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JustinDavidson_2017S-_为何闪亮的玻璃高楼对城市生活有害_
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| Imagine that when you walked in here this evening, you discovered that everybody in the room looked almost exactly the same: ageless , raceless, generically good-looking . |
想象一下当你在今晚步入这里时 你发现所有在场的人 看上去几乎都一模一样 没有年龄和种族的区别 而且个个天生丽质 |
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ageless:adj.永恒的;不老的; generically:adv.一般地;属类地; good-looking:adj.好看的;美貌的;
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| That person sitting right next to you might have the most idiosyncratic inner life, but you don't have a clue because we're all wearing the same blank expression all the time. |
那个坐在你右手边的人 他的内心世界可能极其怪僻 而你却根本看不出来 因为我们始终都是同样面无表情 |
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idiosyncratic:adj.特质的;特殊的;异质的; inner:n.内部;射中接近靶心部分的一发;adj.里面的;向内的;内部的;接近中心的; clue:n.提示;迹象;(纵横填字谜、游戏或问题的)提示词语;v.提示;为…提供线索; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
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| That is the kind of creepy transformation that is taking over cities, only it applies to buildings, not people. |
这就是正在城市中 发生着的诡异转变 只不过不是对公众 而是建筑 |
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creepy:adj.令人毛骨悚然的;爬行的; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; applies:v.适用;申请;运用;专心;(apply的第三人称单数)
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| Cities are full of roughness and shadow, texture and color. |
城市中遍布粗糙与阴影 但也有和谐与色彩 |
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roughness:n.粗糙(度);粗暴;猛烈;篷乱毛发;未加工; texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质;
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| You can still find architectural surfaces of great individuality and character in apartment buildings in Riga and Yemen, social housing in Vienna, |
你仍然能够在里加和也门 这些地区的公寓楼房中 找到极具个性的 外表设计 维也纳的社会住房 |
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architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的; individuality:n.个性;个人;个人特征;个人的嗜好(通常复数); social housing:n.社会福利住房(英国由地方政府或其他机构提供的低价或低租金住房);
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| Hopi villages in Arizona , brownstones in New York, wooden houses in San Francisco. |
亚利桑那的霍皮村落 纽约的赤褐色砂石建筑 旧金山的木屋 |
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Arizona:n.美国亚利桑那州; brownstones:n.赤褐色砂石; (brownstone的复数); wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的
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| These aren't palaces or cathedrals . |
它们既不是宫殿 也不是大教堂 |
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cathedrals:教堂;
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| These are just ordinary residences expressing the ordinary splendor of cities. |
它们只是一些展现各自城市魅力的普普通通的住宅房 |
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residences:n.住宅(residence的复数);居住; expressing:v.表示;表达;表露;显而易见;(express的现在分词) splendor:n.光彩;壮丽;显赫;
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| And the reason they're like that is that the need for shelter is so bound up with the human desire for beauty. |
这些房屋之所以会千奇百丽正是因为 人们生存本能中所附带的 对美（生活）的追求 |
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bound up with:与…关系密切;
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| Their rough surfaces give us a touchable city. |
那些粗糙的表面带给了我们一个触手可及的城市 |
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touchable:adj.可触的;可使感动的;可食用的;
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| Right? Streets that you can read by running your fingers over brick and stone. |
当你的手指拂过街边的 一砖一瓦时 你仿佛走进了 |
| But that's getting harder to do, because cities are becoming smooth. |
小巷深处的记忆 但这样的机会已经越来越少了 |
| New downtowns sprout towers that are almost always made of concrete and steel and covered in glass. |
因为城市正在变得光滑 高塔在市中心拔地而起 但却几乎全是有着被玻璃覆盖表面的 钢筋混凝土 |
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downtowns:adv.往闹市区;在市区;adj.市中心的;n.市中心区;三分线以外; sprout:v.发芽;生长;出现;(使)涌现出;n.新芽;嫩枝; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
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| You can look at skylines all over the world — |
看看世界各地的城市天际线吧—— |
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skylines:n.地平线;空中轮廓线;架空索;vt.天空映衬出…的轮廓;
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| Houston , |
休斯顿 |
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Houston:n.休斯顿(美国得克萨斯州港市);
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| Guangzhou, and you see the same army of high-gloss robots marching over the horizon . |
广州 你会看见那些一模一样的 高抛光机器人大军 正在水平面上前行 |
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horizon:n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围;
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| Now, just think of everything we lose when architects stop using the full range of available materials. |
现在 让我们想想 当建筑师们 不再使用那么多可用的材料时,我们将失去的一切 |
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architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
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| When we reject granite and limestone and sandstone and wood and copper and terra-cotta and brick and wattle and plaster , we simplify architecture and we impoverish cities. |
当我们抛弃了 花岗岩 石灰岩 砂岩 木材 铜片 陶瓦和砖 篱枝或是石膏 我们简化了这些建筑 我们抛光了整个城市 |
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reject:v.排斥;拒收;拒绝接受;不予考虑;n.废品;次品;不合格者;被剔除者; granite:n.花岗岩;坚毅;冷酷无情; limestone:n.[岩]石灰岩; sandstone:n.[岩]砂岩;沙岩; copper:n.铜;铜币;警察;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的;v.用铜板[铜皮]盖[包]; terra-cotta:n.赤土陶器;赤陶土;棕橙色; wattle:n.板条,编条; adj.板条的; vt.用编条做成; plaster:n.石膏;灰泥;膏药;v.减轻;粘贴;涂以灰泥;敷以膏药;使平服; simplify:vt.简化;使单纯;使简易; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; impoverish:vt.使贫穷;使枯竭;
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| It's as if you reduced all of the world's cuisines down to airline food. |
这就好比把世界各地的美食 简化成飞机餐 |
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cuisines:菜肴;烹饪;烹饪法(cuisine的名词复数); airline:n.航空公司;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Chicken or pasta ? |
鸡肉和通心粉二选一 |
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pasta:n.意大利面食;面团;
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| But worse still, assemblies of glass towers like this one in Moscow suggest a disdain for the civic and communal aspects of urban living. |
但是更槽糕的是 那些像是在莫斯科的 这种玻璃高楼的组合 其实暗含着一种对于 城市社会生活的歧视 |
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assemblies:n.装配;程序集;集会;衣片(assembly的复数形式); disdain:n.蔑视;vt.鄙弃; civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的; communal:adj.公共的;公社的; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数); urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
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| Right? Buildings like these are intended to enrich their owners and tenants , but not necessarily the lives of the rest of us, those of us who navigate the spaces between the buildings. |
像这样的建筑都成为了 招揽开发商或是入驻公司的手段 而它们对于每天穿行其中的我们来说 却没有太多存在的意义 |
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intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) enrich:v.充实;使丰富;使富有;使富裕; tenants:n.房客;居住者(tenant的复数形式);v.租借(tenant的第三人称单数); necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空;
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| And we expect to do so for free. |
而我们正在自觉接受这样免费的存在 |
| Shiny towers are an invasive species and they are choking our cities and killing off public space. |
亮晶晶的高塔是一种入侵物种 而它们的存在窒息了我们的城市 也碾压了我们的公共空间 |
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Shiny:adj.闪亮的;光亮的;反光的;有光泽的; invasive:adj.侵略性的;攻击性的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; choking:adj.窒息的;闭紧的;v.(使)窒息;使停止呼吸;说不出话来;(choke的现在分词)
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| We tend to think of a facade as being like makeup , a decorative layer applied at the end to a building that's effectively complete. |
我们趋向于把建筑的外表 当作被粉饰的门面 最后附上的装饰层 会让建筑看起来很完整 |
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facade:n.正面;表面;外观; makeup:n.化妆品;组成;补充;补考; decorative:adj.装饰性的;装潢用的; layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
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| But just because a facade is superficial doesn't mean it's not also deep. |
但是一个轻薄的外表 并不意味着建筑本身没有深度 |
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superficial:adj.表面的;肤浅的;表面文章的;外表的;(人)浅薄的;
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| Let me give you an example of how a city's surfaces affect the way we live in it. |
我来举个例子看看 一个城市的外观是如何 影响人们生活方式的吧 |
| When I visited Salamanca in Spain, |
当我去拜访位于西班牙的萨拉曼卡的时候 |
| I gravitated to the Plaza Mayor at all hours of the day. |
我被那里的马约尔广场深深吸引 于是一整天都呆在了那儿 |
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gravitated:v.被吸引到;受吸引而参加(gravitate的过去分词和过去式) Plaza:n.广场;市场,购物中心; Mayor:n.市长;镇长;
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| Early in the morning, sunlight rakes the facades , sharpening shadows, and at night, lamplight segments the buildings into hundreds of distinct areas, balconies and windows and arcades , each one a separate pocket of visual activity. |
清晨 阳光撒向整个建筑 留下清晰的阴影 到了傍晚时分 灯光将楼房分割成了 数百个截然不同的小区域 阳台 窗户 还有走廊 都造就了各自独特的视觉区 |
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sunlight:n.日光; rakes:n.耙子(rake的复数);铲爬贝类; facades:n.外立面(facade的复数); sharpening:n.加强; v.加强; adj.打磨的; lamplight:n.灯光;灯火; segments:n.片段; v.把…分割成段; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; balconies:n.阳台;露台;(戏院)包厢(balcony的复数形式); arcades:n.拱形游廊;拱形图饰(arcade的复数形式); visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的;
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| That detail and depth, that glamour gives the plaza a theatrical quality. |
那些细节 深度和它所带来的魅力 赋予了整个广场以大剧场的视觉效果 |
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glamour:n.魅力,魔力;迷人的美;vt.迷惑,迷住; theatrical:adj.戏剧性的;剧场的,戏剧的;夸张的;做作的;
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| It becomes a stage where the generations can meet. |
它变成了一个 无论男女老少都可以邂逅的舞台 |
| You have teenagers sprawling on the pavers , seniors monopolizing the benches, and real life starts to look like an opera set. |
你会看见少年躺在路边 老年人垄断长椅 那真实的生活就像是 戏剧里所布景的那样 |
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sprawling:adj.蔓生的,不规则地伸展的; v.(手脚)不自然地伸开; pavers:n.铺路工;铺路材料(paver的复数); seniors:n.年长者,老年人;资历较深的人(senior的复数形式); monopolizing:v.垄断;得到…的专利权;(monopolize的现在分词) opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本;
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| The curtain goes up on Salamanca. |
这就是关于萨拉曼卡的全貌 |
| So just because I'm talking about the exteriors of buildings, not form, not function, not structure , even so those surfaces give texture to our lives, because buildings create the spaces around them, and those spaces can draw people in or push them away. |
好了 我们讨论的是一个建筑的外观 不是它的组成 功能或是结构 但仅仅就是这些外观 给我们的生活带来了触动 因为建筑创新了周围的空间环境 这些空间环境可以吸引人们聚集其间 |
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exteriors:adj.外部的;表面的;外在的;n.外部;表面;外型;外貌; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
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| And the difference often has to do with the quality of those exteriors. |
或是将人们驱逐 而这些差距往往就是 |
| So one contemporary equivalent of the Plaza Mayor in Salamanca is the Place de la Défense in Paris, a windswept , glass-walled open space that office workers hurry through on the way from the metro to their cubicles but otherwise spend as little time in as possible. |
由建筑外观的质量决定的 说一个与萨拉曼卡的马约尔广场 相较衡的现代广场巴黎的协和广场 一个大风贯通,被玻璃墙围绕的开放空间 办公室白领会迅速从中通过 从地铁站直奔属于他们的办公室 除此之外 他们也会尽可能的 少花时间呆在里面 |
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contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; windswept:adj.被风吹的;暴露在风中的;风刮的; metro:地铁 cubicles:[建]小卧室;
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| In the early 1980s, the architect Philip Johnson tried to recreate a gracious |
在上世纪80年代初期 一个叫做Philip Johnson的建筑师 曾尝试在匹兹堡 |
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recreate:vt.再现;再创造 gracious:adj.亲切的;高尚的;和蔼的;雅致的;int.天哪;哎呀;
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| European plaza in Pittsburgh . |
重塑一个优雅的欧式广场 |
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Pittsburgh:n.匹兹堡(美国一座城市);
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| This is PPG Place, a half acre of open space encircled by commercial buildings made of mirrored glass. |
这就是PPG Place（地点名称） 半英亩空地就这样 被由玻璃组成的 商业建筑包围着 |
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encircled:v.环绕;围绕;包围;(encircle的过去分词和过去式) commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
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| And he ornamented those buildings with metal trim and bays and Gothic turrets which really pop on the skyline. |
他运用了金属镶边 间隔排架 还有哥特式的塔楼设计 这些使得整栋建筑确实冲破了天际线 |
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ornamented:花式字体的; trim:v.修剪;整理;装点;削减;n.修剪;整齐;情形;adj.整齐的; Gothic:adj.哥特式的;野蛮的;n.哥特式; turrets:炮塔;转台;
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| But at ground level, the plaza feels like a black glass cage. |
但是从平地的角度来看 整个广场就好像一个黑色的玻璃笼子 |
| I mean, sure, in summertime kids are running back and forth through the fountain and there's ice-skating in the winter, but it lacks the informality of a leisurely hangout . |
我的意思是是的 在夏日的午后 孩子们还是会在喷泉的周围来回跑动 冬天还是会在这里滑冰 但是却少了这种娱乐的休闲与自在 |
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summertime:n.夏季; back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的; fountain:n.喷泉,泉水;源泉; ice-skating:滑冰;溜冰(ice-skate的现在分词) informality:n.非正式;不拘礼节; leisurely:adj.悠闲的;从容的;adv.悠闲地;从容不迫地; hangout:n.巢穴,(流氓)住所;v.故意泄露;
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| It's just not the sort of place you really want to just hang out and chat. |
这个广场的确不是那种 会让你想去聚会畅谈的地方 |
| Public spaces thrive or fail for many different reasons. |
这些公共空间的成功与失败 取决于很多不同的原因 |
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thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达;
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| Architecture is only one, but it's an important one. |
建筑虽然只是其中一方面 但却也是极其重要的一方面 |
| Some recent plazas like Federation Square in Melbourne or Superkilen in Copenhagen succeed because they combine old and new, rough and smooth, neutral and bright colors, and because they don't rely excessively on glass. |
一些最近新建的广场 比如墨尔本的联邦广场 或是哥本哈根的Superkilen线性公园 它们的成功源于它们结合了古朴与新潮 粗糙与光滑 色彩的中性与明亮 并且它们没有过分依赖玻璃 |
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plazas:n.广场;市场,购物中心; Federation:n.联合;联邦;联盟;联邦政府; Melbourne:n.墨尔本(澳大利亚一座城市); Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都); neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的; excessively:adv.过分地;极度;
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| Now, I'm not against glass. |
我并不是反对使用玻璃 |
| It's an ancient and versatile material. |
玻璃毕竟是一种古老且通用性强的材料 |
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versatile:adj.多才多艺的;通用的,万能的;多面手的;
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| It's easy to manufacture and transport and install and replace and clean. |
它们易于大量生产 运输 安装 替换 和清洁 |
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manufacture:v.(用机器)大量生产; n.大量制造; transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放; install:v.安装;设置;安置;建立(程序);
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| It comes in everything from enormous , ultraclear sheets to translucent bricks. |
无论是巨大的超洁净面板 还是简单的透明砖 都有玻璃的存在 |
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enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数) translucent:adj.透明的;半透明的;
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| New coatings make it change mood in the shifting light. |
新式涂层能够让它们在光照的变化中 变换色调 |
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coatings:n.[涂料]涂料,[涂料]涂层;镀膜加工(coating的复数形式); mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
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| In expensive cities like New York, it has the magical power of being able to multiply real estate values by allowing views, which is really the only commodity that developers have to offer to justify those surreal prices. |
在像纽约这样的高消费城市 玻璃拥有神奇的能力 通过扩大视觉空间 使房地产价格轻松翻倍 而玻璃也是开发商唯一能够用来 对离奇高的地产价格做出解释的理由 |
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multiply:vt.乘; vi.乘; v.多样地; adj.多层的; real estate:n.房地产;不动产; commodity:n.商品,货物;日用品; developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); justify:v.证明合法;整理版面;替…辩护; surreal:adj.超现实主义的;离奇的;不真实的;
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| In the middle of the 19th century, with the construction of the Crystal Palace in London, glass leapt to the top of the list of quintessentially modern substances . |
在19世纪中期 伴随着伦敦水晶宫的建成 玻璃一跃到了 标准现代化材料清单的榜首 |
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construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; Crystal:n.水晶; adj.晶莹的; leapt:v.跳跃(leap的过去分词); quintessentially:adv.典型地;标准地; substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数);
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| By the mid-20th century, it had come to dominate the downtowns of some American cities, largely through some really spectacular office buildings like Lever House in midtown Manhattan, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. |
到了20世纪中期 玻璃主要通过这些壮观的写字楼 主导了美国部分城市的市中心 像是在曼哈顿的由Skidmore Owings 和Merrill三人设计的利华大厦 |
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dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; spectacular:adj.壮观的;壮丽的;令人惊叹的;n.壮观的场面;精彩的表演; Lever:n.杠杆;控制杆;v.用杠杆撬动;把…作为杠杆; midtown:n.市中心区;商业区和住宅区的中间地区;adj.市中心区的;位于市中心区的;
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| Eventually , the technology advanced to the point where architects could design structures so transparent they practically disappear . |
直到最后 科技进步到达了一种 使建筑师们能够让设计结构透明到 看不见的地步 |
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Eventually:adv.最后,终于; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; practically:adv.实际地;几乎;事实上; disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在;
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| And along the way, glass became the default material of the high-rise city, and there's a very powerful reason for that. |
在这个过程中 玻璃成为了高楼耸立的 城市中的默认材料 其实这些改变的背后 有着强大的理由来支持 |
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default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行; high-rise:adj.高楼的;超高层的;n.高楼;大厦;
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| Because as the world's populations converge on cities, the least fortunate pack into jerry-built shantytowns . |
因为世界人口都聚集于城市之中 最穷的那批人会住进 偷工减料建造的棚户区当中 |
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converge:vt.使汇聚;vi.聚集;靠拢;收敛; fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的; shantytowns:n.棚户区(shantytown的复数);
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| But hundreds of millions of people need apartments and places to work in ever-larger buildings, so it makes economic sense to put up towers and wrap them in cheap and practical curtain walls. |
而数以亿计的人 还是会需要越来越高大的 公寓和办公楼 所以从经济角度考虑 建立高塔并用便宜且实用的 玻璃帘幕作为墙壁的举措是完全合理的 |
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economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; wrap:v.缠绕;隐藏;掩护;包起来;缠绕;穿外衣;n.外套;围巾;
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| But glass has a limited ability to be expressive . |
但是玻璃的表现力 毕竟是有局限的 |
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limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) expressive:adj.表现的;有表现力的;表达…的;
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| This is a section of wall framing a plaza in the pre-Hispanic city of Mitla, in southern Mexico. |
这是在墨西哥南部 前西班牙城米特拉 一个广场外墙的一部分 |
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framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词)
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| Those 2,000-year-old carvings make it clear that this was a place of high ritual significance . |
这些历经2000年的雕纹 让这里看起来充满了宗教仪式气息 |
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carvings:n.雕刻品(carving的复数); ritual:n.仪式;惯例;礼制;adj.仪式的;例行的;礼节性的; significance:n.意义;重要性;意思;
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| Today we look at those and we can see a historical and textural continuity between those carvings, the mountains all around and that church which is built on top of the ruins using stone plundered from the site . |
现今,当我们看向这些建筑 我们能够清晰地感受到 四周的山脉和 取材于当地的石材并建造于废墟之上的教堂之间 为历史与构造留存的一脉相承的连续性 |
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historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; textural:adj.组织的;结构的; continuity:n.连续性;一连串;分镜头剧本; ruins:n.遗迹(ruin的复数形式);废墟;v.毁灭(ruin的三单形式); plundered:v.抢劫,掠夺;(plunder的过去式和过去分词) site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
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| In nearby Oaxaca,even ordinary plaster buildings become canvasses for bright colors, political murals and sophisticated graphic arts . |
在附近的瓦哈卡即使是普通的石膏建筑 也会成为丰富多姿的 色彩表达 政治壁画 或是复杂精美的图案艺术的画布 |
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nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; canvasses:vt.细究;彻底检查;向…拉票或拉生意;vi.游说;拉选票;n.讨论;细查;劝诱; murals:n.[建]壁画;[建]壁饰(mural的复数); sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; graphic arts:平面艺术(含版画与刻印等);形象艺术;
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| It's an intricate , communicative language that an epidemic of glass would simply wipe out. |
这些错综复杂的 具有交流性的语言 会因玻璃的盛行而被轻松抹杀 |
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intricate:adj.复杂的;错综的,缠结的; communicative:adj.交际的;爱说话的,健谈的;无隐讳交谈的; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的; wipe:v.擦;抹;拭;消除;n.擦;拭;揩;(湿)抹布;
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| The good news is that architects and developers have begun to rediscover the joys of texture without backing away from modernity . |
好消息是,建筑师和开发商们 已经开始在不脱离现代化的基础上 重新发掘其他材质带来的乐趣 |
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rediscover:vt.重新发现;再发现; modernity:n.现代性;现代的东西;新式;
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| Some find innovative uses for old materials like brick and terra-cotta. |
有一些人找到了比如 砖头或是赤陶瓦等旧材料的 新用途 |
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innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
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| Others invent new products like the molded panels that Sn?hetta used to give the San Francisco |
还有一些人则是发掘了新的建材 比如Sn?hetta在旧金山现代艺术博物馆 外观建设中用到的模压板 |
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molded:adj.模塑的;造形的; panels:n.面板(panel的复数); v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式);
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| Museum of Modern Art that crinkly , sculptural quality. |
使得博物馆看起来富有 皱巴巴的雕塑般的气质 |
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crinkly:adj.起皱的;卷缩的;绉褶多的; sculptural:adj.雕刻的;雕刻般的;
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| The architect Stefano Boeri even created living facades. |
建筑师Stefano Boeri甚至 创造了这种活着的表面纹理 |
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Stefano:n.斯特凡诺(意大利名);
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| This is his Vertical Forest, a pair of apartment towers in Milan, whose most visible feature is greenery . |
这是“垂直丛林” 在米兰的一对公寓高楼 它们最显眼的特征便是那外表的绿色 |
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Vertical:n.垂直线;垂直位置;adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的; visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目; greenery:n.绿色植物;温室;
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| And Boeri is designing a version of this for Nanjing in China. |
Boeri正在为中国南京设计一个类似的版本 |
| And imagine if green facades were as ubiquitous as glass ones how much cleaner the air in Chinese cities would become. |
想象一下,如果这种绿色外观 能够和玻璃一样普及的话 那么中国城市的空气质量 将会得到多么大的改善啊 |
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ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的;
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| But the truth is that these are mostly one-offs , boutique projects, not easily reproduced at a global scale . |
但事实是 这些往往都只是个例 精品工程 没办法轻易的在全球范围内普及 |
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one-offs:n.一次性事物;adj.一次性的; boutique:n.精品店;专卖流行衣服的小商店;adj.精品屋的;小规模专售精品的; reproduced:v.重现(reproduce的过去分词);再生产;生育;adj.再生的;重制的; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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| And that is the point. |
但这也就是它的意义所在 |
| When you use materials that have a local significance, you prevent cities from all looking the same. |
当你去使用这些具有地方特色的建材时 就能够避免城市外观趋于一致 |
| Copper has a long history in New York — the Statue of Liberty , the crown of the Woolworth Building — but it fell out of fashion for a long time until SHoP Architects used it to cover the American Copper Building, |
在纽约 铜的运用已有很长的历史了 自由女神像和 伍尔沃思大厦的楼顶都是如此 但是它已经脱离时尚界多年 直到SHoP建筑师们在建造 东河岸的一对扭曲塔楼 |
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Statue of Liberty:n.(美国纽约港的)自由女神像; crown:王冠
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| It's not even finished and you can see the way sunset lights up that metallic facade, which will weather to green as it ages. |
它还没有完工 但你仍能够从夕阳中 看到那耀眼的金属光泽 知道它们会随着时间风化成绿色 |
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sunset:adj.霞红色的; n.日落(时分); v.(使)定期届满废止; metallic:adj.金属的,含金属的;
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| Buildings can be like people. |
楼房也可以和人一样 |
| Their faces broadcast their experience. |
它们的脸上写满了沧桑 |
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broadcast:v.广播; n.广播节目; adj.[无线]播音的;
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| And that's an important point, because when glass ages, you just replace it, and the building looks pretty much the same way it did before until eventually it's demolished . |
这是很重要的一点 因为当玻璃老化的时候 我们就会把它换掉 这样那些楼房看起来始终都是一个样子 直到最终销毁 |
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demolished:v.拆毁,拆除(建筑物);推翻(观点或理论);(demolish的过去分词和过去式)
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| Almost all other materials have the ability to absorb infusions of history and memory, and project it into the present. |
几乎所有的材料都有能力去 吸收并融纳历史和记忆 并把这些都呈现于当代 |
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absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; infusions:n.[临床]输液;灌输;[化学]浸剂(infusion的复数);
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| The firm Ennead clad the Utah Natural History Museum in Salt Lake City in copper and zinc , ores that have been mined in the area for 150 years and that also camouflage the building against the ochre hills so that you have a natural history museum that reflects the region's natural histor y. |
Ennead公司 用铜和锌包裹了位于盐湖城的 犹他自然历史博物馆 在这里 开采这些矿产的历史 已经有150年了 这也将这座建筑巧妙的 隐藏于了矿山之中 这样我们就拥有了一个真正反映了 当地自然历史的自然历史博物馆 |
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clad:adj.穿衣的; vt.在金属外覆以另一种金属; v.穿衣(clothe的过去式和过去分词); Utah:n.美国犹他州; Natural History:n.自然史; zinc:v.镀锌…;涂锌于…;用锌处理;n.锌; ores:n.[矿物]矿石;非金属矿物(ore的复数); camouflage:n.伪装,掩饰;vt.伪装,掩饰;vi.伪装起来; ochre:n.赭石;赭色;vt.涂赭色于;adj.赭色的(等于ocher); y.:n.英语字母表的第25个字母;代表未知数;abbr.基督教青年会;基督教女青年会;
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| And when the Chinese |
当中国建筑师王澍（普利茨克奖获得者） |
| Pritzker Prize winner Wang Shu was building a history museum in Ningbo, he didn't just create a wrapper for the past, he built memory right into the walls by using brick and stones and shingles salvaged from villages that had been demolished. |
在宁波建造一个历史博物馆的时候 他将从村庄废墟中 存留下来的砖石木瓦 加入到了外墙当中 他不仅仅是包装了历史 也以此将回忆注入了建筑当中 |
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wrapper:n.包装材料;[包装]包装纸;书皮; shingles:n.[皮肤]带状疱疹; v.用木瓦覆盖…的屋顶; salvaged:v.打捞,营救;抢救;挽救;挽回(salvage的过去分词和过去式)
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| Now, architects can use glass in equally lyrical and inventive ways. |
现今的建筑师们可以用同样抒情 而富有创造性的方式去使用玻璃 |
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lyrical:adj.抒情诗调的;感情丰富的;充满愉悦的; inventive:adj.发明的;有发明才能的;独出心裁的;
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| Here in New York, two buildings, one by Jean Nouvel and this one by Frank Gehry face off across West 19th Street, and the play of reflections that they toss back and forth is like a symphony in light. |
在这里 纽约 有两栋楼 一栋是Jean Nouvel设计的 图中的这个则是Frank Gehry的作品 它们面朝西十九大道 而它们所创造的光与影的前后交错 就如同光世界的交响曲 |
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Frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄; reflections:n.映像;(声、光、热等的)反射;反映;显示;表达;(reflection的复数) toss:v.扔,抛,掷;甩(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸;摇匀;n.掷硬币决定;向上甩头;投掷 symphony:n.交响乐;谐声,和声;
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| But when a city defaults to glass as it grows, it becomes a hall of mirrors, disquieting and cold. |
但当玻璃成为一个城市的默认材料不断地被增加用量 城市就会变成巨大的镜厅 让人感到不安 冰冷 |
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defaults:n.违约; v.违约; disquieting:adj.令人不安的;使人忧虑的;v.使担心;使焦急;(disquiet的现在分词)
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| After all, cities are places of concentrated variety where the world's cultures and languages and lifestyles come together and mingle . |
毕竟城市理应是一个充满了 多样的世界文化 语言和生活方式的 大熔炉 |
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concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词) variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; lifestyles:n.生活方式(lifestyle的复数); mingle:v.(使)与…结合;相交往,混杂其中;
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| So rather than encase all that variety and diversity in buildings of crushing sameness , we should have an architecture that honors the full range of the urban experience. |
所以我们不应该将这些多样性 局限在这一模一样的外表下 我们应该让建筑充分反映 丰富多彩的城市体验 |
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encase:vt.包住;围绕;包装; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: crushing:adj.惨重的,毁坏性的;v.压碎;压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的现在分词) sameness:n.相同;千篇一律;单调;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢大家 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |