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JuliaShaw_2018X-_将记忆变为证据，骚扰与歧视将无处可藏_
Me Too and Time's Up have highlighted that harassment and discrimination are a shockingly common part of many people's lived reality, and that this reality extends into the workplace . “我也是”和“时间到了”这样的活动, 凸显了骚扰和歧视 在很多人的现实生活中 并不罕见,甚至还延续到了 工作场所,这很令人震惊。
highlighted:adj.突出的;v.使显著;照亮(highlight的过去分词); discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力; shockingly:adv.怕人地,非常地;不正当地; extends:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;使延期;(extend的第三人称单数) workplace:n.工作场所;车间;
Whether in tech or finance , sports or the service industry , every day we seem to hear another story about an abuse of power or another grossly inappropriate workplace behavior. 不管在科技还是金融, 体育或其他服务行业, 每天我们似乎都会听到另一个 关于在工作场所滥用权力, 或者表现出不当行为的故事。
finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; service industry:na.服务性行业; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; grossly:adv.很;非常; inappropriate:adj.不适当的;不相称的;
People are furious . 人们非常愤怒。
furious:adj.激烈的;狂怒的;热烈兴奋的;喧闹的;
They're taking to Twitter and social media to voice that this must change. 他们在推特和其他 社交媒体上呼吁改变现状。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
But it's time to move beyond the hashtag . 但现在,是时候在话题标签 之外采取更进一步的行动了。
hashtag:n.标签;
It's time for us to report harassment and discrimination to those who can fix this mess . 是时候将骚扰和歧视行为举报给那些 能够解决这些问题的人了。
mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
And it's time for us to talk about harassment in a more inclusive way: not just about sexual harassment , but to encourage people to come forward about harassment and discrimination based on other characteristics such as age, disability or ethnicity . 也是时候,让我们以更广泛的方式 讨论骚扰: 除了性骚扰, 同时也鼓励人们更进一步 去讨论基于其他特征的骚扰和歧视, 比如针对年龄,残疾或种族的歧视。
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的; sexual harassment:n.性骚扰; characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件; ethnicity:n.种族划分;
Because only together can we fix the underlying causes and consequences of harassment. 因为只有团结起来,我们才能修正 骚扰背后的原因和所导致的后果。
underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
You see, most of us will, at some point in our lives, experience workplace harassment or discrimination. 很明显,我们大多数人, 在生活中的某些时候, 多多少少会遭受办公室骚扰或歧视。
Research shows that particularly women, people of color and people who openly identify as LGBTQI are likely to be targeted, and for some people, this is a pervasive and persistent part of their reality. 研究显示,尤其是女性,有色人群, 以及公开承认自己是LGBTQI的 人群更容易成为攻击目标, 对其中有些人,这是他们 现实生活中普遍且持久的一部分。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的; persistent:adj.固执的,坚持的;持久稳固的;
And for most of these people -- 98 percent according to some studies -- most of these people will never speak up and tell their employer . 并且对于大部分这些人—— 根据一些研究,这个数字是98%—— 绝大部分人不会站出来向雇主举报。
according to:根据,据说; employer:n.雇主,老板;
Too often, harassment and discrimination is a lonely and isolating experience, but we need to help people out from under their desks. 骚扰和歧视往往是一种 孤立和隔离的经历, 但我们需要帮助人们克服恐惧,
isolating:adj.孤立的;绝缘的;v.使隔离;使绝缘(isolate的ing形式);
We need to empower people to have a voice. 我们需要赋予人们发声的权力。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够;
The reasonable first question that everybody asks once they've been harassed is "What do I do now?" 一旦遭受了骚扰, 多数人通常会问的一个问题是: “我现在应该做什么？”
reasonable:adj.合理的,公道的;通情达理的; harassed:adj.疲惫焦虑的;v.侵扰;骚扰;不断攻击(敌人);(harass的过去分词和过去式)
And this is what I want to help you with. 这正是我想帮助你们的地方。
Navigating the barriers to reporting can be absolutely dizzying . 克服举报过程中的层层障碍 绝对会让人感动手足无措。
Navigating:v.航行,操纵(navigate的现在分词形式);adj.航行的,航行中; barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式); absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; dizzying:adj.使人眩晕的;使人头昏眼花的;
How can we speak up in a society that too often discredits or diminishes our experiences? 我们该如何在经常 抹黑或削弱我们经历的 社会中发出自己的声音？
discredits:vt.不信;使…丢脸;n.怀疑;无信用;名声的败坏; diminishes:(使)减少,缩小;减损(diminish的第三人称单数);
How can we speak up in a society that is likely to be retributive towards us? 我们该如何在经常 把这些情况视为我们 罪有应得的社会中发出声音？
retributive:adj.报应的;惩罚的;
How can we deal with the silencing that goes on all around us? 我们该如何应对周遭的沉默？
Making matters worse, often our memories are the only evidence we have of what happened. 更糟的是, 通常我们的记忆是发生过的 事情的唯一证据。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
Now, here's where I can come in. 这就是我可以介入的地方。
I'm a memory scientist, and I specialize in how we remember important emotional events. 我是记忆科学家。 我专门研究我们如何记住 重要的情感事件。
specialize in:专门研究…; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
I've particularly focused on how the memory interview process can severely impact the evidentiary quality of reports that we produce. 我特别关注记忆访谈过程 是如何严重影响我们在 举报中所列举的证据的质量。
interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; severely:adv.严重地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; evidentiary:adj.证据的;
A bad interview can lead you to forget details or misremember them while a good interview can forever change your life for the better . 糟糕的访谈会让你 忘记或者记错细节, 而好的访谈会让你的 生活变得更好。
misremember:vt.记错; for the better:好转,向好的方向发展;
After looking at lab reports and working, studying this issue both in the courtroom and in research settings, 在看了实验报告, 并在法庭和研究环境中 分析过这个问题后,
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; courtroom:n.法庭;审判室;
I've dissected all the different things that can go wrong with our memories that can really threaten your case. 我已经剖析了我们记忆中 所有可能出错, 并真正会威胁到你的情况的东西。
dissected:v.解剖;仔细研究;详细评论;剖析;(dissect的过去式和过去分词)
And now I'm turning my attention to helping people tackle recording and reporting of workplace harassment and discrimination. 现在我把注意力转向帮助人们 解决工作场所骚扰和歧视的 记录和举报问题。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
There's three things that I've learned from my research on this that you can immediately apply if you've been harassed or discriminated against at work. 假如你在工作中 遭受了骚扰和歧视, 你可以立即应用 我在这项研究中学到的三点经验。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; discriminated:辨别;
I want to help you turn your memory into evidence -- evidence that even a memory skeptic like me is unlikely to find fault with . 我想要帮助你们 把记忆变成证据—— 这种连我这样的证据怀疑者 都找不出漏洞的证据。
skeptic:n.怀疑论者;怀疑者;无神论者;sceptic(英); unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的; find fault with:挑剔;批评;抱怨;
First of all , James Comey had it right. 首先,詹姆斯 · 科米是对的。
First of all:adv.首先;
The former head of the FBI used to sit in his car, lock himself in after meetings with the president and write down absolutely everything he could remember about what happened. 这位前联邦调查局的局长 曾坐在自己的车上, 在与总统的会面后 把自己反锁在车内, 写下他能回想到的一切细节。
The now-famous recordings proved to be quite useful later on. 这段已经人尽皆知的录音 后来被证明非常有用。
Be like Comey. 大家可以像科米那样做。
Now, you don't need to lock yourself into your car to do this, but please, immediately after something happens, 不过,你并不需要把自己 也这样锁在车内, 但我想请你在事情发生后
I want you to contemporaneously record what happened. 立刻记下发生了什么。
contemporaneously:同时;
And do this before talking to anyone else about it. 在此之前,请不要 跟任何其他人谈论这件事。
Because as soon as your share your story with friends or family or colleagues or therapists , you have the potential to distort or change your memory of the event. 因为一旦你跟朋友或家人, 同事或诊疗师分享你的故事, 你就有可能扭曲或 改变你对事件的记忆。
as soon as:一…就; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); therapists:n.治疗专家(therapist的复数); potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; distort:v.使变形;扭曲;使失真;歪曲;
Uncontaminated , contemporaneous evidence is worth gold. 未受污染的即时证据价值连城。
Uncontaminated:adj.未被损害的;未受污染的;
Second: the type of evidence matters. 第二点:证据的类型很关键。
Sure, you can do a handwritten note of what happens, but how do you prove when you wrote it? 当然,你可以手写下发生的事情, 但你如何向人们证明 你写下的时间？
handwritten:adj.手写的;v.handwrite的过去分词;
Instead, pull out your computer or smartphone and make a note that's time-stamped , where you can prove this was recorded at this time. 反之,拿出你的电脑或智能手机, 然后做个有时间戳的笔记, 这样你就能够证明是 在这个时间记录的。
smartphone:n.智能手机; time-stamped:时戳;
Contemporaneous, time-stamped evidence is better. 即时的,有时间戳的证据要更好。
Finally , make sure what you're writing down is actually relevant . 最后,确保你所写下的 内容是切实相关的。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
Too often, we see that people bring out Facebook messages, they bring out time-stamped pieces of evidence, but sure, they're not particularly relevant, they're not particularly useful. 往往,我们看到 人们拿出脸书消息, 他们拿出标有时间戳的证据, 但遗憾的是,这些证据不是特别相关, 起不到显着的作用。
bring out:出版,生产;使显示;说出;
It's easy to write an emotional, unstructured account of what happened -- understandable because it's an emotional experience -- but those might not actually be the details that matter later on for an investigation. 对所发生的事写下一篇情绪化, 没条理的描述是很容易的—— 这一点可以理解,因为 这是一段情感经历—— 但这可能并不是以后调查所需要的 重要细节。
unstructured:adj.无社会组织的;松散的;非正式组成的; understandable:adj.可以理解的;可以了解的;
Write down this list. 写下这个清单。
I want you to keep track of this and simply fill in the blanks. 我想让你们记住这一点, 只需要填空就好。
keep track of:记录;与…保持联系;
First of all, what happened? 首先,发生了什么？
In as much detail as possible, describe the situation, and do it on the day it happened if at all possible. 要尽可能详细的 描述当时的情景, 如果可能的话,在事情 发生的当天就去做。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
Second, who was there? 第二,谁在那里？
Were there any witnesses ? 有没有目击者？
witnesses:n.[法]证人; v.作证;
This becomes crucial potentially later on. 这一点在后续可能会变得至关重要。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
What exact time and date did this happen? 事情发生的确切时间和日期是什么？
What location ? Where did this happen? 还有地点。发生在哪里？
location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
Who did you tell after the event? 事情发生后,你告诉了谁？
How did it make you feel during and after it happened? 事情发生时和发生后, 你感受如何？
And is there any other evidence such as WhatsApps, photos or emails that might lend more credibility to your case. 有没有诸如WhatsApp,照片或 电子邮件这样的任何其他证据 可以让你的经历更加可信？
credibility:n.可信性;确实性;
These are all details that are incredibly easy to record contemporaneously but are also incredibly easy to forget later on. 这些都是非常容易 即时记录下来的细节, 但也可能很快就被忘记了。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
Humans, according to research, often overestimate their ability to remember important emotional details later on. 有研究表明,人类往往高估了他们 后续回想起重要情感细节的能力。
overestimate:v.高估;n.过高的评估;
Assume that you're going to forget. 那就要假设你会忘记,
Assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现;
Assume you have to write it down. 假设你必须把它写下来。
Now, these three pieces of advice are a good start, but of course they don't overcome a lot of the other barriers to reporting. 这三个建议开了个好头, 不过当然,它们没法克服 举报过程中的许多其他障碍。
overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
According to the Equality and Human Rights Commission , which published a report in 2018, there's one key recommendation to overcome some of the other fears often associated with reporting these kinds of incidents to your employer. 根据人权和平等委员会 2018 年发布的报告, 有一个重要建议可以帮助你克服 向雇主举报此类事件时 经常出现的其他一些恐惧。
Commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作; recommendation:n.推荐;介绍;提议;正式建议; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
One piece of advice that they made? 他们提出了一条什么样的建议呢？
Have an online, anonymous reporting tool. 使用在线的匿名举报工具。
anonymous:adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的;
Only that way, they say, can you truly overcome many of the fears associated with reporting. 他们说,只有这样, 你才能真正克服与 举报相关的许多恐惧。
Only that:只是;要不是;
Now, in line with this, and informed by what was happening all around me and taking and applying the memory science, the science that I had been doing for many years, 有了这一点, 并且了解了周遭发生的一切, 同时采纳并应用记忆科学, 这个我从事了多年的科学,
in line with:符合;与…一致; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式) applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词)
I sat down with a number of people 我跟许多人
Spot is an online, anonymous reporting tool that helps you record and report workplace harassment and discrimination. Spot是个在线的匿名举报工具, 可以帮助你记录和 举报工作场所的骚扰和歧视。
It allows you to do it anonymously , it allows you to do it for free, and it's completely evidence-based . 你可以匿名使用, 完全免费, 并且是完全基于证据的。
anonymously:adv.不具名地;化名地; evidence-based:adj.基于证据的;
You don't have to talk to a person, there's no fear of judgment , and you can do it whenever and wherever you need. 你不需要跟人谈话, 不必担心别人的评判, 也可以随时随地使用。
judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力;
Now you have the power to walk through an evidence-based memory interview. 现在你有了接受基于证据的 记忆访谈的能力。
Now, this is called a cognitive interview. 这被称为认知访谈。
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的;
This is the same technique that police use when they're doing their job properly. 这跟警察正常工作时 采用的是同一种技巧。
technique:n.技巧,技术;手法;
So in best-case scenarios , people who are being asked about important emotional events are being asked in line with the cognitive interview. 所以在最好的情况下, 经历重要感情事件的人 会被用类似认知访谈的方式进行询问。
best-case:adj.为最佳情况设计的;供最佳情况下使用的;从最佳情况考虑的; scenarios:n.情节;脚本;情景介绍(scenario的复数);
Now, this walks you through all the relevant information so that at the end, after you've talked to the bot -- which is an automatic messaging system -- after you've talked to the bot, 这个工具会引导你 浏览所有相关信息, 所以最后,在你跟机器人谈完后—— 也就是自动消息系统—— 在你跟机器人聊完后,
automatic:adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的;n.自动步枪;自动换挡汽车;
it generates a PDF record that's time-stamped and securely signed that you can keep for yourself as evidence in case you want to share it later, or you can submit it to your employer right away . 它会生成带时间戳和 安全签名的PDF记录, 可以保存下来作为证据 以免你后面想要分享, 或者立刻向你的雇主提交。
generates:[计]生成;发生; securely:adv.安全地;牢固地;安心地;有把握地; submit:vt.使服从;主张;呈递;vi.提交;服从; right away:立刻;
And in line with recommendations , you can submit it to your employer anonymously. 根据建议, 你也可以匿名向你的雇主提交。
recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
But a reporting tool is only as useful as the audience that's listening. 但一个举报工具只有在 听众愿意倾听时才有用。
So if your employer is truly committed to change, we've decided to also offer them the tool to respond . 所以如果你的雇主真的想要改变, 我们已经决定也为他们 提供回应工具。
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
So if organizations work with us and are truly committed to doing something about workplace harassment and discrimination, they're also able to respond to you even if you've chosen to stay anonymous. 所以如果各个组织与我们合作, 真正对办公室骚扰 和歧视做点事情, 他们也能够回应你, 即便你选择匿名。
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
We think it's important that you can work together with your employer to tackle this issue. 我们认为,你能够跟雇主 一起努力来解决这个问题 是非常重要的。
We think that everybody wins when we bring light into this dark issue. 我们认为,当我们为解决这一问题 带来曙光,每个人都是受益者。
Whether it happens to you or to someone you know, recording and reporting what happened can really improve how we talk about these issues . 不管这件事发生在你身上, 还是发生在你认识的人身上, 记录和举报发生的事情 可以真正改善我们 如何谈论这些问题。
improve:v.改进;改善; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
And if you're an organization, this is a call to give your employees access to better and more effective reporting mechanisms . 如果你是个组织, 这是一个让你的员工接触 更好,更有效的举报机制的倡议。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
We know that the current methods that are used in most organizations don't work effectively. 我们知道大部分组织 目前所使用的方法 不是很有效。
It's time to change that if you're committed to inclusion and diversity . 如果你致力于包容和多样性, 那么是时候改变这种状况了。
inclusion:n.包含;内含物; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
It's time for us to celebrate our diversity. 是时候庆祝我们的多样性了。
It's time for us to give a voice to those who have for too long been denied one. 现在是为那些长期以来 被剥夺发言权的人 发声的时候了。
denied:v.否认;拒绝;否定;不承认;(deny的过去分词和过去式)
It's time for us to celebrate those who come forward, even if they feel they need to stay anonymous -- to stay masked to do so. 现在是赞美那些挺身而出, 即使他们觉得需要保持匿名—— 隐姓埋名的举报者的时候了。
It's time for a reporting revolution . 是时候进行一场举报的革命了。
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌,呐喊）