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KarenArmstrong_2009G-_重拾恕道_
For years I've been feeling frustrated because as a religious historian, 多年来,我一直感到沮丧 因为作为宗教历史学家,
frustrated:adj.失意的,挫败的;泄气的;v.挫败;阻挠;(frustrate的过去式和过去分词) religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
I've become acutely aware of the centrality of compassion in all the major world faiths. 我已经意识到 世界上主要的宗教信仰都宣扬 仁爱之心。
acutely:adv.尖锐地;剧烈地; centrality:n.中心;中央;向心性; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
Every single one of them has evolved their own version of what's being called the Golden Rule . 每个宗教都演变出 自己独特的版本, 这些统称为恕道(黄金定律)。
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) Golden Rule:n.成功之重要原则;指导原则;
Sometimes it comes in a positive version -- "Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself." 有时从正面说,那就是- “推己及人。”
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
And equally important is the negative version -- "Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you." 同样重要的, 从反方面说就是-- “已所不欲,勿施于人。”
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
Look into your own heart. 审视你的内心。
Discover what it is that gives you pain. 探寻究竟是什么让你痛苦。
And then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever to inflict that pain on anybody else. 然后在任何情况下,都拒绝 将这种痛苦施加于别人。
circumstance:n.环境,情况;事件;境遇; whatsoever:pron.无论什么; inflict:vt.造成;使遭受(损伤,痛苦等);给予(打击等);
And people have emphasized the importance of compassion, not just because it sounds good, but because it works. 人们之所以重视仁爱, 不仅仅是因为它听起来很棒, 更是因为它行得通。
emphasized:v.强调,着重(emphasize的过去式);
People have found that when they have implemented the Golden Rule as Confucius said, "all day and every day," 人们发现当他们 遵守恕道时 正如孔子所说的“终生行之,”
implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词) Confucius:n.孔子(中国哲学家,教育家);
not just a question of doing your good deed for the day and then returning to a life of greed and egotism , but to do it all day and every day, you dethrone yourself from the center of your world, put another there, and you transcend yourself. 这已不是只做一天好事 然后又回到贪婪、 自私的生活的问题了。 当你每天都坚守恕道的时候, 你就可以摆脱以自我为中心的世界, 超然于物外。
deed:n.行动;功绩;证书;[法]契据;vt.立契转让; greed:n.贪婪,贪心; egotism:n.自负;自我中心; dethrone:vt.废黜;废位赶出;罢免; transcend:v.超出,超越(通常的界限);
And it brings you into the presence of what's being called God, Nirvana , Rama, Tao. 从而可以到达 称之为神、涅盤、喇嘛、道的境界。
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; Nirvana:n.涅槃;天堂;
Something that goes beyond what we know in our ego-bound existence. 一些超越 我们所知的自我约束的东西。
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time, that this was so central to the religious life. 但是,你知道大多数时候你对此一无所知, 这就是宗教生活的核心。
Because with a few wonderful exceptions, very often when religious people come together, religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines or uttering a council of hatred or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort. 因为世上的一些特例, 经常的,当宗教人士集聚在一起的时候, 宗教领袖聚在一起的时候,他们会争辩深奥的理论 或者发表充满仇恨的言论 又或谴责同性恋等此类问题。
abstruse:adj.深奥的;难懂的; doctrines:主义;学说;教义;信条(doctrine的复数); uttering:v.发出;作声;使用伪币(utter的ing形式);n.故意提供或传递伪造文件罪; council:n.(市、郡等的)政务委员会;市政(或地方管理)服务机构; hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶; homosexuality:n.同性恋;
Often people don't really want to be compassionate . 通常人们不具有仁爱之心。
compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的;vt.同情;怜悯;
I sometimes see when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces because people often want to be right instead. 有时, 当我跟众多宗教人士交谈时, 我注意到他们的脸上经常会闪现一丝轻蔑之色, 因为人们往往都自持正确。
congregation:n.集会;集合;圣会; mutinous:adj.暴动的;反抗的;难制服的; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
And that of course defeats the object of the exercise. 这当然违背了修行的目的。
Now why was I so grateful to TED? 我为什么对TED那么感激呢？
Because they took me very gently from my book-lined study and brought me into the 21st Century, enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience than I could have ever conceived . 因为TED温柔地将我 从满是书本的书房 带到了二十一世纪, 让我能够可以向更多,更广的观众演说 这比我能设想到的多得多。
gently:adv.轻轻地;温柔地;温和地; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); conceived:v.构思;设想;(conceive的过去式);
Because I feel an urgency about this. 因为我对此感到迫切。
urgency:n.紧急;催促;紧急的事;
If we don't manage to implement the Golden Rule globally, so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be, as though they were as important as ourselves, 假若我们不设法 在全球实施恕道, 这样我们就能对待所有的人,无论他们在哪里,他们是谁, 都如同对待我们自己一样重要,
whoever:任何人:无论是谁:
I doubt that we'll have a viable world to hand on to the next generation. 我怀疑我们 能否将这个世界传承给下一代。
viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的;
The task of our time, one of the great tasks of our time, is to build a global society, as I said , where people can live together in peace. 我们当前的任务, 最为艰巨的任务之一, 就是建立一个全球性的社会,就像我所说的, 在这个社会里,人们可以和谐相处。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; as I said:正如我所说的
And the religions, that should be making a major contribution are instead seen as part of the problem. 而宗教,本应做出主要贡献的, 却被视为问题的一部分。
contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件;
And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule. 当然,不只是宗教人士才相信恕道。
This is the source of all morality , this imaginative act of empathy , putting yourself in the place of another. 道德观念皆源于此。 这种富有想象力的共鸣, 将可使你与他人进行角色互换。
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; morality:n.道德;品行,美德; imaginative:adj.虚构的;富于想象的;有创造力的; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; in the place of:在…的地方;
And so we have a choice, it seems to me. 在我看来,我们现在有了个选择。
We can either go on bringing out, or emphasizing the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith , or we can go back to the rabbis , Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus , who, when asked by a pagan 我们既可以奉行,或强调 我们信仰中教条和偏执的方面, 抑或可以回到 拉比的时代,拉比希勒尔,出生在比耶酥还早的时代, 当他被一位异教徒要求
emphasizing:v.强调(emphasize的现在分词); dogmatic:adj.教条的;武断的; intolerant:adj.无法忍受的;偏狭的; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数); faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; rabbis:n.(犹太)拉比(对有学识的人的尊称);法学博士(rabbi的复数形式); contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督: pagan:adj.异教的;异教徒的;n.异教徒;无宗教信仰者;
to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg, said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor. 单脚站立着归纳整个犹太教义的时候, 他说:“勿对旁人做出连自己都憎恶之事。
Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的; hateful:adj.可憎的;可恨的;可恶的;
That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary ." 这就是托拉（律法）的全部,余下的都是注释。”
Torah:n.律法;圣经旧约之首五卷; commentary:n.评论;注释;评注;说明;
And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that any interpretation of scripture that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate . 拉比和早期的神父们皆言 任何一种将经文 解释为产生仇恨和轻蔑的释义都是非正统的。
interpretation:n.解释;翻译;演出; scripture:n.(大写)圣经;手稿;(大写)圣经的一句; bred:v.交配繁殖;培育(动植物);孕育;导致;(breed的过去分词和过去式) disdain:n.蔑视;vt.鄙弃; illegitimate:adj.私生的;非法的;不合理的;vt.认做私生子;认为违法;n.非嫡出子;庶子;
And we need to revive that spirit. 我们需要找回那种精神。
revive:vi.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;vt.使复兴;使苏醒;回想起;重演,重播;
And it's not just going to happen because a spirit of love wafts us down. 它不会因我们有了仁爱之心 而就此出现。
wafts:vt.使飘荡;吹送;n.飘荡;吹拂;vi.飘荡;
We have to make this happen, and we can do it with the modern communications that TED has introduced. 我们得让它出现, 我们能做到的 通过TED引用的 现代交流技术。
Already I've been tremendously heartened at the response of all our partners. 我已经从我的伙伴那收到各种各样的回应, 这让我很振奋。
tremendously:adv.非常地;可怕地;惊人地; heartened:v.激励;鼓励;(hearten的过去分词和过去式) response:n.响应;反应;回答;
In Singapore we have a group going to use the Charter to heal divisions recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society, and some members of the parliament want to implement it politically . 在新加坡,有一个小组 正要采用仁爱宪章来消除 新加坡社会新近出现的分歧, 一部分新加坡议会成员则想 从政治上实施仁爱。
Charter:n.章程; v.包租(飞机、船等); heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 divisions:n.分开;分隔;分配;除(法);不和;差异;(division的复数) recently:adv.最近;新近; parliament:n.议会,国会; politically:adv.政治上;
In Malaysia there is going to be an art exhibition in which leading artists are going to be taking people, young people, and showing them that compassion also lies at the root of all art. 马来西亚将会举办一场艺术展览, 届时,顶尖的画家们将会带领 人们,年青的一代, 展示给他们仁爱也根植 于所有的艺术中。
Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities are holding events and discussions, are discussing the centrality of compassion in Islam and in all faiths. 整个欧洲和穆斯林组织 都在举办各种各样的聚会和集会, 讨论伊斯兰教和其他信仰中的 仁爱之心。
Throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch . 但我们不能仅止步于此。不能就这样浅尝辙止。
launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射;
Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong, concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines. 宗教教育才是我们犯错的地方。 它只关注那些晦涩的教条学说。
concentrating:v.集中(注意力);聚精会神;(使)浓缩(concentrate的现在分词) solely:adv.单独地,唯一地;
Religious teaching must always lead to action. 宗教教育总是一定要指向实际的行动。
And I intend to work on this till my dying day. 我愿意至死不渝地为此而努力。
intend:v.打算;计划;想要;
And I want to continue with our partners to do two things -- educate and stimulate compassionate thinking. 我还想和我的伙伴再 做两样事情-- 培养和激发富有仁爱性的思考。
stimulate:v.刺激;激发;促进;激励;
Education because we've so dropped out of compassion. 要教育。因为我们如此地 远离了仁爱。
People often think it simply means feeling sorry for somebody. 人们往往只是简单地认为它就是 同情别人。
But of course you don't understand compassion if you're just going to think about it. 当然你不能领会仁爱的含义, 如果你仅仅是想想罢了。
You also have to do it. 你必须要身体力行。
I want them to get the media involved because the media are crucial in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views we have of other people, which are dividing us from one another. 我想让媒体也参与进来, 因为媒体具有关键的作用 在消除我们看待其他人时所持有的 一些陈旧的观点, 正是这些观点让我们彼此分开。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; dissolve:v.溶;使(固体)溶解;解除;终止;解散;消除;n.(电影、电视等画面的)渐隐 stereotypical:adj.老一套的;陈规的;
The same applies to educators. 这对于教育者也具有同样的作用。
applies:v.适用;申请;运用;专心;(apply的第三人称单数)
I'd like youth to get a sense of the dynamism , the dynamic and challenge of a compassionate lifestyle. 我想让年轻人们知道 富有仁爱的生活方式是 充满活力和挑战的。
dynamism:n.活力;动态;物力论;推动力;精神动力作用; dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的;
And also see that it demands acute intelligence , not just a gooey feeling. 同时也让他们看到这也需要敏锐的智慧, 而不仅仅是一种感伤的情怀。
intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; gooey:adj.胶粘的;感伤的;n.胶粘物;蜜糖;
I'd like to call upon scholars to explore the compassionate theme in their own and in other people's traditions. 我想呼吁学者们 以他们自己和其他人的传统观点来 探讨仁爱这一主题。
call upon:号召;要求;拜访; scholars:n.学者们(scholar的复数); explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
And perhaps above all, to encourage a sensitivity about uncompassionate speaking. 也许最重要的是, 去鼓励（人们）对 肆言詈辱的敏感性。
sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏;
So that because people have this Charter, whatever their beliefs or lack of them, they feel empowered to challenge uncompassionate speech, disdainful remarks 这样一来,因为人们有了这个章法, 无论他们信奉什么,或者他们没有信仰, 他们都会觉的如有神助 可以挑战这种无情的言论, 蔑视这些来自宗教领袖、
empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式) disdainful:adj.轻蔑的;倨傲的;鄙视的; remarks:n.评论(remark的复数);摘要;附注;
from their religious leaders, their political leaders, from the captains of industry. 政治领袖和业界领袖的 肆言。
Because we can change the world, we have the ability. 因为我们能够改变这个世界, 我们有这个能力。
I would never have thought of putting the charter online. 我从未设想过将宪章上传至网络。
I was still stuck in the old world of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room and issuing yet another arcane statement . 我仍旧困于旧世界中, 与一大堆研究人员集聚一室 发表另一种鲜为人知的言论。
old world:adj.古代世界的,古时的;从前的,以前的; bunch:n.群;串;突出物;vi.隆起;打褶;形成一串;vt.使成一串;使打褶; boffins:n.研究员;科学工作者; issuing:n.发行物;争论点;期刊号;v.发行(issue的ing形式);分配;流出; arcane:adj.神秘的;晦涩难解的;秘传的; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
And TED introduced me to a whole new way of thinking, and presenting ideas. 不过TED介绍给我一种全新的, 让我思考和表达我的想法的方式。
Because that is what is so wonderful about TED. 因为那就是TED的奇妙之处。
In this room, all this expertise , if we joined it all together we could change the world. 这个房间内,各行各业的专家们 如果我们能够凝聚在一起, 我们就可以改变这个世界。
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见;
And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable . 当然,有些时候问题看起来是不可逾越的。
insuperable:adj.不能克服的;无敌的;
But I'd just like to quote , finish at the end with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author whom I don't quote very often, 但我想引用一句话以作为结束 一位英国作家的话,一位来自牛津的作家, 我不常引用他的话,
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用;
C.S. Lewis. 他就是C·S·刘易斯。
But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl . 但他有一句话却深深地印在我的脑海中, 当我还是一名小女孩时我所读到的一句话。
schoolgirl:n.女学生;
It's in his book The Four Loves. 这句话来自他的著作《四种爱》。
He said that, he distinguished between erotic love, when two people gaze , spellbound , into each other's eyes. 他说,他区分了爱欲。 当两个人相互对视,着迷地看着对方的眼睛。
distinguished:adj.尊贵的; v.区分; erotic:adj.色情的;性爱的;性欲的;n.好色之徒; gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视; spellbound:adj.被咒语所镇住的;出神的;被迷住的;茫然不知所之的;
And then he compared that to friendship. 然后他将此与友情进行对比。
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
When two people stand side by side , as it were , shoulder to shoulder , with their eyes fixed on a common goal. 当两人肩并肩地站在一起时, 且双方都朝着一个目标努力时,
side by side:adj.并肩的;并行的; as it were:可以说是,似乎就是;好像; shoulder to shoulder:adv.肩并肩地;齐心协力地;
We don't have to fall in love with each other, but we can become friends. 我们不需要爱上对方, 但可以成为好朋友。
fall in love with:爱上......;与......相爱;
And I am convinced . 我深信不疑。
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式)
I felt it very strongly during our little deliberations at Vevey, that when people of all different persuasions come together, working side by side for a common goal, differences melt away . 我强烈地认为 在韦沃的小型审议中, 当怀有不同信仰的人们 来到一起,工作在一起 为了一个共同的目标, 差异就消融了。
deliberations:n.商议(deliberation的复数);审议意见; persuasions:n.说服;说服力;信念;派别; melt away:v.消失;融掉;
And we learn amity . 我们学会了和睦相处。
amity:n.友好;亲善关系;友好关系;
And we learn to live together and to get to know one another. 我们学会了同他人一起生活并了解对方。
Thank you very much. 非常谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）