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KashfiaRahman_2019S-_冒险会如何影响青少年的大脑_-
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| Have you ever tried to understand a teenager? |
你们有没有试过 去了解一个青少年？ |
| It's exhausting , right? |
了解的过程 让人身心俱疲,对吧？ |
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exhausting:adj.使人精疲力竭的;v.耗尽;使筋疲力尽;(exhaust的现在分词)
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| You must be puzzled by the fact that some teens do well in school, lead clubs and teams and volunteer in their communities , but they eat Tide Pods for an online challenge, speed and text while driving, binge drink and experiment with illicit drugs. |
你们肯定很疑惑: 有些青少年在学校很乖, 他们在俱乐部或者团队里 承担领导角色, 在社区当志愿者, 但是他们也会参加线上挑战, 品尝汰渍洗衣球（Tide Pods）, 他们飙车, 一边开车一边发信息, 酗酒,尝试吸毒。 |
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puzzled:adj.困惑的;茫然的;搞糊涂的; teens:n.十多岁,十几岁;青少年; volunteer:n.志愿者;志愿兵;adj.志愿的;v.自愿; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) Tide:n.潮汐; v.顺应潮水航行; Pods:abbr.资料库系统规则(PrinciplesofDatabaseSystems); binge:n.狂欢,狂闹;放纵;vt.放纵;vi.狂饮作乐;大吃大喝; illicit:adj.违法的;不正当的;
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| How can so many teens be so smart, skilled and responsible -- and careless risk-takers at the same time ? |
怎么会有这么多的青少年 既聪颖、富有责任心, 同时却又做出如此不计后果的事情？ |
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skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; risk-takers:n.风险承担者;敢于冒险的人; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
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| When I was 16, while frequently observing my peers in person as well as on social media , |
在我16岁的时候, 我经常当面观察同龄人,我也会通过社交媒体去观察他们。 |
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frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次; observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词); peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式); as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
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| I began to wonder why so many teens took such crazy risks. |
我开始疑惑: 为什么这么多青少年会疯狂冒险。 |
| It seems like getting a certificate from DARE class in the fifth grade can't stop them. |
就像是想获得 五年级“勇士”课堂的证书一样, 拦都拦不住他们。 |
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certificate:n.证明;证明书;合格证书;文凭;v.发给结业证书;(尤指)发给职业培训证书;
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| What was even more alarming to me was that the more they exposed themselves to these harmful risks, the easier it became for them to continue taking risks. |
更让我吃惊的是, 他们越将自己暴露在这种风险之中, 就越容易继续冒险。 |
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exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式)
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| Now this confused me, but it also made me incredibly curious . |
这令我非常困惑, 同时也令我万分好奇。 |
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confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
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| So, as someone with a name that literally means "to explore knowledge," |
我的名字的字面意思 是“探索知识”。 |
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literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
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| I started searching for a scientific explanation. |
冲着这样一个名字, 我就此开启了我的科学探索。 |
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scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
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| Now, it's no secret that teens ages 13 to 18 are more prone to risk-taking than children or adults, but what makes them so daring? |
目前,13到18岁的青少年 比儿童和成人都 更倾向于冒险, 这一点人尽皆知。 那是什么使他们如此大胆呢？ |
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prone:adj.俯卧的;有…倾向的,易于…的; risk-taking:n.冒险;承担风险;adj.冒险的;
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| Do they suddenly become reckless , or is this just a natural phase that they're going through? |
他们是突然变得如此不计后果的吗, 还是说这是他们成长必经的一个阶段？ |
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reckless:adj.鲁莽的,不顾后果的;粗心大意的; phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做;
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| Well neuroscientists have already found evidence that the teen brain is still in the process of maturation -- and that this makes them exceptionally poor at decision-making , causing them to fall prey to risky behaviors. |
神经科学家们发现, 青少年大脑还在发育、尚未成熟, 而这使得青少年 特别不善于做决策, 所以他们容易采取危险行为。 |
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neuroscientists:n.神经系统科学家; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; in the process of:在…的过程中; maturation:n.成熟;化脓;生殖细胞之形成; exceptionally:adv.异常地;特殊地;例外地; decision-making:n.决策; prey:n.猎物;受害者;受骗者;v.折磨;掠夺;捕食(on,upon);损害(on,upon);
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| But in that case, if the maturing brain is to blame, then why are teens more vulnerable than children, even though their brains are more developed than those of children? |
这样的话, 那问题就在于发育中的大脑, 那为什么青少年比起儿童 更加容易采取冒险的决定呢？ 青少年的大脑可是 比儿童的大脑更成熟啊！ |
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maturing:n.老化;成熟酌;(陶瓷的)烧成;v.成熟(mature的ing形式);到期; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
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| Also, not all teens in the world take risks at the same level. |
此外,并非全球青少年的 冒险程度都相同。 |
| Are there some other underlying or unintentional causes driving them to risk-taking? |
还有其他潜在的或偶然的理由 驱使他们去冒险吗？ |
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underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) unintentional:adj.非故意的;无意识的;
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| Well, this is exactly what I decided to research. |
这正是我决定去研究的领域。 |
| So, I founded my research on the basis of a psychological process known as " habituation ," or simply what we refer to as "getting used to it. |
所以,我将研究建立在 一个心理过程的基础之上, 即“习惯化”, 简言之, 就是我们所说的“适应” 习惯化解释了, |
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on the basis of:根据;基于…; psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; habituation:n.(对麻醉品等的)适应;毒瘾;成为习惯; refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅;
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| '" Habituation explains how our brains adapt to some behaviors, like lying, with repeated exposures . |
大脑如何适应 例如反复接触说谎等这些行为。 |
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adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; exposures:暴露;[摄]曝光;揭露;陈列(exposure的复数);
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| And this concept inspired me to design a project to determine if the same principle could be applied to the relentless rise of risk-taking in teenagers. |
这个概念激发了我设计项目的灵感: 同样的原则 能否用来解释 为何青少年冒险现象不断增多。 |
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inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) relentless:adj.无情的;残酷的;不间断的;
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| So I predicted that habituation to risk-taking may have the potential to change the already-vulnerable teenage brain by blunting or even eradicating the negative emotions associated with risk, like fear or guilt. |
我预期, 冒险行为的习惯化 可能会改变易受环境影响的青年大脑, 改变的方法是 削弱与风险相关的负面情绪, 甚至完全消除这样的情绪, 如恐惧、内疚。 |
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predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; blunting:v.使减弱;使(尖端、刃)变钝;(blunt的现在分词) eradicating:根除; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
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| I also thought because they would feel less fearful and guilty , this desensitization would lead them to even more risk-taking. |
我还认为, 因为他们觉得没那么恐惧和内疚, 这种脱敏现象会使他们更容易冒险。 |
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fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的; guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的; desensitization:n.[免疫]脱敏;[感光]减感;
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| In short, I wanted to conduct a research study to answer one big question: |
简单来说,我想通过研究 来回答一个大问题: |
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conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法;
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| Why do teens keep making outrageous choices that are harmful to their health and well-being ? |
为什么青少年老是做出骇人的 且不利于自己的身心的事情？ |
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outrageous:adj.粗暴的;可恶的;令人吃惊的; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
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| But there was one big obstacle in my way. |
但是我的研究面临着一个很大的障碍, |
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obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石;
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| To investigate this problem, I needed teenagers to experiment on, laboratories and devices to measure their brain activity, and teachers or professors to supervise me and guide me along the way. |
要研究这个问题, 我需要青少年参与试验, 需要实验室和设备 来测量他们的大脑活动, 需要老师或教授 来监督我、引导我。 |
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investigate:v.调查;研究;审查; laboratories:n.实验室;(laboratory的复数) devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); supervise:vt.监督,管理;指导;vi.监督,管理;指导;
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| I needed resources . |
我需要各种资源。 |
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resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| But, you see, I attended a high school in South Dakota with limited opportunity for scientific exploration . |
但是,你们也看到了, 我中学是在南达科他塔州上的, 科学探索的机会非常有限。 |
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Dakota:n.达科他(美国过去一地区名,现分为南,北达科他州);adj.达科他人的; limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
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| My school had athletics , band , choir , debate and other clubs, but there were no STEM programs or research mentors . |
我们学校有运动员、 乐队、合唱团、辩论队和各种社团, 但却没有STEM项目或研究导师。 |
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athletics:n.竞技;体育运动;田径运动; band:n.带;波段;频带;箍;v.加彩条(或嵌条等);(将价格、收入等)划分档次; choir:n.唱诗班;合唱团,歌唱队; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; STEM:n.花草的茎或梗;高脚酒杯的脚;烟斗柄;词干;v.阻止;封堵;遏止; mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数);
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| And the notion of high schoolers doing research or participating in a science fair was completely foreign. |
此外,高中生做研究 或参与科学竞赛的想法更是少有。 |
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notion:n.观念;信念;理解; participating:v.参加;参与(participate的现在分词)
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| Simply put, I didn't exactly have the ingredients to make a chef-worthy dish. |
简单来说,这让我感到 巧妇难为无米之炊。 |
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ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数)
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| And these obstacles were frustrating , but I was also a stubborn teenager. |
这些障碍真让人沮丧, 但我是一个倔强的青少年。 |
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obstacles:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;(obstacle的复数形式) frustrating:adj.令人沮丧的;v.使沮丧;(frustrate的现在分词) stubborn:adj.顽固的;顽强的;难处理的;
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| And as the daughter of Bangladeshi immigrants and one of just a handful of Muslim students in my high school in South Dakota, |
作为孟加拉国移民的女儿 和在南达科他塔州高中里 为数不多的穆斯林学生之一, |
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immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数);
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| I often struggled to fit in. |
我常常需要很努力地 去适应、去融入。 |
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struggled:v.奋斗;努力;争取;艰难地行进;抗争;(struggle的过去式和过去分词)
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| And I wanted to be someone with something to contribute to society, not just be deemed the scarf-wearing brown girl who was an anomaly in my homogenous hometown. |
我想做一个对社会有贡献的人, 而不只是一个带头巾的 棕色皮肤女孩, 只是家乡来的一个异类。 |
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contribute to:有助于;捐献; deemed:v.认为;视为;相信;(deem的过去分词和过去式) anomaly:n.异常;不规则;反常事物; homogenous:adj.[生物]同质的;同类的;
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| I hoped that by doing this research, |
我希望,通过这个研究, |
| I could establish this and how valuable scientific exploration could be for kids like me who didn't necessarily find their niche elsewhere . |
我能达成上述的那些愿望, 证明科学探索对于 像我一样的孩子来说是多么珍贵, 我们在其他地方 未必能找到自己的立足之地。 |
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establish:v.创立;设立;建立;确立;使立足;查实; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; niche:n.壁龛; vt.放入壁龛; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
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| So with limited research opportunities, inventiveness allowed me to overcome seemingly impossible obstacles. |
所以,仅凭有限的研究机会, 创造力使我克服了 那些看似无法跨越的障碍。 |
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inventiveness:n.创造性;发明的才能; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来;
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| I became more creative in working with a variety of methodologies , materials and subjects. |
用各种方法、材料工作时, 涉及各种主题时, 我变得越来越有创造力。 |
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creative:adj.创造性的; variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; methodologies:n.[经]方法论(methodology的复数形式);
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| I transformed my unassuming school library into a laboratory and my peers into lab rats. |
我把我们普通的学校图书馆 变成了实验室, 把同学们变成了 实验室里的小白鼠。 |
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transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) unassuming:adj.谦逊的;不装腔作势的;不出风头的; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
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| My enthusiastic geography teacher, who also happens to be my school's football coach, ended up as my cheerleader , becoming my mentor to sign necessary paperwork . |
我那热心的地理老师, 正好也是我们学校的足球教练, 他最终成为了我的啦啦队队长, 成为了我在签署必备文件方面的导师。 |
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enthusiastic:adj.热情的;热心的;狂热的; cheerleader:n.拉拉队队员; paperwork:n.文书工作;
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| And when it became logistically impossible to use a laboratory electroencephalography , or EEG, which are those electrode devices used to measure emotional responses , |
而当我无法使用 实验室脑电图设备, 简称EEG, 即无法使用用来测试 情感反应的电极装置时, |
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logistically:adv.逻辑地,运筹地;在后勤方面; electroencephalography:n.脑电描记法;脑电流描记器; electrode:n.[电]电极;电焊条; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
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| I bought a portable EEG headset with my own money, instead of buying the new iPhone X that a lot of kids my age were saving up for. |
我用自己省下来 买新款iPhone X的钱 买了一台便携式EEG耳机。我的很多同龄人 都在省钱买iPhone X。 |
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portable:adj.便携式的;手提的;轻便的;n.便携机;(尤指)手提电脑; headset:n.耳机;头戴式受话器;
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| So finally I started the research with 86 students, ages 13 to 18, from my high school. |
最终,我开始了我的研究。 研究对象是我们中学的 86名学生（13~18岁）。 |
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finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
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| Using the computer cubicles in my school library, |
我使用了学校图书馆的电脑隔间 |
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cubicles:[建]小卧室;
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| I had them complete a computerized decision-making simulation to measure their risk-taking behaviors comparable to ones in the real world, like alcohol use, drug use and gambling . |
让同学们完成了 一项计算机决策模拟试验, 以此来测试他们的冒险行为, 并与现实世界中的行为进行对比, 如喝酒、嗑药和赌博。 |
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computerized:adj.电脑的; v.用电子计算机控制(computerize的过去分词); simulation:n.仿真;模拟;模仿;假装; comparable to:可比较的,比得上的; alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; gambling:n.赌博;投机;v.赌博;打赌;(gamble的现在分词)
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| Wearing the EEG headset, the students completed the test 12 times over three days to mimic repeated risk exposures. |
同学们头戴EEG耳机, 在3天时间里 完成了12次测试, 模拟重复暴露到风险之中的情况。 |
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mimic:vt.模仿,摹拟;n.效颦者,模仿者;仿制品;小丑;adj.模仿的,模拟的;假装的;
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| A control panel on the EEG headset measured their various emotional responses: like attention, interest, excitement , frustration , guilt, stress levels and relaxation . |
EEG耳机上的控制面板 测试了他们不同的情感反应: 专注、感兴趣、兴奋、沮丧、 内疚、压力程度、放松。 |
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panel:n.镶板;仪表盘;钣金;(衣服上的)镶条;v.镶板(用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰); measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物; frustration:n.挫折; relaxation:n.放松;缓和;消遣;
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| They also rated their emotions on well-validated emotion-measuring scales . |
他们还用经过验证的 情感测试测量系统 测试了自己的情感。 |
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scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数)
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| This meant that I had measured the process of habituation and its effects on decision-making. |
这就是说, 我试验了习惯化的过程 及其对决策的影响。 |
| And it took 29 days to complete this research. |
这项研究历时29天。 |
| And with months of frantically drafting proposals , meticulously computing data in a caffeinated daze at 2am, |
接下来的几个月, 我拼命地起草研究报告, 细心地计算数据, 时常在咖啡因的作用下熬到凌晨2点, |
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frantically:adv.疯狂似地;狂暴地; drafting:n.起草;制图;v.起草;草拟;选派;抽调;(draft的现在分词) proposals:n.建议书(Proposal的复数);求婚; meticulously:adv.细致地;一丝不苟地;拘泥地; computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) caffeinated:adj.含咖啡因的; v.为…添加咖啡因(caffeinate的过去式和过去分词); daze:vt.使茫然;使眼花缭乱;使晕眩;n.迷乱,眼花缭乱;
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| I was able to finalize my results. |
最终,我的研究结果定稿了。 |
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finalize:v.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来;定案;
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| And the results showed that habituation to risk-taking could actually change a teen's brain by altering their emotional levels, causing greater risk-taking. |
研究结果表明: 事实上,冒险的习惯化 会改变青少年的情感水平, 从而改变他们的大脑, 使得他们更冒险。 |
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altering:n.变更;v.变更(alter的现在分词);
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| The students' emotions that were normally associated with risks, like fear, stress, guilt and nervousness , as well as attention, were high when they were first exposed to the risk simulator . |
与风险相关的情感一般有 恐惧、压力、 内疚、紧张, 还有专注。 第一次接触风险模拟器时, 学生的这些情感处于高水平。 |
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normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; nervousness:n.神经质;[心理]神经过敏;紧张不安; simulator:n.模拟器;假装者,模拟者;
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| This curbed their temptations and enforced self-control , which prevented them from taking more risks. |
这抑制了风险对他们的诱惑, 迫使他们进行自我控制, 这阻止了他们冒险。 |
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curbed:adj.约束的;v.抑制(curb的过去分词);约束; temptations:n.诱惑物;引诱物(temptation复数); enforced:adj.强迫的;强制性的;v.强制执行;迫使;(enforce的过去分词和过去式) self-control:n.克己,自我控制;
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| However, the more they were exposed to the risks through the simulator, the less fearful, guilty and stressed they became. |
但是,通过模拟器, 他们暴露到风险中的次数越多, 他们的恐惧、内疚就越少, 承受的压力就越小。 |
| This caused a situation in which they were no longer able to feel the brain's natural fear and caution instincts . |
这就导致了如下情况: 他们变得感受不到 大脑自然的本能恐惧和警惕了。 |
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instincts:n.本能;天性;直觉;(instinct的复数)
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| And also, because they are teenagers and their brains are still underdeveloped , they became more interested and excited in thrill-seeking behaviors. |
此外,因为他们是青少年, 他们的大脑还处于发育阶段, 他们对冒险行为 会越来越感兴趣、越来越兴奋。 |
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underdeveloped:adj.不发达的; thrill-seeking:追求刺激;敢于冒险;玩心跳;
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| So what were the consequences ? |
那会有什么样的后果呢？ |
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consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
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| They lacked self-control for logical decision-making, took greater risks and made more harmful choices. |
他们在逻辑决策时 缺少自我控制, 会去冒更大的险, 做出危害更大的选择。 |
| So the developing brain alone isn't to blame. |
但也不能把全部问题归咎于 尚未完全发育的大脑。 |
| The process of habituation also plays a key role in risk-taking and risk escalation . |
习惯化的过程也导致青少年 去冒险以及冒险行为的升级。 |
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escalation:n.增加;扩大;逐步上升;
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| Although a teen's willingness to seek risk is largely a result of the structural and functional changes associated with their developing brains, the dangerous part that my research was able to highlight was |
尽管青年冒险的意愿 在很大程度上 是结构和功能转变的结果。这与发育中的大脑相关, 但是我的研究突出了 其中的危险部分: |
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willingness:n.乐意;心甘情愿;自动自发; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; structural:adj.结构的;建筑的; functional:adj.功能的; highlight:vt.突出;强调;使显著;加亮;n.最精彩的部分;最重要的事情;加亮区;
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| that a habituation to risks can actually physically change a teen's brain and cause greater risk-taking. |
实际上,冒险习惯化 会在物理层面改变一个青少年的大脑, 致使他们去冒更大的险。 |
| So it's the combination of the immature teen brain and the impact of habituation that is like a perfect storm to create more damaging effects. |
所以尚未完全发育的大脑 和习惯化的影响共同作用, 这就像一场完美风暴, 会导致更具有破坏性的后果。 |
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combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; immature:adj.不成熟的;未成熟的;粗糙的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; perfect storm:n.祸不单行;屋漏偏逢连夜雨;
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| And this research can help parents and the general public understand that teens aren't just willfully ignoring warnings or simply defying parents by engaging in increasingly more dangerous behavior. |
这项研究能帮助父母及大众 了解青少年不是简单地 故意忽视警告, 或是简单地冒越来越大的险, 以此反抗父母。 |
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general public:n.普通百姓;大众;公众; willfully:adv.故意地;任性固执地; ignoring:v.忽略,忽视;(ignore的现在分词); defying:反抗; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
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| The biggest hurdle they're facing is their habituation to risks: all the physical , detectable and emotional functional changes that drive and control and influence their over-the-top risk-taking. |
他们面临的最大的障碍是 他们对风险的习惯化: 所有实实在在的、 能检测到的情感、功能变化, 这些变化驱使、控制、影响 他们的过度冒险行为。 |
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hurdle:n.障碍;栏;跳栏;vt.克服;vi.克服;跳过; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; detectable:adj.可检测的;可发觉的; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; over-the-top:adj.过多的;言过其实的;夸大其词的;
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| So yes, we need policies that provide safer environments and limit exposures to high risks, but we also need policies that reflect this insight . |
所以,我们需要相关政策 为我们提供更加安全的环境, 避免我们接触高风险; 我们还需要相关政策 来好好考虑这一结论。 |
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policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达; insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
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| These results are a wake-up call for teens, too. |
研究结果也为青少年敲响了警钟。 |
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wake-up call:叫醒电话;叫醒服务;警钟;唤醒服务;
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| It shows them that the natural and necessary fear and guilt that protect them from unsafe situations actually become numb when they repeatedly choose risky behaviors. |
研究结果表明, 天生的、必要的恐惧和内疚 能够保护他们, 避免他们陷入危险境地, 但是, 当他们反复选择危险行为时, 这种恐惧和内疚会变得麻木。 |
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unsafe:adj.不安全的;危险的;不安稳的; repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地;
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| So with this hope to share my findings with fellow teenagers and scientists, |
我想与同龄青少年和科学家 |
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findings:n.调查发现;判决;裁决;(finding的复数)
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| I took my research to the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, or ISEF, who showcase their cutting-edge research and inventions. |
分享我的研究发现, 我把我的研究带到了 英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛（ISEF）上, 在此展示了他们 领先的研究与发明。 |
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Intel:n.美国英特尔公司(财富500强公司之一,以生产CPU芯片著称); Engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) showcase:n.展示的场合;玻璃柜台;v.使展现;在玻璃橱窗陈列; cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的;
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| It's like the Olympics of science fair. |
ISEF就像科学竞赛中的 “奥林匹克”一样。 |
| There, I was able to present my research to experts in neuroscience and psychology and garner valuable feedback . |
在展会上,我得以向神经科学 和心理学专家展示我的研究, 并收获了宝贵的反馈。 |
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neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等); psychology:n.心理学;心理状态; garner:vt.获得;储存;把…储入谷仓;n.谷仓; feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈;
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| But perhaps the most memorable moment of the week was when the booming speakers suddenly uttered my name during the awards ceremony . |
但是,或许这一周里 最让人难以忘怀的时刻是 嗓音低沉洪亮的演讲人 在颁奖典礼上 突然说出我的名字的那一刻。 |
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memorable:adj.显著的,难忘的;值得纪念的; booming:adj.兴旺的,繁荣的;大受欢迎的;v.兴旺(boom的现在分词);发出隆隆声; uttered:v.出声;说;讲(utter的过去分词和过去式) ceremony:n.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪;客套,虚礼;
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| I was in such disbelief that I questioned myself: |
我不敢相信, 我问自己: |
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disbelief:n.怀疑,不信;
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| Was this just another "La La Land" blunder like at the Oscars? |
这是另一个类似奥斯卡颁奖典礼上 《爱乐之城》那样的颁奖乌龙吗？ |
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blunder:v.跌跌撞撞地走;犯大错;n.大错;
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| Luckily, it wasn't. |
幸运的是,并非如此。 |
| I really had won first place in the category " Behavioral and Social Sciences." |
我真的获得了 “行为与社会科学”组的第一名。 |
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category:n.种类,分类;[数]范畴; Behavioral:adj.行为的;
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| Needless to say, I was not only thrilled to have this recognition , but also the whole experience of science fair that validated my efforts keeps my curiosity alive and strengthens my creativity, perseverance and imagination . |
毋庸置疑, 我激动不仅仅是 因为我获得了这样的认可, 还因为参与科学竞赛的整个过程 证明了我的付出会有回报, 让我继续保持旺盛的好奇心, 加强了我的创造力、 毅力和想象力。 |
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Needless:adj.不必要的,不需要的;多余的,无用的; thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; validated:v.证实;确认;使生效;批准;认可;(validate的过去分词和过去式) curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩; perseverance:n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠;n.耐性;毅力; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
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| This still image of me experimenting in my school library may seem ordinary, but to me, it represents a sort of inspiration. |
我这张在学校图书馆的照片 或许看起来很普通, 但是对我而言, 它是一种激励。 |
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represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数)
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| It reminds me that this process taught me to take risks. |
它提醒着我, 这个过程教我去冒险。 |
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reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数)
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| And I know that might sound incredibly ironic . |
我知道,这听起来 或许特别讽刺。 |
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ironic:adj.讽刺的;反话的;
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| But I took risks realizing that unforeseen opportunities often come from risk-taking -- not the hazardous , negative type that I studied, but the good ones, the positive risks. |
冒险让我发现 意外机会往往来自于冒险—— 不是我研究的 那种危险的、负面的冒险, 而是好的冒险、 正面的冒险。 |
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unforeseen:adj.未预见到的,无法预料的; hazardous:adj.有危险的;冒险的;碰运气的; positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
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| The more risks I took, the more capable I felt of withstanding my unconventional circumstances , leading to more tolerance , resilience and patience for completing my project. |
我冒的险越多, 我越觉得我能承受不一样的情境, 让我更有包容心、复原力和耐心, 得以完成我的项目。 |
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capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; withstanding:vt.抵挡;禁得起;反抗;vi.反抗; unconventional:adj.非常规的;非传统的;不依惯例的; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数) tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍; resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力; patience:n.耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍;
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| And these lessons have led me to new ideas like: |
而这些经验也让我有了新想法, 例如: |
| Is the opposite of negative risk-taking also true? |
负面冒险的对立面也成立吗？ |
| Can positive risk-taking escalate with repeated exposures? |
通过反复接触, 正面冒险是否会升级？ |
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escalate:vi.逐步增强;逐步升高;vt.使逐步上升;
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| Does positive action build positive brain functioning? |
正面行动会改善大脑功能吗？ |
| I think I just might have my next research idea. |
我想我找到了 我的下一个研究目标。 |