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JulianTreasure_2013G-_怎样说话人们才会听_
The human voice: 人类的声音:
It's the instrument we all play. 是我们所有人都弹奏的乐器。
instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably. 可能是这个世界上最有力的声音。
It's the only one that can start a war or say I love you. 它绝无仅有,或能引起战争, 或能说“我爱你”。
And yet many people have the experience that when they speak, people don't listen to them. 然而,很多人有这种经历,
And why is that? 这是为什么呢？
How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world? 我们怎样有力地说 而让世界发生某种改变？
powerfully:adv.强大地;强烈地;非常;
What I'd like to suggest, there are a number of habits that we need to move away from. 我所提议的是, 我们需要改变一些习惯。
I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking. 在此我为你们收集整理了, 说话的七宗罪。
assembled:v.聚集;集合;收集;装配;组装;(assemble的过去分词和过去式) deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地; sins:n.罪恶;罪行;过错;过失;恶行;v.犯戒律;犯过失;(sin的第三人称单数和复数)
I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list, but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into. 我没打算假装这是一个详细的列表, 但这七个,我以为是 我们相当容易犯的坏习惯。
exhaustive:adj.详尽的;彻底的;消耗的;
First, gossip , speaking ill of somebody who's not present. 第一就是,流言蜚语, 在背后说某些人的坏话。
gossip:n.流言蜚语;闲聊;喜欢传播流言蜚语的人;v.传播流言蜚语;说三道四;
Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well the person gossiping five minutes later will be gossiping about us. 这不是一个好习惯,我们都很明白 那个说闲话的人在五分钟以后 就会在别人跟前说我们的闲话。
gossiping:v.传播流言飞语;说三道四;(gossip的现在分词)
Second, judging. 第二,评判。
We know people who are like this in conversation, and it's very hard to listen to somebody if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time . 我们知道有些人在谈话中是这样的, 这让人很难听进别人的话, 如果你知道你被人评判 且被认为不合格。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
Third, negativity . 第三,消极。
negativity:n.否定性;消极性;
You can fall into this. 你能陷入这个泥潭。
My mother, in the last years of her life, became very, very negative , and it's hard to listen. 我的母亲,在她生命的最后几年里, 变得非常非常消极,很难让人听她说话。
negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
I remember one day, I said to her, 我记得有一天,我对她说,
It's October 1 today, and she said, I know, isn't it dreadful ? “今天是十月一号,” 她说,“我知道,这不可怕吗？”
dreadful:adj.可怕的;糟透的,令人不快的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative. 当某人那么消极的时候是很难让人听进去的。
And another form of negativity, complaining . 另外一种消极,就是抱怨。
complaining:adj.抱怨的;v.抱怨;控诉;(complain的现在分词)
Well, this is the national art of the U.K. 这是英国的全国性艺术。
It's our national sport. We complain about the weather, about sport, about politics , about everything, but actually complaining is viral misery . 是我们的全国性运动。我们抱怨天气, 体育和政治,几乎每件事, 但实际上抱怨是病毒性的悲催,
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的; misery:n.痛苦,悲惨;不幸;苦恼;穷困;
It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world. 它不会在这个世界上传播太阳和光明。
sunshine:n.阳光;日光;欢乐;幸福 lightness:n.轻盈;轻松;明亮;(颜色)浅淡;
Excuses. We've all met this guy. 借口。我们都遇上过这个家伙。
Maybe we've all been this guy. 也许我们都曾经是这个家伙。
Some people have a blamethrower. 有些人有指责癖好。
They just pass it on to everybody else and don't take responsibility for their actions, and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that. 他们怪罪任何人 而不是对自己的行为负责任, 所以,这又是让人难以聆听的一种。
Penultimate , the sixth of the seven, embroidery , exaggeration . 七件里面的老六,倒数第二, 浮夸,吹牛。
Penultimate:adj.倒数第二的;倒数第二音节的;n.倒数第二;倒数第二音节; embroidery:n.刺绣;刺绣品;粉饰; exaggeration:n.夸张;夸大之词;夸张的手法;
It demeans our language, actually, sometimes. 它有时贬低了我们的语言,事实上。
demeans:vt.贬低...的身分;举止;
For example, if I see something that really is awesome , what do I call it? 比如,如果我看见 什么真的很神奇的事情, 那我该说什么呢？
awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And then of course this exaggeration becomes lying, out and out lying, and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us. 当然这种夸大后来就变成了说谎。 彻头彻尾的说谎,我们就不想听 这种我们知道会说谎的人。
out and out:adj.完全的;彻底的;公开的;
And finally , dogmatism , the confusion of facts with opinions. 最后是,固执己见, 把事实和意见混淆。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; dogmatism:n.教条主义;独断,武断; confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
When those two things get conflated , you're listening into the wind. 当这两件事混为一谈, 你就像在听风一样。
conflated:vt.合并;异文合并;
You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true. 你知道,有人用他们自己的意见来强迫你。
bombarding:n.炮击;射击;曝光;碰撞;照射;adj.急袭的;爆炸的(碰撞的);
It's difficult to listen to that. 这很难让我们听讲。
So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking. 这就是说话的七宗罪。
These are things I think we need to avoid. 我认为这些是我们需要避免的。
But is there a positive way to think about this? 但有没有比较正面的呢？
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
Yes, there is. 的确有。
I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones , foundations , that we can stand on if we want our speech to be powerful and to make change in the world. 我想建议四种我们可以牢靠站立的 真正强有力的基石或者基础, 如果我们想让我们的言语有力 并且让世界产生变化。
cornerstones:n.基础; foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数)
Fortunately , these things spell a word. 幸运的是,这些事情连起来是一个单词。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
The word is hail , and it has a great definition as well. 这个词就是“hail”,它有着特别好的定义。
hail:n.冰雹; v.致敬; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky and hits you on the head. 我不是讲那个天上掉下来的 砸在你头上的东西。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
I'm talking about this definition, to greet or acclaim enthusiastically , which is how I think our words will be received if we stand on these four things. 我在谈论的是 “热情地致敬或赞扬”这个定义。 我认为我们的言辞会如此被接受, 如果我们坚持这四件事。
acclaim:vt.称赞;为…喝采,向…欢呼;n.欢呼,喝彩;称赞;vi.欢呼,喝采; enthusiastically:adv.热心地;满腔热情地;
So what do they stand for? 那么它们到底是什么呢？
See if you can guess. 看看你是否能猜到。
The H, honesty, of course, being true in what you say, being straight and clear. H,代表了诚实（Honesty）,当然, 说真话,直接了当并且清楚明白。
The A is authenticity , just being yourself. A,代表了真实(Authenticity),做一个自然而然的自己。
authenticity:n.真实性,确实性;可靠性;
A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth, which I think is a lovely way to put it. 我的一个朋友把它描述为 坚持真实的自己, 我觉得这是一个优美的表述。
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
The I is integrity , being your word, actually doing what you say, and being somebody people can trust. I,代表了正气(Integrity),言而有信, 说到做到, 成为别人能信任的人。
integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正;
And the L is love. L,代表爱（Love）。
I don't mean romantic love, but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons. 我不是指罗曼蒂克的爱情, 而是指对别人有良好的祝愿,这出于两个原因。
romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人;
First of all , I think absolute honesty may not be what we want. 第一,我认为绝对的诚实 也许不是我们所想要的。
First of all:adv.首先;
I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning. 我的意思是,天哪,今天早上你真难看。
ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
Perhaps that's not necessary. 那可能不必要。
Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing. 诚实是很重要的。当然,适当地带着爱。
Tempered:adj.缓和的,温和的;调节的;有…气质的;v.调和(temper的过去分词);
But also, if you're really wishing somebody well, it's very hard to judge them at the same time. 但还有,当你真的很希望别人好, 就很难同时评判他们。
I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously . 我不知道你们是否能 同时做到这两点。
simultaneously:adv.同时地;
So hail. 那么hail。
Also, now that's what you say, and it's like the old song, it is what you say, it's also the way that you say it. 上面提到的是你所说的内容。 另外,就像老歌里唱的,你所说的很重要, 还有你的表达方式也很重要。
You have an amazing toolbox . 你有一个很神奇的工具盒。
toolbox:n.工具箱;
This instrument is incredible , and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened. 里面有难以置信的工具, 然而这个工具盒只有不多的人打开过。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now and just pull a few tools out that you might like to take away and play with, which will increase the power of your speaking. 我愿意跟你们在这里 做一点儿探查,并且找出几种工具。 你也许想拿来试一下, 这些将会增加你说话的力量。
rummage:vt.检查; n.翻找; vi.翻找;
Register , for example. 比如说,音域。
Register:v.登记;注册;记录;n.登记簿;登记表;注册簿;
Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time, but there's a register in between. 假声大部分时候可能是没用的, 但在两者之间会有一种是有用的。
falsetto:n.假音;假声歌手;[耳鼻喉]男性女声;adj.用假声的;adv.用假声;
I'm not going to get very technical about this for any of you who are voice coaches. 对于在座的语音教练们, 我不会在这个问题上很深入。
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
You can locate your voice, however. 然而,你能定位你的声音。
locate:v.确定…的准确地点;把…安置在(或建造于);创办于(某地);
So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference. 如果我把声音提到鼻子这儿,你可以听出不同。
If I go down here in my throat, which is where most of us speak from most of the time. 如果我把声音降到嗓子这里, 这是我们大部分人大多数时候所做的。
But if you want weight, you need to go down here to the chest. 但是如果你想有份量, 你需要降到胸腔。
You hear the difference? 你听出了不同吗？
We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true, because we associate depth with power and with authority . 我们给声音低沉的政治家投票,那是真的, 因为我们把深沉 和权力、权威联系在一起。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) associate:v.联合:联想:交往:adj.非正式的:副的:联合的:n.伙伴:同事: authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
That's register. 那是音域。
Then we have timbre . 然后我们再说音色,
timbre:n.[声]音色;音质;音品;
It's the way your voice feels. 那是你的声音让人感觉如何。
Again, the research shows that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm, like hot chocolate . 研究显示我们喜欢那种 丰厚,平滑,温暖,像热巧克力一样的声音。
prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; hot chocolate:n.巧克力热饮;一杯巧克力热饮;
Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world, because you can train. 当然如果你没有那样的声音,这也不是世界末日。 因为你可以训练。
Go and get a voice coach. 去找到一个声音教练。
And there are amazing things you can do with breathing, with posture , and with exercises to improve the timbre of your voice. 你可以做很神奇的事情, 利用呼吸,姿势,还有锻炼 来提高你嗓音的音色。
posture:n.姿势;态度;看法;立场;处理方式;v.故作姿态;装样子 improve:v.改进;改善;
Then prosody. I love prosody. 然后是韵律。我喜欢韵律。
This is the sing-song , the meta-language that we use in order to impart meaning. 那是唱歌,是元语言, 我们用来传送意味。
sing-song:n.歌咏; impart:vt.给予(尤指抽象事物),传授;告知,透露;
It's root one for meaning in conversation. 在谈话中是意思的根基。
People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to if they don't have any prosody at all. 那种说话一个声调的人 很难让人听讲, 如果他们没有一点儿韵律。
That's where the world monotonic comes from, or monotonous , monotone . 那就是单调这个词的来源, 或者说枯燥无味,一成不变。
monotonic:adj.单调的;无变化的;产生单音调的; monotonous:adj.单调的,无抑扬顿挫的;无变化的; monotone:n.单调;单音调;adj.单调的;vt.单调地读;
Also we have repetitive prosody now coming in, where every sentence ends as if it were a question when it's actually not a question, it's a statement . 我们还有重复性的韵律, 每个句子的结尾好像是一个疑问句, 但事实上,它不是疑问句,而是陈述句。
repetitive:adj.重复的; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And if you repeat that one over and over , it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody, which I think is a shame, so let's try and break that habit. 如果你一遍一遍地重复某个东西, 它会限制你 用韵律来交流的能力, 我认为这是一件憾事, 让我们努力打破那个习惯。
over and over:反复;再三; restricting:n.整形,限制;扼流;v.限制(restrict的ing形式);
Pace. I can get very, very excited by saying something really, really quickly, or I can slow right down to emphasize , and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence. 语速,我可以非常非常兴奋地 飞快地说着什么, 或者我能慢下来强调, 在结尾处,当然是我们的老朋友, 沉默。
emphasize:v.强调;重视;着重;使突出;
There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there? 在讲话中,有一点儿沉默 没关系,是吗？
We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs. 我们不需要用“嗯” 和“ 啊”来填充。
It can be very powerful. 沉默就很有力。
Of course, pitch often goes along with pace to indicate arousal , but you can do it just with pitch. 当然,音调常常跟语速一起 来指示兴奋度,但你能仅仅用音调就显示出来。
pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇: indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示; arousal:n.觉醒;激励;
Where did you leave my keys? 你把我的钥匙放在哪儿啦？
Where did you leave my keys? 你把我的钥匙放在哪儿啦？
So slightly different meaning in those two deliveries . 那么轻微的差别 在这两个表达中。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; deliveries:n.[贸易]交货(delivery的复数);已交付;
And finally, volume . 最后,是音量。
volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
I can get really excited by using volume. 我能用音量表示极端的兴奋。
Sorry about that if I startled anybody. 如果我打扰了任何人的话,抱歉。
startled:v.使惊吓;使大吃一惊(startle的过去分词和过去式)
Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet. 或者,我能用很轻的声音 让你认真地注意。
Some people broadcast the whole time. 有人全程一直都在说话。
broadcast:v.广播; n.广播节目; adj.[无线]播音的;
Try not to do that. 别那样。
That's called sodcasting, imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately. Not nice. 那叫做“公放音乐”, 把你的声音不假思索 和草率地强加给别人。不好。
imposing:adj.壮观的; v.推行,采用; (impose的现在分词) carelessly:adv.粗心地;不注意地;无忧无虑地;
Of course, where this all comes into play most of all is when you've got something really important to do. 是当你有什么很重要的事情要做的时候。
It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people. 这可能是像这样站在演讲台上 对着人演讲。
It might be proposing marriage, asking for a raise, a wedding speech. 它可能是求婚, 要求加薪,或者婚礼上的讲话。
proposing:v.提议;建议;打算;计划;求婚;(propose的现在分词)
Whatever it is, if it's really important, you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox and the engine that it's going to work on, and no engine works well without being warmed up. 不管是什么,如果它非常重要, 你应该看着这个工具盒, 以及将要工作运行的发动机, 没有预热的发动机不会好好工作。
Warm up your voice. 预热你自己的声音。
Actually, let me show you how to do that. 让我给你演示怎样做。
Would you all like to stand up for a moment? 你们都愿意站起来一会儿吗？
stand up for:支持,坚持;拥护;
I'm going to show you the six vocal warmup exercises that I do before every talk I ever do. 我会给你演示六个预热声音的锻炼, 在每次演讲之前我都这么做。
vocal:adj.嗓音的;发声的;大声表达的;直言不讳的;n.(乐曲中的)歌唱部分;
Anytime you're going to talk to anybody important, do these. 在跟任何重要的人谈话之前,做以下这些。
First, arms up, deep breath in, and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that. 第一,举起双臂,吸气, 然后呼出,啊哈,就像那样。
One more time. 再来一次。
Ahhhh, very good. 啊哈,很好。
Now we're going to warm up our lips, and we're going to go ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba, ba. Very good. 现在我们要预热我们的嘴唇, 做出吧,吧,吧,吧, 吧,吧,吧,吧。很好。
And now, brrrrrrrrrr, just like when you were a kid. 现在,brrrrrrr, 就像你是个孩子。
Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive. brrrrr。现在你的嘴唇应该活了。
We're going to do the tongue next with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la. 下一个是舌头, 夸张的啦,啦,啦,啦……
exaggerated:adj.夸张的,言过其实的;v.夸张,夸大(exaggerate的过去分词和过去式)
Beautiful. You're getting really good at this. 美极了。你们做得很好。
And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr. 然后,卷舌一个R,Rrrrrr。
That's like champagne for the tongue. 这就像给舌头的香槟酒。
champagne:n.香槟酒;香槟酒色;
Finally, and if I can only do one, the pros call this the siren . 最后,如果我只能做一个, 专业人士把这叫做警报。
pros:n.从事某职业的人;职业运动员;老手;(pro的复数) siren:n.汽笛;迷人的女人;歌声动人的女歌手;
It's really good. It starts with we and goes to aw. 这个特别好。它开始于“we”然后转为“aw”。
The we is high, the aw is low. “we”是高音,“aw”是低音。
Fantastic . Give yourselves a round of applause . 妙极了。给你自己来鼓个掌。
Fantastic:奇异的,空想的 applause:n.欢呼,喝采;鼓掌欢迎;
Take a seat, thank you. (Applause) 请坐,谢谢你们。（鼓掌）
Next time you speak, do those in advance . 下次你演讲之前,提前做到这几项。
in advance:adv.预先,提前;
Now let me just put this in context to close. 现在让我在结束之前作个总结。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
This is a serious point here. 这一点是认真的。
This is where we are now, right? 这就是我们的所在,对吗？
We speak not very well into people who simply aren't listening in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics . 我们说得不好, 人们也听不进去, 在一个吵闹和喧哗的环境里。
acoustics:n.声学;音响效果,音质;
I have talked about that on this stage in different phases . 我已经在讲台上 分阶段地谈到这个问题。
phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式);
What would the world be like if we were speaking powerfully to people who were listening consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpose? 这个世界会是怎样, 如果我们有说服力, 人们有意识地听, 在一个量身定做的环境下？
consciously:adv.自觉地;有意识地;
Or to make that a bit larger, what would the world be like if we were creating sound consciously and consuming sound consciously and designing all our environments consciously for sound? 或者说得更大一些, 世界将会是怎样, 如果我们有意识地说话, 有意识地倾听, 并且有意识地针对声音 来设计我们的周围环境？
consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的;v.消耗(consume的ing形式);
That would be a world that does sound beautiful, and one where understanding would be the norm , and that is an idea worth spreading. 那会是一个听起来非常美丽的世界, 在那儿 理解会是常态。 那是一个值得传播的理念。
norm:n.规范;标准;定额;常态;v.规范;规定;
Thank you. 感谢你们。
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢你们。（鼓掌）