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KatrinaSpade_2016X-_死后请将我做成堆肥_
My name is Katrina Spade , and I grew up in a medical family where it was fairly normal to talk about death and dying at the dinner table . 我叫卡翠娜·史培德, 生长于医生世家, 一直以来在餐桌上谈论生死 是稀鬆平常的事。
Spade:n.铲;锹;(纸牌中的)黑桃;黑桃牌;v.拿铲子铲;拿铲刀切开;(方)同"spay"; fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; dinner table:n.餐桌;同一桌进餐;
But I didn't go into medicine like so many of my family members. 然而不像许多的家族成员, 我没进入医学院就读,
Instead, I went to architecture school to learn how to design. 而是去学建筑设计。
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
And while I was there,I began to be curious about what would happen to my physical body after I died. 在学习期间我开始好奇 我死后身体会被怎样处理？
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
What would my nearest and dearest do with me? 我最亲爱、最亲近的人 会如何处理我的遗体呢？
So if the existence and the fact of your own mortality doesn't get you down, the state of our current funerary practices will. 如果人活着、人寿有尽的事实 没使你们沮丧, 当今的殡葬方式会。
mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; funerary:adj.埋葬的;葬礼的;
Today, almost 50 percent of Americans choose conventional burial. 将近 50％ 的现代美国人 选择习用的埋葬方式。
conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的;
Conventional burial begins with embalming , where funeral staff drain bodily fluid and replace it with a mixture designed to preserve the corpse and give it a lifelike glow . 传统埋葬的第一步是防腐, 殡仪人员让体液排出来, 注入混合防腐剂 使尸体看起来栩栩如生。
embalming:v.对(尸体)进行防腐处理;(embalm的现在分词) funeral:n.葬礼;麻烦事;adj.丧葬的,出殡的; drain:v.排水;流干;喝光,耗尽;n.排水;下水道,排水管;消耗; bodily:adv.整体地;亲自地;以肉体形式;adj.身体的;肉体的; fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; mixture:n.混合;结合体;混合物;集合体; preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品; corpse:n.尸体; lifelike:adj.栩栩如生的;逼真的; glow:n.喜悦; v.发热;
Then, as you know, bodies are buried in a casket in a concrete-lined grave in a cemetery . 正如你们熟知的下一步, 把尸体放入棺材, 埋在墓园的混凝土墓穴里。
casket:n.棺材;骨灰盒;小箱;vt.把…装进小箱;入殓; grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记; cemetery:n.墓地;公墓;
All told, in US cemeteries , we bury enough metal to build a Golden Gate Bridge, enough wood to build 1,800 single family homes, and enough formaldehyde-laden embalming fluid to fill eight Olympic-size swimming pools. 总而言之,埋在美国墓园里的金属 足够我们建一座金门大桥, 木材够造一千八百户 独门独院的住宅, 用掉的甲醛防腐液 能填满八个奥运尺寸的游泳池。
cemeteries:n.墓地;[建]墓园;公共坟场(cemetery的复数形式); bury:v.埋葬;隐藏;
In addition, cemeteries all over the world are reaching capacity . 此外,全世界的墓地都接近饱和。
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
Turns out, it doesn't really make good business sense to sell someone a piece of land for eternity . 原来,贩售一块墓地作为永生之道 根本没商業道理。
eternity:n.来世,来生;不朽;永世;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Whose idea was that? 是谁的馊主意啊？
In some places, you can't buy a plot no matter how much money you have. 在某些地方,不管你有多少钱 都买不到一块墓地。
plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表);
As a result , cremation rates have risen fast. 因此,火葬的比例快速攀升。
As a result:结果; cremation:n.火葬;火化;
In 1950, if you suggested your grandmother be incinerated after she died, you'd probably be kicked from the family deathbed . 在 1950 年代如果建议祖母死后火葬, 可能会被赶出去。
incinerated:v.把…烧成灰烬;焚毁;(incinerate的过去分词和过去式) deathbed:n.临终之时;临死所卧之床;adj.临终时作的;
But today, almost half of Americans choose cremation, citing simpler,cheaper and more ecological as reasons. 但今天几乎半数的美国人选择火化, 列举的原因是简单、便宜 以及更为环保。
citing:v.提及(原因);列举;引用;传唤;(cite的现在分词) ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的;
I used to think that cremation was a sustainable form of disposition , but just think about it for a second. 我曾经认为火葬是种永续的处置方式; 但只要稍微想一想,
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; disposition:n.处置;[心理]性情;[军]部署;倾向;
Cremation destroys the potential we have to give back to the earth after we've died. 火化泯灭掉我们 死后回馈地球的可能性。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
It uses an energy-intensive process to turn bodies into ash, polluting the air and contributing to climate change. 使用密集能源把身体化成灰的过程 污染了空气,加剧气候的变迁。
energy-intensive:un.能源消耗量大的;能量密集的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词)
All told, cremations in the US emit a staggering 600 million pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere annually . 总而言之,美国每年火葬 所排放到大气层的二氧化碳 高达六亿磅之巨。
cremations:n.火葬;火化; emit:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等); staggering:adj.惊人的; v.蹒跚; (stagger的现在分词) carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; annually:adv.每年;一年一次;
The truly awful truth is that the very last thing that most of us will do on this earth is poison it. 真正可怕的真相是: 我们大多数人 在地球上做的最后一件事 是毒害地球。（长叹声）
It's like we've created, accepted and death-denied our way into a status quo that puts as much distance between ourselves and nature as is humanly possible. 就像是我们拼了命 争取到不死的特权, 使自己远离大自然。
status quo:n.现状;原来的状况; between ourselves:只限于咱们之间;秘密的; humanly:adv.以人力;像人地;在人力所能及的范围;
Our modern funerary practices are designed to stave off the natural processes that happen to a body after death. 现代设计的殡葬方式 避掉死后人体 会自然发生的分解过程。
stave:n.狭板;梯级;诗句;五线谱表;vt.延缓;击穿;凿孔于;压扁;vi.破碎;穿孔; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
In other words, they're meant to prevent us from decomposing . 换句话说,就是不让遗体分解。
decomposing:v.腐烂;(使)分解;(decompose的现在分词)
But the truth is that nature is really,really good at death. 但事实上 大自然对分解非常拿手。
We've all seen it. 我们都看到过,
When organic material dies in nature, microbes and bacteria break it down into nutrient-rich soil, completing the life cycle . 当有机体死在自然界里, 微生物和细菌 将其分解成富含营养的土壤, 完成生命的周期。
organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体; microbes:n.细菌,[微]微生物;微生物类(microbe的复数形式); bacteria:n.[微]细菌; nutrient-rich:营养的; life cycle:n.生命周期;寿命(产品等从开发到使用完毕的一段时间);
In nature, death creates life. 在自然界中,死亡创造生命。
Back in architecture school,I was thinking about all this, and I set out on a plan to redesign death care. 当我在学建筑时思考这一切, 开始重新设计殡葬的处理方式。
redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计;
Could I create a system that was beneficial to the earth and that used nature as a guide rather than something to be feared? 我能不能创建一套系统, 一套对地球有益, 以大自然为师,不畏惧大自然,
beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的;
Something that was gentle to the planet? 对地球友善的系统呢？
That planet, after all, supports our living bodies our whole lives. 到底地球维持着 我们的身体和生命啊。
And while I was mulling this all over over the drawing board , the phone rang. 正当我在绘图板上 酝酿这想法的时候, 电话铃响了。
mulling:v.长时间考虑;仔细考虑;(mull的现在分词) drawing board:n.绘画板;图画板;制图板;
It was my friend Kate. 是我的朋友凯特打来的。
She was like, "Hey, have you heard about the farmers who are composting whole cows?" 她说:「嘿,妳可曾听过 农民把整条牛做成堆肥呢？」
composting:n.堆肥化;堆制肥料;v.把…做成堆肥(compost的ing形式);
And I was like, "Mmmm." 我的反应是:「有意思。」
(Laughter) （笑声）
Turns out that farmers in agricultural institutions have been practicing something called livestock mortality composting for decades. 原来农業机构的农民 过去几十年来一直在推行 用死畜堆肥。
agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) livestock:n.家畜;牲畜;
Mortality composting is where you take an animal high in nitrogen and cover it with co-composting materials that are high in carbon. 死畜堆肥是把含氮量高的动物躯体, 用含碳量高的助腐物质覆盖起来。
nitrogen:n.氮;氮气;
It's an aerobic process,so it requires oxygen, and it requires plenty of moisture as well. 这是个有氧分解的过程,需要氧, 也需要足够的水分。
aerobic:adj.需氧的;增氧健身法的; moisture:n.水分;湿度;潮湿;降雨量;
In the most basic setup, a cow is covered with a few feet of wood chips , which are high in carbon, and left outside for nature,for breezes to provide oxygen and rain to provide moisture. 最基本的做法 是用厚达数英尺的木屑覆盖牛, 木屑的碳含量很高, 放置户外,让大自然的微风提供氧, 让雨水滋润。
chips:炸土豆条(chip的复数) breezes:n.[气象]微风(breeze的复数); v.吹微风(breeze的第三人称单数形式);
In about nine months, all that remains is a nutrient-rich compost. 大约九个月后, 剩下营养丰富的堆肥,
The flesh has been decomposed entirely,as have the bones. 肉身和骨头全被分解净尽。
flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖; decomposed:adj.已腐烂的,已分解的;
I know. 对。
(Laughter) （笑声）
So I would definitely call myself a decomposition nerd , but I am far, far from a scientist, and one way you can tell this is true is that I have often called the process of composting "magic." 确实我称自己是研究分解的书呆子, 根本不算是个科学家; 这显而易见, 因我常把堆肥的过程称为「魔术」。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; decomposition:n.分解,腐烂;变质; nerd:n.呆子;讨厌的人;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So basically , all we humans need to do is create the right environment for nature to do its job. 基本上,我们人类只需 营造一个让大自然 好好工作的环境即可。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
It's like the opposite of antibacterial soap. 这和杀菌药皂恰恰相反,
antibacterial:n.抗菌剂;抗菌药;adj.抗菌的;
Instead of fighting them, we welcome microbes and bacteria in with open arms. 它不抗菌, 而是张开双臂迎接微生物和细菌。
These tiny, amazing creatures break down molecules into smaller molecules and atoms , which are then incorporated into new molecules. 这些惊人的小生物 把分子分解成更小的分子和原子, 然后合併成新的分子。
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数) molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数); atoms:n.[物]原子(atom的复数); incorporated:adj.合并的; v.合并;
In other words, that cow is transformed . 换句话说,那头牛转型,
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
It's no longer a cow. 不再是头牛,
It's been cycled back into nature. 而是循环回到自然界。
See? Magic. 看到了吧？这就是魔术。（笑声）
You can probably imagine the light bulb that went off in my head after I received that phone call. 或许你能想像: 接到那通电话后我灵光一闪,
light bulb:n.灯泡;
I began designing a system based on the principles of livestock mortality composting that would take human beings and transform them into soil. 开始根据死畜堆肥的原理 设计能将人类遗体 转化为土壤的系统。《可扩展、复制,非营利的城市模式》
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
Fast-forward five years and the project has grown in ways I truly never could have imagined. 快转五年后, 计划的展开远超出我的想像。
Fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
We've created a scalable , replicable non-profit urban model based on the science of livestock mortality composting that turns human beings into soil. 我们根据死畜堆肥的原理 建立一个可扩展、可复制、 非营利、城市模式的系统, 把人类遗体转化为土壤。
scalable:adj.可攀登的;可去鳞的;可称量的; non-profit:adj.非营利的; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
We've partnered and collaborated with experts in soil science , decomposition, alternative death care, law and architecture. 我们合作的伙伴专精于土壤科学、 分解、其他可行的处理遗体方式、 法律和建筑。
collaborated:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的过去分词和过去式) soil science:n.土壤学(研究土壤结构或特性等); alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
We've raised funds from foundations and individuals in order to design a prototype of this system, and we've heard from tens of thousands of people all over the world who want this option to be available. 我们向基金会与个人募资 来建立系统的雏型; 世界各地有成千上万的人告诉我们 希望能够选用这种殡葬法。
funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数) individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态; option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
In the next few years, it's our goal to build the first full-scale human composting facility right in the city of Seattle . 接下来几年, 我们的目标是在西雅图市里 建立首座全面性的人类堆肥设施。
full-scale:adj.全面的;完全的;照原尺寸的; facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资; Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市);
(Applause) （掌声和欢呼声）
Imagine it, part public park, part funeral home, part memorial to the people we love, a place where we can reconnect with the cycles of nature and treat bodies with gentleness and respect. 想像一下, 兼具公园、 殡仪馆、 已逝亲人的纪念馆, 在这里重新连结生生不息的大自然, 并且于进行过程中尊重、 和善对待遗体。
memorial:adj.纪念的;悼念的;n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念品; reconnect:v.使再接合; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; gentleness:n.温顺;亲切;高贵;彬彬有礼;
The infrastructure is simple. 基础的设施很简单:
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Inside a vertical core , bodies and wood chips undergo accelerated natural decomposition,or composting, and are transformed into soil. 在垂直的主设施里 身体和木片自然加速分解和堆肥化, 转化为土壤。
vertical:n.垂直线;垂直位置;adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; undergo:vt.经历,经受;忍受; accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式)
When someone dies, their body is taken to a human composting facility. 死者的遗体被送往遗体堆肥设施,
After wrapping the deceased in a simple shroud , friends and family carry the body to the top of the core,which contains the natural decomposition system. 用简单的长袍包裹, 亲友护送遗体到 自然分解系统主设施的顶部
wrapping:n.包装材料;包装纸;v.包,裹(礼物等);用…包裹;(wrap的现在分词) deceased:adj.死去了的;已死的;n.死者; shroud:n.寿衣;覆盖物;船的横桅索;[电]护罩;vt.覆盖;包以尸衣;
During a laying in ceremony , they gently place the body into the core and cover it with wood chips. 举行下葬的仪式, 把遗体轻轻地垂入主设施, 以木屑覆盖。
ceremony:n.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪;客套,虚礼; gently:adv.轻轻地;温柔地;温和地;
This begins the gentle transformation from human to soil. 转变遗体为土壤的和缓过程开始了。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
Over the next few weeks, the body decomposes naturally . 人体在接下来的 几个星期里自然分解。
decomposes:分解; naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
Microbes and bacteria break down carbon, then protein , to create a new substance , a rich, earthy soil. 微生物和细菌先分解碳,再分解蛋白质, 创造新的物质, 也就是肥沃的土壤,
protein:n.蛋白质; substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品; earthy:adj.土的;土质的;朴实的;粗俗的;
This soil can then be used to grow new life. 这土壤能被用来孕育新的生命。
Eventually , you could be a lemon tree. 最后,你可能变成柠檬树。
Eventually:adv.最后,终于; lemon:n.蹩脚货;柠檬;青柠色;adj.浅黄色的;柠檬色的;
(Applause) （掌声和哨声）
Yeah, thank you. 是的,谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
Who's thinking about lemon meringue pie right now? 此刻谁想起柠檬蛋白派呢？
meringue:n.调合蛋白(蛋白拌糖打硬后置于饼或蛋糕上);
(Laughter) （笑声）
A lemon drop? 或者柠檬马丁尼？
Something stronger? 还是更烈一点的东西呢？
So in addition to housing the core, these buildings will function to support the grieving by providing space for memorial services and end-of-life planning. 除了分解遗体的主设施外, 这些建筑物还提供缅怀追思, 设置追悼会堂和规划寿终的空间。
in addition to:除…之外; grieving:v.悲伤,悲痛,伤心;使悲伤;使伤心;(grieve的现在分词)
The potential for repurposing is huge. 这有着巨大的再利用潜力。
repurposing:n.再利用;v.为…改变用途(repurpose的ing形式);
Old churches and industrial warehouses can be converted into places where we create soil and honor life. 旧的教堂和工業仓庫能转换成 孕育土壤和榮耀生命的场所。
industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; warehouses:n.仓库,货栈;货仓;(warehouse的名词复数) converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式);
We want to bring back the aspect of ritual that's been diluted over the past hundred years as cremation rates have risen and religious affiliation has declined . 我们想找回过去数百年间 因火葬率上升、宗教联系降低 而被稀释掉的仪式面。
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; ritual:n.仪式;惯例;礼制;adj.仪式的;例行的;礼节性的; diluted:v.稀释;冲淡;削弱;降低;(dilute的过去分词和过去式) religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; affiliation:n.友好关系;加入;联盟;从属关系; declined:v.减少;下降;衰弱;婉言拒绝;(decline的过去分词和过去式)
Our Seattle facility will function as a model for these places all over the world. 我们的西雅图设施 将成为世界各地的典范。
We've heard from communities in South Africa, Australia, the UK, Canada and beyond. 南非、澳大利亚、英国、 加拿大及其他各地都有社区联络我们。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
We're creating a design toolkit that will help others design and build facilities that will contain technical specifications and regulatory best practices. 我们正建立一个设计工具包 来幫助其他人建设, 里头将会有技术规格 和符合规范的最佳监管做法。
toolkit:n.工具包,工具箱; facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; specifications:n.规格;规范;明细单;说明书;(specification的复数) regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的;
We want to help individuals, organizations , and down the road , municipalities design and build facilities in their own cities. 我们不只要幫助个人和组织, 更进一步,还要幫助城市 设计和建造自己的设施。
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; down the road:只要沿着这条路;将来;在路上; municipalities:n.市民,自治市;市政公债;(municipality复数形式)
The idea is that every one of these places should look and feel completely different with the same system inside. 想法是:尽管内部的系统相同, 各地设施的外貌和感觉 应该完全不同;
They're really meant to be designed for the neighborhood in which they reside and the community which they serve. 这些设施的设计应该符合 所在、所服务的社区。
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的; reside:vi.住,居住;属于; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
The other idea is for supportive staff to be on hand to help families with the care and preparation of loved ones' bodies. 另一想法是:应有关怀员在场, 幫助遗族照顾和准备亲人的遗体。
supportive:adj.支持的;支援的;赞助的;
We're banishing practices that bewilder and disempower and creating a system that is beautiful and meaningful and transparent . 我们汰除困惑、乏力的旧做法, 建立美丽、有意义 而且透明的新方法。
banishing:v.放逐;流放;驱逐出境;赶走;(banish的现在分词) bewilder:vt.使迷惑,使不知所措; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的;
We believe that access to ecological death care is a human right . 我们坚信能选用符合生态的死亡护理 是天赋人权。
human right:n.人权;
OK, so you know the old saying, if you can compost a cow, you can compost a human? 好。古谚云: 如果能把牛做成堆肥, 就能把人做成堆肥？
(Laughter) （笑声）
Turns out, it's true. 原来,这话一点儿也没错。
Since 2014, we've been running a pilot project in the hills of North Carolina with the Forensic Anthropology Department at Western Carolina University. 自 2014 年起, 我们与西卡罗来纳大学的 法医人类学系 在北卡罗来纳州的山丘试行。
Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部); Forensic:adj.法院的;辩论的;适于法庭的; Anthropology:n.人类学;人类学家;
Six donor bodies have been covered in wood chips, oxygen provided by breezes, microbes and bacteria doing their jobs. 被木屑覆盖的六具捐赠大体, 有微风提供氧气, 有微生物和细菌做功。
donor:n.捐赠者;供者;赠送人;adj.捐献的;经人工授精出生的; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
This pilot program has allowed us to demonstrate that it's possible to harness the incredible power of natural decomposition to turn human bodies into soil, and we're working with other universities as well. 这个试行计划让我们证明了 利用不可思议的自然分解力量 把人体变成土壤是可行的。 我们也与其他的大学合作。
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; harness:vt.治理; n.马具; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
Soil scientists at Washington State University , the grad students, anyway, are working to compost teeth with amalgam fillings so that we can understand what happens to the mercury therein . 华盛顿州立大学的土壤科学家 和那里的研究生, 正在钻研汞齐 填补的牙齿做成的堆肥, 以了解堆肥后里头的汞会怎样。
State University:n.(美国)州立大学; grad:n.毕业生;校友; amalgam:n.[材]汞合金,[化工]汞齐;混合物; fillings:n.填料;馅料(filling的复数形式);充填料; mercury:n.[化]汞,水银;[天]水星;温度表;精神,元气; therein:adv.在其中;在那里;
Next up, we'll be beginning experiments to determine what happens to chemo drugs and pharmaceuticals during the composting process, and whether additional remediation will be needed. 我们下一步将做实验 以确认化疗药物 经堆肥过程后的结果, 决定是否需要增加补救步骤。
determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; chemo:n.化疗(等于chemotherapy);化学疗法; pharmaceuticals:n.药物(pharmaceutical的复数); additional:adj.附加的,额外的; remediation:n.补救;矫正;补习;
By the way , composting creates a great deal of heat, especially this particular type of composting. 顺便一提, 堆肥的程序产生大量的热, 尤其是这种堆肥类型。
By the way:顺便说一下; a great deal of:大量; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
One week after we began composting our fifth donor body, the temperature inside that mound of wood chips reached 158 degrees Fahrenheit . 在第五具大体开始分解后一个星期, 那木屑堆里面的温度 高达华氏 158 度。
mound:n.小丘;小山岗;一堆;许多;大量; Fahrenheit:adj.华氏的;华氏温度计的;n.华氏温度计;华氏温标;
Imagine harnessing that heat to create energy or comfort the grieving on a cold day. 想像驾驭这热能, 用在寒冬里抚慰、温暖悲伤的亲人。
harnessing:v.给(马等)装上挽具(harness的现在分词);治理,利用;
The death care revolution has begun. 死亡护理的革命已经开始了。
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
It's an exciting time to be alive. 这是个令生者振奋的时刻。（笑声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）