返回首页

KathrynBouskill_2018X-_步调快的世界，预料外的后果_
Do you ever wonder why we're surrounded with things that help us do everything faster and faster and faster? 你纳闷过吗？为什么生活中好多东西 幫助我们更快完成所有事情
Communicate faster, but also work faster, bank faster, travel faster, find a date faster, cook faster, clean faster and do all of it all at the same time ? 沟通得更快 工作得更快、领钱存钱更快 更快的旅行、更快的遇见心仪对象 花更少时间烹饪和清理 还要一心多用
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
How do you feel about cramming even more into every waking hour? 一睡醒,事情一塞再塞,大家作何感想？
cramming:v.把…塞进;塞满;(为应考)临时死记硬背;(cram的现在分词)
Well, to my generation of Americans, speed feels like a birthright . 我这一代美国人 觉得一生下来,便要追求速度
birthright:n.与生俱来的权利;长子继承权;
Sometimes I think our minimum speed is Mach 3. 有时我觉得,3 马赫是基本要求
minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的;
Anything less, and we fear losing our competitive edge. 再慢,与别人竞争的优势就没了
competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
But even my generation is starting to question whether we're the masters of speed or if speed is mastering us. 但连我这代都开始质疑 究竟是我们主宰速度 还是速度掌控了我们
I'm an anthropologist at the Rand Corporation , and while many anthropologists study ancient cultures, 我在兰德公司研究人类学 虽然很多人类学家研究古文化
Rand:n.兰特(南非的货币单位);边缘;垫皮,衬底(鞋后根与鞋底中间的); Corporation:n.法人;(大)公司;法人团体;市政委员会; anthropologists:[人类]人类学家;
I focus on modern day cultures and how we're adapting to all of this change happening in the world. 但我致力于研究现代文化 还有我们如何适应一切变动
adapting:v.使适应,使适合;适应;改编;改写;(adapt的现在分词)
Recently , I teamed up with an engineer, Seifu Chonde, to study speed. 最近我与 Seifu Chonde 合作 他是一位工程师,我们研究速度
Recently:adv.最近;新近; teamed up with:与…合作,与…协作;
We were interested both in how people are adapting to this age of acceleration and its security and policy implications . 我们对于人们如何适应不断加速的时代 还有加速造成的安全和政策隐忧,特别有兴趣
acceleration:n.加速,促进;[物]加速度; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数);
What could our world look like in 25 years if the current pace of change keeps accelerating ? 如果变化来得越来越快 我们的世界 25 年后会是什么样子？
accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的;
What would it mean for transportation , or learning, communication, manufacturing , weaponry or even natural selection ? 交通 学习、沟通 加工業、军备 甚至是天择又会是什么样子？
transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); weaponry:n.兵器,武器(总称); natural selection:n.自然选择;物竞天择;
Will a faster future make us more secure and productive ? 更快速的未来里 会更安全、更有生产力吗？
productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
Or will it make us more vulnerable ? 或我们只会更脆弱？
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
In our research, people accepted acceleration as inevitable , both the thrills and the lack of control. 我们的研究结果指出 人们无可避免步调变快 也会感到紧张、没法控制
inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; thrills:n.兴奋感; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的第三人称单数和复数)
They fear that if they were to slow down, they might run the risk of becoming obsolete . 他们害怕如果放慢脚步 便会面临风险,遭到淘汰
obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃;
They say they'd rather burn out than rust out. 他们宁愿筋疲力尽也不要赶不上时代
rust:n.锈;铁锈;v.(使)生锈;
Yet at the same time, they worry that speed could erode their cultural traditions and their sense of home. 但同时 人们也担心速度会让传统文化 和家的感觉流逝
erode:vt.腐蚀,侵蚀;vi.侵蚀;受腐蚀; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
But even people who are winning at the speed game admit to feeling a little uneasy . 即使赢了这个速度竞争 人们也不免感到忧虑
uneasy:adj.担心的;忧虑的;不安的;不稳定的;
They see acceleration as widening the gap between the haves , the jet-setters who are buzzing around, and the have-nots , who are left in the digital dust. 他们认为加快步调会扩大贫富差距 富人搭着噴射客机四处移动 但穷人 却迷失在数位沙漠之中
widening:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大;(widen的现在分词) gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; haves:n.富人;富国; buzzing:v.发出嗡嗡声;发出蜂鸣声;充满兴奋(或活动等);(buzz的现在分词) have-nots:n.穷国;贫民(等于thehavenots); digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
Yes, we have good reason to forecast that the future will be faster, but what I've come to realize is that speed is paradoxical , and like all good paradoxes , it teaches us about the human experience, as absurd and complex as it is. 我们预计未来步调会更加快速 这个推测很合理 但我却渐渐瞭解到 追求速度是个自相矛盾的行为 就像其他矛盾的事一样 让我们学到人类的经验 本就建立在唐突和复杂之上
forecast:n.预测;预报;v.预测;预报; paradoxical:adj.矛盾的;诡论的;似非而是的; paradoxes:n.[数]悖论(paradox的复数); absurd:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;n.荒诞;荒诞作品; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
The first paradox is that we love speed, and we're thrilled by its intensity . 第一个矛盾处:我们追求速度 也因此紧张兮兮
thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张;
But our prehistoric brains aren't really built for it, so we invent roller coasters and race cars and supersonic planes, but we get whiplash , carsick , jet-lagged . 但我们这史前时期 就成形的大脑却没作好准备 所以人类发明了云霄飞车 赛车和超音速飞机 自己却常拉伤颈部、晕车 为时差所苦
prehistoric:adj.史前的;陈旧的; roller:n.滚筒;滚柱;滚轴;碾轧机; coasters:n.杯垫;航海者(coaster复数); supersonic:adj.超音速的;超声波的;n.超音速;超声波; whiplash:n.鞭绳;鞭子的顶端;鞭打; carsick:adj.晕车的; jet-lagged:adj.有时差现象的;飞机晚点的;
We didn't evolve to multitask . 我们一心多用的能力并没进步
evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成; multitask:vt.使多任务化;n.[计]多任务;
Rather, we evolved to do one thing with incredible focus, like hunt -- not necessarily with great speed but with endurance for great distance. 反而愈加擅长极力专注完成一件事 例如打猎,不太用追求速度 但要能跑好一段距离
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; endurance:n.忍耐力;忍耐;持久;耐久;
But now there's a widening gap between our biology and our lifestyles , a mismatch between what our bodies are built for and what we're making them do. 现今,生理构造和生活方式 有了很大的差距 我们要自己的身体做不适合的事
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; lifestyles:n.生活方式(lifestyle的复数); mismatch:vt.使配错;n.错配;不协调;
It's a phenomenon my mentors have called "Stone Agers in the fast lane." 我的导师比拟这现象为 「叫史前人类开车上快车道」
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数); Agers:n.熟化器;蒸化器;调色装置;
(Laughter) （笑声）
A second paradox of speed is that it can be measured objectively . Right? 第二个矛盾处: 我们能客观量测速度,对吧？
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) objectively:adv.客观地;
Miles per hour, gigabytes per second. 时速、秒速
gigabytes:n.千兆字节(gigabyte的复数);十亿位元组;
But how speed feels, and whether we like it, is highly subjective . 但不同速度带来的感觉 还有我们对速度的偏好 都非常主观
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; subjective:adj.主观的;个人的;自觉的;
So we can document that the pace at which we are adopting new technologies is increasing. 很多资料告诉我们 人类要适应新科技越来越快
adopting:v.收养;领养;采用;表决采纳;(adopt的现在分词) technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
For example, it took 85 years from the introduction of the telephone to when the majority of Americans had phones at home. 举例来说,电话出现 85 年后 大部分美国人家里才都有电话
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
In contrast , it only took 13 years for most of us to have smartphones . 但智慧型手机只花了 13 年 大家便人手一机
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; smartphones:智能手机(smartphone的复数);
And how people act and react to speed varies by culture and among different people within the same culture. 人们对速度有不同反应 因文化而异也因人而不尽相同
react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应; varies:n.多重复合;v.使不同;改变;违背(vary的三单形式);
Interactions that could be seen as pleasantly brisk and convenient in some cultures could be seen as horribly rude in others. 有时,有些行为稀鬆平常又方便 但在其他文化 一样的事情却很没礼貌
Interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) pleasantly:adv.愉快地;和蔼地,亲切地;友好地; brisk:adj.敏锐的,活泼的,轻快的; vi.活跃起来; vt.使…活泼; convenient:adj.实用的;便利的;方便的; horribly:adv.可怕地;让人吃惊
I mean, you wouldn't go asking for a to-go cup at a Japanese tea ceremony so you could jet off to your next tourist stop. 就像是,参加日本茶道宴会时 大家不会还要求外带 才能快点到下个景点
tea ceremony:n.茶道(日本沏茶和饮茶的礼仪);
Would you? 你不会这样做吧？
A third paradox is that speed begets speed. 第三个矛盾处:速度是连锁反应
begets:vt.产生;招致;引起;当…的父亲;
The faster I respond , the more responses I get, the faster I have to respond again. 我越是快点回应,就越多人回应我 这样我又得更快回应
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
Having more communication and information at our fingertips at any given moment was supposed to make decision-making easier and more rational . 动动指尖就能沟通 或是查询资料 不论什么时候 应该要让我们更容易、更理性做决定
fingertips:n.指尖;(fingertip的复数) supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) decision-making:n.决策; rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的;
But that doesn't really seem to be happening. 但似乎事与愿违
Here's just one more paradox: 另外还有一个矛盾处
If all of these faster technologies were supposed to free us from drudgery , why do we all feel so pressed for time? 如果更快速的科技应当免去苦差事 为什么我们感到时间不足
drudgery:n.苦工,苦差事;
Why are we crashing our cars in record numbers, because we think we have to answer that text right away ? 为什么我们因为要即时回覆讯息 让车祸此起彼落发生
right away:立刻;
Shouldn't life in the fast lane feel a little more fun and a little less anxious? 生活在迅速如快车道的环境中 不是应该充满乐趣 而非焦虑吗？
life in the fast lane:快节奏的生活(尤指带来财富和成功的激情生活);
German speakers even have a word for this: "Eilkrankheit." 德语甚至为此造一字 「Eilkrankheit」
In English, that's "hurry sickness." 这个字的意思是「仓促不适感」
When we have to make fast decisions, autopilot brain kicks in, and we rely on our learned behaviors, our reflexes , our cognitive biases , to help us perceive and respond quickly. 当我们很快得做出决定 自控式的大脑开始运转 我们凭着学来的行为 反应、认知偏误 更快察觉事物、做出回应
make fast:拴紧,绑牢;把…打上结; autopilot:n.[航]自动驾驶仪(等于automaticpilot); rely:vi.依靠;信赖; reflexes:n.反应;条件反射;扑救反应(守门员);放射(reflex的复数形式); cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式); perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为;
Sometimes that saves our lives, right? 我们有时因此捡回小命,对吧？
Fight or flight. 正面迎击或逃之夭夭
But sometimes, it leads us astray in the long run . 但这样的机制长时间下来 我们有时无所适从
astray:adv.误入歧途地;迷途地;迷路;adj.迷路的;离开正道的;不对头的; in the long run:长远;终究;
Oftentimes , when our society has major failures, they're not technological failures. 很多时候,我们的社会出现严重纰漏 问题并非出自于科技
Oftentimes:adv.时常地; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
They're failures that happen when we made decisions too quickly on autopilot. 当大脑自控时,我们太快下决定 才出这些差错
We didn't do the creative or critical thinking required to connect the dots or weed out false information or make sense of complexity . 我们面临危急时,无法激荡出办法 把线索连起来 或是剔除错误讯息 或是意识到事情很复杂
creative:adj.创造性的; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; weed:v.除草;铲除;n.杂草,野草;菸草; make sense of:搞清…的意思; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
That kind of thinking can't be done fast. 这种决策急不来
That's slow thinking. 而是需要慢慢完成
Two psychologists , Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, started pointing this out back in 1974, and we're still struggling to do something with their insights . Daniel Kahneman 和 Amos Tversky 这两位心理学家 1974 年就提出这样的想法 但我们仍无法达到他们所言
psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数);
All of modern history can be thought of as one spurt of acceleration after another. 整段现代历史都可以视为一次次的加速
spurt:v.冲刺;喷出;迸发;n.冲刺;喷射;
It's as if we think if we just speed up enough, we can outrun our problems. 好像只要我们思考得快一些 所有的事都能迎刃而解
outrun:v.超过;跑得比…快;从…逃脱;
But we never do. 但我们力有未逮
We know this in our own lives, and policymakers know it, too. 我们从生活中领悟到这样的事实 政府决策者也知道这样的事情
policymakers:n.决策人;(policymaker的复数)
So now we're turning to artificial intelligence to help us make faster and smarter decisions to process this ever-expanding universe of data. 因此我们转而追求人工智慧 幫助我们做出更快、更完善的决定 处理不停扩张的巨量资讯
artificial intelligence:n.人工智能; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
But machines crunching data are no substitute for critical and sustained thinking by humans, whose Stone Age brains need a little time to let their impulses subside , to slow the mind and let the thoughts flow. 但机器再怎么分析数据 应付紧急状况或是长远思考 我们这石器时代成形的大脑 需要一些时间平静下来 放慢思考 让想法自由发展
crunching:v.(使)发出碎裂声;行进发出响声;(crunch的现在分词) substitute:v.取代;(以…)代替;n.代用品;代替物;代替者;替补(运动员); sustained:adj.持续的; v.维持; (sustain的过去分词和过去式) Stone Age:n.石器时代; impulses:n.[心理]冲动; v.推动(impulse的第三人称单数); subside:vi.平息;减弱;沉淀;坐下;
If you're starting to think that we should just hit the brakes, that won't always be the right solution . 如果你觉得我们该紧急煞车 这样做并非总是妥当
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
We all know that a train that's going too fast around a bend can derail , but Seifu, the engineer, taught me that a train that's going too slowly around a bend can also derail. 我们都知道火车跑得太快 转弯的时候会脱轨 但 Seifu,那位工程师 告诉我火车转弯太慢,也会脱轨
derail:v.(火车)使出轨;出轨;n.脱轨;[铁路]脱轨器;
So managing this spurt of acceleration starts with the understanding that we have more control over speed than we think we do, individually and as a society. 因此,要主宰速度,我们要先知道 我们其实比想像中更能掌控速度 不管是个人或是整个社会
individually:adv.个别地,单独地;
Sometimes, we'll need to engineer ourselves to go faster. 有时候,我们得想得更快、做得更急
We'll want to solve gridlock , speed up disaster relief for hurricane victims or use 3-D printing to produce what we need on the spot , just when we need it. 我们想要排解塞车车阵 或是加快救援风灾的脚步 或是用 3D 列印技术当场制作所需 只要我们需要,就可以做得到
gridlock:vi.交通阻塞;n.僵局;极端严重的全面交通壅塞; disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸; relief:n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕; hurricane:n.飓风,暴风; on the spot:adj.现场的;
Sometimes, though, we'll want to make our surroundings feel slower to engineer the crash out of the speedy experience. 我们有时候却想要让一切慢下来 处理急忙后的杂乱无章
surroundings:n.周围的环境;环境;(surrounding的复数) speedy:adj.快的;迅速的;敏捷的;
And it's OK not to be stimulated all the time. 偶尔逃离时间压力是不错的
stimulated:adj.受激的;v.刺激(stimulate的过去式和过去分词);
It's good for adults and for kids. 对成人有益 对小孩也是
Maybe it's boring , but it gives us time to reflect . 这样可能很无聊 但我们却有了时间深思
boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词) reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;
Slow time is not wasted time. 放慢脚步并非浪费时间
And we need to reconsider what it means to save time. 我们必须重新想想节省时间这个概念
Culture and rituals around the world build in slowness , because slowness helps us reinforce our shared values and connect. 全世界的文化和习惯都经过长时间淬炼 如此的平缓让我们 强化共同的理念和连结
slowness:n.缓慢;迟钝; reinforce:vt.加强,加固; vi.求援; n.加强;
And connection is a critical part of being human. 这种连接是人性重要的一部分
We need to master speed, and that means thinking carefully about the trade-offs of any given technology . 我们必须主宰速度 在使用任何科技的同时 必须仔细端详我们牺牲了什么
trade-offs:n.权衡(trade-off的复数);交易;物物交换; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Will it help you reclaim time that you can use to express your humanity ? 某项科技是否真的能节省时间 让你更有人性？
reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
Will it give you hurry sickness? Will it give other people hurry sickness? 还是你会感到「仓促不适感」？ 或是让周遭的人也为之所苦？
If you're lucky enough to decide the pace that you want to travel through life, it's a privilege . 如果你有幸能决定自己人生的步调 这是种特权
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
Use it. 请善加利用
You might decide that you need both to speed up and to create slow time: time to reflect, to percolate at your own pace; time to listen, to empathize , to rest your mind, to linger at the dinner table . 你可能决定有时加快脚步 有时放慢步调 用自己感到舒适的步调 来檢讨 沉淀 聆听 替别人着想 让心神歇息 在餐桌旁逗留
percolate:vi.过滤;渗出;浸透;vt.使渗出;使过滤;n.滤过液;渗出液; empathize:vt.移情;神会; linger:徘徊;继续存留;流连;逗留;持续看(或思考);苟延残喘; dinner table:n.餐桌;同一桌进餐;
So as we zoom into the future, let's consider setting the technologies of speed, the purpose of speed and our expectations of speed to a more human pace. 因此当我们投身未来 让我们决定科技的速度 决定加速的目的 还有建立对速度的实际期待 让我们活得更有人性
expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数)
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）