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JunMa_2021-_一张追踪（并终结）中国污染的交互式地图_
Choking smog, polluted waters, climate change. 窒息的烟雾、污染的水域、气候变化。
This has been the environmental cost of the tremendous growth in China over the past 40 years. 这就是过去 40 年来 中国惊人增长的环境成本。
At the same time , hundreds of millions of people have put themselves out of poverty . 在同一时间, 数亿人摆脱了贫困。
Choking:adj.窒息的;闭紧的;v.(使)窒息;使停止呼吸;说不出话来;(choke的现在分词) tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
As an environmentalist in China, I have witnessed all of this firsthand . 作为中国的环保主义者,我亲眼目睹了这一切。
The challenge we're facing is: 我们面临的挑战是:
Can we clean up as fast and as broadly as the massive development degrading our air, water and climate? 我们能否像大规模的开发 造成对空气、水和气候的破坏一样
China has one point four billion people, still a fast-growing economy , and is responsible for the biggest share of the current greenhouse gas emissions . 中国有 14 亿人口, 仍然是一个快速增长的经济体, 在目前的温室气体排放中占最大份额。
environmentalist:n.环保人士;环境论者;研究环境问题的专家; witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词) firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; degrading:adj.降低身份的; v.降低…身份; (degrade的现在分词) fast-growing:adj.生长迅速的;发育快的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
China knows its global responsibility and has pledged to be carbon-neutral by 2060. 中国深知自己的全球责任, 并承诺到 2060 年实现碳中和。
It means more than 10 billion metric tons of carbon emissions must be stopped or be neutralized . 这意味着必须停止或中和 超过 100 亿吨的碳排放。
How can we possibly do it? 我们怎么能做到呢？
The pressing global climate situation requires each of us not just to do it, but to do it faster. 紧迫的全球气候形势 要求我们每个人不仅要去做, 而且要做得更快。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; pledged:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;抵押(pledge的过去分词和过去式) carbon-neutral:adj.碳平衡的(指碳排放量减低为零,或通过环保措施抵消排放) metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的; neutralized:adj.中立化的;v.中立化(neutralize的过去式和过去分词);
I believe there's a chance for us to succeed, as I know it too, now that I have seen work to help reduce the enormous environmental pollution. 我相信我们有机会成功, 我也知道, 现在我已经看到了帮助减少巨大环境污染的工作。
It is the power of transparency , pollution information made public using mobile internet and other IT technologies may empower millions of citizens to speed change by holding corporations and government agencies accountable . 这正是透明度的力量, 使用移动互联网和其他 IT 技术公开的污染信息 可以让数百万公民通过 追究公司和政府机构的责任来加速变革。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式); agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数); accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的;
I personally got involved in the transparency drive for water pollution control. 我个人参与了控制水污染 的透明度运动。
Years ago, beside Lake Tai, the third largest freshwater lake in China, 多年前,在中国 第三大淡水湖太湖旁,
I saw a group of fishermen using long ladles to scoop out the algae bloom . 我看到一群渔民用长柄勺子舀出蓝藻。
One fisherman said to me, "When I was young, on a hot day like this, 一位渔民对我说:“小时候,这么热的天,
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) freshwater:adj.淡水的;无经验的;n.淡水;内河;湖水; ladles:勺; scoop:n.勺;铲子;一勺(的量);独家新闻;v.用勺儿舀;用铲儿铲;捡起;抢先报道; algae:n.[植]藻类;[植]海藻; bloom:v.盛开;开花;繁殖;繁盛;n.水华;风华正茂;霜;青春;
I would have jumped into the lake for a [swim].” "But now," he said, "the fish are gone and we're paid to scoop out the algae." 我会跳进湖里[游泳]。” “但是现在,”他说,“鱼都不见了, 别人付我们钱去舀出蓝藻。”
Pointing to those factories not far from the shoreline , he said the lake would not be clean until they stop dumping . 他指着离湖岸线不远的那些工厂说, 除非他们停止排污,否则湖水不会干净。
Years of research made me understand how hard it is to check the dumping. 多年的调查让我明白检查排污有多么困难。
With weak enforcement , the cost of violations was often too low, and those who cut corners became more competitive in the market. 由于执法不力, 违规成本往往过低, 偷工减料的企业在市场上更具竞争力。
shoreline:n.海岸线;海岸线地带; dumping:n.倾倒,倾卸;v.丢弃,扔掉;抛弃;抛售;(dump的现在分词) enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制; violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式); cut corners:抄近路;以简便方法做事; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
This region happens to be one of the biggest centers of the global supply chain for electronic gadgets and for clothes. 该地区恰好是全球电子产品 和服装供应链的最大中心之一。
But those multinational brands sourcing locally were not very helpful at the beginning . 但那些在当地采购的跨国品牌 在一开始并没有多大帮助。
Many would argue, "In China, I don't know who is polluting, so I would buy from the cheapest." 很多人会争辩说,“在中国,我不知道谁在污染, 所以我会从最便宜的地方购买。”
region:n.地区;范围;部位; supply chain:n.供应链; electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; gadgets:n.小配件;小工具(gadget的复数); multinational:adj.跨国公司的;多国的;n.跨国公司; brands:n.品牌;烙印(brand的复数);v.加商标于;铭刻于(brand的第三人称单数); sourcing:v.(从…)获得;(source的现在分词) locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上; at the beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始;
This is going to add further pressure on those local suppliers to race down to the bottom for their contracts . 这将进一步增加当地供应商的压力, 要求他们竞相争取合同。
But I told them I have a map that can help them figure out who is polluting. 但我告诉他们我有一张地图 可以帮助他们找出谁在污染。
we began to compile corporate monitoring data data into a database known as the Blue Map. 我们开始将企业监控数据 编入名为“蔚蓝地图”的数据库。
contracts:n.[经]合同; v.使收缩; compile:vt.编译;编制;编辑;[图情]汇编; corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的;
We started with only two thousand records of violations, but through years of promotion of enforcement and transparency, that number has topped two million. 我们开始时只有 2000 条违规记录, 但通过多年的执法和透明度推广, 这个数字达到了两百万。
The missing dots in the global supply chain's environmental management began to be connected when a group of [electronic] and textile brands started comparing their list of suppliers with our list of violators . 当一些电子和服装品牌 开始将他们的供应商名单和 我们的违法者名单比较时, 全球供应链的环境管理中 那些遗漏的点
Let me explain how it works. 让我解释一下这是如何运作的。
This is the Blue Map for the Yangtze River Delta , which covers the Lake Tai region. 这是长江三角洲的“蔚蓝地图”, 它涵盖了太湖地区。
Each individual factory -- and there are tens of thousands of them -- is color coded . 每个单独的工厂—— 有数以万计这样的工厂—— 通过颜色编码。
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; textile:n.纺织品;纺织业; comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) violators:n.违背者;违反者;妨碍者; Delta:n.(河流的)三角洲;德耳塔(希腊字母的第四个字); individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; coded:adj.[计]编码的;电码的;译成电码的;v.译成密码(code的过去式和过去分词);
Blue and green for "good," red and yellow for "bad." 蓝色和绿色代表“好”,红色和黄色代表“坏”。
The color codes are derived from the violations on record and the confirmed public reporting. 颜色编码来自记录的违规 和确认的公开报告。
And we have put more than four million of such dots on the digital map, all color coded. 我们已经在数字地图上放置了超过 400 万个这样的点, 所有这些点都是颜色编码的。
Still, how can a map make change? 不过,地图如何促成改变？
This is one of the largest dyehouse suppliers. 这是最大的染厂之一。
derived:adj.导出的;衍生的,派生的;v.得到;推断(derive的过去分词);由…而来; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; dyehouse:na.染厂;
It used to have multiple violation records, but insisted if they treat the waste but now they are neighbors, they would lose their business. 曾经有多次违规记录, 坚称如果他们进行了污水处理, 而与他们相邻的厂没有的话, 他们就会失去生意。
But then five brands, starting from Gap , all told this company it would lose their business if it would not treat the waste properly. 但随后有五个品牌,从 Gap 开始, 都告诉这家公司,如果不妥善处理废物, 它将失去业务。
Realizing that the sourcing code has changed, the company spent millions of dollars to bring more than 12 million metric tons of textile wastewater contaminated by dyes and chemicals up to standards , and then made further investments to cut the volume of wastewater. 意识到采购规则发生了变化, 该公司斥资数百万美元 将超过 1200 万吨 被染料和化学品污染的纺织废水 达到标准, 然后进一步投资以减少废水量。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; Gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; wastewater:n.废水,污水; contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式) dyes:n.[染料]染料,染色(dye复数形式);v.给…染色;被着色(dye的第三人称单数); chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数) investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数) volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
We did the same thing, along with our local partners, such as Green Jiangnan, with the electronic industry suppliers that manufacture parts for Apple, Dell , Huawei and other major brands. 我们做了同样的事, 与绿江南等当地合作伙伴一起, 针对为苹果、戴尔、华为和其他主要品牌 制造零件的电子行业供应商做了同样的事。
Here is one of the largest [electronic] suppliers, dredging the local canal to remove the heavy metals dumped in it. 这是最大的 [电子] 供应商之一, 正在抽干当地运河以清除倾倒其中的重金属。
Victories like this build upon each other to enable the supply chain management to reach further upstream through the supply chain, from garment factories to fabric mills to dyehouses to the dye manufacturers . 这样的胜利是相辅相成的, 使供应链管理能够通过供应链 一下子延伸到上游, 从服装厂到织物厂在从染厂到染料制造商。
manufacture:v.(用机器)大量生产; n.大量制造; Dell:n.有树林的小谷地; dredging:v.疏浚;挖掘;打捞;采捞;捞取;(dredge的现在分词) dumped:v.丢弃,扔掉;丢下;抛弃;倾销,抛售;(dump的过去分词和过去式) enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; upstream:adv.逆流地;向上游;adj.向上游的;逆流而上的;n.上游部门; garment:n.衣服,服装;外表,外观;vt.给…穿衣服; fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构; mills:n.磨坊; v.碾碎,磨成粉(mill的第三人称单数和复数) dyehouses:na.染坊;(dyehouse的复数) manufacturers:n.生产者;制造者;生产商;(manufacturer的复数)
Today, the color codes can mean the difference between a company that secures a loan from a major bank, like the Postal Bank of China, and one that does not. 今天,颜色代码可能意味着 从中国邮政银行等主要银行 获得贷款的公司与没有获得贷款的公司 之间的区别。
The application of the Blue Map data, in green supply chain and green finance , has motivated more than fourteen thousand companies to address their violations or make disclosure . “蔚蓝地图”数据在绿色供应链和 绿色金融等领域的应用, 已带动一万四千多家企业 进行违规处理或披露。
Postal:adj.邮政的;邮局的;n.明信片; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机; disclosure:n.揭露;透露;公开;公开的事情;
The scope of environmental transparency got further extended in China during its epic fighting against the severe smog, which used to expose hundreds of millions of people to health hazards . 在中国与严重的雾霾进行前所未有的斗争中, 环境透明度的范围进一步扩大, 而雾霾曾让数亿人面临着健康危害。
In response to the public demand for disclosure, corporate online monitoring data were made open every hour or every two hours. 为了响应公众的公开诉求, 企业在线监测数据每小时或每两小时 就会更新一次。
The first of its kind in the world. 这是世界首创。
At the same time, people were acquiring cell phones across China, so we developed a cell phone app to enable people to access the air and water quality data. 与此同时,中国各地的人们都在购买手机, 因此我们开发了一款手机应用, 让人们可以访问空气和水质数据。
scope:n.能力; v.仔细看; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) epic:adj.史诗的,叙事诗的;n.史诗;叙事诗;史诗般的作品; severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; hazards:n.危害;[安全]危险;障碍(hazard的复数);v.使冒危险;赌(hazard的三单形式); In response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; acquiring:n.捕获,探测;习得;瞄准;v.获得;(acquire的现在分词);
But the most unique function of the Blue Map app is for our users to access the records of emitters , then share through social media , tagging the official account. 但是“蔚蓝地图”应用程序最独特的功能 是我们的用户可以访问排污点的记录, 然后通过社交媒体分享,标记官方账号。
Such kind of a microreporting has motivated some of the largest emitters to change behavior. 这种微观报告 促使一些最大的排放污染的企业改变了行为。
This is one of them, a listed steel plant which used to breach the standards repeatedly . 这就是其中之一, 曾经屡次违规的上市钢厂。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; emitters:n.发射器;排放者;发射源;[物]发射体(emitter的复数); media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; tagging:n.标记;锻尖;v.加标签于;附加;把…称为(tag的现在分词形式); official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员; breach:n.违背;破坏;辜负;中断;v.违反;违背;在…上打开缺口; repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地;
The microreporting filed by the local Blue Map users and NGOs has got a local agency to weigh in and require this company to clean up. 当地“蔚蓝地图”用户和非政府组织提交的微观报道 已得到当地政府的注意,并要求该公司进行清理。
Eventually , the steel plant spent more than one billion dollars to make a very deep cut in its air emissions, a contribution to the significant improvement of air quality in a vast airshed , which includes my city, Beijing. 最终,这家钢铁厂花费了超过 10 亿美元 来大幅减少空气排放, 为包括我所在城市北京在内的广大空域 的空气质量显着改善做出了贡献。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; Eventually:adv.最后,终于; contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; improvement:n.改进,改善; air quality:n.空气质量; airshed:na.飞机仓库;气流量;空气域;
Despite all the successes, 尽管取得了所有这些成功,
I have to acknowledge our mission is far from being accomplished . 但我必须承认,我们的使命远未完成。
There are still more than two million records of violations in the Blue Map. “蔚蓝地图”中还有超过 200 万条违规记录。
Today, we face massive tension between environmental protection and economic recovery , brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the looming climate catastrophe . 今天,由于 COVID-19 大流行以及 迫在眉睫的气候灾难, 我们面临着环境保护与 经济复苏之间的巨大紧张关系。
Despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; accomplished:adj.完成的;有技巧的;有学问的;v.完成;(accomplish的过去分词和过去式) tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; looming:v.人惊恐地隐现;显得突出;逼近(loom的现在分词) catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
There's a strong temptation , In local regions and cities, to relax environmental regulations , which has resulted already in a rather big rebound of the carbon emissions. 在地方和城市,放宽环境法规的诱惑很大, 这已经导致 碳排放量出现了较大的反弹。
So China's 2060 carbon neutrality pledge came at a critical moment. 因此,中国 2060 年的碳中和承诺来得正是时候。
But the implementation of it wouldn't be easy. 但实施起来并不容易。
Remember the steel plant that already spent one billion dollars to clean up? 还记得已经花费 10 亿美元清理的钢铁厂吗？
temptation:n.诱惑;引诱;煽诱人的事物; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) relax:v.放松,休息;松懈,松弛;变从容;休养; regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数) rebound:n.回弹;篮板球;v.回升;弹回;使弹回;(rebind的过去式和过去分词); neutrality:n.中立;中性;中立立场; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; implementation:n.[计]实现;履行;安装启用;
Now the new task is for us to review with it how to tackle the 10 million metric tons of carbon emission. 现在新的任务是我们用它来审视 如何解决 1000 万吨的碳排放。
And this is just zero point one percent of the carbon emissions that we need to stop or neutralize in China. 这只占到我们需要在中国停止 或中和的碳排放量的百分之零点一。
Again, we must tap into the power of transparency. 同样,我们必须利用透明度的力量。
My team and I have launched a Blue Map for Zero Carbon, a database that needs to bring China's long-term national commitment down to where that 10 billion tons of carbon are actually emitted . 我和我的团队推出了“零碳蔚蓝地图”, 这个数据库将中国的长期国家目标 细分到那 100 亿吨碳真正被排放的地方。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; emitted:adj.射出的;v.排放(emit的过去分词);发散;
This is how a zero-carbon map looks like. 这就是“零碳地图”的样子。
Each province and city is color-coded based on its level of emission. 每个省和城市都根据其排放水平进行颜色编码。
With trend analysis , tracking when and at what level the carbon will peak and stop growing. 通过趋势分析, 跟踪碳将达到峰值并停止增长的时间和水平。
As you can see , the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, are on track, while others like Tangshan, like Yinchuan, still have a long way to go. 如图所见,北京、上海等城市已步入正轨, 而唐山、银川等其他城市还有很长的路要走。
color-coded:颜色编码; trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词) peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的; As you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
To generate peer pressure and incentives , we're working with our partner, the Chinese Academy of Environmental Science, in assessing the local climate ambition , 为了产生同行压力和激励, 我们正在与我们的合作伙伴 中国环境科学院合作, 评估主要省市以及能源
performance and carbon-decoupling trends of major provinces, cities and energy and raw-material companies. 和原材料公司的当地气候目标、 绩效和碳脱钩趋势。
One clear gap we identified is the lack of capacity in measuring and reporting. 我们发现的一个明显差距 是缺乏衡量和报告的能力。
generate:v.产生;引起; peer:n.同辈;同龄人;身份(或地位)相同的人;(英国)贵族成员;v.仔细看;端详; incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施; Academy:n.学院;研究院;学会;专科院校; assessing:v.评估,评定(性质、质量);估算,估定;(assess的现在分词) ambition:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词) capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
Along with other partners, we developed a digital carbon accounting platform . 我们与其他合作伙伴 一起开发了一个数字碳核算平台。
So far, more than five thousand companies have been motivated by brands and banks to calculate and report their carbon emissions or local emissions. 迄今为止,已有五千多家企业受到品牌和银行的推动, 计算并报告其碳排放量或当地排放量。
But my dream is to empower millions of more businesses, to measure and to report and to reduce their emissions. 但我的梦想是促使数以百万计的企业 衡量和报告并减少他们的排放。
platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
Bear in mind many of them are part of this global supply chain. 请记住,其中许多是这个全球供应链的一部分。
If you know the product you consume day in and day out , often has 70 percent or more, and sometimes to up to 90 percent, of their carbon footprint in the supply chain, 如果你知道你每天消费的产品的碳足迹 在供应链中, 通常占到 70% 或更多, 有时甚至高达 90%,
Bear in mind:vi.记住;考虑到; consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; day in and day out:天天;夜以继日; footprint:n.足迹;脚印;
would you join our efforts in motivating the big brands and banks and investors to green their global sourcing and investment? 你是否愿意与我们一起努力推动 大品牌、银行和投资者 去绿色化他们的全球采购和投资？
And it's not just carbon. 这不仅仅是碳。
Today, we further expand the Blue Map to cover waste and plastics and even biodiversity so as to empower more people to join this unprecedented global race to zero. 今天,我们进一步扩展了“蔚蓝地图”, 以涵盖废物和塑料甚至生物多样性, 以便让更多人能够加入 这场史无前例的全球零排放竞赛。
motivating:v.激励;刺激;调动…的积极性(motivate的ing形式); expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; biodiversity:n.生物多样性; unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的;
The prize for winning this ongoing race is nothing less than a better world for this generation and for the generations to come. 赢得这场正在进行的比赛的奖品无异于为 这一代和后代创造一个更美好的世界。
For mankind and for all the plants and animals that call this planet their home. 为了人类以及 所有以这个星球为家的植物和动物。
Thank you. 谢谢。
ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的; nothing less than:完全是;不亚于;与…一模一样; mankind:n.人类;男性;