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KatharineHayhoe_2018W-_对抗气候变迁你能做的最重要的事：谈论它_
It was my first year as an atmospheric science professor at Texas Tech University. 那是我当大气科学教授的第一年, 地点是德州理工大学。
atmospheric:adj.大气的,大气层的;
We had just moved to Lubbock, Texas, which had recently been named the second most conservative city in the entire United States. 我们刚刚搬到德州拉伯克市, 这个地方最近才被列为 全美第二保守的城市。
recently:adv.最近;新近; conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
A colleague asked me to guest teach his undergraduate geology class. 有位同事请我去客座 他在大学部开的地质课,
colleague:n.同事,同僚; undergraduate:n.本科生; geology:n.地质学;地质情况;
I said, "Sure." 我说:「好啊！」
But when I showed up, the lecture hall was cavernous and dark. 可是我去上课的时候, 整座讲堂空空落落又黑又暗。
lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫 cavernous:adj.似巨穴的;洞穴状的;凹状的;瓮声的;
As I tracked the history of the carbon cycle through geologic time to present day , most of the students were slumped over, dozing or looking at their phones. 当我说明碳循环历史时, 从地质时间讲到现在, 大多数学生都无精打采、 打瞌睡或看他们的手机。
tracked:v.跟踪;追踪;(track的过去分词和过去式) carbon cycle:n.碳循环(指碳在自然环境中的形式变化过程); geologic:adj.地质的;地质学上的; present day:adj.现代的;当今的;现在的;现时的; slumped:adj.下跌的;倒下的;v.掉落(slump的过去分词形式); dozing:v.打瞌睡;打盹儿;小睡;(doze的现在分词)
I ended my talk with a hopeful request for any questions. 最后我结束讲课,
And one hand shot up right away . 马上就有一只手举起来。
right away:立刻;
I looked encouraging, he stood up, and in a loud voice, he said, "You're a democrat , aren't you?" 我大受鼓励,他站起来, 「你是民主党人,对吧？」
democrat:n.民主党人;民主主义者;民主政体论者;
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"No," I said, "I'm Canadian." 「不,」我说,「我是加拿大人。」
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （鼓掌）
That was my baptism by fire into what has now become a sad fact of life here in the United States and increasingly across Canada as well. 这是我第一次痛苦地经历到 目前正在美国成形的 一个悲哀的事实, 这在加拿大也逐渐成形。
baptism by fire:火的洗礼,一般指刚做某事时受到的严峻考验; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
The fact that the number one predictor of whether we agree that climate is changing, humans are responsible and the impacts are increasingly serious and even dangerous, 头号预测因子 即是看我们是否同意气候正在变迁、 人类要负责任, 及其冲击正逐渐变严重甚至危险,
predictor:n.[气象]预报器;预言者; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
has nothing to do with how much we know about science or even how smart we are, but simply where we fall on the political spectrum . 这个事实与我们对科学的了解, 甚至我们有多聪明一点关系都没有, 而是完全关乎于 我们在政治上选哪边站。
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
Does the thermometer give us a different answer depending on if we're liberal or conservative? 温度计会因为我们是 自由派还是保守派, 就给我们不同的读值吗？
thermometer:n.温度计;体温计;寒暑表; liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人;
Of course not. 当然不会。
But if that thermometer tells us that the planet is warming, that humans are responsible and that to fix this thing, we have to wean ourselves off fossil fuels as soon as possible -- well, some people would rather cut off their arm than give the government any further excuse to disrupt their comfortable lives and tell them what to do. 但是如果那个温度计告诉我们 地球正在暖化,人类需要负责, 而且要解决这件事, 我们必须尽快 戒断对石化燃料的依赖── 有些人宁可砍断自己的手臂, 也不要给政府任何更进一步的藉口 来搅乱他们舒适的生活, 并告诉他们应该怎么做。
wean:vt.使断奶;使断念;使放弃;n.(苏格兰)幼儿; fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的; as soon as:一…就; would rather:宁愿,宁可; disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱;adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的;
But saying, "Yes, it's a real problem, but I don't want to fix it," 但是说「是的, 这是一个真正的问题,
that makes us the bad guy, and nobody wants to be the bad guy. 让我们变成坏人。没有人想当坏人。
So instead, we use arguments like, "It's just a natural cycle." 所以我们就这么争论: 「这只是个自然的循环。」
'"It's the sun." 「这是太阳的关系。」
Or my favorite, "Those climate scientists are just in it for the money." 或是我最喜欢的一个: 「那些气候科学家只是为了要赚钱。」
(Laughter) （笑声）
I get that at least once a week. 我一星期至少会听到一次。
But these are just sciencey-sounding smoke screens, that are designed to hide the real reason for our objections , which have nothing to do with the science and everything to do with our ideology and our identity . 但是这些都是 似是而非的科学烟雾弹, 设计来隐藏我们反对的真正理由, 这个理由跟科学一点关系都没有, 而是跟我们的意识形态及身分有关。
objections:n.反对,异议(objection的复数形式);反对意见; have nothing to do with:与…无关; ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
So when we turn on the TV these days, it seems like pundit X is saying, "It's cold outside. Where is global warming now?" 所以这几天当我们打开电视, 都好像有某某名嘴在说: 「外面好冷。哪里有全球暖化？」
pundit:n.博学者;梵文学者; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖;
And politician Y is saying, "For every scientist who says this thing is real, 又有某某政治人物说: 「你每找出一个科学家说这是真的,
politician:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;
I can find one who says it isn't." 我都可以找出另外一个说 这不是真的。」
So it's no surprise that sometimes we feel like everybody is saying these myths . 所以这一点都不意外,
myths:神话;谬见;
But when we look at the data -- and the Yale Program on Climate [Change] Communication has done public opinion polling across the country now for a number of years -- 但是当我们看数据── 耶鲁大学气候变迁沟通计画 已经对全国做民调好几年了──
public opinion:n.舆论;民意; polling:n.投票;民意测验;v.获得(票数);对…进行民意调查;(poll的现在分词)
the data shows that actually 70 percent of people in the United States agree that the climate is changing. 他们的数据显示 其实有 70% 的美国人同意 气候正在变迁。
And 70 percent also agree that it will harm plants and animals, and it will harm future generations. 70% 也同意它会伤害动植物, 会伤害未来的世代。
But then when we dig down a bit deeper, the rubber starts to hit the road . 但是当我们挖深一点, 真相就会显露。
rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…; hit the road:开始流浪,上路;
Only about 60 percent of people think it will affect people in the United States. 只有 60% 的人认为 它会影响美国人。
Only 40 percent of people think it will affect us personally . 只有 40% 的人认为 它会影响个人。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
And then when you ask people, "Do you ever talk about this?" 而当你问大家: 「你曾经讨论过这个问题吗？」
two-thirds of people in the entire United States say, "Never." 全美三分之二的人说:「不曾。」
two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地;
And even worse, when you say, "Do you hear the media talk about this?" 更糟的是,当你问: 「你是否听过媒体讨论过这个？」
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
Over three-quarters of people say no. 超过四分之三的人说没有。
three-quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三;
So it's a vicious cycle. 所以这是个恶性循环。
vicious:adj.恶毒的;恶意的;堕落的;有错误的;品性不端的;剧烈的;
The planet warms. 地球变暖。
Heat waves get stronger. 热浪变强。
Heavy precipitation gets more frequent . 豪雨更频繁。
precipitation:n.[化学]沉淀,[化学]沉淀物;冰雹;坠落;鲁莽; frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处);
Hurricanes get more intense . 颶风更强劲。
Hurricanes:n.[气象]飓风(hurricane的复数); intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
Scientists release yet another doom-filled report. 科学家又发布了一份 极不乐观的报告。
release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与;
Politicians push back even more strongly, repeating the same sciencey-sounding myths. 政客的反击更加强烈, 不断重复说着似是而非的科学迷思。
Politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
What can we do to break this vicious cycle? 我们要怎么做 才能打破这种恶性循环？
The number one thing we can do is the exact thing that we're not doing: talk about it. 我们能做的第一件事, 就是我们没有做的事: 谈论它。
But you might say, "I'm not a scientist. 可是你或许会说:
How am I supposed to talk about radiative forcing or cloud parametrization in climate models?" 「我又不是科学家 我要怎么谈论辐射效应, 或气候模式里的云参数化？」
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) radiative:adj.发光的;放射的;[物]辐射性的; parametrization:n.[数]参数化;参数化法;[计]参量化;
We don't need to be talking about more science; we've been talking about the science for over 150 years. 我们不需要再多谈科学; 过去 150 年我们谈了很多科学。
Did you know that it's been 150 years or more since the 1850s, when climate scientists first discovered that digging up and burning coal and gas and oil is producing heat-trapping gases that is wrapping an extra blanket around the planet? 你们知道这个题目 已经超过 150 年了吗？ 自 1850 年代起 气候科学家就首次发现, 挖出及燃烧煤、瓦斯及石油 会产生吸热气体, 在地球周围多包一圈毯子。
heat-trapping:吸热的; wrapping:n.包装材料;包装纸;v.包,裹(礼物等);用…包裹;(wrap的现在分词) extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外:
That's how long we've known. 我们已经知道那么久了。
It's been 50 years since scientists first formally warned a US president of the dangers of a changing climate, and that president was Lyndon B. Johnson. 从科学家首次正式警告美国总统 气候改变的危险性, 已经过了 50 年。 那位总统就是林登·詹森。
And what's more, the social science has taught us that if people have built their identity on rejecting a certain set of facts, then arguing over those facts is a personal attack. 更重要的是, 社会科学已经教导我们, 如果我们以拒绝某些事实 来建立我们的身分, 那么争论这些事实就是人身攻击。
social science:n.社会科学;社会科学学科; rejecting:v.拒绝接受;拒收;不录用;不出售,不出版;(reject的现在分词)
It causes them to dig in deeper, and it digs a trench , rather than building a bridge. 这会让他们挖一条深深的壕沟, 而不是造一座桥
trench:n.沟,沟渠;战壕;堑壕;vt.掘沟;vi.挖战壕;侵害;
So if we aren't supposed to talk about more science, or if we don't need to talk about more science, then what should we be talking about? 所以如果我们不应该谈更多的科学, 或说如果我们不需要谈更多的科学, 那我们应该谈什么？
The most important thing to do is, instead of starting up with your head, with all the data and facts in our head, to start from the heart, to start by talking about why it matters to us, to begin with genuinely shared values. 最重要的是, 与其从你充满数据及事实的脑开始, 不如从心开始, 从讨论这为什么对我们很重要开始, 从我们都真心共享的价值观开始。
genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地;
Are we both parents? 我们都为人父母吗？
Do we live in the same community ? 我们都住在同一个社区？
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Do we enjoy the same outdoor activities: hiking, biking, fishing, even hunting? 我们都喜欢一样的户外活动:
outdoor:adj.户外的;露天的;
Do we care about the economy or national security? 我们都关心经济或国家安全？
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
For me, one of the most foundational ways I found to connect with people is through my faith . 对我而言,我发现能与人 建立关系最基本的方法, 就是透过我的信仰。
foundational:adj.基础的;基本的; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
As a Christian, I believe that God created this incredible planet that we live on and gave us responsibility over every living thing on it. 我身为基督徒, 也给了我们责任要管理其上的万物。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
And I furthermore believe that we are to care for and love the least fortunate among us, those who are already suffering the impacts of poverty , hunger, disease and more. 我更相信我们要照顾及爱护 我们之中不幸的人── 那些已经饱受贫穷、 饥饿、疾病和其它不幸之苦的人。
furthermore:adv.此外;而且; fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
If you don't know what the values are that someone has, have a conversation, get to know them, figure out what makes them tick. 如果你不知道某人的价值观, 就与他们谈天,了解他们,
And then once we have, all we have to do is connect the dots between the values they already have and why they would care about a changing climate. 一旦我们明白了, 我们要做的, 就是把他们已有的价值观 与他们为什么应该 要关心气候变迁连起来。
I truly believe, after thousands of conversations that I've had over the past decade and more, that just about every single person in the world already has the values they need to care about a changing climate. 在过去十多年与人谈论过 成千上万次之后,我真的相信, 几乎这世界上的每一个人 都已经有他们应该关心 气候变迁的价值观。
They just haven't connected the dots. 他们只是还没有把点连起来。
And that's what we can do through our conversation with them. 那就是我们跟他们对话 可以做得到的。
The only reason why I care about a changing climate is because of who I already am. 我关心气候变迁的唯一理由, 是因为我已有的角色。
I'm a mother, so I care about the future of my child. 我是母亲,所以我关心孩子的未来。
I live in West Texas, where water is already scarce , and climate change is impacting the availability of that water. 我住在德州西部, 那里的水资源已经很缺乏, 而气候变迁会冲击当地可用的水源。
scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; impacting:[力]冲击;[力]撞击;[物]碰撞(impact的现在分词); availability:n.可用性;有效性;实用性;
I'm a Christian, I care about a changing climate because it is, as the military calls it, a "threat multiplier ." 我是基督徒,我关心变迁的气候, 因为它就像军方所说的, 是「威胁倍增器。」
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; multiplier:n.乘数;倍数;
It takes those issues , like poverty and hunger and disease and lack of access to clean water and even political crises that lead to refugee crises -- it takes all of these issues and it exacerbates them, it makes them worse. 它承担一些问题, 如贫穷、饥饿、疾病、 无法取得干净的水, 甚至是会导致 难民危机的政治危机── 这些问题都会因之而发生, 而且还会使问题变本加厉, 变得更糟。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) crises:n.危机,紧要关头;危险期(crisis的复数形式); refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; exacerbates:vt.使加剧;使恶化;激怒;
I'm not a Rotarian . 我不是扶轮社员。
Rotarian:adj.扶轮社的;n.(美)扶轮社的会员;
But when I gave my first talk at a Rotary Club , 但是我第一次去某个扶轮社演讲时,
Rotary Club:n.扶轮(分)社(由商人和专业人士组成的社交与慈善组织分支);
I walked in and they had this giant banner that had the Four-Way Test on it. 我走进去看到 他们有这个超大的标语,
giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 banner:n.横幅;adj.为首的;(美)突出地支持(某一政党)的; Four-Way:adj.由四人参加的;四面都通的;
Is it the truth? 这是否属实？
Absolutely . 当然。
Absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
Is it fair? 是否公平？
Heck , no, that's why I care most about climate change, because it is absolutely unfair. 当然不！那就是我为什么 这么关心气候变迁, 因为它绝对不公平。
Heck:n.(英口)同"hell",表示略微烦恼或吃惊;
Those who have contributed the least to the problem are bearing the brunt of the impacts. 对此问题贡献最少的人, 却受到最沉重的冲击。
contributed:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物); (contribute的过去式和过去分词) bearing:n.关系;影响;姿态;举止v.承受;忍受;承担责任;(bear的现在分词) brunt:n.冲击;主要冲力;
It went on to ask, "Would it be beneficial to all, would it build goodwill?" 它进一步问: 这能否兼顾彼此利益？ 能否促进亲善友谊？
beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的;
Well, to fix it certainly would. 嗯,解决这个问题当然能。
So I took my talk, and I reorganized it into the Four-Way Test, and then I gave it to this group of conservative businesspeople in West Texas. 所以我把我的演讲重新排列一下, 然后我就对着这群位于德州西部的 保守派商人演讲这个主题。
reorganized:v.重组(reorganize的过去分词);整顿;重新制定;adj.重组的;重新制定的; businesspeople:商人;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I will never forget at the end, a local bank owner came up to me with the most bemused look on his face. 我永远也忘不了在最后, 一位地方银行家满脸疑惑的走向我。
bemused:adj.困惑的;发呆的;v.使发呆(bemuse的过去式和过去分词);
And he said, "You know, I wasn't sure about this whole global warming thing, but it passed the Four-Way Test." 他说:「你知道吗？ 我不太确定这整个全球暖化的事, 但是它通过了扶轮四大考验」。
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
These values, though -- they have to be genuine. 不过这些价值观── 它们必须是真诚的。
I was giving a talk at a Christian college a number of years ago, and after my talk, a fellow scientist came up and he said, "I need some help. 几年前我在一所基督教大学演讲, 讲完之后,有一位同行科学家说: 「我需要一些幫助。
I've been really trying hard to get my foot in the door with our local churches, but I can't seem to get any traction . 我费了很大的劲打进 我们当地的教会, 可是似乎没什么作用。
foot in the door:成功的第一步,成功地开始; traction:n.牵引;[机][车辆]牵引力;
I want to talk to them about why climate change matters." 我想告诉他们 为什么气候变迁很重要。」
So I said, "Well, the best thing to do is to start with the denomination that you're part of, because you share the most values with those people. 我说:「我们能做的 就是从你所属的宗会开始, 因为你跟这些人共享许多价值观。
denomination:n.面额;名称;教派;
What type of church do you attend?" 你上哪个宗派的教会呢？」
'"Oh, I don't attend any church, I'm an atheist ," he said. 「喔,我不上教会, 我是无神论者。」他说。
atheist:n.无神论者;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I said, "Well, in that case, starting with a faith community is probably not the best idea. 我说:「这样的话,从宗教团体开始 大概不是最好的方法。
Let's talk about what you do enjoy doing, what you are involved in." 我们来看看你最喜欢做什么, 你参与什么样的活动。」
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
And we were able to identify a community group that he was part of, that he could start with. 我们就这样找出了一个 他参与的社团, 他可以从那里开始。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
The bottom line is, we don't have to be a liberal tree hugger to care about a changing climate. 我想说的是, 也可以关心变迁的气候。
The bottom line:底线;本质内容;最底线; tree hugger:n.(非正式,贬)环境保护狂;
All we have to be is a human living on this planet. 我们要做的就是当一个 活在地球上的人类。
Because no matter where we live, climate change is already affecting us today. 因为无论我们住在哪里, 今天气候变迁已经在影响我们。
If we live along the coasts, in many places, we're already seeing "sunny-day flooding." 如果我们住在海岸边, 在很多地方
If we live in western North America , we're seeing much greater area being burned by wildfires . 如果我们住在北美西部, 我们会看到野火烧掉的面积变大了。
North America:n.北美洲; wildfires:n.野火(wildfire复数);大火灾;鬼火;古时攻打敌船所用的燃料剂;
If we live in many coastal locations , from the Gulf of Mexico to the South Pacific, we are seeing stronger hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones , powered by a warming ocean. 如果我们住在沿海地区, 从墨西哥湾到南太平洋, 我们看到更强的颶风、台风及气旋 受暖化的海洋而更强劲。
coastal:adj.沿海的;海岸的; locations:n.地方;地点;位置;定位(location的复数) Gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没; cyclones:n.[气象]旋风;[化工]旋风分离器(cyclone的复数);
If we live in Texas or if we live in Syria , we're seeing climate change supersize our droughts , making them more frequent and more severe . 如果我们住在德州或叙利亚, 我们看到气候变迁加大了干旱规模, 使干旱更频繁、更严重。
Syria:n.叙利亚共和国; supersize:n.超大型快餐;超大量; droughts:n.[气候]干旱(drought的复数);旱灾灾情; severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的;
Wherever we live, we're already being affected by a changing climate. 无论我们住在哪里,
So you might say, "OK, that's good. We can talk impacts. 你可能会说:「好吧, 那我们来谈冲击。
We can scare the pants off people, because this thing is serious." 我们可以把人家吓的屁滚尿流,
And it is, believe me. I'm a scientist, I know. 它的确很严重,相信我。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But fear is not what is going to motivate us for the long-term , sustained change that we need to fix this thing. 但是恐惧不是什么好方法
motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; sustained:adj.持续的; v.维持; (sustain的过去分词和过去式)
Fear is designed to help us run away from the bear. 恐惧是设计来幫助我们逃离熊的。
Or just run faster than the person beside us. 或是跑得比旁边的人快一点。
(Laughter) （笑声）
What we need to fix this thing is rational hope. 要解决这个问题, 我们需要的是理性的希望。
rational:n.理性;人类;合理的事物;[数]有理数;adj.合理的;理性的;明智的;理智的;
Yes, we absolutely do need to recognize what's at stake . 是的,我们绝对需要认识到 什么是利害攸关的。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
Of course we do. 我们当然需要。
But we need a vision of a better future -- a future with abundant energy, with a stable economy, with resources available to all, where our lives are not worse but better than they are today. 但是我们需要展望一个更好的未来, 充满丰富能源的未来, 有稳定的经济, 有人人可用的资源, 我们的生活不是 比现在更糟,而是更好。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产; stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
There are solutions. 我们有解决的方法。
And that's why the second important thing that we have to talk about is solutions -- practical , viable , accessible , attractive solutions. 这就是为什么我们要谈论的 第二件重要的事, 就是解决方法:实用、可行、
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的; accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; attractive:adj.吸引人的;有魅力的;引人注目的;
Like what? 像什么？
Well, there's no silver bullet , as they say, but there's plenty of silver buckshot . 嗯,就像他们说的, 我们没有万灵丹, 但是我们有很多万灵散。
silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的; bullet:n.子弹;只选某党全部候选人的投票;豆子;vi.射出;迅速行进; buckshot:n.大号铅弹;鹿弹;
(Laughter) （笑声）
They're simple solutions that save us money and reduce our carbon footprint at the same time . 我们的确有简单的解决方案, 既能为我们省钱, 又能同时减少碳足迹。
footprint:n.足迹;脚印; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
Yes, light bulbs . 是的,灯泡。
bulbs:n.[电]灯泡;[植]鳞茎;大浇斗(bulb的复数);
I love my plug-in car. 我爱我的电动汽车。
plug-in:n.插件程序,插件法;
I'd like some solar shingles . 我愿意装太阳能屋顶。
shingles:n.[皮肤]带状疱疹; v.用木瓦覆盖…的屋顶;
But imagine if every home came with a switch beside the front door, that when you left the house, you could turn off everything except your fridge. 但是想像一下,如果每一家 每次你离开家门,
And maybe the DVR. 可能连录影机也关了。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Lifestyle choices: eating local, eating lower down the food chain and reducing food waste, which at the global scale , is one of the most important things that we can do to fix this problem. 生活方式选择:吃当地产的食物, 减少浪费食物,这点从全球规模看, 是我们能解决这个问题最重要的事。
food chain:n.食物链; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
I'm a climate scientist, so the irony of traveling around to talk to people about a changing climate is not lost on me. 我是气候科学家, 所以要四处旅行演讲变迁的气候, 这种讽刺在我身上也没消失。
irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
The biggest part of my personal carbon footprint is my travel. 我个人最大的碳足迹就是旅行。
And that's why I carefully collect my invitations . 这就是为什么我小心的收集邀请函,
invitations:n.邀请;获得邀请;请帖;(invitation的复数)
I usually don't go anywhere unless I have a critical mass of invitations in one place -- anywhere from three to four, to sometimes even as many as 10 or 15 talks in a given place -- 通常我不会出门, 除非我收到了足够多 从同一个地方来的邀请卡, 一个地方 3 到 4 场, 有时候甚至多到 10 或 15 场演讲,
critical mass:n.(核链式反应的)临界质量;
so I can minimize the impact of my carbon footprint as much as possible. 这样我就可以把 我的碳足迹冲击减到最低。 愈低愈好。
minimize:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要;
And I've transitioned nearly three-quarters of the talks I give to video. 而且我还把将近四分之三的演讲 变成影片。
transitioned:v.过渡;转变;变迁;(transition的过去式和过去分词)
Often, people will say, "Well, we've never done that before." 通常大家会说:
But I say, "Well, let's give it a try, I think it could work." 但是我会说:
Most of all, though, we need to talk about what's already happening today around the world and what could happen in the future. 最重要的还是这个, 我们要讨论今天 已经发生在全世界的事, 及未来可能会发生的事。
Now, I live in Texas, and Texas has the highest carbon emissions of any state in the United States. 那么,我住在德州。 德州是全美排碳最高的一州。
emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
You might say, "Well, what can you talk about in Texas?" 你可能会说:「这样的话, 你在德州还能谈什么？」
The answer is: a lot. 答案是,很多。
Did you know that in Texas there's over 25,000 jobs in the wind energy industry? 你可知道在德州,
in the wind:即将发生;在进行;
We are almost up to 20 percent of our electricity from clean, renewable sources, most of that wind, though solar is growing quickly. 我们有将近 20% 的电力 来自干净可再生的资源, 尽管太阳能成长快速。
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
The largest army base in the United States, Fort Hood, is, of course, in Texas. 美国最大的陆军基地胡德堡, 不用说,就在德州。
And they've been powered by wind and solar energy now, because it's saving taxpayers over 150 million dollars. 他们现在用风能及太阳能发电, 因为这样可以节省纳税人 超过一亿五千万美金。
taxpayers:n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数);
Yes. 是的。
(Applause) （掌声）
What about those who don't have the resources that we have? 那些跟我们不一样, 没有资源可用的人怎么办？
In sub-Saharan Africa, there are hundreds of millions of people who don't have access to any type of energy except kerosine , and it's very expensive. 在撒哈拉以南非洲,成千上万的人 没有任何能源可用,除了煤油, 而且那还很贵。
sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区; kerosine:n.煤油;
Around the entire world, the fastest-growing type of new energy today is solar. 在全世界, 现今成长最快的新能源是太阳能。
And they have plenty of solar. 而他们的日光充足。
So social impact investors, nonprofits , even corporations are going in and using innovative new microfinancing schemes , like, pay-as-you-go solar, so that people can buy the power they need in increments , sometimes even on their cell phone. 所以社会责任投资人、 非营利组织,甚至一般企業 都投入并使用创新的微型投资方法, 像随用随付太阳能板租用计画, 所以民众就可以买到 所需单位的能源。 有时候甚至可以从手机买。
nonprofits:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式); innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; microfinancing:小额贷款; schemes:n.方案,计划;阴谋(scheme的复数);v.计划,设计;谋划(scheme的三单形式); pay-as-you-go:n.现收现付制;量入为出;费用发生拨款制; increments:n.[数]增量(incremment的复数);增加数;
One company, Azuri, has distributed tens of thousands of units across 11 countries, from Rwanda to Uganda . 有一间公司叫阿苏里科技, 已经分发了成千上万块面板 给 11 个国家, 包括卢安达及乌干达。
distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家);
They estimate that they've powered over 30 million hours of electricity and over 10 million hours of cell phone charging. 他们估计他们已经供给了 超过三千万小时的电力, 及超过一千万小时的手机充电。
estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本;
What about the giant growing economies of China and India? 中国及印度这样 快速成长的经济体又如何？
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
Well, climate impacts might seem a little further down the road , but air quality impacts are right here today. 气候的冲击看起来还有点远, 但是空气品质的影响却是今日今时。
down the road:只要沿着这条路;将来;在路上; air quality:n.空气质量;
And they know that clean energy is essential to powering their future. 他们知道清洁能源 对于推动未来发展至关重要。
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
So China is investing hundreds of billions of dollars in clean energy. 所以中国投资了数千亿美元 在干净能源上。
investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
They're flooding coal mines, and they're putting floating solar panels on the surface. 他们水淹煤矿场, 而且他们还在水面放浮动太阳能板。
panels:n.面板(panel的复数); v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式);
They also have a panda-shaped solar farm. 他们还有一座熊猫外型的 太阳能发电厂。
(Applause) （掌声）
(Laughter) （笑声）
Yes, they're still burning coal. 是的,他们还在烧煤。
But they've shut down all the coal plants around Beijing. 但是他们已经关闭了 北京附近所有的燃煤电厂。
And in India, they're looking to replace a quarter of a billion incandescent light bulbs with LEDs , which will save them seven billion dollars in energy costs. 在印度,他们想要 用 LED 灯取代 2.5 亿个白热灯管, 这可以让他们节省 70 亿美元的能源费用。
incandescent:adj.辉耀的;炽热的;发白热光的; LEDs:v.领导;通向;指引(lead的过去分词);
They're investing in green jobs, and they're looking to decarbonize their entire vehicle fleet . 他们正在投资绿色工作, 他们想要让所有的车辆都脱碳。
decarbonize:vt.除去碳素;脱去…的碳(等于decarburize); vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的;
India may be the first country to industrialize without relying primarily on fossil fuels. 印度可能是第一个 不需要仰赖石化燃料 就工業化的国家。
industrialize:v.(使国家或地区)工业化; relying:v.依赖;信任;指望(rely的现在分词); primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上;
The world is changing. 这个世界正在改变。
But it just isn't changing fast enough. 但是变得还不够快。
Too often, we picture this problem as a giant boulder sitting at the bottom of a hill, with only a few hands on it, trying to roll it up the hill. 太常见到的是我们视这个问题 为一块坐落在山脚的巨石, 只有几只手撑着它,想把它推上山顶。
boulder:n.卵石,大圆石;巨砾;
But in reality, that boulder is already at the top of the hill. 但实际上,那块巨石已经在山顶了。
And it's got hundreds of millions of hands, maybe even billions on it, pushing it down. 而且有数也数不清的手 要把它推下山。
It just isn't going fast enough. 只是那个速度实在不够快。
So how do we speed up that giant boulder so we can fix climate change in time? 我们要怎么让那块巨石加速, 才能及时解决气候变迁？
You guessed it. 你猜到了。
The number one way is by talking about it. 第一要务就是讨论它。
The bottom line is this: climate change is affecting you and me right here, right now, in the places where we live. 底线就是: 气候变迁正影响着你和我, 就在此时此刻, 就在我们居住的地方。
But by working together, we can fix it. 但透过合作,我们可以解决它。
Sure, it's a daunting problem. 的确,这是个令人生畏的问题。
daunting:adj.令人生畏的:令人胆怯的:v.使胆怯:使失去信心;(daunt的现在分词)
Nobody knows that more than us climate scientists. 没有人比我们气候科学家 更了解这件事。
But we can't give in to despair . 但是我们不能屈服于绝望。
despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望;
We have to go out and actively look for the hope that we need, that will inspire us to act. 我们要走出去, 主动寻找我们所需的希望, 以激励我们行动。
inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
And that hope begins with a conversation today. 那份希望就从今天展开对话开始。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）