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JuliaBacha_2011G-_关注非暴力_
I'm a filmmaker . 我是一个电影制片人
filmmaker:n.电影制作人;电影摄制者;
For the last 8 years, 在过去的八年中
I have dedicated my life to documenting the work of Israelis and Palestinians who are trying to end the conflict using peaceful means. 我全身心 投入到了 关于以色列人和巴勒斯坦人 用和平方式解决冲突的 纪录片拍摄中
dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) Israelis:以色列人,以色列国民(Israeli的名词复数); conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
When I travel with my work across Europe and the United States, one question always comes up: 每当我为了工作了出差 无论在欧洲还是美国 我总碰到一个问题
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
Where is the Palestinian Gandhi ? 巴勒斯坦的甘地在哪里
Palestinian:adj.巴勒斯坦的;巴勒斯坦人的;n.巴勒斯坦人; Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖);
Why aren't Palestinians using nonviolent resistance ? 为什么巴勒斯坦人 不采用非暴力抵抗
nonviolent:adj.非暴力的;不使用暴力的; resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力;
The challenge I face when I hear this question is that often I have just returned from the Middle East where I spent my time filming dozens of Palestinians who are using nonviolence to defend their lands and water resources from Israeli soldiers and settlers . 每当我听到这个问题就感到为难 因为这时 我往往才从中东工作回来 在那里 我的工作是 拍摄几十位巴勒斯坦人 他们通过非暴力的手段 保卫土地 和水资源 免受以色列士兵和定居者的剥夺
Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部); nonviolence:n.非暴力;非暴力事件; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); settlers:n.移民;殖民者;(settler的复数)
These leaders are trying to forge a massive national nonviolent movement to end the occupation and build peace in the region . 这些领导人正在努力 组织一场全国范围的大规模非暴力运动 来结束侵占 在这个地区建和平
forge:v.锻造; n.锻压; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; occupation:n.职业;占领;占用;工作; region:n.地区;范围;部位;
Yet, most of you have probably never heard about them. 然而 大多数人 可能从来没有听说过他们
This divide between what's happening on the ground and perceptions abroad is one of the key reasons why we don't have yet a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement that has been successful. 真相与外界猜想 之间的隔阂 就是关键原因之一 解释为何 巴勒斯坦和平抵抗运动 尚未取得成功
perceptions:n.认知;观念(perception的复数);理解; abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国;
So I'm here today to talk about the power of attention, the power of your attention, and the emergence and development of nonviolent movements in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere -- but today, my case study is going to be Palestine. 我今天来 谈论的是关注的力量 你们的关注的力量 以及约旦河西岸 加沙地带和其它地方 非暴力运动的兴起和发展 而今天 我案例分析的主角是巴勒斯坦
emergence:n.出现,浮现;发生;露头; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; case study:n.个案研究;专题研究;案例研究;
I believe that what's mostly missing for nonviolence to grow is not for Palestinians to start adopting nonviolence, but for us to start paying attention to those who already are. 我认为非暴力运动的成长 最欠缺的 并不是让巴勒斯坦人 开始进行非暴力运动 而是让我们开始关注 那些早已开始非暴力运动的人
adopting:v.收养;领养;采用;表决采纳;(adopt的现在分词)
Allow me to illustrate this point by taking you to this village called Budrus. 请容我带领你们进入这个村庄 来解释这个道理 这个村庄叫布德鲁斯
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
About seven years ago, they faced extinction , because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier , and part of this barrier would be built on top of the village. 大约七年前 这里的人们面临着灭顶之灾 以色列宣布它将筑起一堵围墙 而其中一段 将跨过这个村庄
extinction:n.绝种; separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
They would lose 40 percent of their land and be surrounded, so they would lose free access to the rest of the West Bank. 村民将失去40%的土地 并被包围起来 失去从这里进入 约旦河西岸地区的自由
Through inspired local leadership, they launched a peaceful resistance campaign to stop that from happening. 在当地领导人的激励下 他们发动了一场和平抵抗运动 以避免发生这样的结果
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词)
Let me show you some brief clips , so you have a sense for what that actually looked like on the ground. 我给大家播放影片的一些片断 让你们大致了解 实地发生的情况
clips:n.夹子; v.夹住;
(Music) （音乐响起）
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall would separate Palestine from Israel. 巴勒斯坦女子:他们说那堵围墙 会将巴勒斯坦和以色列分隔开来
Here in Budrus, we realized the wall would steal our land. 在布德鲁斯 我们意识到 那堵墙会抢占我们的土地
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact, created a solution to terror. 以色列男子:这堵围墙事实上 是防止恐怖行动的一项解决方法
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
Man: Today you're invited to a peaceful march. 今天 我号召大家 加入一场和平的游行
You are joined by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters. 与你们并肩行动的 是几十位以色列兄弟姊妹
Israeli Activist : Nothing scares the army more than nonviolent opposition . 以色列行动主义者: 最令军队害怕的 就是非暴力抵抗
Activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子; opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗;
Woman: We saw the men trying to push the soldiers, but none of them could do that. 女子: 我们看到男人们 试图推开那些士兵 但是没有人成功
But I think the girls could do it. 而我认为姑娘们能够做到
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds of traditional thinking. 法塔赫组织成员:我们必须清空头脑中 传统的观念
traditional:传统的,惯例的,
Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony , and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine. 哈马斯组织成员: 我们是完全和平的 我们希望让它遍及整个巴勒斯坦
harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和;
Chanting : One united nation. 口号声:团结一致的民族
Chanting:念咒;
Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front ! 法塔赫 哈马斯 人民阵线
Popular Front:n.人民阵线(指有社会主义目标的政治团体或政党);
News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue. 新闻主播:围墙附近的冲突仍在继续
clashes:n.打架,冲突; v.打斗;
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd. 记者:以色列边警受命驱逐抗议人群
disperse:v.分散;驱散;疏散;散布;adj.分散的;弥散的
They were allowed to use any force necessary. 他们被允许采用一切必要的强制手段
(Gunshots) （枪声）
Man: These are live bullets . 男子:他们正在开火
bullets:n.子弹;弹丸;(bullet的复数)
It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere. 这里就像费卢杰（伊拉克城市） 到处是枪声
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die. 以色列行动主义者:我知道我们是去送死
But there were others around me who weren't even cowering . 但是我身边的许多人没有一丝畏惧
cowering:v.(因恐惧而)蜷缩,畏缩,退缩;(cower的现在分词)
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest is not going to stop the [unclear]. 以色列士兵:一场非暴力抗议 无法阻止我们建立这堵墙
protest:n.抗议;抗议书(或行动);反对;v.(公开)反对;抗议;申辩;
Protester : This is a peaceful march. 抗议者:这是一场和平的示威游行
Protester:n.抗议者;反对者;持异议者;
There is no need to use violence. 我们不需要使用暴力
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it! 口号声:我们必胜 我们必胜
We can do it! 我们必胜
Julia Bacha: When I first heard about the story of Budrus, 朱莉娅·帕夏:当我第一次 听说布德鲁斯的这段故事
I was surprised that the international media had failed to cover the extraordinary set of events that happened seven years ago, in 2003. 我感到非常惊讶 全球媒体居然 没有报道在2003年 也就是七年以前所发生的 这一系列了不起的事件
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
What was even more surprising was the fact that Budrus was successful. 而更令人吃惊的是 布德鲁斯最终取得了胜利
The residents , after 10 months of peaceful resistance, convinced the Israeli government to move the route of the barrier off their lands and to the green line, which is the internationally recognized boundary between Israel and the Palestinian Territories . 经过长达10个月的和平抵抗运动 那里的居民 说服了以色列政府 将围墙从他们的土地迁出 转而迁到绿线上 也就是国际公认的 巴以领土分界线上
residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数) convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送; internationally:adv.国际性地;在国际间; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线; Territories:n.地区;领土;边疆区(territory的复数);
The resistance in Budrus has since spread to villages across the West Bank and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem . 布德鲁斯的抵抗运动的影响 从此遍及 约旦河西岸的所有村庄 以及耶路撒冷境内的巴勒斯坦人居住区
Jerusalem:n.耶路撒冷(以色列首都);
Yet the media remains mostly silent on these stories. 然而 媒体对这些事件 几乎只字未提
This silence carries profound consequences for the likelihood that nonviolence can grow, or even survive, in Palestine. 这种漠视 给巴勒斯坦 非暴力运动的成长 甚至生存 产生了沉重的打击
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); likelihood:n.可能性,可能;
Violent resistance and nonviolent resistance share one very important thing in common; they are both a form of theater seeking an audience to their cause. 暴力抵抗 和非暴力抵抗 有一个非常重要的共同点 两者像一个剧院 渴望吸引观众的青睐
seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词)
If violent actors are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers and attracting international attention to the Palestinian issue , it becomes very hard for nonviolent leaders to make the case to their communities that civil disobedience is a viable option in addressing their plight . 如果暴力演员 总是领衔主演 将全球目光 聚焦巴勒斯坦问题 那么 非暴力领导人 就很难向他们的民众证明 和平的反抗 才是带他们脱离苦海的 可行方案
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; front-page:adj.(新闻等的)头版的;重要的;轰动的;vt.把…登在头版; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) civil disobedience:n.非暴力反抗;温和抵抗;不合作主义; viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的; option:n.选择;可选择的东西; plight:n.困境;境况;誓约;vt.保证;约定;
The power of attention is probably going to come as no surprise to the parents in the room. 在座为人父母的 估计对关注的力量 并不陌生
The surest way to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums is by giving him attention the first time he throws a fit. 如果孩子第一次闹脾气 就得到父母的注意 那么你的孩子以后 肯定会闹得更厉害
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; tantrums:n.发脾气;发怒;
The tantrum will become what childhood psychologists call a functional behavior, since the child has learned that he can get parental attention out of it. 闹脾气就会成为 儿童心理学家所说的 功能性行为 孩子学会 用这种方式引起父母的注意
childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); functional:adj.功能的; parental:adj.父母亲的,父母的;亲代的,亲本的;
Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior simply by giving or withdrawing attention to their children. 父母可以通过 关注或不予理睬 来鼓励或抑制此行为
incentivize:以物质刺激鼓励; withdrawing:v.取出;拆下;后退;回收(withdraw的现在分词);
But that's true for adults too. 而这也适用于成年人
In fact, the behavior of entire communities and countries can be influenced , depending on where the international community chooses to focus its attention. 事实上 社区和国家的行为 是能够受到影响而改变的 而这取决于 国际社会 选择关注的方面
influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East and bringing peace is for us to transform nonviolence into a functional behavior by giving a lot more attention to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today. 我相信 解决中东地区的冲突 给这里带来和平 关键是 我们要通过 更多地关注 当地的非暴力领袖 来把非暴力行动转变为一种功能性行为
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
In the course of taking my film to villages in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem, 在约旦河西岸 加沙地带以及东耶路撒冷地区拍摄那里的村庄时
In the course of:在…过程中;在…期间;
I have seen the impact that even one documentary film can have in influencing the transformation . 我亲眼目睹了 区区一部纪录片 对行为转变所带来的影响
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; influencing:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右(influence的现在分词) transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
In a village called Wallajeh, which sits very close to Jerusalem, the community was facing a very similar plight to Budrus. 在离耶路撒冷很近的 一个名叫瓦拉杰的村子 那里的村民面临着 与布德鲁斯相似的困境
They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands and not have freedom of access, either to the West Bank or Jerusalem. 他们即将被包围起来 失去大片土地 无法自由进入 约旦河西岸或耶路撒冷
They had been using nonviolence for about two years but had grown disenchanted since nobody was paying attention. 在进行了长达两年的非暴力抵抗之后 他们最终心灰意冷 因为他们没有得到任何人的注意
disenchanted:adj.不再着迷的; v.使不再着迷(disenchant的过去分词);
So we organized a screening. 于是我们在那里组织播放了纪录片
organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
A week later, they held the most well-attended and disciplined demonstration to date. 一周之后 他们组织了一场在当时 参与人数最多 最有纪律的游行示威
well-attended:adj.有很多人参加的(会议等); disciplined:adj.遵守纪律的; v.训练; (discipline的过去式和过去分词) demonstration:n.示范;演示;论证;证明;
The organizers say that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus documented in a film, felt that there were indeed people following what they were doing, that people cared. 组织者们说 当村民在纪录片中看到 布德鲁斯的故事 他们感觉到 确实有人与他们志同道合 人们是在乎的
organizers:n.主办单位,组织者(organizer的复数形式);
So they kept on going. 于是他们没有放弃
On the Israeli side, there is a new peace movement called Solidariot, which means solidarity in Hebrew . 以色列 有一个新的和平运动 被称为“索里德拉尔特” 在希伯来语中意为“团结一致”
solidarity:n.团结,团结一致; Hebrew:n.希伯来人,犹太人;希伯来语;adj.希伯来语的;希伯来人的;
The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus as one of their primary recruiting tools. 布德鲁斯的故事成为了这个运动的领导者 招兵买马的主要手段之一
recruiting:v.吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);动员;(recruit的现在分词)
They report that Israelis who had never been active before, upon seeing the film, understand the power of nonviolence and start joining their activities. 他们反映说 那些从未加入任何运动的以色列人 看了纪录片之后 了解了非暴力抵抗的力量 并开始加入他们行动
The examples of Wallajeh and the Solidariot movement show that even a small-budget independent film can play a role in transforming nonviolence into a functional behavior. 瓦拉杰 和索里德拉尔特运动的例子 告诉我们 即使是小成本的独立电影 也能够帮助 非暴力抵抗 转变为一种功能性行为
independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等); transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词)
Now imagine the power that big media players could have if they started covering the weekly nonviolent demonstrations happening in villages like Bil'in, Ni'lin, 想象一下 主流媒体若是开始报道 每周在贝拉因 尼亚林 瓦拉杰等村庄 以及耶路撒冷境内的 香克哈拉和西路万
demonstrations:n.示范,展示(demonstration复数);
Wallajeh, in Jerusalem neighborhoods like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan -- the nonviolent leaders would become more visible , valued and effective in their work. 巴勒斯坦居住区里 发生的非暴力示威活动 这将产生多么巨大的力量 更多的人会关注 非暴力运动领导者 重视他们 让他们的工作更有成效
Sheikh:n.族长;阿拉伯酋长(等于sheik); Jarrah:n.红柳桉树(产于澳大利亚,红心,木质坚硬); visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
I believe that the most important thing is to understand that if we don't pay attention to these efforts, they are invisible , and it's as if they never happened. 我相信 最重要的是 我们要认识到 如果我们不关注这些运动 它们就是隐形的 仿佛从来没有发生过
pay attention to:注意 invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
But I have seen first hand that if we do, they will multiply . 但我以亲身经历为证 如果我们关注 这些运动就会得到发展
multiply:vt.乘; vi.乘; v.多样地; adj.多层的;
If they multiply, their influence will grow in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict. 它们一旦发展 其影响力 就会遍及巴以冲突
overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
And theirs is the kind of influence that can finally unblock the situation. 这种影响 能够最终 将冲突化解
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; unblock:vt.除去…的障碍;开启;接通;
These leaders have proven that nonviolence works in places like Budrus. 这些领导者证明了非暴力运动 在布德鲁斯这样的地方是可行的
Let's give them attention so they can prove it works everywhere. 我们一起来关注他们 让他们证明这在任何地方都是可行的
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （众人鼓掌）