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JulianTreasure_2010G-_安静！保持听力健康的八大法则_
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| The Hindus say, " Nada brahma ," |
印度人说:“Nada brahma”, |
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Hindus:n.印度教徒;印度教的; Nada:abbr.美国汽车经销商联合会; brahma:n.梵天(印度教主神之一);
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| one translation of which is, "The world is sound." |
意为“世界是健康的”（谐音:世界是充满声音的） |
| And, in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating . |
这说的没错,因为一切事物都处于振动中。 |
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vibrating:v.(使)振动,颤动,摆动(vibrate的现在分词)
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| In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating. |
事实上,你们在座的各位都在振动。 |
| Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies . |
身体中的每一部分都在以不同的频率振动。 |
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frequencies:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁;(frequency的复数)
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| So you are, in fact, a chord , each of you an individual chord. |
所以,这些声音构成了一个和弦。 你们每个人都是一个独立的和弦。 |
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chord:n.弦;和弦; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
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| One definition of health may be that that chord is in complete harmony . |
健康的一种定义可能是 这种和弦都保持一种和睦的状态。 |
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definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和;
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| Your ears can't hear that chord. |
你的耳朵是听不到这种和弦的。 |
| They can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves . |
但它们却能听见10个八度音阶,这很惊人。 |
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octaves:n.八度(octave的复数);
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| Incidentally , we see just one octave. |
然而,我们只能看到一个八度音阶。 |
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Incidentally:adv.顺便;偶然地;附带地;
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| Your ears are always on. You have no earlids. |
你的耳朵随时都是打开的,因为它们没有“盖子”。 |
| They work even when you sleep. |
即使在睡觉时,它们也在工作。 |
| The smallest sound you can perceive moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters . |
你能听到的最小的声音 只会让耳膜振动4个原子直径（1个原子直径小于1纳米） |
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perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为; eardrum:n.鼓膜,耳膜;中耳; atomic:adj.原子的,原子能的;微粒子的; diameters:n.直径(diameter的名词复数);放大率;
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| The loudest sound you can hear is a trillion times more powerful than that. |
而你能听到的最大声音 却是那个的一万亿倍。 |
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trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
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| Ears are made not for hearing, but for listening. |
耳朵不仅是为了听本身 而是为了专注、认真的倾听 |
| Listening is an active skill. |
认真倾听是一种主动技能 |
| Whereas hearing is passive , listening is something that we have to work at. |
普通地听是被动的 而倾听却是要花功夫的 |
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Whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态;
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| It's a relationship with sound. |
倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系 |
| And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught. |
也是一种与生俱来的能力 |
| For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? |
比如 你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势 以便你接收声音吗 |
| Here are two of them. |
看以下两个例子 |
| Reductive listening is listening "for." |
删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听 |
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Reductive:adj.还原的;减少的;n.[助剂]还原剂;
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| It reduces everything down to what's relevant , and it discards everything that's not relevant. |
它会只关注你想要知道的东西 而忽略无关紧要的内容 |
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relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的; discards:n.抛弃物,废物(discard的复数形式);v.丢弃(discard的第三人称单数形式);
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| Men typically listen reductively . |
男人通常会删减性的倾听 |
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typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; reductively:减少地;还原地;有缩减趋势地;
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| So he's saying, "I've got this problem." |
比如一个人说:“我有个问题。” |
| He's saying, "Here's your solution . Thanks very much. Next." |
另一个人说:“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。” |
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solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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| That's the way we talk, right guys? |
这就是我们谈话的方式,对吧,男士们？ |
| Expansive listening, on the other hand , is listening "with," not listening "for." |
而另外一种,扩展性的倾听 是“无目的”,“无选择”的听 |
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Expansive:adj.广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的; on the other hand:另一方面;
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| It's got no destination in mind. |
你脑海里并没有明确的目标 |
| It's just enjoying the journey . |
而只是享受听的过程 |
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journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
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| Women typically listen expansively . |
女人通常会扩展性的倾听 |
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expansively:adv.辽阔地;可扩张地;
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| If you look at these two, eye contact , facing each other, possibly both talking at the same time . |
看看这两位,面对面,保持眼神交流 可能两人同时都在说话 |
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contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships. |
男士们,如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味, 试试扩展性的倾听, 或许可以改善你们的关系。 |
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transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
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| The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear is noise, surrounding us all the time. |
倾听的问题就是我们听到的许多声音 都是噪音,并且时刻侵扰着我们。 |
| Noise like this, according to the European Union , is reducing the health and the quality of life of 25 percent of the population of Europe. |
根据欧盟的统计,这种程度的噪音 正在降低欧洲总人数的 25%的人口的 健康和生活质量。 |
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according to:根据,据说; European Union:n.欧洲联盟;
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| Two percent of the population of Europe -- that's 16 million people -- are having their sleep devastated by noise like that. |
欧洲总人数的百分之二—— 就是1600万人 都被这样的噪音 干扰睡眠。 |
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devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式)
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| Noise kills 200,000 people a year in Europe. |
每年,噪音 都会夺去欧洲20万人的生命。 |
| It's a really big problem. |
这的确是个严重的问题。 |
| Now, when you were little, if you had noise, and you didn't want to hear it, you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum . |
当你小时候听到噪音,并想摆脱它时, 你会捂住耳朵小声哼哼。 |
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hum:n.嗡嗡声; v.哼(歌曲);
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| These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler. |
现在,你可以做类似的事情,看起来还更酷。 |
| It looks a bit like this. |
就是用这个。 |
| The trouble with widespread headphone use is it brings three really big health issues . |
耳机的广泛使用带来的后果是 三大严重的健康问题。 |
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widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的; headphone:n.双耳式耳机;头载数话器;戴在头上的收话器; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
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| The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: "schizophonia." |
第一大严重的健康问题,根据Murray Schafer的话说,就是 “幻听” |
| It's a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. |
这是一种错乱, 使你看到的和听到的并不一致。 |
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dislocation:n.转位;混乱;[医]脱臼;
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| So, we're inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. |
所以,我们的生活中, 就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。 |
| I think there's something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia. |
我认为时时处于“幻听”中 对健康十分不利。 |
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unhealthy:不健康的
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| The second problem that comes with headphone abuse is compression . |
与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题 是压缩音乐。 |
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abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; compression:n.压缩,浓缩;压榨,压迫;
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| We squash music to fit it into our pocket. |
我们压缩音乐,以便能装进口袋, |
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squash:v.镇压;使沉默;受挤压;挤入;n.壁球;挤压;咯吱声;南瓜属植物;(英)果汁饮料;
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| and there is a cost attached to this. |
然而也付出了代价。 |
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attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
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| Listen to this. This is an uncompressed piece of music. |
听听这个,是一段没有压缩的音乐。 |
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uncompressed:adj.未压缩的;
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| (Music) |
（音乐） |
| And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed. |
同样的一段音乐,但却少了98%的信息。 |
| (Music) |
（音乐） |
| I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. |
我希望至少有一部分人 能听出其中的差别。 |
| There is a cost of compression. |
这就是压缩音乐的代价。 |
| It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. |
为了补上丢失的信息,你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。 |
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irritable:adj.过敏的;急躁的;易怒的;
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| You're having to imagine it. |
你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。 |
| It's not good for you in the long run . |
长期下去,会对健康不利。 |
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in the long run:长远;终究;
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| The third problem with headphones is this: deafness -- noise-induced hearing disorder . |
滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是——耳聋 即噪音导致的听觉紊乱。 |
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headphones:n.[电讯]耳机;听筒;[电子]头戴式受话器;(headphone的复数) deafness:n.聋;听力不佳; noise-induced:[生物物理]噪声诱发的; disorder:n.混乱;骚乱;vt.使失调;扰乱;
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| 10 million Americans already have this for one reason or another, but really worryingly , 16 percent, roughly one in six, of American teenagers suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder as a result of headphone abuse. |
1000万美国人已经因为各种原因换上了此症, 但最让人担心的是, 其中16% 就是约每六个青少年中就有一个 因为滥用耳机 患上了噪音导致的听觉紊乱。 |
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worryingly:adv.焦虑地;烦恼地; roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; as a result:结果;
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| One study at an American university found that 61 percent of college freshmen had damaged hearing as a result of headphone abuse. |
美国一所大学的调查显示 61%大一新生 由于滥用耳机 听力有损伤 |
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freshmen:n.大学一年级新生;新手(freshman的复数);
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| We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people. |
我们正在培养的这一代人可能听力都有障碍。 |
| Now that's a really serious problem. |
这个问题的确很严峻。 |
| I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears, and pass these on to your children, please. |
我来告诉你们三种简单的方法保护听力, 也请你们转告你们的孩子。 |
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tips:n.尖端; v.(使)倾斜,翻覆; (tip的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Professional hearing protectors are great; |
专业的听力保护器是个不错的选择 |
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Professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; protectors:n.保护者;[电]保护装置(protector的复数);
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| I use them all the time. |
我就经常使用 |
| If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford , because quality means you don't have to have it so loud. |
如果你们要使用耳机 也请买你能付得起的最好的一种 因为质量好意味着音量不用太大 |
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afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
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| If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice, it's too loud. |
如果别人大声跟你讲话 你都听不到的话 你的音量就太大了 |
| And thirdly, if you're in bad sound, it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it. |
第三 当你听到噪音时 最好用手指护住耳朵 或者远离噪音 |
| Protect you ears in that way. |
请使用这些护耳的方法 |
| Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. |
不谈噪音了 我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友 |
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seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求;
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| WWB: |
风水鸟 |
| Wind, water, birds -- stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. |
风声 水声 鸟声 大自然的声音 它们都由各种不同的细节组成 对健康十分有好处 因为都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音 |
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stochastic:adj.[数]随机的;猜测的; composed:adj.由…组成的; v.组成; (compose的过去分词和过去式) random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式)
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| Seek those sounds out; they're good for you, and so it this. |
寻求这些声音吧 对你们有好处 还有这个 |
| Silence is beautiful. |
安静是美好的。 |
| The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. |
古人曾把语言比作 修饰过的安静 |
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described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) decorated:v.装饰;装潢;粉刷;点缀;装点;(decorate的过去分词和过去式)
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| I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art. |
我建议你们刻意地远离安静 去设计像艺术品一样的声音的图画 |
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intention:n.意图;目的;意向;愈合; soundscapes:音画;声景;音声环境;
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| Have a foreground , a background, all in beautiful proportion . |
有前景 有背景 并且比例协调 |
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foreground:n.前景;最显著的位置; proportion:n.比例;部分;份额;均衡;v.摊派;使相称;
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| It's fun to get into designing with sound. |
设计声音是很有趣的 |
| If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. |
如果自己不会做的话 可以找专业人士帮忙 |
| Sound design is the future, and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds. |
声音设计就是未来 也是一种方法让世界变得好听 |
| I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities , eight ways sound can improve health. |
我现在快速地向你们介绍八种方法 八种声音可以改善健康的方法 |
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modalities:n.形式;形态(modality的复数);样式; improve:v.改进;改善;
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| First, ultrasound : we're very familiar with it from physical therapy . |
首先 超声波 我们都熟知它在物理疗法中的作用 |
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ultrasound:n.超声;超音波; familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; physical therapy:n.理疗;物理疗法;
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| It's also now being used to treat cancer . |
它现在也被用于治疗癌症 |
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treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
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| Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound. |
碎石术 每年可以拯救上千条生命 它利用高强度的声音粉碎结石 |
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Lithotripsy:n.碎石术; scalpel:n.解剖刀;外科手术刀; pulverizing:v.磨粉(pulverize的ing形式); high-intensity:n.[力]高强度;
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| Sound healing is a wonderful modality . |
声音治疗法也是不错的方法 |
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healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词) modality:n.形式,形态;程序;物理疗法;主要的感觉;
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| It's been around for thousands of years. |
它已经有上千年的历史 |
| I do urge you to explore this. |
我希望你们能关注它 |
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explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
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| There are great things being done there, treating now autism , dementia and other conditions. |
因为它做出了许多贡献 包括治疗孤独症 痴呆和其他病症 |
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treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) autism:n.[心理][内科]孤独症;自我中心主义; dementia:n.[内科]痴呆;
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| And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you, if it's music that's made with good intention, made with love, generally . |
当然还有音乐 听音乐对你有好处 如果它的创作动机是好的 是有爱的 |
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generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地;
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| Devotional music, good. Mozart, good. |
虔诚的音乐 不错 莫扎特 也不错 |
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Devotional:adj.虔诚的,祷告的;信仰的;献身的;
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| There are all sorts of types of music that are very healthy. |
有各种各样的音乐 十分利于健康 |
| And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved . |
还有四种方法需要你采取行动 参与其中 |
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involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
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| First of all , listen consciously . |
首先 专心地听 |
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First of all:adv.首先; consciously:adv.自觉地;有意识地;
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| I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that. |
我希望在我的讲话过后 你们就能去这样做 |
| It's a whole new dimension to your life, and it's wonderful to have that dimension. |
这会是你们人生全新的、美好的一面 |
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dimension:n.方面;[数]维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸;adj.规格的;
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| Secondly, get in touch with making some sound. |
第二 试着自己弄出点声响 |
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in touch with:同…有联系,和…有接触;
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| Create sound. |
创造声音 |
| The voice is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained. |
声音是我们都会使用的乐器 但多少人接受训练 学会利用我们自己的声音？ 尝试训练一下吧。 |
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instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
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| Learn to sing. Learn to play an instrument. |
学着歌唱 学习演奏一种乐器 |
| Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true. |
音乐家都有更发达的大脑 这话不假 |
| You can do this in groups as well. |
也可以尝试和大家一起这样做 |
| It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia, to make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly . |
和一大群人创造音乐 是缓解幻听的非常好的办法 任何你喜欢的方式都是不错的 |
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fantastic:奇异的,空想的 antidote:n.[药]解毒剂;解药;矫正方法; whichever:pron.任何一个;无论哪个;adj.无论哪个;无论哪些; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
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| And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us. |
让我们主宰周围的声音 |
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stewarding:n.管家; v.当服务员; (steward的现在分词)
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| Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely . |
保护听力 这是当然 |
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absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
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| Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. |
不管在家里还是工作中 设计并创作出 好听的声音 |
| And let's start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on. |
当有人用我之前播过的噪音 来攻击我们的时候 让我们大声地给与它们还击 |
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assailing:vt.攻击;质问;着手解决;
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| So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now to improve your health with sound. |
因此 我告诉你们7件现在就可以做的事情 帮助改善你们的听觉健康 |
| My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful, and if we all start doing these things, we will take a very big step in that direction. |
我的目标是使这个世界变得更加好听 如果我们现在就开始做这些事的话 我们就会迈出重要的一步 |
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vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
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| So I urge you to take that path. |
所以我呼吁大家一同迈出这一步 |
| I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong , which is very good for you. |
我以一小段鸟的歌声来结束我的讲话 它对你们有好处 |
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birdsong:n.鸟鸣声;
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| I wish you sound health. |
祝大家听力健康 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |