trust her instincts , and so that project taught me another lesson about life, which is that, when in doubt, improvise . (Laughter) 她知道何时该相信她的本能, 因此,这个项目教给我,人生的另一课 也就是,纠结时,即兴来。（笑声）
instincts:n.本能;天性;直觉;(instinct的复数) improvise:v.即兴创作;临时拼凑;临时做;
Now, the third project grew out of my experience when my father was in the hospital. 第三个项目是基于 我父亲在医院时,我的经验。
He was undergoing a treatment, chemotherapy treatments , and there's a related treatment called brachytherapy , where tiny, radioactive seeds are placed into the body to treat cancerous tumors . 他在接受治疗, 化疗,还有个相关的疗法 被称为近距离放疗,很小,放射性的籽 被放到身体里,来治疗癌性肿瘤。
undergoing:v.经历,经受(变化、不快的事等);(undergo的现在分词) chemotherapy:n.[临床]化学疗法; treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数) brachytherapy:n.[特医]短距离放射治疗;短程疗法; radioactive:adj.[核]放射性的;有辐射的; cancerous:adj.癌的;生癌的;像癌的; tumors:n.肿瘤(tumor的复数);
And the way it's done, as you can see here, is that surgeons insert needles into the body to deliver the seeds, and all this, all these needles are inserted in parallel , so it's very common that some of the needles penetrate sensitive organs , and as a result , the needles damage these organs , cause damage which leads to trauma and side effects. 做的方法,你可以看到,在这儿 外科医生将针插入身体 把籽送进去,这所有的一切, 所有这些针都并排插进去, 所以经常地,有些针 会穿透易受伤的器官,结果就是 这些针损伤了这些器官, 造成了伤害 造成了创伤和副作用。
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; surgeons:n.外科医生;(surgeon的复数) needles:n.针数,千针本;[印刷]折页顶针(needle复数形式); parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); penetrate:v.渗透;进入;穿过;看透; sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数); as a result:结果; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
So my students and I wondered, what if we could modify the system so that the needles could come in at different angles? 所以我和我的学生们想知道,如果我们可以 改进这个系统 那么,针能从不同的角度进去吗？
modify:vt.修改,修饰;更改;vi.修改;
So we simulated this, and we developed some optimization algorithms and we simulated this, and we were able to show that we are able to avoid the delicate organs and yet still achieve the coverage of the tumors with the radiation . 所以我们模拟了这个,开发了一些 优化算法。我们模拟的这个 能够表明我们是可以避开 脆弱的器官并且仍然能够实现对 肿瘤范围的辐射。
simulated:adj.假装的; v.假装; (simulate的过去式和过去分词) optimization:n.最佳化,最优化; delicate:adj.精致的,微妙的,脆弱的,熟练的,柔和的; coverage:n.覆盖,覆盖范围; radiation:n.辐射;放射线;放射疗法;
So now, we're working with doctors at UCSF and engineers at Johns Hopkins and we're building a robot that has a number of, it's a specialized design with different joints that can allow 我们正在和加州大学旧金山分校的医生 还有约翰 · 霍普金斯大学的工程师 一起制作一个具有很多的 专门的设计带着不同的接头的机器人,可以使得
specialized:adj.专业的; v.专门研究(或从事); (specialize的过去式和过去分词) joints:n.关节; v.接合,联合; (joint的第三人称单数和复数)
the needles to come in at an infinite variety of angles, and as you can see here, they can avoid delicate organs and still reach the targets they're aiming for. 针能从无限多个角度进来, 你还可以在这里看到,它们能避开脆弱的器官 且仍然触及它们所瞄准的目标。
infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化;
So, by questioning this assumption that all the needles have to be parallel, this project also taught me an important lesson: When in doubt -- 那么,通过质疑所有针都需要平行这种假设 这个项目还教给我 重要的一课: 当有疑问的时候 — —
When your path is blocked, pivot . 当前路受阻的时候,换个角度。
pivot:n.枢轴; vt.以…为中心旋转; vi.在枢轴上转动; adj.枢轴的;
And the last project also has to do with medical robotics. 最后一个项目也跟医疗机器人技术有关。
And this is something that's grown out of a system called the da Vinci surgical robot, and this is a commercially available device . 这是从一个叫做达芬奇手术机器人 的系统里产生的, 这是一个商业上可用的设备。
surgical:adj.外科的;外科手术的; commercially:adv.商业上;通商上; device:n.装置;策略;图案;
It's being used in over 2,000 hospitals around the world, and the idea is it allows the surgeon to operate comfortably in his own coordinate frame , but many of the subtasks in surgery are very routine and tedious , like suturing , and currently , all of these are performed 在世界各地,超过 2000 家医院正在使用它 它使外科医生 能在他自己舒服的地盘里手术 但许多手术中的子任务 是非常例行公事和又乏味的,比如缝合, 然而目前,所有这些都在外科医生特定的
coordinate:n.坐标; v.协调; adj.同等的; frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室; tedious:adj.沉闷的;冗长乏味的; suturing:v.缝合;(suture的现在分词) currently:adv.当前;一般地; performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式)
under the specific and immediate control of the surgeon, so the surgeon becomes fatigued over time. 实时的控制之下完成的。 因此,随着时间的推移,外科医生变得倦怠。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; fatigued:adj.身心交瘁; v.使疲乏;
And we've been wondering, what if we could program the robot to perform some of these subtasks, and thereby free the surgeons to focus on the more complicated parts of the surgery, 我们想知道, 我们是否能给机器人编程, 来让它执行这些子任务的一部分 从而把外科医生解放出来,去关注 手术更复杂的部分
thereby:adv.从而,因此;在那附近;在那方面; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
and also cut down on the time that the surgery would take if we could get the robot to do them a little bit faster? 同时还能省下外科手术所需的时间 如果我们让机器人做得快点的话
cut down on:削减,减少;
Now, it's hard to program a robot to do delicate things like this, but it turns out my colleague , Pieter Abbeel, who's here at Berkeley, has develeloped a new set of techniques for teaching robots from example. 给机器人编程做这样精细的事是很难的 不过我的同事,来自加州大学伯克利分校的 这儿的Pieter Abbeel,开发了 一套新的技术,用实例来教会机器人
colleague:n.同事,同僚; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
So he's gotten robots to fly helicopters, do incredibly interesting, beautiful acrobatics , by watching human experts fly them. 他已经教会机器人驾驶直升机, 通过看专业人士飞行 来做不可思议的、有趣的、美妙的特技。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; acrobatics:n.杂技;巧妙手法;
So we got one of these robots. 我们拿到这些机器人中的一个。
We started working with Pieter and his students, and we asked a surgeon to perform a task, and what we do is we, with the robot, so what we're doing is asking the robot, the surgeon to perform the task, and we record the motions of the robot. 我们开始和彼得还有他的学生们一起工作 我们请了一位外科医生来操作 一项任务。而我们做的就是和机器人一起 我们在做的就是让机器人, 进行外科医生的任务 然后我们记录机器人的动作。
So here's an example. I'll use a figure eight, tracing out a figure eight as an example. 这是一个例子。我要用数字8 用描出一个数字8作例子
tracing:n.描图;v.查出;找到;追踪;追究;描绘;记述;(trace的现在分词)
So here's what it looks like when the robot, this is what the robot's path looks like, those three examples. 这是机器人做的样子 这是机器人描出来的样子 这有三个例子。
Now, those are much better than what a novice like I could do, but they're still jerky and imprecise . 这些比新手做的好很多 比如我所做的。但他们仍是生涩且不精确。
novice:n.初学者,新手; jerky:adj.抽筋的;急动的;不平稳的;n.牛肉干; imprecise:adj.不精确的;不严密的;不确切的;
So we record all these examples, the data, and then we go through a sequence of steps. 所以我们记录所有这些例子,数据, 然后我们进行一系列步骤。
sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
First, we used a technique called dynamic time warping from speech recognition , and this allows us to temporally align all of the examples, and then we apply Kalman filtering , a technique from control theory, that allows us to statistically analyze all the noise and extract the desired trajectory that underlies them. 首先,我们使用一种从语音识别里来的 叫做动态时间规整的技术。这使我们 能暂时匹配的所有示例, 然后我们应用卡尔曼滤波, 一种来自控制论的技术,使我们 能够统计上分析所有的噪音 并提取所需的对应轨迹
dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; warping:n.翘曲;v.弯曲;曲解(warp的ing形式);adj.翘曲的; recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; temporally:现世地;暂时地; align:vt.使结盟;使成一行;匹配;vi.排列;排成一行; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; filtering:v.[化工]过滤,滤除(filter的ing形式); statistically:adv.统计地;统计学上; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹; trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道; underlies:vt.成为…的基础;位于…之下;
Now, so what we're doing is that we take those human demonstrations , they're all noisy and imperfect , and we extract from them an inferred task trajectory and control sequence for the robot. 我们在做的是考虑那些 人类的操作演示,它们都是嘈杂的、不完美的 我们提取出一个推断出的任务轨迹 以及控制机器人的程序
demonstrations:n.示范,展示(demonstration复数); imperfect:adj.有缺点的; n.未完成体; v.有瑕疵地; inferred:adj.推论的;推测出的;v.推测(infer的过去分词);
We then execute that on the robot, we observe what happens, then we adjust the controls using a sequence of techniques called iterative learning. 然后我们用机器人来执行, 我们观察会发生什么情况, 然后我们用一系列技术来调整控件 这叫做迭代学习。
execute:vt.实行;执行;处死; observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视; adjust:v.调整;调节;适应;习惯; iterative:adj.[数]迭代的;重复的,反复的;n.反复体;
Then what we do is, we increase the velocity a little bit. 接下来我们做的是,稍微提高速率。
velocity:n.[物]速度;
We observe the results, adjust the controls again, and observe what happens. 根据我们观察到的结果,再次调整控件 观察会发生什么情况。
And we go through this several rounds. 我们检查好几轮
And here's the result. 这是结果。
That's the inferred task trajectory, and here's the robot moving at the speed of the human. 这就是推断出的任务的轨迹, 这是以人类的速度运行的机器人。
Here's four times the speed of the human. 这是人类的速度的四倍。
Here's seven times. 这里是七倍。
And here's the robot operating at 10 times the speed of the human. 这是以人速十倍 运行的机器人
So we're able to get a robot to perform a delicate task, like a surgical subtask, at 10 times the speed of a human. 所以,我们要想能够让机器人来做精细的任务, 比如外科的子任务, 就要以人的速度十倍来进行。
So this project also, because of its involved practicing and learning, doing something over and over again , this project also has a lesson, which is, if you want to do something well, there's no substitute for practice, practice, practice. 所以这项目,也有,因其涉及的实践 与学习,反复做某些事 这个项目也教了一课,就是, 如果你想要做好什么事, 没有什么能替代实践、 实践、 实践。
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地; substitute:v.取代;(以…)代替;n.代用品;代替物;代替者;替补(运动员);
So these are four of the lessons that I've learned from robots over the years, and robotics, the field of robotics has gotten much better over time. 所以这些就是这么多年来 我从机器人那里学来的四课 机器人学,机器人技术领域随着时间的过去 已经进步很多
Nowadays, high school students can build robots like the industrial robot my dad and I tried to build. 如今,高中学生可以造机器人 像我爸爸和我尝试造的工业机器人
And now, I have a daughter, named Odessa . 现在,我有了一个女儿, 叫敖德萨。
Odessa:敖德萨(俄罗斯港市;美国德克萨斯州西部城市);
She's eight years old, and she likes robots, too. 她八岁 也喜欢的机器人
Maybe it runs in the family. (Laughter) 也许是在家里跑动的。（笑声）
I wish she could meet my dad. 我多希望她能够见到我爸爸。
And now I get to teach her how things work, and we get to build projects together, and I wonder what kind of lessons that she'll learn from them. 现在我要教她事物是如何工作的, 我们开始一起做项目,我不知道 她会向它们学到怎样的经验
Robots are the most human of our machines. 机器人是我们这些机械中 最像人的。
They can't solve all of the world's problems, but I think they have something important to teach us. 他们不能解决所有的世界问题, 但我认为他们有重要的事情要教我们。
I invite all of you to think about the innovations that you're interested in, the machines that you wish for, and think about what they might be telling you, because I have a hunch that many of our technological innovations, the devices we dream about, can inspire us to b e better humans. 我请大家来思考 你感兴趣的创新 你想要的机器 想想他们可能会告诉你什么, 因为我有一种预感 我们的很多技术革新, 我们梦想的装置 可以激励我们做更好的人类。
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; hunch:n.预感;大块;肉峰;v.耸肩;预感到;弯腰驼背;隆起; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（掌声）