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KamauGachigi_2017G-_肯亚第一个自造者空间的成功故事_
By the year 2050, the population of Africa will have doubled. 到 2050 年,非洲的人口會加倍。
One in four people on Earth will be African at that point, and this is both really exciting and daunting all at once. 到那時,在地球上, 每四個人中就有一個非洲人, 這個狀況既讓人興奮又讓人怯步。
daunting:adj.令人生畏的:令人胆怯的:v.使胆怯:使失去信心;(daunt的现在分词)
It's really exciting because, for the first time in the modern era , there will be enough Africans on the Earth to bully everybody else. 很讓人興奮的原因是, 這是地球上第一次在摩登時代 有足夠的非洲人來霸凌所有其他人。
era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代; bully:vt.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;n.仗势欺人者;adj.快活的;盛气凌人的;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
I'm only kidding. 我只是開玩笑。
But it's daunting, because we're going to have to have economies that can sustain this population growth, and many of the people are going to be very young. 但之所以讓人怯步, 是因為我們必須要有 能夠維持這種人口成長的經濟, 且那時許多人會是很年輕的人。
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实;
Now most of governments in Africa have a plan for this economic growth -- in Kenya, we call ours Vision2030 -- and they're all predicated on industrialization . 現在非洲大部分的政府 都有經濟成長的因應計畫, 我們肯亞的計畫叫「遠景 2030」。 這些計畫都是根據 工業化的程度所做出來的預測。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; predicated:adj.断言的,断定的;v.断言;断定(predicate的过去式); industrialization:n.工业化;
The thing is, though, that the world is going through the Fourth Industrial Revolution right now, which means that there's a merger of the physical , cyber , and biological worlds. 不過要考慮的是 現在世界正在經歷第四次工業革命, 這表示,物理、網路、 以及生物世界會被合併。
Industrial Revolution:n.工业革命; merger:n.(企业等的)合并;并购;吸收(如刑法中重罪吸收轻罪); physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; cyber:adj.网络的,计算机的; biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
It means that because of massive interconnectivity and the availability of artificial intelligence and robotics , many of the jobs that we know and are used to right now won't exist in the future. 意思是,會因為有大量的 許多我們現在所知道且習慣的工作, 在未來會消失。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; interconnectivity:n.相互连结性;网络连接;互联性; availability:n.可用性;有效性;实用性; artificial intelligence:n.人工智能; robotics:n.机器人学;
So the challenge is a lot greater, in many ways, than it even was when Asia was industrializing , for example. 所以,在許多層面上,挑戰都更大, 大於比如當初亞洲工業化時的挑戰。
industrializing:vt.使工业化;vi.实现工业化;
To add to this, one of the kinds of person that you need for industrialization is an engineer, and they're really in short supply on the continent . 此外,工業化所需要的其中一種人 就是工程師, 而在非洲大陸上,很缺乏工程師。
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
If you compare , for example, the number of engineers that those same Asian countries had a couple of decades ago when they were industrializing, we fall far short. 比如,你如果去比較數十年前 亞洲國家工業化時代的工程師人數, 我們還差一大截。
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较;
And I've taught for a while , and many of the students who are studying engineering end up actually working in auditing firms and banks, and many of them spend half their time doing accounting and so on as they're preparing. 我已經教學一陣子了, 許多攻讀工程的學生 最後卻是在查帳公司或銀行工作, 他們當中很多人用大半的時間 在準備從事會計等相關工作。
for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) auditing:n.审计;[审计]查帐;v.审计;查账(audit的现在分词);
Now, I was fortunate enough to do my undergrad and postgrad education in the UK and the US, in countries, environments, where there was all the equipment that you required, all the sophistication in the systems, and then I worked for about three years in Japan doing R&D for a large firm. 我很幸運,在英國和美國 接受大學和研究所教育, 在這些國家、環境中, 所有你需要的東西都有了, 體制也都夠精密, 接著我在日本工作了約三年, 為一間大公司做研發。
fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的; undergrad:n.大学肄业生;adj.大学生的(等于undergraduate); postgrad:n.研究生; sophistication:n.复杂;诡辩;老于世故;有教养;
And so I was very used to having good equipment, and went back home and joined the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Nairobi, wanting to contribute and be on the continent. 所以我很習慣有好的必要配備, 之後我回到家鄉, 加入奈洛比大學工程系的教職員, 我想有所貢獻並留在非洲大陸。
Faculty:n.科,系;能力;全体教员; contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;
And I quickly found I was really quite useless, because there wasn't all the equipment that I had become accustomed to available. 我很快就發現,我其實無法發揮, 因為我無法取得我以前視為 理所當然的那些必要配備。
accustomed to:习惯于;
And I was teaching students who I would find very bright ideas in their minds and they'd be presenting things that I knew if only we had sufficient equipment, they'd be able to really contribute to the challenge of industrialization. 我教的學生腦中有非常聰明的點子, 從他們簡報的內容 我知道若我們有足夠的必要配備, 這些點子一定能對工業化 遇到的困難有所貢獻。
sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的; contribute to:有助于;捐献;
So I kind of had to change hats, and became quite entrepreneurial and started looking for money to buy the equipment that we required. 所以我得要改變角色,變成企業家, 開始尋找金錢來源 以購買我們需要的配備。
entrepreneurial:adj.企业家的,创业者的;中间商的;
And I heard about a concept out of MIT, called the Fab Labs . 我從麻省理工學院聽到 一個概念,叫「fab labs」,
Labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数)
These are digital fabrication labs that allow, in a rather small space with not very expensive equipment, people to have access to these tools to be able to make almost anything, as the slogan goes. 是數位製造實驗室, 在一個比較小的空間中, 用不太貴的設備, 讓人們能夠取用這些工具, 幾乎想要做什麼都可以, 就如同它的標語。
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; fabrication:n.制造,建造;装配;伪造物; slogan:n.口号;标语;
And so I was able to convince a government official to buy one of these for the university where I was teaching. 所以,我說服了一位政府官員, 為我任教的大學買了一套。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
And immediately, we had wonderful results. 我們立即就有很好的結果。
We saw all kinds of innovations coming through, and for the first time in this context at the university, engineering students from different disciplines were doing the lab and practical exercises together in the same space. 我們看到各種創新嶄露出來, 在我們這所大學的環境中, 來自不同學科的工程學生第一次 能在同一個空間一起 做實驗和實作練習。
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; disciplines:n.[管理]纪律(discipline的复数); v.训导; practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
Normally , they'd be siloed . 通常他們都是獨立作業的。
Normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; siloed:n.筒仓;青贮窖;飞弹发射井;vt.把…存入青贮窖;把…储存在筒仓内;
And not just that, but students who weren't engineers at all were also working in the same place, and non-students , people who had nothing to do with the university, were also coming into this space. 不僅如此,還有完全 與工程無關的學生 也在使用同一個空間, 還有與大學完全無關的非學生人士 也會來用這個空間。
non-students:非学生; had nothing to do with:与…无关;
So you had this rich mix of people, people who think differently from one another, and this always is really good for innovation. 所以這裡有各式各樣的人, 每個人的想法都不同, 對於創新而言,這是很好的現象。
I was really proud of what we were seeing. 對此我感到十分驕傲。
So you can imagine my surprise when one day the dean of engineering came and said to me, "Kamau, the students who spend most of the time in the Fab Lab are failing their exams." 所以,你們可以想像, 有天工學院院長來找我時 我有多驚訝,他說: 「卡冒,把大部分時間花在 Fab Lab 的那些學生 考試沒及格。」
dean:n.院长;系主任;教务长;主持牧师;
I said, "What do you mean?" 我說:「什麼意思？」
And I looked into it, and he was right, and the reason they were failing is that they'd honed their skills so well in certain things that they were going out into the city and offering services for money. 接著我去探究此事,他說的沒錯, 他們沒及格的原因, 他們在某些事物上把 他們的技能鍛鍊得非常好, 讓他們能夠到外地城市 提供服務來賺錢。
honed:adj.磨光的;亚光;v.把…磨光(hone的过去式及过去分词);
So they were making money -- 他們在賺錢,
(Laughter) （笑聲）
and they therefore weren't focusing on their studies. 因此他們不會把專注力放在學業上。
And I thought, what a good problem to have. 我心想,我們遇到的問題好棒啊。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
Don't quote me on that. I'm an academician . 別引述我的話。我是學者。
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; academician:n.院士;大学生;学会会员;大学教师;
So we needed to scale this, and at the university, things were a bit too bureaucratic , and so I moved out and I hooked up with people who, in Nairobi, were providing spaces for IT experts to share fast internet and things like that. 所以,我們得要做些規模調整, 但在大學裡做事總會遇到官僚問題, 所以我搬出去了, 和奈洛比的人搭上線, 他們提供空間給資訊科技專家, 共享快速網路這類東西。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; bureaucratic:adj.官僚的;官僚政治的; hooked:adj.弯曲的; v.(使)钩住,挂住; (hook的过去分词和过去式)
And some of these places are really quite famous. 這些地方當中有些是相當知名的。
They've made Kenya famous for IT. 它們讓肯亞因為資訊科技而聞名。
And together we set up a space which we are setting up right now. 我們一起打造一個空間, 目前正在進行中。
We've moved from where we were. 我們從原地方搬出來。
We are in a much larger space, and we're sort of making available a wide range of equipment, including the digital fabrication tools that I mentioned, and analog tools, to anybody really, on a membership basis. 新的空間大了許多, 我們把各種設備都開放出來, 包括我之前提到的數位製造工具, 還有類比開發工具, 任何人只要加入會員即可使用。
analog:n.[自]模拟;类似物;adj.[自]模拟的;有长短针的; membership:n.成员资格;(统称)会员;会员人数;
It's a bit like a gym, so you come in, you pay, you get taught how to use the equipment, and then you're set free to innovate and do whatever it is that you want, and you don't have to be an engineer, necessarily . 它有點像健身房,你來,付了錢, 就會教你如何用這些設備, 然後你就可以自由去創新, 做任何你想要做的, 你不一定要是個工程師。
innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新;vt.改变;创立;创始;引人; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
And some of the people in the space are setting up a small company. 這空間中的一些人一起成立小公司,
They just need a space at a desk, and so we provide that at a fee, and others take up bigger spaces and are able to set up their offices. 他們只需要一張桌子的空間, 所以我們就收費提供; 其他人需要更大的空間設立辦公室。
They're further along. 他們有所進展。
Maybe their company has been running for a certain period of time. 也許他們的公司 已經營運了一段時間。
And so we're able to accommodate all of this in an innovation space that is really quite active. 所以我們能夠在一個 相當積極的創新空間中提供這一切。
accommodate:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解;vi.适应;调解;
What you're seeing in this image over here is Douglas, and Douglas is an electrical engineer, one of the people who was really active in the Fab Lab. 這張照片上的是道格拉斯, 道格拉斯是電機工程師, 他是在 Fab Lab 中 非常活躍的人之一。
electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的;
I'm pretty sure he passed his exams. 我很確定他考試及格了。
And the image on the top left is a copper sheet . 左上角的圖片是一張銅片。
copper:n.铜;铜币;警察;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的;v.用铜板[铜皮]盖[包]; sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的;
And he designed a circuit that the client came to him and said, "I need this circuit for a pay-as-you-go system." 他是設計電路的, 客戶會去找他然後說: 「我需要這個電路,做預付卡充值系統。」
circuit:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游; client:n.[经]客户;顾客;委托人; pay-as-you-go:n.现收现付制;量入为出;费用发生拨款制;
And so this is a model for business that's made accessibility to goods and services for very poor people really much easier, because they're able to pay a little bit, like a dollar a day, for example, for a specific service. 所以,這是一個商業模型, 讓非常貧窮的人能用更容易的 方式來取得商品和服務, 因為他們能夠一次支付一點點, 比如一天支付一塊錢, 來取得某種服務。
accessibility:n.易接近;可亲;可以得到; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
And so this company wanted to pilot a new idea that they had, and so they just needed 50 circuits , so they hired him to make them, and what you're seeing him doing there is, 所以,這間公司想要 測試他們的一個新點子, 所以,他們只需要五十組電路, 他們僱用他來做這些電路, 你們在照片中看到他在做的,
circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数)
he's able to design on the computer what the circuit will be and then transfer it to an etching process -- that's the image on the top right -- and then populate the board using this robot. 他可以在用電腦上設計電路圖, 然後把它傳送到蝕刻機, 就是右上角的圖片, 然後用這個機器人來做板上組裝。
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移; etching:n.蚀刻; v.蚀刻; (etch的现在分词) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; populate:vt.居住于;构成人口;移民于;殖民于;
And so what would normally take him maybe a day or something to solder by hand, he can do in a few minutes using this machine. 如果他用手焊接, 正常可能要一天的時間, 用這台機器,只要幾分鐘就能完成。
solder:vi.焊接;vt.焊接;使联接在一起;n.焊料;接合物;
So he was able to complete the entire order within Gearbox , and this is really important, because if it wasn't for what we provided right now, he would have had to have hired a company in China to do this, and because it's such a small order, it would have taken a long time. 所以,他在 Gearbox 中 就能完成整張訂單, 這點非常重要, 因為,要不是有我們 現在提供的這些東西, 他就得要僱用一間 在中國的公司來做這件事, 因為這張訂單很小, 會要花很長的時間。
Gearbox:n.变速箱;齿轮箱; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
It would be a small company, because big companies wouldn't take small orders, and even then, if they got a bigger order, they'd bump him off in favor of that. 接單的會是家小公司, 因為大公司不會接小訂單, 儘管如此,若這間小公司接到 更大的訂單,就會棄他而去。
bump:n.肿块,隆起物;撞击;v.碰撞,撞击;颠簸而行;adv.突然地,猛烈地;
And there's language problems and so on, so being able to do it in country is really very important, and of course piloting as a phase within the progress of the business idea is extremely important, because you can go back and make corrections and so on. 另外還有語言問題等等, 所以,能在國內製作非常重要, 當然,在商業點子的發展過程中, 測試階段是極度重要的, 因為你能夠回頭再去做修正等等。
phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地;
In this image -- Thank you. 在這張圖中——謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）
In this image you see on the top left, what you're looking at is a 3D render of a digital fabrication machine. 在這張圖中,請看左上角, 你們所看到的,是一台 3D 的數位製造研磨機器。
render:v.提供;给予;提交;翻译;n.粉刷;[建](墙壁的)初涂;抹灰;精制油;
In this instance , it doubles as a plasma cutter and also a wood router . 這個例子同時是等離子切割機 和木工雕刻機。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; plasma:n.[等离子]等离子体;血浆;[矿物]深绿玉髓; cutter:n.刀具,切割机;切割者;裁剪者; router:n.[计]路由器;刳刨者;
And so the plasma cutter makes possible the cutting of plate and sheet metal, and basically , you make a design on the computer and send it over to the machine, and then quickly and precisely, it will cut the shapes you want. 所以,有等離子切割機 就可以切割金屬板及金屬片, 基本上,你在電腦上做設計, 把它送到這台機器, 它接著就會快速且精確地 切出你要的形狀。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
But in this machine, you can also change the plasma cutter and put on a spindle , and then you can carve wood as well. 但在這台機器中, 你也可以改變等離子 切割機,只要裝上一個軸承, 你就能夠雕刻木頭了。
spindle:n.轴; adj.锭子的,锭子似的; vt.装锭子于; vi.长得细长,变细长; carve:vt.雕刻;切开;开创;vi.切开;做雕刻工作;
So this was designed by my Head of Engineering. 這是由我的工程組長所設計的。
His name is Wachira, and when I hired him about two years ago, 他的名字叫瓦希拉, 我兩年前僱用他時,
I asked him, "Just give me two years, and by the time you've trained a lot of people so that we have good staff under you, then you can move out and become a good story for us." 我這樣請求他:「給我兩年, 到時後,你就已經訓練出了很多人, 你底下就會有很好的組員, 接著你就可以出去創業, 為我們成為一個好的故事。」
And that's exactly what's just happened. 而實際發生的狀況就是這樣。
He's got two types of customers. 他有兩種類型的客人。
The higher-tier customer is a company that's actually using his machine to cut sheet metal for Isuzu truck fabrication in Nairobi, which is being done by General Motors. 比較高階層的客人 是一間公司,用他的機器 在奈洛比為合眾汽車 切割卡車用的金屬板, 之前都是通用汽車公司製造的。
So we're really proud to be able to say that we have an original equipment manufacturer in Nairobi that's provided what's effectively an industrial robot to supply parts for General Motors. 所以我們可以很驕傲的說, 我們在奈洛比有一間 原廠設備製造商, 這台工業等級的機器人, 能提供零件給通用汽車公司。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; manufacturer:n.生产商;生产者;制造者;
Now this is really important -- 這點非常重要,
(Applause) （掌聲）
and it's really important because the population growth being what it is, a lot of very large companies are looking very closely at the market that's developing in Africa. 這點非常重要,因為已經可以看到 未來的人口成長狀況, 許多大公司都非常關注 非洲市場的發展。
So in Kenya right now, we have Volkswagen , Peugeot , Renault, we have Mercedes doing lorries , and we've also got Toyota, they've been there a long time. 所以,現在在肯亞就有 福斯、寶獅,和雷諾汽車, 還有賓士在做大型運貨卡車, 我們還有豐田, 他們在這裡已經很久了。
Volkswagen:n.大众汽车(财富500强公司之一); Peugeot:n.法国标致(法国汽车公司); lorries:n.卡车(lorry的复数形式);
And these are all manufacturers planning to assemble vehicles and in the future, to manufacture in the country. 這些都是製造商, 打算要在這個國家組裝汽車, 在未來還要製造汽車。
manufacturers:n.生产者;制造者;生产商;(manufacturer的复数) assemble:vt.集合,聚集;装配;收集;vi.集合,聚集; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
Many of them are planning to train lots of people that they'd hire, and that's really important for the economy , but when the magic really happens, when these companies begin to buy their parts for the vehicles from local companies, 他們之中有許多 計劃要培訓他們所僱用的很多人, 這對經濟是很重要的, 但魔法真正發生的時候, 是這些公司開始向當地的公司 購買他們所需的汽車零件,
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
so supply chain development is something that's very important for us to be able to pivot and to have very productive economies, and that's something we're focused on at our space. 所以,供應鏈的發展相當重要, 讓我們能夠成為中樞, 並擁有非常具生產力的經濟, 這也是我們實驗室 目前正在聚焦的重點。
supply chain:n.供应链; pivot:n.枢轴; vt.以…为中心旋转; vi.在枢轴上转动; adj.枢轴的; productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
This other image shows another class of customer that he has. 另一張圖是他的另一類客人。
On the top left, you have these people who are actually using very crude tools to work metal and wood. 在左上的圖中, 這些人用非常簡陋的工具 在處理金屬和木頭。
crude:adj.粗略的;简略的;大概的;粗糙的;n.原油;石油;
And Kenya has a population of about 44 million people. 肯亞的人口約是 4400 萬人。
The work force is about 13 million, and about 80 to 90 percent of those are in the informal sector . 勞動力約是 1300 萬人, 其中有 80~90% 都在非正式部門。
informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的; sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形;
And what you're seeing in the image at the top left over there is very typical of semi-skilled artisans who are making products for the marketplace that are really crude. 在左上圖所看到的, 就是非常典型的半熟練工匠, 他們在為市場製造產品, 這些工具非常簡陋。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; semi-skilled:adj.半熟练的; artisans:n.[劳经]工匠;技工(artisan的复数形式); marketplace:n.市场;集市;
Their production rate is very slow. 他們生產的速度非常緩慢。
The quality of the product isn't high. 產品的品質也不高。
And so we've teamed Wachira up with a bank, and the bank is paying him to train people from this sector on how to use this industrial robot. 所以我們讓瓦希拉與一間銀行合作, 銀行付錢給他訓練這部門的人, 教他們使用這個工業機器人。
And the result is that some of them are going to be able to get loans to buy the machine for themselves. 結果是,當中有些人 能自己透過貸款來買這台機器。
Others will be able to go to centers where they can carry their material, get the design done, and take the materials back that have been made really, really fast and assemble them in their own spaces. 其他人則是可以把自己的 素材帶到中心去, 完成設計, 然後帶回非常非常快就做出的材料, 在他們自己的地方做組裝。
So somebody making a gate, for example, out of metal, may take a week to make just one gate, but with this machine, they might make 10 in a day. 所以,比如,有人要用金屬做閘門, 光一扇閘門可能就要花一週, 但有了這台機器,一天能做十扇。
So the productivity of a large swathe of our population should be able to jump by a quantum amount, quite significantly , because of this kind of machine. 所以,我們很大一部分人口的 生產力總量應該能夠有顯著的跳升, 因為這種機器的緣故。
productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; swathe:vt.包围;紧绑;裹;n.带子,绷带;包装品; quantum:n.量子论;额;美国昆腾公司(世界领先的硬盘生产商); significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
And that's what we're at the beginning of , so this is really very exciting. 我們現在只在開端而已, 所以這很讓人興奮。
at the beginning of:在…的开始;
This is another person who uses our space. 這是我們實驗室的另一位使用者。
Her name is Esther. 她的名字叫艾瑟。
She's in her mid-20s, and she came in very passionate about a problem that she explained. 才二十五歲上下, 她非常熱衷解決 一個問題,她解釋說,
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
She said that schools days are missed every month by young girls because of their menstrual cycle, and they're not able to buy a sanitary towel . 年輕女孩每個月都會錯過上學日, 因為碰到經期, 而她們沒辦法買衛生巾。
menstrual:adj.月经的;每月的;一月一次的; sanitary towel:n.卫生巾;
And the reason that she described was that the manufacturers packaged these in bundles of seven to 10, and breaking it down is unhygienic at the retail level, and packaging each one of them is too expensive. 她說,原因是因為, 製造商把衛生巾 7~10 組做成一包, 基於衛生理由, 零售商無法將之拆開來賣, 每一組單獨一個包裝又太昂貴。
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) bundles:[解剖]束; unhygienic:adj.不卫生的;不健康的; retail:vt.零售;转述;vi.零售;n.零售;adv.以零售方式;adj.零售的;
So she thought up an idea, which is brilliant, and simple. 她想出了一個簡單又聰明的點子。
Why don't we just use vending machines? 為什麼不用販賣機呢？
vending:v.贩卖,出售;(vend的现在分词)
And she, in a very clean environment, can break down the bundles and fill up the vending machines, and then girls can buy these sanitary towels in the privacy of a toilet, in a public space, in a school, and so on. 她可以在一個非常乾淨的 環境中把包裝拆開, 放到販賣機當中, 女孩們就能購買這些衛生巾, 販賣機可放在廁所較有隱私, 或在公共空間,學校裡等等。
privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
She was able to pilot this and it worked really very well, and she's been able to sort of get the bugs out and so on. 她做了測試,效果相當好, 接著她把漏洞都修正好等等。
bugs:n.缺陷;虫子;窃听器;(bug的复数)v.窃听;使烦恼;(bug的第三人称单数)
So the significance here is that the piloting process is possible. 這裡的重點是, 測試過程是行得通的。
significance:n.意义;重要性;意思;
She's not an engineer. 她不是工程師。
She was able to engage people in our space to be able to help her to do this, and she's off and running now with a business accelerator , so we expect to see great results. 她能到我們的實驗室裡找人 來協助她完成這件事, 加上企業育成的幫忙, 現在她已經上路了, 我們預期會有很好的結果。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; accelerator:n.油门;催化剂;[机]加速装置;
(Applause) （掌聲）
In this image you're looking at -- the result of a master's project that was done at University of Nairobi by Tony Nyagah, an engineering student, and he just integrated a solar cell into a roof tile and decided to make it a business. 各位現在看到的這張照片, 這是一個奈洛比大學的 碩士專案計畫, 由工程學生東尼亞加所做, 他把太陽能板整合到屋頂瓦片上, 並決定把它變成一項事業。
integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) solar cell:光电管; tile:n.地砖;瓦片;(棋盘游戏的)棋子;v.铺瓦;铺地砖;贴瓷砖;平铺显示;
He joined up with his sister who is an architect , and they have this business, and they present the roof tile to a person who is doing development and say, "You can buy it for the cost of just the roof tile without the solar." 他和他的建築師妹妹合作, 他們經營這項事業, 他們把屋頂瓦片展示給一個 做開發的人看,並說: 「用沒有太陽能功能的瓦片價格 就可以買到它。」
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
So they're giving it at a discount , and then they'll build them using the internet of things over time, they'll pay about a third of the utility charges for the electricity and they can sell the excess back to the grid . 所以他們打折出售, 之後,他們會用物聯網的方式來建造電網, 為了發電,她們要支付 大約三分之一的設備費用, 之後,她們就能把多餘的電力 賣回給電網。
at a discount:打折扣;(货物等的)跌价;无销路;不受欢迎;折价发行;低于正常价格;不受重视; utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的; grid:n.网格;格子,栅格;输电网;
And so they'll make their money over time, and they've been able to do quite a few installments . 所以,經過一段時間,她們就可以賺錢, 她們已經做了好幾個案件。
quite a few:不少,相当多; installments:n.[会计]分期付款(installment的复数形式);
We were very proud to be able to show this to somebody kind of famous, as you can see there, and this other famous guy actually presented the same idea, 我們非常驕傲,能將這成果 呈現給蠻有名的人看, 從圖上可以看見, 這是另一個有名的傢伙, 他也提出同樣的點子,
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
but as far as we're concerned , if it was after us, so -- 但依我們的看法, 這是在我們之後,所以——
as far as:至于…; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词)
(Laughter) （笑聲）
(Applause) （掌聲）
So in closing, going forward, of course being able to prototype and do low manufacturing in this kind of a setting is very important for the industrialization process, 所以,做個總結,當然,能夠做原型 並做低成本的製造,在這種環境中, 對於工業化過程是非常重要的,
prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
but we're also taking advantage of a lot of new ways of doing things: the open source movement, distributive manufacturing, circular production. 但我們也受益於許多新的做法: 開放原始碼運動、 分佈式製造、循環式生產。
advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; distributive:adj.分配的;分布的;分发的;n.[语]分配词; circular:adj.圆形的; n.(同时送达很多人的)印刷信函(或通知、广告);
So it's all very important for not just industrializing and being able to meet people's needs, but also making sure that the environment is taken care of. 這些都很重要,不只是在工業化 以及滿足人們的需求上, 也要確保環境有被顧慮到。
We're also really interested in culture. 我們也對文化非常感興趣。
We have lots of discussions in our space around who we were as Africans, who we are today, and who we want to be vis-à-vis things like consumerism and ethnicity and corruption and so on. 在我們的實驗室中,有很多討論 關於我們非洲人的身份、 我們現今的身份, 及我們想要成為什麼人, 關於消費主義、 種族淵源、腐敗等等。
consumerism:n.保护消费者利益运动;用户至上主义; ethnicity:n.种族划分; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
So we see ourselves as providing, adding value to people by teaching them to add value to things or materials so that they can build things that matter. 我們認為我們是在提供加值給人們, 教導他們在東西或材料上加值, 讓他們能建立出有意義的東西。
Thank you very much for your attention. 非常謝謝你們的聆聽。
(Applause) （掌聲）
Thank you. 謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）