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JoshuaSmith_2016S-_崭新的早期癌症檢测奈米科技_
'"You have cancer ." 「你得了癌症。」
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
Sadly, about 40 percent of us will hear those three words within our lifetime, and half will not survive. 很不幸,约有 40% 的人 会在活着时听到这几个字, 其中半数终将不治。
This means that two out of five of your closest friends and relatives will be diagnosed with some form of cancer, and one will die. 意味着我们每五个亲友当中 有两个会被诊断出罹患某种癌症, 而一个会病故。
relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数) diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式)
Beyond the physical hardships , roughly one-third of cancer survivors here in the US will go into debt from treatment . 除了身心受苦, 大约三分之一的美国癌症幸存者 会因为医疗而负债累累;
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; hardships:n.艰难(hardship复数形式);困苦; roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; debt:n.债务;借款;罪过; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
And they're at least two and a half times more likely to declare bankruptcy than those without cancer. 他们破产的机率 至少是未罹癌者的 2.5 倍。
bankruptcy:n.破产;
This disease is pervasive . 癌症无所不在,
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
It's emotionally draining and, for many, financially destructive . 它损耗人的情感, 使许多人 散尽家财。
emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地; draining:v.排空;(使)流光;放干;喝光;喝干;(drain的现在分词) financially:adv.财政上;金融上; destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的;
But a cancer diagnosis doesn't have to be a death sentence . 但是被诊断出罹癌不等于被宣判死刑。
diagnosis:n.诊断; death sentence:n.死刑;
Finding cancer early, closer its genesis , is one of the critical factors to improving treatment options , reducing its emotional impact and minimizing financial burdens . 及早发现 和贴近找出它的成因, 对于提高存活率、 减低情绪影响, 和降低财务负担至关重要。
genesis:n.发生;起源; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; minimizing:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要;(minimize的现在分词) burdens:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于;
Most importantly, finding cancer early -- which is one of the primary aims of my research -- greatly enhances your odds of survival . 最关键的是要尽早发现癌症, 这也是我主要的研究目标之一, 能够大大提高存活率。 举乳癌为例,
greatly:adv.很,大大地;非常; enhances:提高(enhance的第三人称单数); odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
If we just look at the case of breast cancer for example, we find that those who are diagnosed and treated at stage one have a five-year survival rate of nearly 100 percent -- odds that decrease to just 22 percent if treated at stage four. 在第一期就诊断且治疗的患者 五年的存活率几近百分之百, 如果到第四期才治疗就只剩 22%。 大肠直肠癌和卵巢癌的情况类似。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置;
And similar trends are found for colorectal and ovarian cancer. 大家都知道,早期的准确诊断
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) colorectal:adj.结肠直肠的; ovarian:adj.[解剖]卵巢的;子房的;
Now, we're all aware that an early diagnosis that is accurate is critical for survival. 是存活与否的关键。 问题是很多癌症筛檢具有侵入性,
accurate:adj.精确的;
The problem is that many cancer diagnostic tools are invasive , costly , often inaccurate and they can take an agonizing amount of time to get the results back. 价格昂贵, 常常不准确, 并且等待结果既焦虑又旷日费时。 更糟的是若干癌症,
diagnostic:adj.诊断的;特征的;n.诊断法;诊断结论; invasive:adj.侵略性的;攻击性的; costly:adj.昂贵的;代价高的; inaccurate:adj.错误的; agonizing:adj.痛苦的;令人焦虑不安的;v.苦苦思索;焦虑不已;(agonize的现在分词)
Still worse, when it comes to some forms of cancer, such as ovarian, liver or pancreatic cancer, good screening methods simply don't exist, meaning that often people wait until physical symptoms surface, which are themselves already indicators of late-stage progression . 例如卵巢癌、肝癌、胰脏癌, 根本没有好的檢验方式, 意味着等到出现症状时 已经到了癌症扩散的晚期。 就好像在没有龙卷风预警的地区
liver:n.肝;(动物供食用的)肝; pancreatic:adj.胰的;胰腺的; symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数) indicators:n.指示信号;标志;指针;方向灯;(indicator的复数) progression:n.前进;连续;
Like a tornado strike in an area without an early warning system, there is no alarm to warn, for the danger is already at your doorstep when your odds of survival are greatly reduced. 没有警报, 一旦龙卷风到了家门口, 存活的机会就大大减少了。 方便、易取得、
tornado:n.[气象]龙卷风;旋风;暴风;大雷雨; early warning:adj.预先警报的,预警的;远程警戒的; doorstep:n.门阶;
Having the convenience and accessibility of regular screening options that are affordable , noninvasive and could provide results much sooner, would provide us with a formidable weapon in the fight against cancer. 便宜、非侵入性 和快筛的定期檢验方式 将会是我们对抗癌症的强大利器。
convenience:n.方便;便利;适宜;便利的事物(或设施); accessibility:n.易接近;可亲;可以得到; affordable:adj.负担得起的; noninvasive:adj.非侵袭的;非侵害的; formidable:adj.强大的;可怕的;令人敬畏的;艰难的;
An early warning would allow us to get out ahead of the disease instead of merely following in its relentless wake. 及早发现让我们能抢得治疗先机, 而非只苦追在它残酷无情的脚步后面。
merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是; relentless:adj.无情的;残酷的;不间断的;
And this is exactly what I've been doing. 这正是我的工作。
For the past three years, I've been developing technologies that could ultimately aid clinicians with rapid, early-stage cancer diagnostics . 过去三年来, 我一直在研发能够幫助临床医生 快速、早期诊断癌症的科技。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; clinicians:临床医生(clinician的名词复数); diagnostics:n.诊断学(用作单数);
And I've been fueled by a deep scientific curiosity , and a passion to change these statistics . 强烈的科学好奇心与热情 推动我要改变那些癌症的统计数据。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
Last year however, this fight became much more personal when my wife was diagnosed with breast cancer. 去年 我的妻子被诊断出罹患乳癌, 使这努力成了与自身息息相关的战斗,
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
It was an experience that added a strong and unexpected emotional dimension to these efforts. 参杂了我始料未及的情感层面。 我亲身体验到
unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的; dimension:n.方面;[数]维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸;adj.规格的;
I know firsthand how life-altering treatment can be, and I'm keenly aware of the emotional havoc that cancer can wreak on a family, which in our case included our two young daughters. 治疗对生活所造成的巨大冲击, 十分清楚它带来的精神浩劫, 癌症可能会毁灭我们的家庭, 包括我们两个年幼的女儿。
firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; life-altering:改变生活的;改变人生的; keenly:adv.敏锐地;强烈地;锐利地; havoc:n.大破坏;浩劫;蹂躏;v.严重破坏;损毁; wreak:v.造成(巨大的破坏或伤害);
Because we found it early during a routine mammogram , we were able to focus primarily on treatment options for the localized tumor , reaffirming to me how important an early diagnosis is. 经由定期乳房摄影檢查及早发现, 我们得以专注治疗仍限于局部的肿瘤, 使得我再次确认早期诊断极其重要。 不同于其他的癌症,
mammogram:n.乳房X线照片; primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; localized:adj.局部的;地区的;小范围的;v.定位(localize的过去分词); tumor:n.肿瘤;肿块;赘生物; reaffirming:vt.再肯定,重申;再断言;
Unlike other forms of cancer, mammograms do offer an early-stage screening option for breast cancer. 乳房摄影檢查能有效侦测早期乳癌。 尽管如此,仍有人没定期做檢查,
mammograms:n.乳房X线照片;
Still, not everyone has this done, or they may develop breast cancer before the middle age recommendation for having a mammogram. 也有人未达建议该接受乳房摄影 檢查的年龄之前就已罹患乳癌。 因此,即便已有筛檢方式的癌症 仍有很大的改善空间。 而那些尚未有筛檢法的癌症 更将会大大受益。
middle age:中年; recommendation:n.推荐;介绍;提议;正式建议;
So, there's still a lot of room for improvement , even for cancers that do have screening options, and, of course, considerable benefits for those that don't. 癌症研究者的关键挑战在于 开发出一种用于定期体檢, 能够更容易查出多种癌症的方法。
improvement:n.改进,改善; cancers:n.癌; (Cancers是cancer的复数) considerable:adj.相当大的;重要的,值得考虑的;
A key challenge then for cancer researchers is to develop methods that make regular screening for many types of cancers much more accessible . 想像这情境: 医生在定期体檢时能采取 简单、非侵入性的尿液样本 或是其他的液状活檢体, 在你离开诊所之前就告诉你结果。
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
Imagine a scenario where during your regular checkup , your doctor can take a simple, noninvasive urine sample, or other liquid biopsy , and present you with the results before you even leave the doctor's office. 这样的科技能够大量减少 早期癌症筛檢所漏掉的人数。 我的工程与生化研究团队面对这挑战, 正试图找出一种能在人们仍健康时
scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本; checkup:na.检验;(严格的)健康检查;身体检查; urine:n.尿; biopsy:n.活组织检查;切片检查法;v.活组织检查;切片检查法;
Such a technology could dramatically reduce the number of people who slip through the net of an early-stage cancer diagnosis. 就会触发应该去做定期体檢的警示, 一旦出现癌症征兆,马上采取行动,
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; slip:v.溜;下降;滑落;n.纸条;衬裙;
My research team of engineers and biochemists is working on exactly this challenge. 不让它有机会扩展到中、后期。 此处的杀手鐧被称为「胞外染色体」,
biochemists:n.生物化学家;
We're working on ways to frequently activate an early-stage cancer alarm by enabling regular screenings that would start when a person is healthy so that action could be taken to stop cancer the moment it emerges , and before it can progress beyond its infancy . 是细胞经常脱落的小小逃生舱。 胞外染色体 是能在癌症早期预警的重要生物标记。 这些标记大量而广泛存在体液里,
frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次; activate:vt.刺激;使活动;使活泼;使产生放射性;vi.激活;有活力; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); screenings:n.筛后残余的物;[建]筛屑;残渣; emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露; infancy:n.初期;婴儿期;幼年;
The silver bullet in this case are tiny vesicles , little escape pods regularly shed by cells called exosomes. 包括血液、尿液和唾液中, 不具侵入性,极具液体活檢的优势。
silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的; bullet:n.子弹;只选某党全部候选人的投票;豆子;vi.射出;迅速行进; vesicles:n.囊泡;小水泡(vesicle的复数); pods:abbr.资料库系统规则(PrinciplesofDatabaseSystems); regularly:adv.经常地;有规律地;定期的 shed:v.摆脱;去除;蜕;落;n.工棚;简易房;剪羊毛棚;挤奶棚;
Exosomes are important biomarkers that provide an early-warning system for the development of cancer. 但这里仍然有个问题, 能够自动快筛这些生物标记的机制
biomarkers:n.生物标记;生物指标(biomarker的复数); early-warning:adj.预先警报的,预警的;远程警戒的;
And because they're abundantly present in just about every bodily fluid , including blood, urine and saliva , they're extremely attractive for noninvasive liquid biopsies . 目前并不存在。 我们建立了称作「奈米 DLD」的科技 能够精准做到
abundantly:adv.丰富地;大量地; bodily:adv.整体地;亲自地;以肉体形式;adj.身体的;肉体的; fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; saliva:n.唾液;涎; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; attractive:adj.吸引人的;有魅力的;引人注目的; biopsies:活组织检查;
There's just one problem. 自动分离出胞外染色体
An automated system for rapidly sorting these important biomarkers is not currently available. 以快速癌症筛檢。 胞外染色体是出现在液体活檢阵线的
automated:adj.自动化的;v.(使)自动化;(automate的过去式和过去分词) currently:adv.当前;一般地;
We've created a technology that we call nano-DLD that is capable of precisely this: automated exosome isolation to aid rapid cancer diagnostics. 最新早期预警利器。 它们非常微小, 直径仅有 30 到 150 奈米, 小到
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
Exosomes are the newest early-warning weapon, if you will, to emerge on the liquid biopsy front. 一粒红血球的体积里能装下一百万个, 比例相当于一颗高尔夫球
And they're really, really small. 对应于一粒沙子。
They measure just 30 to 150 nanometers in diameter . 它虽曾被认为是细胞废物的垃圾桶,
nanometers:n.[计量]毫微米(即十亿分之一米); diameter:n.直径;对径;放大率;放大倍数;
This is so tiny that you could fit about a million of them into a single red blood cell . 后来却发现,事实上细胞经由 产生和吸收胞外染色体来互相沟通,
red blood cell:n.红细胞;红血球;
That's roughly the difference between a golf ball and a fine grain piece of sand. 因为它们具有表面接收器、蛋白质 以及母细胞所给予的基因。
grain:n.粮食; v.把…作成细粒;
Once thought to be little bins for unwanted cellular waste, it has been found that cells actually communicate by producing and absorbing these exosomes which contain surface receptors , proteins and other genetic material collected from their cell of origin . 一旦被临近的细胞所吸收, 胞外染色体就会释放内含的物质, 大幅改变接收细胞的基因表现。 有些是好的改变; 但在癌症的情况下
unwanted:adj.不需要的;有害的;讨厌的;空闲的; cellular:adj.细胞的;多孔的;由细胞组成的;n.移动电话;单元; absorbing:adj.引人入胜的;精彩的;v.吸收;吞并;同化;理解;(absorb的现在分词) receptors:n.[生化]受体;接受器;神经末梢(receptor的复数); proteins:n.[生化]蛋白质(protein复数); genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; origin:n.起源;起因;源头;出身;
When absorbed by a neighboring cell, exosomes release their contents into the receiving cell, and can set in motion fundamental changes in gene expression -- some good, and this is where cancer comes in, some bad. 则是不好的改变。 因为它们被母细胞的物质包覆着, 里头含有环境的样本, 可以提供来源细胞的健康情况。 胞外染色体具有这些无价的特质 使得医生能从细胞层面
absorbed:adj.被…吸引住; v.吸收(液体、气体等); (absorb的过去分词和过去式) neighboring:adj.邻近的;接壤的;v.邻近;使接近;位于…附近;(neighbor的现在分词) release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与; contents:n.内容; v.知足; (content的第三人称单数和复数) fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
Because they are clothed in the material of the mother cell, and contain a sample of its environment, they provide a genetic snapshot of that cell's health and its origin. 监测你的健康水平。 但想要尽早发现癌症 就必须频繁截取这些讯息,
clothed:adj.穿…衣服的;覆盖著…的;v.穿…;授以(clothe的过去式); snapshot:n.快照,快相;急射,速射;简单印象;vt.给…拍快照;vi.拍快照;
All of these qualities make exosomes invaluable messengers that potentially allow physicians to eavesdrop on your health at the cellular level. 看体内潜伏的闹事份子 是不是要滋事了。 这就是为什么定期檢查非常重要,
invaluable:adj.无价的;非常贵重的; messengers:n.东京速递(电视剧); potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数); eavesdrop:n.屋檐上流下来的水;vi.偷听,窃听;
To catch cancer early, however, you have to frequently intercept these messages to determine when cancer-causing troublemakers within your body decide to start staging a coup , which is why regular screening is so critical and why we're developing technologies to make this possible. 以及我们为什么要发展这科技。 尽管今年市场上出现了 首宗胞外染色体檢验机制, 它们还不是主流的筛檢选项。 除了上市的时间很短, 另一个影响普及的因素 是目前尚无法自动分离出胞外染色体,
intercept:v.拦截;截断;窃听;n.拦截;[数]截距;截获的情报; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; troublemakers:n.麻烦制造者(troublemaker的复数); coup:n.政变; v.使…颠倒;
While the first exosome-based diagnostics emerged on the market just this year, they are not yet part of mainstream healthcare options. 所以用于定期体檢仍不够便宜。 当下隔绝胞外染色体的标准做法,
emerged:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;暴露;露出真相;显现;(emerge的过去分词和过去式) on the market:上市;出售的; mainstream:n.主流; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
In addition to their recent emergence , another factor that's limiting their widespread adoption is that currently, no automated exosome isolation system exists to make regular screening economically accessible. 包括超速离心法, 必须使用昂贵的实验器材, 由专業培训过的技师操作, 耗费三十小时来处理一份样本。
In addition to:除…之外; emergence:n.出现,浮现;发生;露头; widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的; adoption:n.采用;收养;接受; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地;
The current gold standard for exosome isolation includes ultracentrifugation, a process requiring expensive laboratory equipment, a trained lab tech and about 30 hours of time to process a sample. 我们想出另一种方法, 从尿液之类的液体样本 自动分离出胞外染色体。 我们用基于晶片的持续流动分离技术, 这方法称为「确定性侧向位移」。
gold standard:n.金本位制;黄金标准;典范; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
We've come up with a different approach for achieving automated exosome isolation from a sample such as urine. 藉由过去五十年来半导体产業 非常成功的晶片微缩技术,
come up with:提出;想出;赶上; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
We use a chip-based, continuous flow separation technique called deterministic lateral displacement . 我们把这技术 从微米缩小到了真正的奈米等级。
continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离; technique:n.技巧,技术;手法; deterministic:adj.确定性的;命运注定论的; lateral:adj.侧面的,横向的;n.侧部;[语]边音;vt.横向传球; displacement:n.取代,位移;[船]排水量;
And we have done with it what the semiconductor industry has done so successfully for the past 50 years. 原理是什么呢？ 简单来说,
have done with:做完;和…无关; semiconductor:n.[电子][物]半导体;
We shrunk the dimensions of this technology from the micron scale to the true nanoscale . 把许多有奈米级间隙的细小柱子 排成能让液体细细分流的形式,
shrunk:v.收缩(shrink的过去分词); dimensions:n.规模,大小; micron:n.微米(等于百万分之一米); nanoscale:n.纳米级;
So how does it work? 较大的癌症奈米粒子会改道,
In a nutshell , a set of tiny pillars separated by nanoscopic gaps are arranged in such a way that the system divides the fluid into streamlines , with the larger cancer-related nanoparticles being separated 与较小的健康粒子分流; 另一方面, 体积较小的健康粒子 会沿着之字形的方向移动。 结果大小两种粒子被完全分开了。 可以把分离的过程
In a nutshell:极简单地;简言之;简而言之;总而言之; pillars:n.柱子;柱状物;台柱(pillar的复数);v.用柱支持(pillar的第三人称单数); nanoscopic:纳米观;奈米层级;极微小的; gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式); arranged:adj.安排的;v.安排;计划;准备(arrange的过去式和过去分词); streamlines:n.[流]流线(streamline的复数); v.使成流线型; cancer-related:与癌有关的; nanoparticles:n.纳米粒子(nanoparticle的复数形式);
through a process of redirection from the smaller, healthier ones, which can in contrast move around the pillars in a zigzag-type motion in the direction of fluid flow. 观想成用有高度限制的穿山隧道 把车流一分为二: 一条进隧道,另一条绕山而过。 像这样,小车可以进入隧道,
redirection:n.重寄;改道;转移呼叫; contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转;
The net result is a complete separation of these two particle populations. 而载有危险物品的大卡车
You can visualize this separation process similar to traffic on a highway that separates into two roads, with one road going into a low-clearance tunnel under a mountain, and the other road going around it. 只能绕路。 由车辆的大小和载物的种类引导, 不会阻碍车流。 我们建置的工作原理相同,
visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现; tunnel:n.地下通道;地道;隧道;(动物的)洞穴通道;v.开凿隧道;挖地道;
Here, smaller cars can go through the tunnel while larger trucks, carrying potentially hazardous material, are forced to take the detour route . 只是规模远小得多。 用分离筛檢的理念来分析 简易取得的尿液、血液或唾液样本,
hazardous:adj.有危险的;冒险的;碰运气的; detour:v.使…绕道而行;绕道;迂回;n.绕道;便道; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
Traffic is effectively separated by size and contents without impeding its flow. 近几年内就可实行。 最终,这方法能分离和侦测出
impeding:v.阻碍;阻止;(impede的现在分词)
And this is exactly how our system works on a much, much smaller scale. 与特定癌症相关的胞外染色体,
The idea here is that the separation process for screening could be as simple as processing a sample of urine, blood or saliva, which is a near-term possibility within the next few years. 而且自侦测至结果仅需数分钟, 使得筛檢的过程快速且无痛。 广泛说,
processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词) near-term:adj.近期的;
Ultimately, it could be used to isolate and detect target exosomes associated with a particular type of cancer, sensing and reporting their presence within minutes. 有了奈米级精准的自动化分离机制 与浓缩的生物标记, 使我们更能了解癌症等疾病;
isolate:v.孤立; n.[微]分离菌; detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测; associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
This would make rapid diagnostics virtually painless . 它的应用广泛,从准备样品、诊断,
virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; painless:adj.无痛的;不痛的;
Broadly speaking, the ability to separate and enrich biomarkers with nanoscale precision in an automated way, opens the door to better understanding diseases such as cancer, 至观察抗药性和治疗都能做。 即使在我的妻子罹癌之前, 我??已经梦想要自动化檢验的过程, 要使定期檢查更容易,
Broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地; enrich:v.充实;使丰富;使富有;使富裕; precision:n.精度,[数]精密度;精确;adj.精密的,精确的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
with applications ranging from sample preparation to diagnostics, and from drug resistance monitoring to therapeutics . 就像亨利·福特自动化汽车的生产线, 使得普罗大众买得起汽车那样。
resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力; therapeutics:n.疗法,治疗学;
Even before my wife's bout with cancer, it was a dream of mine to facilitate the automation of this process -- to make regular screening more accessible, 自动化是普及的关键。 就像胡佛选总统的逐梦精神口号: 「每只锅里有鸡肉,每间车庫有辆车。」
bout:n.回合;较量;发作;一阵; facilitate:vt.促进;帮助;使容易; automation:n.自动化;自动操作;
similar to the way Henry Ford made the automobile accessible to the general population through development of the assembly line . 我们开发这技术 为的是把早期的癌症预警系统 最终普及于每个家庭。
automobile:n.汽车;v.开汽车;坐汽车;adj.自动的; assembly line:na.装配线;
Automation is the key to accessibility. 让每个男人、女人和小孩
And in the spirit of the Hoover dream, "a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage ," 都能够在仍然健康时就定期做檢查, 在初发的早期就侦测到癌症。
Hoover:vi.胡佛电动吸尘;n.胡佛电动吸尘器; garage:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;v.把…送入车库;把(汽车)开进车库;
we're developing a technology that could ultimately place an early-warning cancer detection system in every home. 我希望,我梦想 要幫助世人 避掉癌症患者所面对的昂贵开销,
detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉;
This would allow every man, woman and child the opportunity to be regularly tested while they're still healthy, catching cancer when it first emerges. 免去身体、财务和精神层面的艰辛, 那是我再熟悉也不过的艰辛。 我也开心地告诉大家,
It is my hope and dream to help people around the world avoid the high costs -- physical, financial and emotional -- faced by today's cancer patients , hardships that I'm well acquainted with. 由于发现得早, 我的妻子治癌成功, 谢天谢地,现在她已肃清癌细胞。 （掌声） 我希望每位罹癌者都能被治愈。
patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) acquainted:adj.熟悉的;了解;相识;v.使熟悉;使了解;(acquaint的过去式和过去分词)
I'm also happy to report that because we caught my wife's cancer early, her treatment was successful, and she is now, thankfully , cancer-free. 我团队开发的奈米生物标记分离法 能快速、早期侦测出癌症。 我乐观看待在未来十年内,
thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地;
(Applause) 这技术会被用来
It is an outcome that I would like to see for everyone with a cancer diagnosis. 保护我们的朋友、家人和子孙后代。
outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
With the work that my team has already done on separation of nanoscale biomarkers for rapid, early-stage cancer diagnostics, 即便我们不幸被诊断出癌症, 早期警示将会提供更大的治愈希望。 谢谢大家。
I am optimistic that within the next decade, （掌声）
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的;