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KellyRichmondPope_2017X-_举报者如何塑造历史_
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How many of us have ever seen something, thought that we should report it, but decided not to? |
我们有多少人当遇见一些事情时, 想着我们应该举报它,但最后决定不去做? |
And not that I need to see a show of hands, but I'm sure this has happened to someone in this room before. |
我不是要看到你们举手, 但是我确定这个房间的 某些人有过这种经历。 |
In fact, when this question was asked to a group of employees, 46 percent of them responded by saying that they had seen something and decided not to report it. |
事实上,当问到一些公司雇员这个问题时, 46%的人说到他们曾经 见过一些想要去举报的事情, 但最后决定没有去做。 |
responded:v.回答,回应;作出反应;响应;反应灵敏;(respond的过去式和过去分词)
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So if you raised your hand, or quietly raised your hand, don't feel bad, you're not alone. |
所以,如果你举起了手或者是悄悄地伸出手, 别感觉不好,这很正常。 |
This message of if you see something to say something is really all around us. |
下面这句话无处不在: “如果你看到了什么就说什么。” |
Even when driving down the highway, you see billboards like this, encouraging us to report crime without revealing ourselves. |
即使行驶在高速公路上, 你也能看到这样的广告牌: 鼓励我们匿名举报犯罪。 |
billboards:n.(大幅)广告牌;v.宣传;(billboard的第三人称单数和复数) revealing:adj.暴露的;发人深省的;v.揭示;露出;显示;展示;(reveal的现在分词)
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But I still feel like a lot of us are really uncomfortable coming forward in the name of the truth. |
但是我仍然认为我们许多人 当以真理的名义挺身而出时, 会感觉到不舒服。 |
in the name of:以…的名义;
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I'm an accounting professor, and I do fraud research. |
我是一位会计学教授,研究欺诈行为。 |
fraud:n.欺骗;骗子;诡计;
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And in my class, I encourage my students to come forward with information if they see it. |
在我的课上,我鼓励我的学生 如果他们看见了什么, 就应该大胆说出来。 |
Or in other words, encouraging my students to become whistle-blowers . |
换句话说,就是鼓励我的学生们成为举报者。 |
whistle-blowers:n.弊端揭发人;告密者(whistle-blower的复数);
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But if I'm being completely honest with myself, |
但是如果对我自己坦诚相待, |
I am really conflicted with this message that I'm sending to my students. |
我本人与传授给学生的思想却十分冲突。 |
conflicted:adj.因心理冲突而不知所措的;v.冲突,抵触;(conflict的过去分词和过去式)
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And here's why. |
下面来解释为什么。 |
Whistle-blowers are under attack. |
举报者正在受到伤害。 |
Headline after headline shows us this. |
一条条的头条新闻向我们展示了这一点。 |
Many people choose not to become whistle-blowers due to the fear of retaliation . |
很多人不愿成为举报者, 是因为怕被报复: |
retaliation:n.报复;反击;回敬;
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From demotions to death threats, to job loss -- perpetual job loss. |
从降级和死亡威胁, 再到失去工作—— 是永久的失业。 |
demotions:n.降级;降职;降等; perpetual:adj.永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的;
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Choosing to become a whistle-blower is an uphill battle. |
成为举报者是一项艰苦的战斗。 |
uphill:adj.上坡的,向上的;adv.向上地;往上坡;n.上升;登高;
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Their loyalty becomes into question. |
他们的忠诚受到质疑。 |
loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情;
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Their motives , their trustworthiness . |
还有他们的动机,诚信都是如此。 |
motives:n.动机;目的;运动(motive的复数);v.使有动机;促动(motive的三单形式); trustworthiness:n.可信赖;确实性;
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So how can I, as a professor who really cares about her students encourage them to become whistle-blowers, when I know how the world truly feels about them? |
那么既然作为一名 十分关心自己学生的教授, 在我知道这个世界真实看待他们眼光的时候, 我怎么还能鼓励他们去成为举报者呢? |
So, one day I was getting ready for my annual whistle-blower lecture with my students. |
有一天,我正在和我的学生们准备 一年一度的举报者演讲。 |
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫
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And I was working on an article for " Forbes ," |
当时我在阅读福布斯上面的一篇文章, |
Forbes:n.福布斯(美国著名财经杂志);福布斯(美国出版及媒体集团);福布斯(姓氏);
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entitled "Wells Fargo and Millennial Whistle-blowing . |
标题是:”富国银行和千禧一代的举报者, |
entitled:v.使享有权利;使符合资格;给…命名;(entitle的过去分词和过去式) Fargo:n.法戈(美国北达科他州东南部城市); Millennial:adj.一千年的;千禧年的; Whistle-blowing:n.告密;揭发内幕;
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What Do We Tell Them?" |
我们告诉他们什么了?“ |
And as I was working on this piece and reading about the case, |
当我正在研究这篇文章,阅读这个案例时, |
I became outraged . |
我变得十分愤怒。 |
outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的;v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词);
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And what made me angry was when I came to the fact and realized that the employees that tried to whistle-blow were actually fired. |
让我生气的原因是因为 当我了解全文的事实后, 我发现那个举报的员工 竟然被开除了。 |
And it really made me think about the message that I was sharing with my students. |
这让我深刻反思 我向我的学生们教授的这个思想。 |
And it made me think: What if my students had been Wells Fargo employees? |
我反思道:如果我的学生就是 那个被开除的富国银行的员工呢? |
What if:如果…怎么办?
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On the one hand , if they whistle-blew, they would have gotten fired. |
一方面,他们如果举报了,他们就会被开除。 |
On the one hand:一方面;
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But on the other hand , if they didn't report the frauds that they knew, the way current regulation is written, employees are held responsible if they knew something and didn't report it. |
但同时另一方面, 如果他们没有举报他们知道的欺诈行为, 就在以现行的监管体制下, 职员知道情况但不进行举报的, 将会承担相应的责任。 |
on the other hand:另一方面; frauds:[法]欺诈; regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
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So criminal prosecution is a real option . |
因此,刑事诉讼是真实存在的。 |
prosecution:n.起诉,检举;进行;经营; option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
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What's a person supposed to do with those type of odds ? |
当处在这样两难的境地时, 我们应该怎么做呢? |
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别;
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I of all people know the valuable contributions that whistle-blowers make. |
我和所有人都清楚 |
valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; contributions:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;(contribution的复数)
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In fact, most frauds are discovered by them. |
事实上,大多数欺诈行为都是被他们揭发的。 |
Forty two percent of frauds are discovered by a whistle-blower in comparison to other methods, like measurement review and external audit . |
相比其他揭露方式, 比如测量评估和外部审计等, 有42%的欺诈行为是由举报者揭露的。 |
comparison:n.比较;对比;相比; measurement:n.测量;度量;长度; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; audit:v.审计;[审计]查账;n.审计;[审计]查账;
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And when you think about some of the more classic or historical fraud cases, it always is around a whistle-blower. |
当你思考一些更加经典的 或者历史上的欺诈案例, 它始终会围绕着一名举报者展开。 |
classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的; historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的;
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Think Watergate -- discovered by a whistle-blower. |
想想水门事件——由举报者揭发。 |
Watergate:n.水门,水闸;水门事件;
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Think Enron -- discovered by a whistle-blower. |
想想安然丑闻——由举报者揭发。 |
And who can forget about Bernard Madoff, discovered by a whistle-blower? |
谁又能忘记伯纳德·麦道夫的 骗局正是被举报者揭发的? |
It takes a tremendous amount of courage to come forward in the name of the truth. |
以真相的名义站出来 需要非常大的勇气。 |
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的;
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But when we think about the term whistle-blower, we often think of some very descriptive words: rat, snake, traitor , tattletale , weasel . |
但当我们想想“举报者”这个词时, 我们总会想到一些非常具有描述性的词: 老鼠, 蛇, 背叛者, 告密者,黄鼠狼。 |
descriptive:adj.描写的,叙述的;描写性的; traitor:n.叛徒;卖国贼;背信弃义的人; tattletale:n.告密者;搬弄是非的人;闲谈者; weasel:vi.逃避;含糊其辞;n.鼬鼠;狡猾的人;
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And those are the nice words, the ones I can say from the stage. |
这些词是我在这里能说出最好的词了。 |
And so when I'm not in class, |
所以当我不在课堂上时, |
I go around the country and I interview white-collar felons , whistle-blowers and victims of fraud. |
我走遍全国各地采访那些白领欺诈犯、 举报者和受害者。 |
interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈; white-collar:adj.白领阶层的;脑力劳动者; felons:n.[法]重罪犯;瘭疽;恶棍;
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Because really I'm trying to understand what makes them tick and to bring those experiences back into the classroom. |
因为我很想明白是什么让他们如此作为, 并把吸取到的经验带到我的课堂上。 |
But it's my interviews with whistle-blowers that really stick with me. |
但真正吸引我的是我对举报者的采访。 |
interviews:n.面试; v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈);
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And they stick with me, because they make me question my own courage. |
他们真正的吸引了我, 因为他们让我质疑我自己的勇气。 |
When given the opportunity, would I actually speak up? |
当真的有说真话的机会时,我真的会说出来吗? |
And so, this is a couple stories that I want to share with you. |
接下来是我想与你们分享的一个故事。 |
This is Mary. |
这是玛丽。 |
Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case. |
玛丽·威廉汉姆是一名举报者, |
Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部); Chapel:n.小礼拜堂,小教堂;礼拜;adj.非国教的; academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者;
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And Mary was a learning specialist at the university, and she worked with students, primarily student athletes . |
玛丽是大学里的一位学术专员, 她主要的工作对象是学生运动员。 |
primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; athletes:n.运动员;身强体健的人(athlete的复数形式);
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And what she noticed, when she was working with students, is they were turning in term papers that seemed well beyond their reading levels. |
在她与学生们工作期间,她注意到: 他们交的学术论文水平, 貌似高于他们的阅读水平。 |
She started to ask a couple of questions and she found out that there was a database where the student athletes could retrieve papers and turn them in. |
她开始提出一系列问题, 然后发现有一个数据库, 这个数据库可以让学生运动员 获取论文并将它们上交。 |
retrieve:v.取回;索回;检索数据;挽回;找回;n.恢复;
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And then she found out that some of her colleagues were funneling students into fake classes, just to keep them eligible to play. |
她又发现她的一些同事将 她们的学生列入不存在的班级中, 只是为了让学生们们有资格参加比赛。 |
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); funneling:n.漏斗式;v.成漏斗形;汇集(funnel的现在分词); fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的; eligible:adj.合格的,合适的;符合条件的;有资格当选的;n.合格者;适任者;有资格者;
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Now, when Mary found this out, she was outraged. |
当玛丽发现了这件事情时,她愤怒了。 |
And so what she tried to do was go to her direct supervisor . |
所以她去向直属上司反映。 |
supervisor:n.监督人,[管理]管理人;检查员;
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But they didn't do anything. |
但他们什么都没有做。 |
And then Mary tried to go to some internal university administrators . |
然后玛丽试着去报告给大学的管理者, |
internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; administrators:n.[管理]管理员;完全程序(administrator的复数形式);
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And they didn't do anything. |
他们也没有做什么。 |
So, what happens when nobody listens? |
那么当没人听取意见时怎么办呢? |
You blog . |
博客。 |
blog:n.博客;部落格;网络日志;
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So Mary decided to develop a blog. |
所以玛丽决定建一个博客。 |
Her blog went viral within 24 hours, and she was contacted by a reporter. |
她的博客开始在24小时内传播开来, 然后有一个记者联系了她。 |
viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的; contacted:v.联系,联络(如用电话或信件)(contact的过去分词和过去式)
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Now, when she was contacted by this reporter, her identity was known. |
当她被这位记者联系到后, 她的身份就广为人知。 |
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
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She was exposed . |
她被曝光了。 |
exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式)
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And when she was exposed, she received a demotion, death threats, over collegiate sports. |
而当她被曝光后,她被降级, 在大学体育部工作时收到死亡威胁。 |
collegiate:adj.大学的;学院的;大学生的;
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Mary didn't do anything wrong. She didn't participate in the fraud. |
玛丽没有做错什么, 她并没有参与进这场欺诈。 |
participate:v.参加;参与;
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She really thought that she was giving voice to students that were voiceless . |
她真心认为自己是在为 那些沉默的学生们发言。 |
voiceless:adj.无声的;清音的;沉默的;
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But her loyalty was questioned. |
但她的忠诚,诚信和动机 |
Her trustworthiness and her motives. |
却遭到了质疑。 |
Now, whistle-blowing doesn't always have to end in demotions or death threats. |
如今,举报者不必总是以降职 或是死亡威胁作为结局。 |
Actually, in 2002, this was the cover of "Time" magazine, where we were actually honoring three brave whistle-blowers for their decision to come forward in the name of the truth. |
事实上,在2002时代杂志的封面上, 有3位我们引以为傲的举报者, 她们敢于以真相的名义站出来。 |
And when you look at the research, 22 percent of whistle-blowers actually report retaliation. |
再来看看研究数据, 22%的举报者都说受到了报复。 |
So there is a huge population of people that report and are not retaliated against and that gives me hope. |
所以还有很大一部分人揭露真相 但却没有受到报复的, 而这给了我希望。 |
retaliated:v.报复;反击;复仇;(retaliate的过去分词和过去式)
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So this is Kathe. |
这是凯瑟。 |
Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk from the city of Dixon. |
凯瑟·斯万森是一名迪克逊市的退休公务员。 |
And one day, Kathe was doing her job, just like she always did, and she stumbled upon a pretty interesting case. |
一天,她像往常一样做着她的工作, 偶然发现一个非常有趣的案例。 |
stumbled:v.绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走;蹒跚而行;(stumble的过去分词和过去式)
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See, Kathe was at the end of the month, and she was doing her treasures report for the city, and typically , her boss, Rita Crundwell, gave her a list of accounts and said, "Kathe, call the bank and get these specific accounts." |
当时正是月底, 凯瑟在做城市的财务报告, 和平常一样,她的老板 瑞塔·克鲁德威给了她一列账户说道: “凯瑟,打电话给银行,获取这些账户。” |
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
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And Kathe did her job. |
凯瑟照做了。 |
But this particular day, |
但是这是特殊的一天。 |
Rita was out of town, and Kathe was busy. |
瑞塔出差了,凯瑟正忙。 |
She picks up the phone, she calls the bank and says, "Fax me all of the accounts." |
她拿起电话打给银行说: “用传真发我所有的账户。” |
And when she gets the fax, she sees that there is an account that has some withdrawals and deposits in it that she did not know about. |
当她收到传真后,她发现有一个账户 有着支出和存款记录, 但她不清楚那些记录。 |
withdrawals:n.[金融]提款,[法]撤回(withdrawal的复数形式);退股; deposits:n.[金融]存款; v.[地质]沉积(deposit的单三形式);
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It was an account controlled only by Rita. |
那是一个瑞塔私人的账户。 |
So Kathe looked at the information, she reported it to her direct supervisor, which was then-mayor Burke , and this led into a huge investigation, a six-month investigation. |
所以她看了下信息并报告给了直属上司, 当时的市长:布鲁克。 而这引出了大量的调查, 足足花了6个月时间。 |
Burke:vt.秘密地除去;使人窒息而死;
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Come to find out, Kathe's boss, Rita Crundwell, was embezzling money. |
最终发现,凯瑟的老板 瑞塔·克鲁德威当时是在挪用公款。 |
embezzling:v.盗用,挪用,贪污,侵吞(款项);(embezzle的现在分词)
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Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars over a 20-year period, and Kathe just happened to stumble upon it. |
瑞塔在职的20年间挪用了5300万美元, 而凯瑟偶然发现这件事情。 |
Kathe is a hero. |
她是一个英雄。 |
And actually, I had the opportunity of interviewing Kathe for my documentary, "All the Queen's Horses." |
我有幸采访到她, 以制作我的一部纪录片“女王所有的马”。 |
interviewing:v.对(某人)进行面试;(媒体)采访,访问;(interview的现在分词)
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And Kathe wasn't seeking fame. |
凯瑟并没有追求名誉。 |
seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词)
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In fact, she really didn't want to talk to me for a really long time, but through strategic stalking, she ended up doing the interview. |
相反,她并不想和我聊很长时间, 但是通过我的战略迂回, 她还是完成了整个访谈。 |
strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的;
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(Laughter) |
(笑) |
But she was seeking fairness, not fame. |
但她追求的是公平,而非名誉。 |
And if it wasn't for Kathe, who's to say this fraud would have ever been discovered? |
如果不是凯瑟, 谁能知道这个骗局会不会被发现? |
So, remember that "Forbes" article I was talking about, that I was working on before my lecture? |
所以,记得之前谈到的我课前准备的 那篇福布斯杂志的文章吗? |
Well, I posted it and something really fantastic happened. |
我把它上传了然后一些奇妙的事情发生了。 |
fantastic:奇异的,空想的
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I started receiving emails from whistle-blowers all over the world. |
我开始收到来自全球各地举报者的邮件。 |
And as I was receiving these emails and responding back to them, there was a common theme in the message that I received, and this is what it was: they all said this, "I blew the whistle, people really hate me now. |
在我收到并回复邮件的过程中, 有一个主题始终存在于每一条信息, 就是: 他们全写到:”我捅破了骗局,人们现在都非常恨我。 |
responding:v.响应;作出反应;反应灵敏;(respond的现在分词)
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I got fired, but guess what? |
我被开除了,但猜怎么着? |
I would do it all over again if I could." |
只要有机会,我还是会去检举揭发。 |
And so as I kept reading this message, all these messages, |
所以当我在读所有的这些消息时, |
I wanted to think, what could I share with my students? |
我不禁想到,我有什么 能和我的学生们分享的吗? |
And so, I pulled it all together and this is what I learned. |
所以我把这些信息全部拼凑到一起, 得到了下面的结论。 |
It's important for us to cultivate hope. |
培育希望对我们来说是很重要的。 |
cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作;
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Whistle-blowers are hopeful. |
举报者是乐观有希望的。 |
Despite popular belief, they're not all disgruntled employees that have a beef with the company. |
尽管是在流行的观点下, 他们并非都是对公司心怀不满的员工。 |
Despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; disgruntled:adj.不满的;不高兴的;
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Their hopefulness really is what drives them to come forward. |
正是他们的乐观精神驱使他们站出来。 |
hopefulness:n.抱有希望;
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We also have to cultivate commitment . |
我们还应该培养奉献精神。 |
commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
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Whistle-blowers are committed . |
举报者是尽责的。 |
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
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And it's that passion to their organization that makes them want to come forward. |
正是他们对自身所在的组织充满激情, 他们才会想要站出来。 |
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
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Whistle-blowers are humble . |
举报者都很谦虚。 |
humble:adj.谦逊的; vt.使谦恭;
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Again, they're not seeking fame, but they are seeking fairness. |
再次强调,他们不是在追求名誉,而是公平。 |
And we need to continue to cultivate bravery . |
我们还要培养勇敢的精神。 |
bravery:n.勇敢;勇气;
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Whistle-blowers are brave. |
举报者们都很勇敢。 |
Often, they underestimated the impact whistle-blowing had on their family, but what they continue to comment on is how hard it is to withhold the truth. |
通常,他们低估了 举报对他们家庭的影响, 但是他们一直在谈论的是隐瞒真相有多难。 |
underestimated:v.低估;对…估计不足;轻视(underestimate的过去分词和过去式) impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; comment on:对…评论; withhold:v.保留;隐瞒;抑制;忍住;克制;
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With that, I want to leave you with one additional name: |
谈到这里,我想讲讲另一个人: |
additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
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Peter Buxtun. |
彼得·巴斯通。 |
Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old employee for the US Public Health Service . |
彼得·巴斯通27岁,是美国公共卫生服务的职员。 |
Health Service:n.公共医疗保健服务;
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And he was hired to interview people that had sexually transmitted diseases . |
他的工作是采访患有 性病的病人。 |
sexually:adv.性,性欲 transmitted:v.传送;输送;发射;播送;传播;传染;(transmit的过去分词和过去式) diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
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And through the course of his work, he noticed a clinical study that was going on within the organization. |
他在工作的过程中, 他注意到他的工作组织 正在进行一项临床研究。 |
clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的;
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And it was a study that was looking at the progression of untreated syphilis . |
这项研究主要是观察 未经治疗的梅毒病人的状况。 |
progression:n.前进;连续; untreated:adj.未经处理的;未经治疗的; syphilis:n.[性病]梅毒;
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And so, there were 600 African American males that were in this study. |
600名美国黑人男性 参加了这项研究。 |
African American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人);
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They were enticed into the study through being given free medical exams, burial insurance . |
他们加入这项研究后, 获得了免费的体检和葬礼保险。 |
enticed:v.诱使;引诱;(entice的过去分词和过去式) insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
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And so, what happened through the course of this study, is penicillin was discovered to help treat syphilis. |
这场研究帮助 发现了治疗梅毒的青霉素。 |
penicillin:n.盘尼西林(青霉素);
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And what Peter noticed was, the participants in this study were not given the penicillin to treat their syphilis. |
而彼得注意到的是, 参与这项研究的人并没有得到青霉素 以治疗他们自身的疾病。 |
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式);
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And the participants didn't know. |
而这些参与者们并不知道。 |
So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report and talk to his internal supervisors , but no one listened. |
所以和玛丽一样,彼得也试着 去报告给他的上司们, 但是没有人听。 |
supervisors:n.监察人(supervisor的复数);
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And so Peter thought this was completely unfair and he tried to report again, and finally talked to a reporter -- very similar to Mary. |
所以他觉得这完全不公平, 他又试着去报告这件事, 最终他报告给了一名记者—— 这和玛丽是否相似。 |
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
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And in 1972, this was the front page of the "New York Times": "Syphilis Victims in US Study Went Untreated for 40 Years." |
在1972年,这就是纽约时报的首页: “在美国的一项研究中 梅毒受害者长达40年未经治疗。“ |
front page:adj.(新闻等的)头版的;重要的;轰动的;vt.把…登在头版;
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This is known to us today as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment. |
这就是我们今天熟知的 塔斯基吉梅毒试验。 |
Tuskegee:n.塔斯基吉(美国一城市名);
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And Peter was the whistle-blower. |
而彼得就是其中的举报者。 |
What happened to the 600 men, you may wonder, the 600 original men? |
你可能会想知道那600参加实验的人发生了什么? |
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
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Twenty eight men died from syphilis. |
其中28人死于梅毒。 |
One hundred died from syphilis complications, forty wives were infected and 10 children were born with congenital syphilis. |
100多人死于梅毒并发症, 40位他们的妻子被感染了, 10名新生儿带有先天性梅毒。 |
infected:adj.带菌的; v.传染; (infect的过去分词和过去式) congenital:adj.先天的,天生的;天赋的;
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Who's to say what these numbers would be if it wasn't for the brave, courageous act of Peter? |
如果不是彼得充满勇气的行为, 谁能说出这些数字是什么呢? |
courageous:adj.有胆量的,勇敢的;
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We're all connected to Peter, actually. |
事实上,我们都和彼得有所关联。 |
If you know anybody that's in a clinical trial, the reason why we have informed consent today is because of Peter's courageous act. |
如果你知道一些加入临床研究的人, 而之所以我们如今知情 是因为彼得勇敢的行为。 |
informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成;
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So let me ask you a question. |
现在让我来问你们一个问题。 |
That original question, a variation of the original question. |
这个问题是一些原始问题的变形。 |
variation:n.变异;变体;变奏;变种;
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How many of us have ever used the term snitch , rat tattletale, snake, weasel, leak ? |
我们有多少人使用过以下术语: 告发者,老鼠, 告密者, 蛇, 黄鼠狼, 泄密。 |
snitch:n.告密者;告发者;v.(向家长、教师等)告发;告密;告状; leak:n.泄漏;渗漏;漏洞;裂缝;v.漏水;透露;使泄漏;传开;
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Anybody? |
有人吗? |
Before you get the urge to do that again, |
在你想要再这样做的冲动之前, |
I want you to think a little bit. |
我希望你能想一想。 |
It might be the Mary, the Peter, the Kathes of the world. |
你谈论的对象可能是玛丽, |
You might be the person that could shape history, or they could be the person that shapes yours. |
你可能就是那个改写历史的人, 或者他们可以成为那个改变你世界的人。 |
Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |