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JoyBuolamwini_2016X-_我如何与算法偏见对抗_
Hello, I'm Joy, a poet of code, on a mission to stop an unseen force that's rising, a force that I called "the coded gaze ," 大家好 我是乔伊 一位写代码的诗人 我正努力阻止一股 逐渐凸显的无形力量 一种我称为 代码的凝视 的力量
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; unseen:adj.看不见的,未看见的;未经预习的;n.(事前未看过原文的)即席翻译; coded:adj.[计]编码的;电码的;译成电码的;v.译成密码(code的过去式和过去分词); gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视;
my term for algorithmic bias . 这是我用来定义算法偏见的术语
algorithmic:adj.[数]算法的;规则系统的; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
Algorithmic bias, like human bias, results in unfairness . 正如人类之间的偏见 算法偏见也会导致不公平
unfairness:n.不公平,不公正;不正当;
However, algorithms, like viruses, can spread bias on a massive scale at a rapid pace. 然而算法就像病毒一样 会以飞快的速度大范围地 扩散偏见
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
Algorithmic bias can also lead to exclusionary experiences and discriminatory practices. 算法也将会导致排他的经历和 歧视性的做法
exclusionary:adj.排他的; discriminatory:adj.有辨识力的;差别对待的;
Let me show you what I mean. 给大家举个例子
(Video) Joy Boulamwini: Hi, camera. I've got a face. （录像）乔伊·博拉维尼: 嘿 摄像头 我来了
Can you see my face? 你可以看到我的脸吗
No-glasses face? 没有戴眼镜的脸呢
You can see her face. 你可以看到她的脸
What about my face? 那么我的脸呢
I've got a mask. Can you see my mask? 我戴上了一个面罩 你可以看到我的面罩吗
Joy Boulamwini: So how did this happen? 乔伊·博拉维尼: 这是怎么回事呢
Why am I sitting in front of a computer in a white mask, trying to be detected by a cheap webcam ? 为什么我坐在一台电脑前 戴着一个白色的面罩 尝试着被一个廉价的 网络摄像头检测到
detected:v.发现;查明;侦察出;(detect的过去分词和过去式) webcam:n.网络摄像头;
Well, when I'm not fighting the coded gaze as a poet of code, 当我的身份不是写代码的诗人 与 代码的凝视 较劲的时候
I'm a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab, and there I have the opportunity to work on all sorts of whimsical projects, including the Aspire Mirror, a project I did so I could project digital masks onto my reflection . 我是MIT媒体实验室的 一位硕士生 在那里我有机会参与 各种不同的项目 包括激励镜子 一个可以将数字面罩 投射在我的映像上的项目
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; whimsical:adj.古怪的;异想天开的;反复无常的; Aspire:v.渴望(成就);有志(成为); digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思;
So in the morning, if I wanted to feel powerful, 在早上的时候 如果我想充满力量
I could put on a lion. 我可以放上一个狮子的图像
If I wanted to be uplifted , I might have a quote . 如果我想要感到积极向上 我也许就会放上一句格言
uplifted:adj.上升的;举起的;v.提高;抬起(uplift的过去分词形式); quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用;
So I used generic facial recognition software to build the system, but found it was really hard to test it unless I wore a white mask. 我使用通用的人脸识别软件 来搭建系统 但是我发现除非我戴上白色的面罩 否则测试很难成功
generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的; facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可;
Unfortunately , I've run into this issue before. 遗憾的是 我以前 也曾遇到过这种问题
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
When I was an undergraduate at Georgia Tech studying computer science , 当我在佐治亚理工学院 读计算机科学专业本科的时候
undergraduate:n.本科生; computer science:n.计算机科学;
I used to work on social robots, and one of my tasks was to get a robot to play peek-a-boo , a simple turn-taking game where partners cover their face and then uncover it saying, "Peek-a-boo!" 我曾经在一个 社交机器人上进行实验 我的任务之一是 让机器人玩躲猫猫 一个简单的轮换游戏 在游戏中玩伴盖住他们的脸 然后掀开说“躲猫猫！“
peek-a-boo:n.同位穿孔; uncover:v.揭开盖子;发现;揭露;揭发;
The problem is, peek-a-boo doesn't really work if I can't see you, and my robot couldn't see me. 问题是躲猫猫在我不能 看见你的时候不起作用 而我的机器人看不见我
But I borrowed my roommate's face to get the project done, submitted the assignment , and figured, you know what, somebody else will solve this problem. 我只好借了我室友的脸 去完成这个项目 递交了作业 寻思着总会有人 来解决这个问题的把
submitted:v.提交;顺从;投降;表示;认为;建议;(submit的过去分词和过去式) assignment:n.分配:(分派的)工作,任务:
Not too longer after, 不久之后
I was in Hong Kong for an entrepreneurship competition . 我在香港参加一次创业比赛
entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
The organizers decided to take participants on a tour of local start-ups . 组织者决定将各位参与者 带到当地的初创企业参观
organizers:n.主办单位,组织者(organizer的复数形式); participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); start-ups:起动;新兴公司(start-up的名词复数);
One of the start-ups had a social robot, and they decided to do a demo . 其中一个创业公司 有一个社交机器人 他们决定进行一个项目演示
demo:v.试用(尤指软件);演示;示范;n.试样唱片;录音样带;
The demo worked on everybody until it got to me, and you can probably guess it. 这个项目演示对除我之外的 每个人都有效果 你恐怕可以猜到
It couldn't detect my face. 它不能检测到我的脸
I asked the developers what was going on, and it turned out we had used the same generic facial recognition software. 我问开发师到底发生了什么 结果是我们使用了同一款 通用面部识别软件
developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数);
Halfway around the world, 在地球的另一边
I learned that algorithmic bias can travel as quickly as it takes to download some files off of the internet. 我意识到算法偏见 传播得如此之快 只需要从互联网上 下载一些文件
So what's going on? Why isn't my face being detected? 那么到底发生了什么 为什么我的脸没有被检测到
Well, we have to look at how we give machines sight. 我们需要了解我们 如何教会机器识别
Computer vision uses machine learning techniques to do facial recognition. 计算机视觉使用机器学习技术 来进行面部识别
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
So how this works is, you create a training set with examples of faces. 所以你要用一系列脸的样本 创建一个训练体系
This is a face. This is a face. This is not a face. 这是一张脸 这是一张脸 而这不是一张脸
And over time, you can teach a computer how to recognize other faces. 慢慢地你可以教电脑 如何识别其它的脸
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
However, if the training sets aren't really that diverse , any face that deviates too much from the established norm will be harder to detect, which is what was happening to me. 然而如果这个训练集 不是那么的多样化 那些与已建立的标准 偏差较多的脸 将会难以被检测到 而这正是我遭遇的问题
diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; deviates:vi.脱离;越轨;vt.使偏离; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) norm:n.规范;标准;定额;常态;v.规范;规定;
But don't worry -- there's some good news. 不过别担心 我们还有好消息
Training sets don't just materialize out of nowhere . 训练集并不是凭空产生的
materialize:vt.使具体化,使有形;使突然出现;使重物质而轻精神;vi.实现,成形;突然出现; nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的;
We actually can create them. 实际上我们可以创造它们
So there's an opportunity to create full-spectrum training sets that reflect a richer portrait of humanity . 现在就有机会去创造 全波段光谱的训练集 可以反映更加饱满的人类面貌
portrait:n.肖像;描写;半身雕塑像; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
Now you've seen in my examples how social robots was how I found out about exclusion with algorithmic bias. 现在你看到了在我的例子中 社交机器人 使我发现了算法偏见的排他性
But algorithmic bias can also lead to discriminatory practices. 不过算法偏见还会导致 各种歧视性的做法
Across the US, police departments are starting to use facial recognition software in their crime-fighting arsenal . 美国境内的警察局 在打击犯罪的过程中 开始使用面部识别软件
crime-fighting:n.打击犯罪; arsenal:n.兵工厂;军械库;
Georgetown Law published a report showing that one in two adults in the US -- that's 117 million people -- have their faces in facial recognition networks. 乔治敦大学法学院 发表了一个报告 表明在全美两个成年人中就有一个 也就是近1.2亿的人口 他们的面部信息 被储存在了面部识别网络中
Georgetown:n.乔治城(圭亚那首都);
Police departments can currently look at these networks unregulated , using algorithms that have not been audited for accuracy . 警察局如今可以访问 这些未被规范的 使用着未审核准确性的 算法的面部识别网络
currently:adv.当前;一般地; unregulated:adj.未经调节的;[仪]未校准的; audited:adj.受审查的;受审计的;v.审计;旁听(audit的过去分词); accuracy:n.[数]精确度,准确性;
Yet we know facial recognition is not fail proof , and labeling faces consistently remains a challenge. 然而我们知道面部识别 并非万无一失 而持续地给面部标签 还是很有挑战性的
proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护; labeling:n.标签;标记;[计]标号;v.贴标签;分类;(label的现在分词) consistently:adv.一贯地;一致地;坚实地;
You might have seen this on Facebook. 你也许在Facebook上见过这个
My friends and I laugh all the time when we see other people mislabeled in our photos. 当我和我的朋友看到其他人 在我们的照片上被错误标注时 都会捧腹大笑
mislabeled:vt.贴错标签;
But misidentifying a suspected criminal is no laughing matter, nor is breaching civil liberties . 但是误认一个犯罪嫌疑人 可不是闹着玩儿的 对公民自由的侵犯也不容忽视
misidentifying:vt.识别错; suspected:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的过去分词和过去式) breaching:v.违反;违背;在…上打开缺口;(breach的现在分词) civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; liberties:n.自由(liberty的复数);
Machine learning is being used for facial recognition, but it's also extending beyond the realm of computer vision. 机器学习正被用于面部识别 但也延伸到了计算机视觉领域之外
extending:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;(extend的现在分词) realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
In her book, "Weapons of Math Destruction ," 在数据科学家凯西·欧奈尔在她 《数学杀伤性武器》一书中
Destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
data scientist Cathy O'Neil talks about the rising new WMDs -- widespread , mysterious and destructive algorithms that are increasingly being used to make decisions that impact more aspects of our lives. 叙述了逐渐严重的 新型大规模杀伤性武器 即 广泛应用而又神秘的 具有破坏性的算法 正在被越来越多地 运用于决策制定上 而这些决策影响着 我们生活的方方面面
widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的; mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的; destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
So who gets hired or fired? 谁被录用 又有谁被解雇
Do you get that loan? Do you get insurance ? 你得到了贷款吗 你买到了保险吗
insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
Are you admitted into the college you wanted to get into? 你被心目中的理想大学录取了吗
Do you and I pay the same price for the same product purchased on the same platform ? 在同一平台上的同一件产品 你和我是否支付同样的价格
purchased:v.买;购买;采购;(purchase的过去式和过去分词) platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
Law enforcement is also starting to use machine learning for predictive policing. 为了实现警情预测 执法机构也开始 使用起机器学习
enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制; predictive:adj.预言性的;成为前兆的;
Some judges use machine-generated risk scores to determine how long an individual is going to spend in prison. 一些法官使用机器生成的 危险评分来决定 囚犯要在监狱里呆多久
determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
So we really have to think about these decisions. 我们真的应该 仔细思考这些决定
Are they fair? 它们公平吗
And we've seen that algorithmic bias doesn't necessarily always lead to fair outcomes . 我们已经清楚了 算法偏见 不一定总能带来公平的结果
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
So what can we do about it? 那我们应该怎么做呢
Well, we can start thinking about how we create more inclusive code and employ inclusive coding practices. 我们可以开始思考如何 创造更具有包容性的代码 并且运用有包容性的编程实践
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的; employ:vt.使用,采用;雇用;使忙于,使从事于;n.使用;雇用; coding:n.译码;v.把…编码;(code的现在分词)
It really starts with people. 这真的要从人开始
So who codes matters. 由谁来编程很重要
Are we creating full-spectrum teams with diverse individuals who can check each other's blind spots? 我们组建的全光谱团队中 是否包括各种各样的个体 他们可以弥补彼此的盲区吗
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
On the technical side, how we code matters. 在技术层面上 我们如何编程很重要
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
Are we factoring in fairness as we're developing systems? 我们在研发系统的同时 有没有也考虑到公平的因素
factoring:n.[数]因子分解,[数]因式分解; v.把…因素包括进去(factor的现在分词);
And finally , why we code matters. 最后一点 我们为什么编程也很重要
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
We've used tools of computational creation to unlock immense wealth . 我们用计算机创建的工具 创造了巨大的财富
computational:adj.计算的; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
We now have the opportunity to unlock even greater equality if we make social change a priority and not an afterthought . 现在我们有机会去 创造进一步的平等 我们应该优先考虑社会变革 而不是想着事后优化
priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事; afterthought:n.事后的想法;后来添加的东西;
And so these are the three tenets that will make up the "incoding" movement. 所以这三个宗旨 将构成“译码”运动
tenets:n.原理,原则(tenet的复数);信条;
Who codes matters, how we code matters and why we code matters. 由谁来编程很重要 我们如何编程很重要 以及我们为什么编程很重要
So to go towards incoding, we can start thinking about building platforms that can identify bias by collecting people's experiences like the ones I shared, but also auditing existing software. 所以就译码来说 我们可以开始考虑 建立一个我们可以辨识偏见的平台 通过收集人们与我类似的经历 不过也要审查现有的软件
platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上; auditing:n.审计;[审计]查帐;v.审计;查账(audit的现在分词);
We can also start to create more inclusive training sets. 我们也可以创造一些 更有包容性的训练集
Imagine a "Selfies for Inclusion " campaign where you and I can help developers test and create more inclusive training sets. 想象一个为了包容性的自拍运动 在那里 你和我可以帮助 程序员测试以及创造 更具包容性的训练集
Inclusion:n.包含;内含物;
And we can also start thinking more conscientiously about the social impact of the technology that we're developing. 我们还可以开始更认真地思考 关于正在发展的科技 造成的社会影响
conscientiously:adv.有良心地; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
To get the incoding movement started, 为了开启译码运动
I've launched the Algorithmic Justice League , where anyone who cares about fairness can help fight the coded gaze. 我发起了算法正义联盟 在那里任何关心公平的人 可以出力来对抗 代码的凝视
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) Justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; League:n.联赛;联盟;协会;种类;v.(使)结盟;(使)联合[团结];一鼻孔出气;组成联盟;
request audits , become a tester and join the ongoing conversation, 请求审核 成为测试者 以及加入正在进行的谈话
audits:n.审计(audit的复数);经查核纠正的帐目;v.审计(audit的三单形式); tester:检验器,试验员 ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的;
#codedgaze. 标签就是 代码的凝视
So I invite you to join me in creating a world where technology works for all of us, not just some of us, a world where we value inclusion and center social change. 我在此邀请各位加入我 去创造一个让科技为我们 所有人服务的世界 而不是只服务于部分人 一个我们珍惜包容和 聚焦社会变革的世界
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）
But I have one question: 不过我还有一个问题
Will you join me in the fight? 你会与我并肩战斗吗
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）